Update CHANGELOG.md

Signed-off-by: Matthew Penner <me@matthewp.io>

.dockerignore

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+# Binaries for programs and plugins
+*.exe
+*.dll
+*.so
+*.dylib
+.idea/*
+
+# Test binary, build with `go test -c`
+*.test
+
+# Output of the go coverage tool, specifically when used with LiteIDE
+*.out
+
+# Project-local glide cache, RE: https://github.com/Masterminds/glide/issues/736
+.glide/
+
+# dep related files and folders
+/vendor*
+
+# ignore logfiles (/* so the .gitkeep override works)
+/logs/*
+
+# ignore configuration file
+/config.yml
+
+# Ignore Vagrant stuff
+/.vagrant
+
+# Builds by gox
+/build
+
+# Go Coverage tool
+/coverage.out
+
+# The built executable
+wings
+wings.exe
+
+# IDE/Editor files (VS Code)
+/.vscode
+
+# test files
+test_*/
+
+# Keep all gitkeep files (This needs to stay at the bottom)
+!.gitkeep
+debug
+.DS_Store
+*.pprof
+*.pdf
+
+Dockerfile
+CHANGELOG.md
+Makefile
+README.md
+wings-api.paw

.github/FUNDING.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+github: [matthewpi]

.github/workflows/codeql.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+name: CodeQL
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - develop
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - develop
+  schedule:
+    - cron: "0 9 * * 4"
+
+jobs:
+  analyze:
+    name: Analyze
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+      contents: read
+      security-events: write
+
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        language:
+          - go
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Code Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Initialize CodeQL
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@v2
+        with:
+          languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
+
+      - name: Autobuild
+        uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v2
+
+      - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v2

.github/workflows/docker.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+name: Docker
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - develop
+  release:
+    types:
+      - published
+
+jobs:
+  build-and-push:
+    name: Build and Push
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    # Always run against a tag, even if the commit into the tag has [docker skip] within the commit message.
+    if: "!contains(github.ref, 'develop') || (!contains(github.event.head_commit.message, 'skip docker') && !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, 'docker skip'))"
+    steps:
+      - name: Code checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Docker metadata
+        id: docker_meta
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
+        with:
+          images: ghcr.io/pterodactyl/wings
+          flavor: |
+            latest=false
+          tags: |
+            type=raw,value=latest,enable=${{ github.event_name == 'release' && github.event.action == 'published' && github.event.release.prerelease == false }}
+            type=ref,event=tag
+            type=ref,event=branch
+
+      - name: Setup QEMU
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+
+      - name: Setup Docker buildx
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+
+      - name: Login to GitHub Container Registry
+        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        with:
+          registry: ghcr.io
+          username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.REGISTRY_TOKEN }}
+
+      - name: Get Build Information
+        id: build_info
+        run: |
+          echo "version_tag=${GITHUB_REF/refs\/tags\/v/}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo "short_sha=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
+      - name: Build and Push (tag)
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v5
+        if: "github.event_name == 'release' && github.event.action == 'published'"
+        with:
+          context: .
+          file: ./Dockerfile
+          push: true
+          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
+          build-args: |
+            VERSION=${{ steps.build_info.outputs.version_tag }}
+          labels: ${{ steps.docker_meta.outputs.labels }}
+          tags: ${{ steps.docker_meta.outputs.tags }}
+
+      - name: Build and Push (develop)
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v5
+        if: "github.event_name == 'push' && contains(github.ref, 'develop')"
+        with:
+          context: .
+          file: ./Dockerfile
+          push: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' }}
+          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
+          build-args: |
+            VERSION=dev-${{ steps.build_info.outputs.short_sha }}
+          labels: ${{ steps.docker_meta.outputs.labels }}
+          tags: ${{ steps.docker_meta.outputs.tags }}
+          cache-from: type=gha
+          cache-to: type=gha,mode=max

.github/workflows/push.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+name: Push
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - develop
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - develop
+
+jobs:
+  build-and-test:
+    name: Build and Test
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        os: [ubuntu-22.04]
+        go: ["1.21.8", "1.22.1"]
+        goos: [linux]
+        goarch: [amd64, arm64]
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          go-version: ${{ matrix.go }}
+
+      - name: Code checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: go mod download
+        env:
+          CGO_ENABLED: 0
+        run: |
+          go mod download
+
+      - name: Build
+        env:
+          GOOS: ${{ matrix.goos }}
+          GOARCH: ${{ matrix.goarch }}
+          CGO_ENABLED: 0
+          SRC_PATH: github.com/pterodactyl/wings
+        run: |
+          go build -v -trimpath -ldflags="-s -w -X ${SRC_PATH}/system.Version=dev-${GIT_COMMIT:0:7}" -o dist/wings ${SRC_PATH}
+          go build -v -trimpath -ldflags="-X ${SRC_PATH}/system.Version=dev-${GIT_COMMIT:0:7}" -o dist/wings_debug ${SRC_PATH}
+          chmod 755 dist/*
+
+      - name: go test
+        if: ${{ matrix.goarch == 'amd64' }}
+        env:
+          CGO_ENABLED: 0
+        run: |
+          go test $(go list ./...)
+
+      - name: go test -race
+        if: ${{ matrix.goarch == 'amd64' }}
+        env:
+          CGO_ENABLED: 1
+        run: |
+          go test -race $(go list ./...)
+
+      - name: Upload Release Artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        if: ${{ (github.ref == 'refs/heads/develop' || github.event_name == 'pull_request') && matrix.go == '1.21.8' }}
+        with:
+          name: wings_linux_${{ matrix.goarch }}
+          path: dist/wings
+
+      - name: Upload Debug Artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        if: ${{ (github.ref == 'refs/heads/develop' || github.event_name == 'pull_request') && matrix.go == '1.21.8' }}
+        with:
+          name: wings_linux_${{ matrix.goarch }}_debug
+          path: dist/wings_debug

.github/workflows/release.yaml

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+name: Release
+
+on:
+  push:
+    tags:
+      - "v*"
+
+jobs:
+  release:
+    name: Release
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Code Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Setup Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          go-version: "1.21.8"
+
+      - name: Build release binaries
+        env:
+          CGO_ENABLED: 0
+          REF: ${{ github.ref }}
+        run: |
+          GOARCH=amd64 go build -o dist/wings_linux_amd64 -v -trimpath -ldflags="-s -w -X github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system.Version=${REF:11}" github.com/pterodactyl/wings
+          chmod 755 dist/wings_linux_amd64
+          GOARCH=arm64 go build -o dist/wings_linux_arm64 -v -trimpath -ldflags="-s -w -X github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system.Version=${REF:11}" github.com/pterodactyl/wings
+          chmod 755 dist/wings_linux_arm64
+
+      - name: Extract changelog
+        env:
+          REF: ${{ github.ref }}
+        run: |
+          sed -n "/^## ${REF:10}/,/^## /{/^## /b;p}" CHANGELOG.md > ./RELEASE_CHANGELOG
+
+      - name: Create checksum and add to changelog
+        run: |
+          SUM=`cd dist && sha256sum wings_linux_amd64`
+          SUM2=`cd dist && sha256sum wings_linux_arm64`
+          echo -e "\n#### SHA256 Checksum\n\`\`\`\n$SUM\n$SUM2\n\`\`\`\n" >> ./RELEASE_CHANGELOG
+          echo -e "$SUM\n$SUM2" > checksums.txt
+
+      - name: Create release branch
+        env:
+          REF: ${{ github.ref }}
+        run: |
+          BRANCH=release/${REF:10}
+          git config --local user.email "ci@pterodactyl.io"
+          git config --local user.name "Pterodactyl CI"
+          git checkout -b $BRANCH
+          git push -u origin $BRANCH
+          sed -i "s/var Version = \".*\"/var Version = \"${REF:11}\"/" system/const.go
+          git add system/const.go
+          git commit -m "bump version for release"
+          git push
+
+      - name: Create release
+        id: create_release
+        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v1
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          draft: true
+          prerelease: ${{ contains(github.ref, 'rc') || contains(github.ref, 'beta') || contains(github.ref, 'alpha') }}
+          body_path: ./RELEASE_CHANGELOG
+
+      - name: Upload amd64 binary
+        uses: actions/upload-release-asset@v1
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          upload_url: ${{ steps.create_release.outputs.upload_url }}
+          asset_path: dist/wings_linux_amd64
+          asset_name: wings_linux_amd64
+          asset_content_type: application/octet-stream
+
+      - name: Upload arm64 binary
+        uses: actions/upload-release-asset@v1
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          upload_url: ${{ steps.create_release.outputs.upload_url }}
+          asset_path: dist/wings_linux_arm64
+          asset_name: wings_linux_arm64
+          asset_content_type: application/octet-stream
+
+      - name: Upload checksum
+        uses: actions/upload-release-asset@v1
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          upload_url: ${{ steps.create_release.outputs.upload_url }}
+          asset_path: ./checksums.txt
+          asset_name: checksums.txt
+          asset_content_type: text/plain

.gitignore

@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
 
 # ignore configuration file
 /config.yml
+/config*.yml
+/config.yaml
+/config*.yaml
 
 # Ignore Vagrant stuff
 /.vagrant
@@ -45,3 +48,7 @@ test_*/
 # Keep all gitkeep files (This needs to stay at the bottom)
 !.gitkeep
 debug
+.DS_Store
+*.pprof
+*.pdf
+pprof.*

.travis.yml

@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-language: go
-
-go:
-- 1.9.x
-
-services:
-  - docker
-
-install:
-- mkdir -p $GOPATH/bin
-
-# Install used tools
-- go get github.com/golang/dep/cmd/dep
-- go get github.com/mitchellh/gox
-- go get github.com/haya14busa/goverage
-- go get github.com/schrej/godacov
-
-# Install project dependencies with dep
-- dep ensure
-
-script:
-- make cross-build
-- goverage -v -coverprofile=coverage.out ./...
-- godacov -t $CODACY_TOKEN -r ./coverage.out -c $TRAVIS_COMMIT
-
-deploy:
-  provider: releases
-  api_key:
-    secure: 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
-  file_glob: true
-  file: build/*
-  on:
-    tags: true
-    branch: master
-
-notifications:
-  email: false
-  webhooks:
-    urls:
-      - https://misc.schrej.net/travistodiscord/pterodev.php
-    on_success: change
-    on_failure: always
-    on_error: always
-    on_cancel: always
-    on_start: never

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -0,0 +1,757 @@
+# Changelog
+
+## v1.11.10
+### Fixed
+* Archives randomly ignoring files and directories ([#5027](https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/issues/5027))
+* Crash when deleting or transferring a server ([#5028](https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/issues/5028))
+
+## v1.11.9
+### Changed
+* Release binaries are now built with Go 1.21.8
+* Updated Go dependencies
+
+### Fixed
+* [CVE-2024-27102](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-27102)
+
+## v1.11.8
+### Changed
+* Release binaries are now built with Go 1.20.10 (resolves [CVE-2023-44487](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-44487))
+* Updated Go dependencies
+
+## v1.11.7
+### Changed
+* Updated Go dependencies (this resolves an issue related to `http: invalid Host header` with Docker)
+* Wings is now built with go1.19.11
+
+## v1.11.6
+### Fixed
+* CVE-2023-32080
+
+## v1.11.5
+### Added
+* Added a config option to disable Wings config.yml updates from the Panel (https://github.com/pterodactyl/wings/commit/ec6d6d83ea3eb14995c24f001233e85b37ffb87b)
+
+### Changed
+* Wings is now built with Go 1.19.7
+
+### Fixed
+* Fixed archives containing partially matched file names (https://github.com/pterodactyl/wings/commit/43b3496f0001cec231c80af1f9a9b3417d04e8d4)
+
+## v1.11.4
+### Fixed
+* CVE-2023-25168
+
+## v1.11.3
+### Fixed
+* CVE-2023-25152
+
+## v1.11.2
+### Fixed
+* Backups being restored from remote storage (s3) erroring out due to a closed stream.
+* Fix IP validation logic for activity logs filtering out valid IPs instead of invalid IPs
+
+## v1.11.1
+### Changed
+* Release binaries are now built with Go 1.18.10
+* Timeout when stopping a server before a transfer begins has been reduced to 15 seconds from 1 minute
+* Removed insecure SSH protocols for use with the SFTP server
+
+### Fixed
+* Unnecessary Docker client connections being left open, causing a slow leak of file descriptors
+* Files being left open in parts of the server's filesystem, causing a leak of file descriptors
+* IPv6 addresses being corrupted by flawed port stripping logic for activity logs, old entries with malformed IPs will be deleted from the local SQLite database automatically
+* A server that times out while being stopped at the beginning of a transfer no longer causes the server to become stuck in a transferring state
+
+## v1.11.0
+### Added (since 1.7.2)
+* More detailed information returned by the `/api/system` endpoint when using the `?v=2` query parameter.
+
+### Changed (since 1.7.2)
+* Send re-installation status separately from installation status.
+* Wings release versions will now follow the major and minor version of the Panel.
+* Transfers no longer buffer to disk, instead they are fully streamed with only a small amount of memory used for buffering.
+* Release binaries are no longer compressed with UPX.
+* Use `POST` instead of `GET` for sending the status of a transfer to the Panel.
+
+### Fixed (since 1.7.2)
+* Fixed servers outgoing IP not being updated whenever a server's primary allocation is changed when using the Force Outgoing IP option.
+* Fixed servers being terminated rather than gracefully stopped when a signal is used to stop the container rather than a command.
+* Fixed file not found errors being treated as an internal error, they are now treated as a 404.
+* Wings can be run with Podman instead of Docker, this is still experimental and not recommended for production use.
+* Archive progress is now reported correctly.
+* Labels for containers can now be set by the Panel.
+* Fixed servers becoming deadlocked when the target node of a transfer goes offline.
+
+## v1.11.0-rc.2
+### Added
+* More detailed information returned by the `/api/system` endpoint when using the `?v=2` query parameter.
+
+### Changed
+* Send reinstallation status separately from installation status.
+
+### Fixed
+* Fixed servers outgoing IP not being updated whenever a server's primary allocation is changed when using the Force Outgoing IP option.
+* Fixed servers being terminated rather than gracefully stopped when a signal is used to stop the container rather than a command.
+* Fixed file not found errors being treated as an internal error, they are now treated as a 404.
+
+## v1.11.0-rc.1
+### Changed
+* Wings release versions will now follow the major and minor version of the panel.
+* Transfers no longer buffer to disk, instead they are fully streamed with only a small amount of memory used for buffering.
+* Release binaries are no longer compressed with UPX.
+
+### Fixed
+* Wings can be run with podman instead of Docker, this is still experimental and not recommended for production use.
+* Archive progress is now reported correctly.
+* Labels for containers can now be set by the Panel.
+
+## v1.7.5
+### Fixed
+* CVE-2023-32080
+
+## v1.7.4
+### Fixed
+* CVE-2023-25168
+
+## v1.7.3
+### Fixed
+* CVE-2023-25152
+
+## v1.7.2
+### Fixed
+* The S3 backup driver now supports Cloudflare R2
+
+### Added
+* During a server transfer, there is a new "Archiving" status that outputs the progress of creating the server transfer archive.
+* Adds a configuration option to control the list of trusted proxies that can be used to determine the client IP address.
+* Adds a configuration option to control the Docker username space setting when Wings creates containers.
+
+### Changed
+* Releases are now built using `Go 1.18` — the minimum version required to build Wings is now `Go 1.18`.
+
+## v1.7.1
+### Fixed
+* YAML parser has been updated to fix some strange issues
+
+### Added
+* Added `Force Outgoing IP` option for servers to ensure outgoing traffic uses the server's IP address
+* Adds an option to control the level of gzip compression for backups
+
+## v1.7.0
+### Fixed
+* Fixes multi-platform support for Wings' Docker image.
+
+### Added
+* Adds support for tracking of SFTP actions, power actions, server commands, and file uploads by utilizing a local SQLite database and processing events before sending them to the Panel.
+* Adds support for configuring the MTU on the `pterodactyl0` network.
+
+## v1.6.4
+### Fixed
+* Fixes a bug causing CPU limiting to not be properly applied to servers.
+* Fixes a bug causing zip archives to decompress without taking into account nested folder structures.
+
+## v1.6.3
+### Fixed
+* Fixes SFTP authentication failing for administrative users due to a permissions adjustment on the Panel.
+
+## v1.6.2
+### Fixed
+* Fixes file upload size not being properly enforced.
+* Fixes a bug that prevented listing a directory when it contained a named pipe. Also added a check to prevent attempting to read a named pipe directly.
+* Fixes a bug with the archiver logic that would include folders that had the same name prefix. (for example, requesting only `map` would also include `map2` and `map3`)
+* Requests to the Panel that return a client error (4xx response code) no longer trigger an exponential backoff, they immediately stop the request.
+
+### Changed
+* CPU limit fields are only set on the Docker container if they have been specified for the server — otherwise they are left empty.
+
+### Added
+* Added the ability to define the location of the temporary folder used by Wings — defaults to `/tmp/pterodactyl`.
+* Adds the ability to authenticate for SFTP using public keys (requires `Panel@1.8.0`).
+
+## v1.6.1
+### Fixed
+* Fixes error that would sometimes occur when starting a server that would cause the temporary power action lock to never be released due to a blocked channel.
+* Fixes a bug causing the CPU usage of Wings to get stuck at 100% when a server is deleted while the installation process is running.
+
+### Changed
+* Cleans up a lot of the logic for handling events between the server and environment process to make it easier to make modifications to down the road.
+* Cleans up logic handling the `StopAndWait` logic for stopping a server gracefully before terminating the process if it does not respond.
+
+## v1.6.0
+### Fixed
+* Internal logic for processing a server start event has been adjusted to attach to the Docker container before attempting to start the container. This should fix issues where a server would get stuck after pulling the container image.
+* Fixes a bug in the console output that was dropping console lines when a large number of lines were sent at once.
+
+### Changed
+* Removed the console throttle logic that would terminate a server instance that was sending too much data. This logic has been replaced with simpler logic that only throttles the console, it does not try to terminate the server. In addition, this change has reduced the number of go-routines needed by the application and dramatically simplified internal logic.
+* Removed the `--profiler` flag and replaced it with `--pprof` which will start an internal server listening on `localhost:6060` allowing you to use Go's standard `pprof` tooling.
+* Replaced the `json` log driver for Docker containers with `local` to reduce the amount of overhead when it comes to streaming logs from instances.
+
+## v1.5.6
+### Fixed
+* Rewrote handler logic for the power actions lock to hopefully address issues people have been having when a server crashes and they're unable to start it again until restarting Wings.
+* Fixes files uploaded with SFTP not being owned by the Pterodactyl user.
+* Fixes excessive memory usage when large lines are sent through the console event handler.
+
+### Changed
+* Replaced usage of `encoding/json` throughout the codebase with a more performant encoder (`goccy/go-json`) to hopefully improve overall performance for JSON operations.
+* Added custom `ContainerInspect` function to handle direct calls to Docker's CLI and make use of the new JSON encoder logic. This should reduce the total number of memory allocations and be more performant overall in a hot pathway.
+
+## v1.5.5
+### Fixed
+* Fixes sending to a closed channel when sending server logs over the websocket
+* Fixes `wings diagnostics` uploading no content
+* Fixes a panic caused by the event bus closing channels multiple times when a server is deleted
+
+## v1.5.4
+### Fixed
+* Fixes SSL paths being improperly converted to lowercase in environments where the path is case-sensitive.
+* Fixes a memory leak due to the implemention of server event processing.
+
+### Changed
+* Selecting to redact information now redacts URLs from the log output when running the diagnostic command.
+
+### Added
+* Adds support for modifying the default memory overhead percentages in environments where the shipped values are not adequate.
+* Adds support for sending the `Access-Control-Request-Private-Network` header in environments where Wings will be accessed over a private network. This is defaulted to `off`.
+
+## v1.5.3
+### Fixed
+* Fixes improper event registration and error handling during socket authentication that would cause the incorrect error message to be returned to the client, or no error in some scenarios. Event registration is now delayed until the socket is fully authenticated to ensure needless listeners are not registed.
+* Fixes dollar signs always being evaluated as environment variables with no way to escape them. They can now be escaped as `$$` which will transform into a single dollar sign.
+
+### Changed
+* A websocket connection to a server will be closed by Wings if there is a send error encountered and the client will be left to handle reconnections, rather than simply logging the error and continuing to listen for new events.
+
+## v1.5.2
+### Fixed
+* Fixes servers not properly re-syncing with the Panel if they are already running causing them to be hard-stopped when terminated, rather than stopped with the configured action.
+
+### Changed
+* Changes SFTP server implementation to use ED25519 server keys rather than deprecated SHA1 RSA keys.
+
+### Added
+* Adds server uptime output in the stats event emitted to the websocket.
+
+## v1.5.1
+### Added
+* Global configuration option for toggling server crash detection (`system.crash_detection.enabled`)
+* RPM specfile
+
+## v1.5.0
+### Fixed
+* Fixes a race condition when setting the application name in the console output for a server.
+* Fixes a server being reinstalled causing the `file_denylist` parameter for an Egg to be ignored until Wings is restarted.
+* Fixes YAML file parser not correctly setting boolean values.
+* Fixes potential issue where the underlying websocket connection is closed but the parent request context is not yet canceled causing a write over a closed connection.
+* Fixes race condition when closing all active websocket connections when a server is deleted.
+* Fixes logic to determine if a server's context is closed out and send a websocket close message to connected clients. Previously this fired off whenever the request itself was closed, and not when the server context was closed.
+
+### Added
+* Exposes `8080` in the default Docker setup to better support proxy tools.
+
+### Changed
+* Releases are now built using `Go 1.17` — the minimum version required to build Wings remains `Go 1.16`.
+* Simplifed the logic powering server updates to only pull information from the Panel rather than trying to accept updated values. All parts of Wings needing the most up-to-date server details should call `Server#Sync()` to fetch the latest stored build information.
+* `Installer#New()` no longer requires passing all of the server data as a byte slice, rather a new `Installer#ServerDetails` struct is exposed which can be passed and accepts a UUID and if the server should be started after the installer finishes.
+
+### Removed
+* Removes complicated (and unused) logic during the server installation process that was a hold-over from legacy Wings architectures.
+* Removes the `PATCH /api/servers/:server` endpoint — if you were previously using this API call it should be replaced with `POST /api/servers/:server/sync`.
+
+## v1.4.7
+### Fixed
+* SFTP access is now properly denied if a server is suspended.
+* Correctly uses `start_on_completion` and `crash_detection_enabled` for servers.
+
+## v1.4.6
+### Fixed
+* Environment variable starting with the same prefix no longer get merged into a single environment variable value (skipping all but the first).
+* The `start_on_completion` flag for server installs will now properly start the server.
+* Fixes socket files unintentionally causing backups to be aborted.
+* Files extracted from a backup now have their preior mode properly set on the restored files, rather than defaulting to 0644.
+* Fixes logrotate issues due to a bad user configuration on some systems.
+
+### Updated
+* The minimum Go version required to compile Wings is now `go1.16`.
+
+### Deprecated
+> Both of these deprecations will be removed in `Wings@2.0.0`.
+
+* The `Server.Id()` method has been deprecated in favor of `Server.ID()`.
+* The `directory` field on the `/api/servers/:server/files/pull` endpoint is deprecated and should be updated to use `root` instead for consistency with other endpoints.
+
+## v1.4.5
+### Changed
+* Upped the process limit for a container from `256` to `512` in order to address edge-cases for some games that spawn a lot of processes.
+
+## v1.4.4
+### Added
+* **[security]** Adds support for limiting the total number of pids any one container can have active at once to prevent malicious users from impacting other instances on the same node.
+* Server install containers now use the limits assigned to the server, or a globally defined minimum amount of memory and CPU rather than having unlimited resources.
+
+## v1.4.3
+This build was created to address `CVE-2021-33196` in `Go` which requires a new binary
+be built on the latest `go1.15` version.
+
+## v1.4.2
+### Fixed
+* Fixes the `~` character not being properly trimmed from container image names when creating a new server.
+
+### Changed
+* Implemented exponential backoff for S3 uploads when working with backups. This should resolve many issues with external S3 compatiable systems that sometimes return 5xx level errors that should be re-attempted automatically.
+* Implements exponential backoff behavior for all API calls to the Panel that do not immediately return a 401, 403, or 429 error response. This should address fragiligty in some API calls and address random call failures due to connection drops or random DNS resolution errors.
+
+## v1.4.1
+### Fixed
+* Fixes a bug that would cause the file unarchiving process to put all files in the base directory rather than the directory in which the files should be located.
+
+## v1.4.0
+### Fixed
+* **[Breaking]** Fixes `/api/servers` and `/api/servers/:server` not properly returning all of the relevant server information and resource usage.
+* Fixes Wings improperly reading `WINGS_UID` and not `WINGS_GID` when running in containerized environments.
+* Fixes a panic encountered when returning the contents of a file that is actively being written to by another process.
+* Corrected the handling of files that are being decompressed to properly support `.rar` files.
+* Fixes the error message returned when a server has run out of disk space to properly indicate such, rather than indicating that the file is a directory.
+
+### Changed
+* Improved the error handling and output when an error is encountered while pulling an image for a server.
+* Improved robustness of code handling value replacement in configuration files to not potentially panic if a non-string value is encountered as the replacement type.
+* Improves error handling throughout the server filesystem.
+
+### Added
+* Adds the ability to set the internal name of the application in response output from the console using the `app_name` key in the `config.yml` file.
+
+## v1.3.2
+### Fixed
+* Correctly sets the internal state of the server as restoring when a restore is being performed to avoid any accidental booting.
+
+## v1.3.1
+### Fixed
+* Fixes an error being returned to the client when attempting to restart a server when the container no longer exists on the machine.
+
+### Changed
+* Updated server transfer logic to use newer file archiving tools to avoid frequent errors when transferring symlinked files.
+
+## v1.3.0
+### Fixed
+* Fixes improper error handling when attempting to create a new Docker network.
+* Fixes edge-case crash that would occur when a user triggers an install for a server that does not currently have a data directory present on the system.
+* Fixes missing return on error when attempting to get the contents of a file from Wings.
+* Fixes certain stop signals not being properly handled and parsed by Wings.
+* Fixes server build settings not always being updated properly if set to their zero-value.
+* Fixes context leak when waiting on a server instance to be stopped.
+* Fix potential application panic when chowning a file if there is an error getting file details.
+* Fixes `Filesystem.Chown` unintentionally touching all of the files within a given directory tree which could cause some games to trigger a full refresh thinking files had been changed.
+* Fixes `Content-Disposition` header not being properly escaped causing some browsers to not report the correct filename on downloads.
+
+### Added
+* Adds support for restoring server backups (including remote backups) with the ability to reset the current file state for a server.
+* Adds underlying support for allowing Eggs to mark specific files (or patterns) as being inaccessible to users within the file manager.
+
+### Changed
+* Refactored SFTP subsystem to be less of a standalone package and more integrated with the underlying server logic in Wings. This significantly simplified the logic and makes it much easier to reason about.
+* Refactored much of the underlying API logic to be more extensible down the road, support automatic retries, and be more testable.
+* Refactored much of the underlying HTTP middleware logic to be packaged differently and easier to reason about in the codebase.
+* System defined `TZ` variable will be used if present rather than attempting to parse the timezone using `datetimectl`.
+* Improves error handling and reporting for server installation process to improve debugging in the future if things break.
+
+## v1.2.3
+### Fixed
+* **[Security]** Fixes a remaining security vulnerability in the code handling remote file downloads for servers relating to redirect validation.
+
+### Added
+* Adds a configuration key at `api.disable_remote_download` that can be set to `true` to completely download the remote download system.
+
+## v1.2.2
+### Fixed
+* Reverts changes to logic handling blocking until a server process is done running when polling stats. This change exposed a bug in the underlying Docker system causing servers to enter a state in which Wings was unable to terminate the process and Docker commands would hang if executed against the container.
+
+### Changed
+* Adds logic to handle a console stream unexpectedly returning an EOF when reading console logs. New code should automatically re-attach the stream avoiding issues where the console would stop live updating for servers.
+
+## v1.2.1
+### Fixed
+* Fixes servers not be properly marked as no longer transfering if an error occurs during the archive process.
+* Fixes problems with user detection when running Wings inside a Docker container.
+* Fixes filename decoding issues with multiple endpoints related to the file manager (namely move/copy/delete).
+* **[Security]** Fixes vulnerability allowing a malicious user to abuse the remote file download utilitity to scan or access resources on the local network.
+* Fixes network `tx` stats not correctly being reported (was previously reporting `rx` for both `rx` and `tx`).
+
+### Changed
+* Cleans up the logic related to polling resources for the server to make a little more sense and not do pointless `io.Copy()` operations.
+
+## v1.2.0
+### Fixed
+* Fixes log compression being set on the Docker containers being created to avoid errors on some versions of Docker.
+* Cleaned up logic handling server resource usage to avoid race conditions in the future and make the logic simpler.
+* Fixes directories being created when writing a file before checking if there was space for the file to even be written to the disk.
+* Significant performance and resource usage fixes to backups and server transfers to avoid obliterating machine `i/o` and causing excessive resource exhaustion on busy systems or low end machines.
+* Fixes server install process to not unintentionally exit and cause invalid states if a line during the install process was too long.
+* Fixes symlink error handling in backups to not unexpectedly tank a request. Any errors due to a symlink are now ignored and will not impact the generation of a backup (including for server transfers).
+
+### Changed
+* Changed `--debug` flag to no longer ignore certificate errors on requests. Use `--ignore-certificate-errors` to ignore any certificate errors encountered when in development environments.
+* Changed all Filesystem related errors to be of the same internal error type making error checking significantly easier and less error prone.
+* Improves log output stacktraces to be more accurate as to the source of the issue.
+
+### Added
+* Adds support for downloading files to a server's data directory and optionally checking the status of or canceling in-progress downloads.
+* Adds a `context.Context` to `server.Server` structs allowing for cancelation of long running background tasks when a server is deleted without additional complexity on developer's end.
+
+## v1.1.3
+### Fixed
+* Fixes `archive/tar: write too long` error when creating a server backup.
+* Fixes server installation docker images not using authentication properly during the pull.
+* Fixes temporary transfer files not being removed after the transfer is completed.
+* Fixes TLS certificate checking to be all lowercase to avoid any lookup issues when an all-caps domain is provided.
+* Fixes multiple interfaces with the same port not being publishable for a server.
+* Fixes errors encountered during websocket processes being incorrectly passed back to the Panel as a JWT error rather than a generic Wings error for admin users.
+
+### Added
+* Added logic to notify the Panel when archive generation fails.
+* Added endpoint to run `chmod` commands against server files and updated API response to include the mode bits when requesting files.
+
+### Changed
+* Updated internals to call `Server.Environment.State()` rather than deprecated `Server.GetState()` functions.
+* Improved error handling logic and massively simplified error passing around the codebase.
+
+## v1.1.2
+### Fixed
+* Fixes binaries built as part of the release process not being usable in MUSL based environments (such as our Docker images).
+* Fixes server states being incorrectly set back to offline when a server is started after a system restart.
+
+### Changed
+* Improved logic for cleaning `allowed_mount` paths for consistency.
+* Certain context cancelation deadline errors are no longer wrong reported at an error level (since they're expected).
+* Very minor micro-optimizations for some string handling with server console output.
+
+### Added
+* Added a hidden option to disable all disk checking for servers by setting the `disk_check_interval` to `0` in the config file.
+
+## v1.1.1
+### Fixed
+* Fixes certain files returning invalid data in the request due to a bad header set after sending data down the line.
+
+## v1.1.0
+This release **requires** `Panel@1.1.0` or later to run due to API changes.
+
+### Added
+* Adds support for denying client JWT access to specific token keys generated before Wings starts, or before an arbitrary date from an API call.
+* Adds support for a configurable number of log messages to be returned when connecting to a server socket and requesting the logs.
+* Adds support for both CPU and Memory profiling of Wings via a CLI argument.
+
+### Fixed
+* Errors encountered while uploading files to Wings are now properly reported back to the client rather than causing a generic 500 error.
+* Servers exceeding their disk limit are now properly stopped when they exceed limits while running.
+* Fixes server environment starting as an empty value rather than an "offline" value.
+
+### Changed
+* Cleaned up code internals for handling API requests to make it easier on new developers and use a more sane system.
+* Server configuration retrieval from the Panel is now done in a paginated loop rather than a single large call to allow systems with thousands of instances to boot properly.
+* Switches to multipart S3 uploads to handle backups larger than 5GB in size.
+* Switches the error handling package from `pkg/errors` to `emperror` to avoid overwriting existing stack traces associated with an error and provide additional functionality.
+
+## v1.0.1
+### Added
+* Adds support for ARM to build outputs for wings.
+
+### Fixed
+* Fixed a few docker clients not having version negotiation enabled.
+* Fixes local images prefixed with `~` getting pulled from remote sources rather than just using the local copy.
+* Fixes console output breaking with certain games when excessive line length was output.
+* Fixes an error when console lines were too long that would cause the console to stop updating until the server was restarted,
+
+### Changed
+* Simplified timezone logic for containers by properly grabbing the system timezone and then passing that through to containers with the `TZ=` environment variable.
+
+## v1.0.0
+This is the first official stable release of Wings! Please be aware that while this specific version changelog is very short,
+it technically includes all of the previous beta and alpha releases within it. For the sake of version history and following
+along though, I've only included the differences between this version and the previous RC build.
+
+### Fixed
+* Fixes file parser not properly appending newline character to modified lines.
+* Fixes server disk usage not being properly reported back to the API and websocket.
+
+### Changed
+* Changes diagnostics endpoint URL to be `ptero.co` rather than `hastebin.com`.
+* Diagnostics report now includes system time for easier debugging of logs and container issues.
+
+## v1.0.0-rc.7
+### Fixed
+* **[Security]** Prevents the `allowed_mounts` configuration value from being set by a remote API call.
+* Fixes an unexpected error when attempting to make a copy of an archive file.
+* Fixes certain expected filesystems errors being returned to the API as a 500 error rather than a 4XX series error.
+* Fixes a panic crash when there is no text on a line and the parser is attempting to determine if the line is a comment.
+* Fixes multiple filesystem operations to correctly check, increment, and decrement disk usage for a server.
+* Fixes a negative disk space usage issue when deleting a file due to a bad int swap.
+* Errors from a websocket connection being closed will no longer spam the console.
+* Fixes an extraneous `.` in the install script for servers causing errors in some scenarios.
+* Fixes unexpected error spam due to a change in how `os.ErrNotExist` is returned from some functions.
+
+### Changed
+* Stacktrace is no longer emitted when warning that an image exists locally.
+* Configuration parser now attempts to create the directory structure leading to a configuration file if it is missing.
+* If a file name is too long for the system a nice error is returned to the caller.
+* Enables client version negotiation for Docker to support more versions.
+* Disk space errors are no longer logged into the wings logs.
+* Servers can no longer be reinstalled while another power action is currently running. This avoids data collisions and wings running into issues with the container state.
+* Wings now uses `1024` rather than `1000` bytes when calculating the disk space usage for a server to match how the Panel reports usage.
+* JWT errors in the websocket are now sent back to the connection as a specific event type allowing them to be handled even if the timer fails to execute or executes but is not being listened for.
+* A server struct is no longer embedded in the virtual filesystem allowing for easier testing and modularization of the codebase.
+* Server websockets are now closed when a server is deleted, disconnecting any currently connected clients.
+
+### Removed
+* **[Security]** Removes the `SafeJoin` function which could wrongly assume the state of a file and allow a user to escape the root if the developer implementing the call calls `Stat` rather than `Lstat`.
+
+## v1.0.0-rc.6
+### Fixed
+* Fixes race condition when checking if the running state of a server has changed.
+* Fixes files mistakenly unpacking themselves to the root directory rather than the directory they are told to unpack to.
+* Fixes console output not being sent to the websocket in the same order that it was received.
+* Fixes a file busy error causing a 500 error response when unpacking an archive rather than a 400 error with a message indicating what is wrong to the user.
+* Fixes docker image not properly updating when a server is started.
+
+### Changed
+* Replaces fragile event bus logic with a more robust and easier to understand system. This fixes all remaining console and stats output issues that have been reported.
+* Cleans up API response error messaging to avoid empty errors being logged which cannot be acted upon.
+* Adds support for retrying a file write a few times with a back-off if the file is busy when the write occurs.
+
+### Added
+* Docker image pull data is shown in the console when an admin is connected to the websocket.
+* Adds console throttling to stop a server if too much data is being piped out of the console. This logic mimics the logic present in the old Nodejs daemon, but with a 2x line count limit (1000 -> 2000) per period.
+
+## v1.0.0-rc.5
+### Fixed
+* Fixes long standing bug with console output not properly sending back to the client with server stats in certain edge case scenarios. This was "fixed" in `rc.4` but ended up breaking many servers in significantly more painful manners, but did allow us to better track down the issue.
+* Fixes build flags during release process to correctly strip unnessary code allowing the final binary size to be reduced back down to `~5MB`
+* Fixes Wings returning the last `16384` lines of the log file when connecting to the websocket.
+* Fixes pre-boot actions always running for a server start event even if the server is already running.
+
+### Added
+* Adds support for configuring the amount of time that can elapse between server disk size checking before the value is considered stale.
+
+## v1.0.0-rc.4
+### Fixed
+* Fixes server files being inaccessible if the root data path is a symlink to another location on the machine.
+* Fixes some console output being written to the logs accidentally truncating other lines due to special ANSI sequences being output.
+* Fixes `server.properties` files getting mangled by the automatic configuration editor when booting a server.
+* Fixes a missed stream close when stopping resource polling that would lead to memory leaks.
+* Fixes port bindings being incorrectly re-assigned when using `127.0.0.1` with Docker. These are now properly re-mapped to the `pterodactyl0` interface so that networking operates as expected for the server.
+* Fixes handling of values within arrays in `yaml` and `json` configuration files.
+* Fixes a 304 error being returned rather than a 400 error when a file upload is invalid.
+* Fixes deadlocks and response delays when processing server console and stat events. This was causing server consoles to become completely unresponsive after random periods of time and was only resolvable via a Wings restart.
+
+### Changed
+* Allows a stale value to be present when starting a server if the server is allowed an unlimited amount of disk space.
+* Removed all remaining traces of the `zap` logging library from the codebase.
+* Servers no longer auto-restart as if they crashed when a stop command is manually sent via the server console to the instance.
+* Changes the CORS checks to allow `*` as a remote origin.
+
+### Added
+* Added an auto-generated logrotate file which is written to the normal logrotate directory when wings is first started.
+* Added additional debug logging within the internals of the resource polling for servers to better trace unexpected behavior.
+* Adds additional logic check to avoid even trying to stop a suspended server if it is already stopped.
+
+## v1.0.0-rc.3
+### Fixed
+* Errors during the backup process are now correctly reported to the Panel and logged into the output correctly.
+* Empty directories are no longer pushed into the backup file list (which was causing errors to occur previously).
+* Covered an edge case to prevent errors if a file gets deleted while a backup is in progress.
+* Fixed a bug causing Wings to panic and crash if an invalid environment variable value was passed through. These invalid values are now logged to the output to better detect and an empty string is returned in their place.
+* Fixed startup variables and other server information not properly being updated when a server is restarted.
+* Suspension state of a server is now properly returned by the API.
+* Fixes an error being thrown if a backup does not exist on the local machine. A 404 is now properly returned and handled by the Panel when this occurs.
+* Fixes an error when attempting to move or rename a folder due to the target being created accidentally before the rename occurred.
+* Fixes install scripts running even when the checkbox to not run them on installation was selected in the Panel.
+
+### Changed
+* Disk space checking modified to not block in as many parts of the codebase and allow returning a stale cache value where that is appropriate. Thanks @cyberkitsune!
+* SFTP package code is now merged into the codebase to make keeping up with all of the code simpler, and reduce the complexity of the SFTP server.
+
+### Added
+* Added the ability for a node to be configured to skip file permissions checking when starting a server.
+* Added console output message to indicate that server disk space checking is occurring rather than silently sitting there.
+
+## v1.0.0-rc.2
+### Fixed
+* Fixes significant performance degradation due to excessive `syscall` actions when determining directory sizes on large servers. This was previously causing CPU & I/O lockups on servers and should be significantly more performant and less impactful on the system now.
+* Fixes panic crash when booting wings with no log directory created.
+
+### Changed
+* Changed default interval for disk space calculation from every 60 seconds to every 2.5 minutes.
+
+## v1.0.0-rc.1
+### Fixed
+* Servers are no longer incorrectly marked as stopping when they are, in fact, offline.
+* Release build version is now correctly output when starting wings.
+* Termination signals can now always be sent to a server instance even if the instance is currently starting/stopping.
+* Removed the file chown on wings boot to avoid slowing down the boot process unnecessarily when working with hundreds of servers on a node.
+* Fixed a multitude of race conditions throughout the code that cropped up during testing and made power handling even more robust for server instances.
+* In general multiple fragile areas of the codebase have been improved and are more likely to return useful errors should they break.
+* Addressed serious CPU usage issues when generating backups, and additionally decreased the amount of time they take to generate.
+
+### Changed
+* Internal server now uses more secure and recommended TLS settings.
+* Environment handling is now completely separate from the server package itself, allowing the environments to no longer be tightly coupled to the server.
+* `/tmp` directory mounted into containers can now be programmatically managed and uses better defaults to avoid people even needing to edit it.
+
+### Added
+* Wings logs are now properly persisted to the disk.
+* Adds the ability for an egg to use ANSI-stripped matching when determining if a server is done booting.
+
+## v1.0.0-beta.9
+### Fixed
+* Fixes server resource usage stats not being returned correctly by the API endpoint.
+* Fixes an exception thrown when attempting to write server installation logs.
+* Fixes error handling to provide a more accurate stack-trace in more scenarios where one is missing initially.
+* Fixes a memory leak and zombie event listeners when disconnecting from a server's websocket.
+* Fixes a race condition when wings is attempting to register/de-register event subscribers.
+* Server data directories now correctly have their permissions set recursively when booting Wings.
+* Fixes a race condition when a server's console stream was not fully closed before the next power action was started.
+
+### Changed
+* Server power handling is now handled in a synchronous manner. This avoids endless bugs and race conditions that would crop up if someone triggered two restart processes back to back. The new logic prevents performing any additional power actions until the currently executing action is completed.
+* Server disk usage is now correctly calculated when restarting the daemon as long as the server data directory exists.
+* Multiple code pathways within the boot process were cleaned up and modified to be less IO intensive and overall easier to reason about as a developer.
+* Additional timezone data is now mounted into containers to better improve the ability for instances running to be using the correct timezone.
+
+### Added
+* Adds basic internal file upload endpoints (these are currently not exposed anywhere in the Panel).
+* Added additional process events for installation start and completion.
+* Additional CORS allowed origins for the websocket can now be defined in the configuration file.
+* Adds the ability to authenticate with a docker registry when pulling images.
+
+## v1.0.0-beta.8
+### Fixed
+* Server state is synced with the Panel before performing a reinstall to ensure that the latest information is used.
+* Wings no longer crashes when a non-string environment variable value is passed through.
+* SFTP server authentication no longer attempts to contact the Panel to validate credentials if the format is known to already be incorrect.
+* Some previously missing error stacks are now properly returned when encountered.
+* Renaming a file no longer triggers an error if the base path does not exist.
+* Disk space is now properly calculated for a server even if it is assigned unlimited space.
+* **[Security]** Prevent symlink files from unintentionally chmodding their target file when a server is booted when the target file resides outside the server data directory.
+* **[Security]** Cleans up multiple code pathways that may unintentionally allow a malicious user to impact files outside their home directory.
+* Fixes numerous race conditions during a server's boot process that may lead to unintended data states.
+* Fixes an error thrown when attempting to delete a file that points to a symlink outside the server data directory.
+* Deleting a symlink will no longer attempt to remove the source file, only the symlink itself.
+* Websocket no longer blocks when handling a long running process for a user.
+
+### Changed
+* Install log for servers is now more detailed and more useful for debugging what might be going wrong.
+* Certain file management API endpoints now support passing through multiple paths at once to make mass actions easier to perform.
+* Re-worked file walking implementation to not cause a server crash when working with very large directories, and avoid race conditions when recursively walking directories.
+* Server configuration structure re-worked to be more manageable in the code base and avoid additional race conditions and complexity while making on-the-fly changes to it.
+
+### Added
+* Support for configuring additional file mount points in a container via the Panel.
+* Support for automated SSL certificate generation when booting the Daemon.
+* Added wings diagnostics command.
+* New API endpoints to compress and decompress files on a server.
+
+## v1.0.0-beta.7
+### Fixed
+* Stacktraces are now displayed once in the error output, rather than twice when certain errors are encountered.
+* Additional errors that did not previously output a stack trace have been fixed to output.
+* Fixes a bug where server space available would be triggered when creating a new server from a remote configuration before that file location existed on the disk, leading to an error.
+* Fixes context timeouts while pulling server docker images. Time was upped from 10 seconds to 15 minutes.
+* Configuration file replacement values are now properly de-escaped when writing to the disk. `\/no\/more\/slashes`
+* `.properties` files are now saved correctly to the disk with newlines, rather than shoved on a single line.
+* `./wings configure` command can now properly save the configuration to the disk.
+* Custom SSL locations are no longer obliterated when making changes to the Node's configuration via the Panel.
+
+### Changed
+* Exclusive lock is now acquired when performing a server installation to avoid two install processes being triggered at the same time. This also allows an install to be properly canceled if the server is deleted before it is completed.
+
+## v1.0.0-beta.6
+### Fixed
+* Server status is no longer sent to all connected websocket clients when a new client connects to the socket.
+* Server disk usage is sent back over the socket when connecting.
+* Default configuration for the SFTP server is now properly returned to `on` rather than `off`
+* Server boot is no longer blocked if there is an error fetching the Docker image as long as that image exists on the host.
+* The websocket no longer gets locked up when Wings attempts to send an error to the client.
+* Fixed a crash loop when an error is thrown during pre-boot phase of server startup.
+* Errors with `BindJSON` in API endpoints are now properly handled and returned.
+* Fixed warning about Gin running in non-release mode, even when the binary is running in release mode.
+
+### Changed
+* Switched logging libraries to output data in a clearer format more suited to the CLI where this application runs.
+* Cleaner debug messaging in debug mode from the router.
+
+## v1.0.0-beta.5
+### Fixed
+* Default config location settled on `/etc/pterodactyl/config.yml`; wings will now check all of the previous locations for the configuration and move it automatically to the new location.
+* Deleting a server no longer fails the process if the container cannot be found.
+* Fixes permissions checking for subusers connecting to the SFTP instance.
+* S3 backups now properly send back hash data to the panel.
+* Server installation containers are now always deleted, even if the installer process fails for the instance.
+* Files and folders with special characters and spaces in them no longer return a 404 error.
+* Servers using eggs with bad configurations will no longer cause the daemon to fail booting; these bad configurations are simply skipped over and a warning is emitted into the logs.
+* Environment variables passed to containers no longer contain improper quotes around them.
+* Matching on array indexes in configurations now works correctly; `foo[0]` is quietly transformed into the proper `foo.0` syntax.
+
+### Added
+* New banner error message when the daemon is unable to locate the configuration file. This should better clarify what the user needs to do in order to resolve the issue.
+* Adds ability to configure the default networking driver used by docker.
+
+## v1.0.0-beta.4
+### Fixed
+* Fixes unexpected nil-pointer panic when attempting to start some newly created servers, or any server that was missing a container on the system.
+* Fixes memory usage of process being reported differently than the `docker stats` output leading to some confusion. These numbers should be more correct now.
+* Fixes possible nil-pointer panic when detecting a deleted container as being crashed.
+
+## v1.0.0-beta.3
+### Fixed
+* Daemon will no longer crash if someone requests a websocket for a deleted server.
+* Temporary directories are now created properly if missing during the server installation process.
+
+### Added
+* Added support for using Amazon S3 as a backup location for archives.
+
+### Changed
+* Memory overhead for containers is now 5/10/15% higher than the passed limit to account for JVM heap and prevent crashing.
+
+## v1.0.0-beta.2
+### Changed
+* Backup functionality made significantly more modular to ease adding additional methods in the future.
+* Websocket permissions changed to use same name as in panel.
+* Container memory hard-limits are now adjusted up by 15% (< 2G memory), 10% (< 4G memory), or 5% to avoid unexpected OOM crashes for memory heavy games.
+* Wings executable is now 80% smaller thanks to better compilation arguments.
+
+### Added
+* Adds support for ignoring files and directories when generating a new backup.
+* Added internal directory walker with callback-continue support.
+
+### Fixed
+* Fixed linux distro matching when booting the daemon.
+* Fixes DNS to be configurable for docker containers that are made for servers.
+* Fixes incorrect file truncation when making modifications to a server's configuration files.
+
+## v1.0.0-beta.1
+### Added
+* Added support for passing specific threads to the docker environment when running a server.
+* Added support for reinstalling an existing server.
+* Added support for restarting a server.
+* Adds support for transferring servers between daemon instances.
+* Added auto-deploy command to fetch configuration from Panel automatically.
+
+### Changed
+* Server file and backup downloads now hit a direct endpoint with a one-time JWT to avoid proxying large downloads through the panel.
+
+### Fixed
+* Fixes a go routine causing a memory and CPU leak.
+* Fixed improper chown of server directories on boot.
+* Miscellaneous fixes to CPU usage, abandoned go-routines, and race conditions.
+* Fixes support for Alpine based systems.
+
+## v1.0.0-alpha.2
+### Added
+* Ability to run an installation process for a server and notify the panel when completed.
+* Output from the installation process is now emitted over the server console for administrative users to view.
+
+### Fixed
+* Fixed bugs caused when unmarshaling data into a struct with default values.
+* Timezone is properly set in containers by using the `TZ=` environment variable rather than mounting timezone data into the filesystem.
+* Server data directly is now properly created when running the install process.
+* Time drift caused in the socket JWT is now handled in a better manner and less likely to unexpectedly error out.

Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# Stage 1 (Build)
+FROM golang:1.21.8-alpine AS builder
+
+ARG VERSION
+RUN apk add --update --no-cache git make
+WORKDIR /app/
+COPY go.mod go.sum /app/
+RUN go mod download
+COPY . /app/
+RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 go build \
+    -ldflags="-s -w -X github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system.Version=$VERSION" \
+    -v \
+    -trimpath \
+    -o wings \
+    wings.go
+RUN echo "ID=\"distroless\"" > /etc/os-release
+
+# Stage 2 (Final)
+FROM gcr.io/distroless/static:latest
+COPY --from=builder /etc/os-release /etc/os-release
+
+COPY --from=builder /app/wings /usr/bin/
+CMD [ "/usr/bin/wings", "--config", "/etc/pterodactyl/config.yml" ]
+
+EXPOSE 8080

LICENSE

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 MIT License
 
-Copyright (c) 2019 Dane Everitt <dane@daneeveritt.com>
+Copyright (c) 2018 - 2021 Dane Everitt <dane@daneeveritt.com> and Contributors
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal

Makefile

@@ -1,28 +1,22 @@
-BINARY = "build/wings"
+GIT_HEAD = $(shell git rev-parse HEAD | head -c8)
-OSARCHLIST = "darwin/386 darwin/amd64 linux/386 linux/amd64 linux/arm linux/arm64 windows/386 windows/amd64"
 
-all: $(BINARY)
+build:
+	GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 go build -ldflags="-s -w" -gcflags "all=-trimpath=$(pwd)" -o build/wings_linux_amd64 -v wings.go
+	GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm64 go build -ldflags="-s -w" -gcflags "all=-trimpath=$(pwd)" -o build/wings_linux_arm64 -v wings.go
 
-$(BINARY):
+debug:
-	go build -o $(BINARY)
+	go build -ldflags="-X github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system.Version=$(GIT_HEAD)"
+	sudo ./wings --debug --ignore-certificate-errors --config config.yml --pprof --pprof-block-rate 1
 
-cross-build:
+# Runs a remotly debuggable session for Wings allowing an IDE to connect and target
-	gox -osarch $(OSARCHLIST) -output "build/{{.Dir}}_{{.OS}}_{{.Arch}}"
+# different breakpoints.
+rmdebug:
+	go build -gcflags "all=-N -l" -ldflags="-X github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system.Version=$(GIT_HEAD)" -race
+	sudo dlv --listen=:2345 --headless=true --api-version=2 --accept-multiclient exec ./wings -- --debug --ignore-certificate-errors --config config.yml
 
-.PHONY: install
+cross-build: clean build compress
-install:
-	go install
 
-test:
+clean:
-	go test `go list ./... | grep -v "/vendor/"`
+	rm -rf build/wings_*
 
-coverage:
+.PHONY: all build compress clean
-	goverage -coverprofile=coverage.out ./...
-	go tool cover -html=coverage.out
-
-dependencies:
-	glide install
-
-install-tools:
-	go get -u github.com/mitchellh/gox
-	go get -u github.com/haya14busa/goverage

README.md

@@ -1,16 +1,40 @@
-# Alpha Project
+[![Logo Image](https://cdn.pterodactyl.io/logos/new/pterodactyl_logo.png)](https://pterodactyl.io)
-Please refrain from opening PRs or Issues at this time. This project is still under heavy development, and until we have a solid foundation and plan for how everything will connect, we will not be accepting PRs or feature suggestions.
 
-# Pterodactyl wings [![travis](https://img.shields.io/travis/pterodactyl/wings.svg?style=flat-square)](https://travis-ci.org/pterodactyl/wings) [![codacy quality](https://img.shields.io/codacy/grade/27a1576bda86450f853b1052b12fa570.svg?style=flat-square)](https://www.codacy.com/app/schrej/wings/dashboard) [![codacy coverage](https://img.shields.io/codacy/coverage/27a1576bda86450f853b1052b12fa570.svg?style=flat-square)](https://www.codacy.com/app/schrej/wings/files)
+![Discord](https://img.shields.io/discord/122900397965705216?label=Discord&logo=Discord&logoColor=white)
+![GitHub Releases](https://img.shields.io/github/downloads/pterodactyl/wings/latest/total)
+[![Go Report Card](https://goreportcard.com/badge/github.com/pterodactyl/wings)](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/pterodactyl/wings)
 
-```
+# Pterodactyl Wings
-                     ____
-__ Pterodactyl _____/___/_______ _______ ______
-\_____\    \/\/    /   /       /  __   /   ___/
-   \___\          /   /   /   /  /_/  /___   /
-        \___/\___/___/___/___/___    /______/
-                            /_______/ alpha
-```
 
-A new generation of the Pterodactyl daemon, written in go.
+Wings is Pterodactyl's server control plane, built for the rapidly changing gaming industry and designed to be
+highly performant and secure. Wings provides an HTTP API allowing you to interface directly with running server
+instances, fetch server logs, generate backups, and control all aspects of the server lifecycle.
 
+In addition, Wings ships with a built-in SFTP server allowing your system to remain free of Pterodactyl specific
+dependencies, and allowing users to authenticate with the same credentials they would normally use to access the Panel.
+
+## Sponsors
+
+I would like to extend my sincere thanks to the following sponsors for helping fund Pterodactyl's development.
+[Interested in becoming a sponsor?](https://github.com/sponsors/matthewpi)
+
+| Company                                                   | About                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
+|-----------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| [**Aussie Server Hosts**](https://aussieserverhosts.com/) | No frills Australian Owned and operated High Performance Server hosting for some of the most demanding games serving Australia and New Zealand.                                                       |
+| [**BisectHosting**](https://www.bisecthosting.com/)       | BisectHosting provides Minecraft, Valheim and other server hosting services with the highest reliability and lightning fast support since 2012.                                                       |
+| [**MineStrator**](https://minestrator.com/)               | Looking for the most highend French hosting company for your minecraft server? More than 24,000 members on our discord trust us. Give us a try!                                                       |
+| [**VibeGAMES**](https://vibegames.net/)                   | VibeGAMES is a game server provider that specializes in DDOS protection for the games we offer. We have multiple locations in the US, Brazil, France, Germany, Singapore, Australia and South Africa. |
+| [**HostEZ**](https://hostez.io)                           | US & EU Rust & Minecraft Hosting. DDoS Protected bare metal, VPS and colocation with low latency, high uptime and maximum availability. EZ!                                                           |
+
+## Documentation
+
+* [Panel Documentation](https://pterodactyl.io/panel/1.0/getting_started.html)
+* [Wings Documentation](https://pterodactyl.io/wings/1.0/installing.html)
+* [Community Guides](https://pterodactyl.io/community/about.html)
+* Or, get additional help [via Discord](https://discord.gg/pterodactyl)
+
+## Reporting Issues
+
+Please use the [pterodactyl/panel](https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel) repository to report any issues or make
+feature requests for Wings. In addition, the [security policy](https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/security/policy) listed
+within that repository also applies to Wings.

api/api.go

@@ -1,143 +0,0 @@
-package api
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
-	"go.uber.org/zap"
-	"io/ioutil"
-	"net/http"
-	"strings"
-	"time"
-)
-
-// Initalizes the requester instance.
-func NewRequester() *PanelRequest {
-	return &PanelRequest{
-		Response: nil,
-	}
-}
-
-type PanelRequest struct {
-	Response *http.Response
-}
-
-// Builds the base request instance that can be used with the HTTP client.
-func (r *PanelRequest) GetClient() *http.Client {
-	return &http.Client{Timeout: time.Second * 30}
-}
-
-func (r *PanelRequest) SetHeaders(req *http.Request) *http.Request {
-	req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/vnd.pterodactyl.v1+json")
-	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
-	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+config.Get().AuthenticationToken)
-
-	return req
-}
-
-func (r *PanelRequest) GetEndpoint(endpoint string) string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf(
-		"%s/api/remote/%s",
-		strings.TrimSuffix(config.Get().PanelLocation, "/"),
-		strings.TrimPrefix(strings.TrimPrefix(endpoint, "/"), "api/remote/"),
-	)
-}
-
-func (r *PanelRequest) Get(url string) (*http.Response, error) {
-	c := r.GetClient()
-
-	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, r.GetEndpoint(url), nil)
-	req = r.SetHeaders(req)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	zap.S().Debugw("GET request to endpoint", zap.String("endpoint", r.GetEndpoint(url)), zap.Any("headers", req.Header))
-
-	return c.Do(req)
-}
-
-func (r *PanelRequest) Post(url string, data []byte) (*http.Response, error) {
-	c := r.GetClient()
-
-	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, r.GetEndpoint(url), bytes.NewBuffer(data))
-	req = r.SetHeaders(req)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	zap.S().Debugw("POST request to endpoint", zap.String("endpoint", r.GetEndpoint(url)), zap.Any("headers", req.Header))
-
-	return c.Do(req)
-}
-
-// Determines if the API call encountered an error. If no request has been made
-// the response will be false.
-func (r *PanelRequest) HasError() bool {
-	if r.Response == nil {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	return r.Response.StatusCode >= 300 || r.Response.StatusCode < 200
-}
-
-// Reads the body from the response and returns it, then replaces it on the response
-// so that it can be read again later.
-func (r *PanelRequest) ReadBody() ([]byte, error) {
-	var b []byte
-	if r.Response == nil {
-		return nil, errors.New("no response exists on interface")
-	}
-
-	if r.Response.Body != nil {
-		b, _ = ioutil.ReadAll(r.Response.Body)
-	}
-
-	r.Response.Body = ioutil.NopCloser(bytes.NewBuffer(b))
-
-	return b, nil
-}
-
-func (r *PanelRequest) HttpResponseCode() int {
-	if r.Response == nil {
-		return 0
-	}
-
-	return r.Response.StatusCode
-}
-
-type RequestError struct {
-	Code   string `json:"code"`
-	Status string `json:"status"`
-	Detail string `json:"detail"`
-}
-
-// Returns the error response in a string form that can be more easily consumed.
-func (re *RequestError) String() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%s: %s (HTTP/%s)", re.Code, re.Detail, re.Status)
-}
-
-type RequestErrorBag struct {
-	Errors []RequestError `json:"errors"`
-}
-
-// Returns the error message from the API call as a string. The error message will be formatted
-// similar to the below example:
-//
-// HttpNotFoundException: The requested resource does not exist. (HTTP/404)
-func (r *PanelRequest) Error() *RequestError {
-	body, _ := r.ReadBody()
-
-	bag := RequestErrorBag{}
-	json.Unmarshal(body, &bag)
-
-	if len(bag.Errors) == 0 {
-		return new(RequestError)
-	}
-
-	return &bag.Errors[0]
-}

api/server_endpoints.go

@@ -1,124 +0,0 @@
-package api
-
-import (
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/parser"
-)
-
-const (
-	ProcessStopCommand    = "command"
-	ProcessStopSignal     = "signal"
-	ProcessStopNativeStop = "stop"
-)
-
-// Holds the server configuration data returned from the Panel. When a server process
-// is started, Wings communicates with the Panel to fetch the latest build information
-// as well as get all of the details needed to parse the given Egg.
-//
-// This means we do not need to hit Wings each time part of the server is updated, and
-// the Panel serves as the source of truth at all times. This also means if a configuration
-// is accidentally wiped on Wings we can self-recover without too much hassle, so long
-// as Wings is aware of what servers should exist on it.
-type ServerConfigurationResponse struct {
-	Settings             json.RawMessage       `json:"settings"`
-	ProcessConfiguration *ProcessConfiguration `json:"process_configuration"`
-}
-
-// Defines the process configuration for a given server instance. This sets what the
-// daemon is looking for to mark a server as done starting, what to do when stopping,
-// and what changes to make to the configuration file for a server.
-type ProcessConfiguration struct {
-	Startup struct {
-		Done            string   `json:"done"`
-		UserInteraction []string `json:"userInteraction"`
-	} `json:"startup"`
-	Stop struct {
-		Type  string `json:"type"`
-		Value string `json:"value"`
-	} `json:"stop"`
-	ConfigurationFiles []parser.ConfigurationFile `json:"configs"`
-}
-
-// Defines installation script information for a server process. This is used when
-// a server is installed for the first time, and when a server is marked for re-installation.
-type InstallationScript struct {
-	ContainerImage string `json:"container_image"`
-	Entrypoint     string `json:"entrypoint"`
-	Script         string `json:"script"`
-}
-
-// Fetches the server configuration and returns the struct for it.
-func (r *PanelRequest) GetServerConfiguration(uuid string) (*ServerConfigurationResponse, *RequestError, error) {
-	resp, err := r.Get(fmt.Sprintf("/servers/%s", uuid))
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
-
-	r.Response = resp
-
-	if r.HasError() {
-		return nil, r.Error(), nil
-	}
-
-	res := &ServerConfigurationResponse{}
-	b, _ := r.ReadBody()
-
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(b, res); err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-
-	return res, nil, nil
-}
-
-// Fetches installation information for the server process.
-func (r *PanelRequest) GetInstallationScript(uuid string) (InstallationScript, *RequestError, error) {
-	res := InstallationScript{}
-
-	resp, err := r.Get(fmt.Sprintf("/servers/%s/install", uuid))
-	if err != nil {
-		return res, nil, errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
-
-	r.Response = resp
-
-	if r.HasError() {
-		return res, r.Error(), nil
-	}
-
-	b, _ := r.ReadBody()
-
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(b, &res); err != nil {
-		return res, nil, errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-
-	return res, nil, nil
-}
-
-type installRequest struct {
-	Successful bool `json:"successful"`
-}
-
-// Marks a server as being installed successfully or unsuccessfully on the panel.
-func (r *PanelRequest) SendInstallationStatus(uuid string, successful bool) (*RequestError, error) {
-	b, err := json.Marshal(installRequest{Successful: successful})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-
-	resp, err := r.Post(fmt.Sprintf("/servers/%s/install", uuid), b)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
-
-	r.Response = resp
-	if r.HasError() {
-		return r.Error(), nil
-	}
-
-	return nil, nil
-}

api/sftp_endpoints.go

@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-package api
-
-import (
-	"encoding/json"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/sftp-server"
-)
-
-func (r *PanelRequest) ValidateSftpCredentials(request sftp_server.AuthenticationRequest) (*sftp_server.AuthenticationResponse, error) {
-	b, err := json.Marshal(request)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	resp, err := r.Post("/sftp/auth", b)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
-
-	r.Response = resp
-
-	if r.HasError() {
-		if r.HttpResponseCode() == 403 {
-			return nil, sftp_server.InvalidCredentialsError{}
-		}
-
-		return nil, errors.WithStack(errors.New(r.Error().String()))
-	}
-
-	response := new(sftp_server.AuthenticationResponse)
-	body, _ := r.ReadBody()
-
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, response); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return response, nil
-}

cmd/configure.go

@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"regexp"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2"
+	"github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2/terminal"
+	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+)
+
+var configureArgs struct {
+	PanelURL      string
+	Token         string
+	ConfigPath    string
+	Node          string
+	Override      bool
+	AllowInsecure bool
+}
+
+var nodeIdRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^(\d+)$`)
+
+var configureCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "configure",
+	Short: "Use a token to configure wings automatically",
+	Run:   configureCmdRun,
+}
+
+func init() {
+	configureCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&configureArgs.PanelURL, "panel-url", "p", "", "The base URL for this daemon's panel")
+	configureCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&configureArgs.Token, "token", "t", "", "The API key to use for fetching node information")
+	configureCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&configureArgs.Node, "node", "n", "", "The ID of the node which will be connected to this daemon")
+	configureCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&configureArgs.ConfigPath, "config-path", "c", config.DefaultLocation, "The path where the configuration file should be made")
+	configureCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&configureArgs.Override, "override", false, "Set to true to override an existing configuration for this node")
+	configureCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&configureArgs.AllowInsecure, "allow-insecure", false, "Set to true to disable certificate checking")
+}
+
+func configureCmdRun(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+	if configureArgs.AllowInsecure {
+		http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport).TLSClientConfig = &tls.Config{
+			InsecureSkipVerify: true,
+		}
+	}
+
+	if _, err := os.Stat(configureArgs.ConfigPath); err == nil && !configureArgs.Override {
+		survey.AskOne(&survey.Confirm{Message: "Override existing configuration file"}, &configureArgs.Override)
+		if !configureArgs.Override {
+			fmt.Println("Aborting process; a configuration file already exists for this node.")
+			os.Exit(1)
+		}
+	} else if err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	var questions []*survey.Question
+	if configureArgs.PanelURL == "" {
+		questions = append(questions, &survey.Question{
+			Name:   "PanelURL",
+			Prompt: &survey.Input{Message: "Panel URL: "},
+			Validate: func(ans interface{}) error {
+				if str, ok := ans.(string); ok {
+					_, err := url.ParseRequestURI(str)
+					return err
+				}
+				return nil
+			},
+		})
+	}
+
+	if configureArgs.Token == "" {
+		questions = append(questions, &survey.Question{
+			Name:   "Token",
+			Prompt: &survey.Input{Message: "API Token: "},
+			Validate: func(ans interface{}) error {
+				if str, ok := ans.(string); ok {
+					if len(str) == 0 {
+						return fmt.Errorf("please provide a valid authentication token")
+					}
+				}
+				return nil
+			},
+		})
+	}
+
+	if configureArgs.Node == "" {
+		questions = append(questions, &survey.Question{
+			Name:   "Node",
+			Prompt: &survey.Input{Message: "Node ID: "},
+			Validate: func(ans interface{}) error {
+				if str, ok := ans.(string); ok {
+					if !nodeIdRegex.Match([]byte(str)) {
+						return fmt.Errorf("please provide a valid authentication token")
+					}
+				}
+				return nil
+			},
+		})
+	}
+
+	if err := survey.Ask(questions, &configureArgs); err != nil {
+		if err == terminal.InterruptErr {
+			return
+		}
+
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	c := &http.Client{
+		Timeout: time.Second * 30,
+	}
+
+	req, err := getRequest()
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	fmt.Printf("%+v", req.Header)
+	fmt.Printf(req.URL.String())
+
+	res, err := c.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Println("Failed to fetch configuration from the panel.\n", err.Error())
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+	defer res.Body.Close()
+
+	if res.StatusCode == http.StatusForbidden || res.StatusCode == http.StatusUnauthorized {
+		fmt.Println("The authentication credentials provided were not valid.")
+		os.Exit(1)
+	} else if res.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		b, _ := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
+
+		fmt.Println("An error occurred while processing this request.\n", string(b))
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+
+	b, err := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
+
+	cfg, err := config.NewAtPath(configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(b, cfg); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	if err = config.WriteToDisk(cfg); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	fmt.Println("Successfully configured wings.")
+}
+
+func getRequest() (*http.Request, error) {
+	u, err := url.Parse(configureArgs.PanelURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	u.Path = path.Join(u.Path, fmt.Sprintf("api/application/nodes/%s/configuration", configureArgs.Node))
+
+	r, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, u.String(), nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	r.Header.Set("Accept", "application/vnd.pterodactyl.v1+json")
+	r.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	r.Header.Set("Authorization", fmt.Sprintf("Bearer %s", configureArgs.Token))
+
+	return r, nil
+}

cmd/diagnostics.go

@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2"
+	"github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2/terminal"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/parsers/kernel"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/parsers/operatingsystem"
+	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/environment"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/loggers/cli"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
+)
+
+const (
+	DefaultHastebinUrl = "https://ptero.co"
+	DefaultLogLines    = 200
+)
+
+var diagnosticsArgs struct {
+	IncludeEndpoints   bool
+	IncludeLogs        bool
+	ReviewBeforeUpload bool
+	HastebinURL        string
+	LogLines           int
+}
+
+func newDiagnosticsCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	command := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "diagnostics",
+		Short: "Collect and report information about this Wings instance to assist in debugging.",
+		PreRun: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+			initConfig()
+			log.SetHandler(cli.Default)
+		},
+		Run: diagnosticsCmdRun,
+	}
+
+	command.Flags().StringVar(&diagnosticsArgs.HastebinURL, "hastebin-url", DefaultHastebinUrl, "the url of the hastebin instance to use")
+	command.Flags().IntVar(&diagnosticsArgs.LogLines, "log-lines", DefaultLogLines, "the number of log lines to include in the report")
+
+	return command
+}
+
+// diagnosticsCmdRun collects diagnostics about wings, its configuration and the node.
+// We collect:
+// - wings and docker versions
+// - relevant parts of daemon configuration
+// - the docker debug output
+// - running docker containers
+// - logs
+func diagnosticsCmdRun(*cobra.Command, []string) {
+	questions := []*survey.Question{
+		{
+			Name:   "IncludeEndpoints",
+			Prompt: &survey.Confirm{Message: "Do you want to include endpoints (i.e. the FQDN/IP of your panel)?", Default: false},
+		},
+		{
+			Name:   "IncludeLogs",
+			Prompt: &survey.Confirm{Message: "Do you want to include the latest logs?", Default: true},
+		},
+		{
+			Name: "ReviewBeforeUpload",
+			Prompt: &survey.Confirm{
+				Message: "Do you want to review the collected data before uploading to " + diagnosticsArgs.HastebinURL + "?",
+				Help:    "The data, especially the logs, might contain sensitive information, so you should review it. You will be asked again if you want to upload.",
+				Default: true,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	if err := survey.Ask(questions, &diagnosticsArgs); err != nil {
+		if err == terminal.InterruptErr {
+			return
+		}
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	dockerVersion, dockerInfo, dockerErr := getDockerInfo()
+
+	output := &strings.Builder{}
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "Pterodactyl Wings - Diagnostics Report")
+	printHeader(output, "Versions")
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "               Wings:", system.Version)
+	if dockerErr == nil {
+		fmt.Fprintln(output, "              Docker:", dockerVersion.Version)
+	}
+	if v, err := kernel.GetKernelVersion(); err == nil {
+		fmt.Fprintln(output, "              Kernel:", v)
+	}
+	if os, err := operatingsystem.GetOperatingSystem(); err == nil {
+		fmt.Fprintln(output, "                  OS:", os)
+	}
+
+	printHeader(output, "Wings Configuration")
+	if err := config.FromFile(config.DefaultLocation); err != nil {
+	}
+	cfg := config.Get()
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "      Panel Location:", redact(cfg.PanelLocation))
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "")
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "  Internal Webserver:", redact(cfg.Api.Host), ":", cfg.Api.Port)
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "         SSL Enabled:", cfg.Api.Ssl.Enabled)
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "     SSL Certificate:", redact(cfg.Api.Ssl.CertificateFile))
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "             SSL Key:", redact(cfg.Api.Ssl.KeyFile))
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "")
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "         SFTP Server:", redact(cfg.System.Sftp.Address), ":", cfg.System.Sftp.Port)
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "      SFTP Read-Only:", cfg.System.Sftp.ReadOnly)
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "")
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "      Root Directory:", cfg.System.RootDirectory)
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "      Logs Directory:", cfg.System.LogDirectory)
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "      Data Directory:", cfg.System.Data)
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "   Archive Directory:", cfg.System.ArchiveDirectory)
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "    Backup Directory:", cfg.System.BackupDirectory)
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "")
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "            Username:", cfg.System.Username)
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "         Server Time:", time.Now().Format(time.RFC1123Z))
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "          Debug Mode:", cfg.Debug)
+
+	printHeader(output, "Docker: Info")
+	if dockerErr == nil {
+		fmt.Fprintln(output, "Server Version:", dockerInfo.ServerVersion)
+		fmt.Fprintln(output, "Storage Driver:", dockerInfo.Driver)
+		if dockerInfo.DriverStatus != nil {
+			for _, pair := range dockerInfo.DriverStatus {
+				fmt.Fprintf(output, "  %s: %s\n", pair[0], pair[1])
+			}
+		}
+		if dockerInfo.SystemStatus != nil {
+			for _, pair := range dockerInfo.SystemStatus {
+				fmt.Fprintf(output, " %s: %s\n", pair[0], pair[1])
+			}
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintln(output, "LoggingDriver:", dockerInfo.LoggingDriver)
+		fmt.Fprintln(output, " CgroupDriver:", dockerInfo.CgroupDriver)
+		if len(dockerInfo.Warnings) > 0 {
+			for _, w := range dockerInfo.Warnings {
+				fmt.Fprintln(output, w)
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		fmt.Fprintln(output, dockerErr.Error())
+	}
+
+	printHeader(output, "Docker: Running Containers")
+	c := exec.Command("docker", "ps")
+	if co, err := c.Output(); err == nil {
+		output.Write(co)
+	} else {
+		fmt.Fprint(output, "Couldn't list containers: ", err)
+	}
+
+	printHeader(output, "Latest Wings Logs")
+	if diagnosticsArgs.IncludeLogs {
+		p := "/var/log/pterodactyl/wings.log"
+		if cfg != nil {
+			p = path.Join(cfg.System.LogDirectory, "wings.log")
+		}
+		if c, err := exec.Command("tail", "-n", strconv.Itoa(diagnosticsArgs.LogLines), p).Output(); err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintln(output, "No logs found or an error occurred.")
+		} else {
+			fmt.Fprintf(output, "%s\n", string(c))
+		}
+	} else {
+		fmt.Fprintln(output, "Logs redacted.")
+	}
+
+	if !diagnosticsArgs.IncludeEndpoints {
+		s := output.String()
+		output.Reset()
+		s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, cfg.PanelLocation, "{redacted}")
+		s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, cfg.Api.Host, "{redacted}")
+		s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, cfg.Api.Ssl.CertificateFile, "{redacted}")
+		s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, cfg.Api.Ssl.KeyFile, "{redacted}")
+		s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, cfg.System.Sftp.Address, "{redacted}")
+		output.WriteString(s)
+	}
+
+	fmt.Println("\n---------------  generated report  ---------------")
+	fmt.Println(output.String())
+	fmt.Print("---------------   end of report    ---------------\n\n")
+
+	upload := !diagnosticsArgs.ReviewBeforeUpload
+	if !upload {
+		survey.AskOne(&survey.Confirm{Message: "Upload to " + diagnosticsArgs.HastebinURL + "?", Default: false}, &upload)
+	}
+	if upload {
+		u, err := uploadToHastebin(diagnosticsArgs.HastebinURL, output.String())
+		if err == nil {
+			fmt.Println("Your report is available here: ", u)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func getDockerInfo() (types.Version, types.Info, error) {
+	client, err := environment.Docker()
+	if err != nil {
+		return types.Version{}, types.Info{}, err
+	}
+	dockerVersion, err := client.ServerVersion(context.Background())
+	if err != nil {
+		return types.Version{}, types.Info{}, err
+	}
+	dockerInfo, err := client.Info(context.Background())
+	if err != nil {
+		return types.Version{}, types.Info{}, err
+	}
+	return dockerVersion, dockerInfo, nil
+}
+
+func uploadToHastebin(hbUrl, content string) (string, error) {
+	r := strings.NewReader(content)
+	u, err := url.Parse(hbUrl)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	u.Path = path.Join(u.Path, "documents")
+	res, err := http.Post(u.String(), "plain/text", r)
+	if err != nil || res.StatusCode != 200 {
+		fmt.Println("Failed to upload report to ", u.String(), err)
+		return "", err
+	}
+	pres := make(map[string]interface{})
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Println("Failed to parse response.", err)
+		return "", err
+	}
+	json.Unmarshal(body, &pres)
+	if key, ok := pres["key"].(string); ok {
+		u, _ := url.Parse(hbUrl)
+		u.Path = path.Join(u.Path, key)
+		return u.String(), nil
+	}
+	return "", errors.New("failed to find key in response")
+}
+
+func redact(s string) string {
+	if !diagnosticsArgs.IncludeEndpoints {
+		return "{redacted}"
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
+func printHeader(w io.Writer, title string) {
+	fmt.Fprintln(w, "\n|\n|", title)
+	fmt.Fprintln(w, "| ------------------------------")
+}

cmd/root.go

@@ -0,0 +1,457 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	log2 "log"
+	"net/http"
+	_ "net/http/pprof"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/NYTimes/logrotate"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/apex/log/handlers/multi"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/client"
+	"github.com/gammazero/workerpool"
+	"github.com/mitchellh/colorstring"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"golang.org/x/crypto/acme"
+	"golang.org/x/crypto/acme/autocert"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/environment"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/cron"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/database"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/loggers/cli"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/remote"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/sftp"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
+)
+
+var (
+	configPath = config.DefaultLocation
+	debug      = false
+)
+
+var rootCommand = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "wings",
+	Short: "Runs the API server allowing programmatic control of game servers for Pterodactyl Panel.",
+	PreRun: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		initConfig()
+		initLogging()
+		if tls, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("auto-tls"); tls {
+			if host, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("tls-hostname"); host == "" {
+				fmt.Println("A TLS hostname must be provided when running wings with automatic TLS, e.g.:\n\n    ./wings --auto-tls --tls-hostname my.example.com")
+				os.Exit(1)
+			}
+		}
+	},
+	Run: rootCmdRun,
+}
+
+var versionCommand = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "version",
+	Short: "Prints the current executable version and exits.",
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) {
+		fmt.Printf("wings v%s\nCopyright © 2018 - %d Dane Everitt & Contributors\n", system.Version, time.Now().Year())
+	},
+}
+
+func Execute() {
+	if err := rootCommand.Execute(); err != nil {
+		log2.Fatalf("failed to execute command: %s", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func init() {
+	rootCommand.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&configPath, "config", config.DefaultLocation, "set the location for the configuration file")
+	rootCommand.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&debug, "debug", false, "pass in order to run wings in debug mode")
+
+	// Flags specifically used when running the API.
+	rootCommand.Flags().Bool("pprof", false, "if the pprof profiler should be enabled. The profiler will bind to localhost:6060 by default")
+	rootCommand.Flags().Int("pprof-block-rate", 0, "enables block profile support, may have performance impacts")
+	rootCommand.Flags().Int("pprof-port", 6060, "If provided with --pprof, the port it will run on")
+	rootCommand.Flags().Bool("auto-tls", false, "pass in order to have wings generate and manage its own SSL certificates using Let's Encrypt")
+	rootCommand.Flags().String("tls-hostname", "", "required with --auto-tls, the FQDN for the generated SSL certificate")
+	rootCommand.Flags().Bool("ignore-certificate-errors", false, "ignore certificate verification errors when executing API calls")
+
+	rootCommand.AddCommand(versionCommand)
+	rootCommand.AddCommand(configureCmd)
+	rootCommand.AddCommand(newDiagnosticsCommand())
+}
+
+func rootCmdRun(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) {
+	printLogo()
+	log.Debug("running in debug mode")
+	log.WithField("config_file", configPath).Info("loading configuration from file")
+
+	if ok, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("ignore-certificate-errors"); ok {
+		log.Warn("running with --ignore-certificate-errors: TLS certificate host chains and name will not be verified")
+		http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport).TLSClientConfig = &tls.Config{
+			InsecureSkipVerify: true,
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := config.ConfigureTimezone(); err != nil {
+		log.WithField("error", err).Fatal("failed to detect system timezone or use supplied configuration value")
+	}
+	log.WithField("timezone", config.Get().System.Timezone).Info("configured wings with system timezone")
+	if err := config.ConfigureDirectories(); err != nil {
+		log.WithField("error", err).Fatal("failed to configure system directories for pterodactyl")
+		return
+	}
+	if err := config.EnsurePterodactylUser(); err != nil {
+		log.WithField("error", err).Fatal("failed to create pterodactyl system user")
+	}
+	log.WithFields(log.Fields{
+		"username": config.Get().System.Username,
+		"uid":      config.Get().System.User.Uid,
+		"gid":      config.Get().System.User.Gid,
+	}).Info("configured system user successfully")
+	if err := config.EnableLogRotation(); err != nil {
+		log.WithField("error", err).Fatal("failed to configure log rotation on the system")
+		return
+	}
+
+	pclient := remote.New(
+		config.Get().PanelLocation,
+		remote.WithCredentials(config.Get().AuthenticationTokenId, config.Get().AuthenticationToken),
+		remote.WithHttpClient(&http.Client{
+			Timeout: time.Second * time.Duration(config.Get().RemoteQuery.Timeout),
+		}),
+	)
+
+	if err := database.Initialize(); err != nil {
+		log.WithField("error", err).Fatal("failed to initialize database")
+	}
+
+	manager, err := server.NewManager(cmd.Context(), pclient)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.WithField("error", err).Fatal("failed to load server configurations")
+	}
+
+	if err := environment.ConfigureDocker(cmd.Context()); err != nil {
+		log.WithField("error", err).Fatal("failed to configure docker environment")
+	}
+
+	if err := config.WriteToDisk(config.Get()); err != nil {
+		log.WithField("error", err).Fatal("failed to write configuration to disk")
+	}
+
+	// Just for some nice log output.
+	for _, s := range manager.All() {
+		log.WithField("server", s.ID()).Info("finished loading configuration for server")
+	}
+
+	states, err := manager.ReadStates()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.WithField("error", err).Error("failed to retrieve locally cached server states from disk, assuming all servers in offline state")
+	}
+
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(time.Minute)
+	// Every minute, write the current server states to the disk to allow for a more
+	// seamless hard-reboot process in which wings will re-sync server states based
+	// on its last tracked state.
+	go func() {
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-ticker.C:
+				if err := manager.PersistStates(); err != nil {
+					log.WithField("error", err).Warn("failed to persist server states to disk")
+				}
+			case <-cmd.Context().Done():
+				ticker.Stop()
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// Create a new workerpool that limits us to 4 servers being bootstrapped at a time
+	// on Wings. This allows us to ensure the environment exists, write configurations,
+	// and reboot processes without causing a slow-down due to sequential booting.
+	pool := workerpool.New(4)
+	for _, serv := range manager.All() {
+		s := serv
+
+		// For each server we encounter make sure the root data directory exists.
+		if err := s.EnsureDataDirectoryExists(); err != nil {
+			s.Log().Error("could not create root data directory for server: not loading server...")
+			continue
+		}
+
+		pool.Submit(func() {
+			s.Log().Info("configuring server environment and restoring to previous state")
+			var st string
+			if state, exists := states[s.ID()]; exists {
+				st = state
+			}
+
+			// Use a timed context here to avoid booting issues where Docker hangs for a
+			// specific container that would cause Wings to be un-bootable until the entire
+			// machine is rebooted. It is much better for us to just have a single failed
+			// server instance than an entire offline node.
+			//
+			// @see https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/issues/2475
+			// @see https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/issues/3358
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(cmd.Context(), time.Second*30)
+			defer cancel()
+
+			r, err := s.Environment.IsRunning(ctx)
+			// We ignore missing containers because we don't want to actually block booting of wings at this
+			// point. If we didn't do this, and you pruned all the images and then started wings you could
+			// end up waiting a long period of time for all the images to be re-pulled on Wings boot rather
+			// than when the server itself is started.
+			if err != nil && !client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+				s.Log().WithField("error", err).Error("error checking server environment status")
+			}
+
+			// Check if the server was previously running. If so, attempt to start the server now so that Wings
+			// can pick up where it left off. If the environment does not exist at all, just create it and then allow
+			// the normal flow to execute.
+			//
+			// This does mean that booting wings after a catastrophic machine crash and wiping out the Docker images
+			// as a result will result in a slow boot.
+			if !r && (st == environment.ProcessRunningState || st == environment.ProcessStartingState) {
+				if err := s.HandlePowerAction(server.PowerActionStart); err != nil {
+					s.Log().WithField("error", err).Warn("failed to return server to running state")
+				}
+			} else if r || (!r && s.IsRunning()) {
+				// If the server is currently running on Docker, mark the process as being in that state.
+				// We never want to stop an instance that is currently running external from Wings since
+				// that is a good way of keeping things running even if Wings gets in a very corrupted state.
+				//
+				// This will also validate that a server process is running if the last tracked state we have
+				// is that it was running, but we see that the container process is not currently running.
+				s.Log().Info("detected server is running, re-attaching to process...")
+
+				s.Environment.SetState(environment.ProcessRunningState)
+				if err := s.Environment.Attach(ctx); err != nil {
+					s.Log().WithField("error", err).Warn("failed to attach to running server environment")
+				}
+			} else {
+				// At this point we've determined that the server should indeed be in an offline state, so we'll
+				// make a call to set that state just to ensure we don't ever accidentally end up with some invalid
+				// state being tracked.
+				s.Environment.SetState(environment.ProcessOfflineState)
+			}
+
+			if state := s.Environment.State(); state == environment.ProcessStartingState || state == environment.ProcessRunningState {
+				s.Log().Debug("re-syncing server configuration for already running server")
+				if err := s.Sync(); err != nil {
+					s.Log().WithError(err).Error("failed to re-sync server configuration")
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+
+	// Wait until all the servers are ready to go before we fire up the SFTP and HTTP servers.
+	pool.StopWait()
+	defer func() {
+		// Cancel the context on all the running servers at this point, even though the
+		// program is just shutting down.
+		for _, s := range manager.All() {
+			s.CtxCancel()
+		}
+	}()
+
+	if s, err := cron.Scheduler(cmd.Context(), manager); err != nil {
+		log.WithField("error", err).Fatal("failed to initialize cron system")
+	} else {
+		log.WithField("subsystem", "cron").Info("starting cron processes")
+		s.StartAsync()
+	}
+
+	go func() {
+		// Run the SFTP server.
+		if err := sftp.New(manager).Run(); err != nil {
+			log.WithError(err).Fatal("failed to initialize the sftp server")
+			return
+		}
+	}()
+
+	go func() {
+		log.Info("updating server states on Panel: marking installing/restoring servers as normal")
+		// Update all the servers on the Panel to be in a valid state if they're
+		// currently marked as installing/restoring now that Wings is restarted.
+		if err := pclient.ResetServersState(cmd.Context()); err != nil {
+			log.WithField("error", err).Error("failed to reset server states on Panel: some instances may be stuck in an installing/restoring state unexpectedly")
+		}
+	}()
+
+	sys := config.Get().System
+	// Ensure the archive directory exists.
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(sys.ArchiveDirectory, 0o755); err != nil {
+		log.WithField("error", err).Error("failed to create archive directory")
+	}
+
+	// Ensure the backup directory exists.
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(sys.BackupDirectory, 0o755); err != nil {
+		log.WithField("error", err).Error("failed to create backup directory")
+	}
+
+	autotls, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("auto-tls")
+	tlshostname, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("tls-hostname")
+	if autotls && tlshostname == "" {
+		autotls = false
+	}
+
+	api := config.Get().Api
+	log.WithFields(log.Fields{
+		"use_ssl":      api.Ssl.Enabled,
+		"use_auto_tls": autotls,
+		"host_address": api.Host,
+		"host_port":    api.Port,
+	}).Info("configuring internal webserver")
+
+	// Create a new HTTP server instance to handle inbound requests from the Panel
+	// and external clients.
+	s := &http.Server{
+		Addr:      api.Host + ":" + strconv.Itoa(api.Port),
+		Handler:   router.Configure(manager, pclient),
+		TLSConfig: config.DefaultTLSConfig,
+	}
+
+	profile, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("pprof")
+	if profile {
+		if r, _ := cmd.Flags().GetInt("pprof-block-rate"); r > 0 {
+			runtime.SetBlockProfileRate(r)
+		}
+		// Catch at least 1% of mutex contention issues.
+		runtime.SetMutexProfileFraction(100)
+
+		profilePort, _ := cmd.Flags().GetInt("pprof-port")
+		go func() {
+			http.ListenAndServe(fmt.Sprintf("localhost:%d", profilePort), nil)
+		}()
+	}
+
+	// Check if the server should run with TLS but using autocert.
+	if autotls {
+		m := autocert.Manager{
+			Prompt:     autocert.AcceptTOS,
+			Cache:      autocert.DirCache(path.Join(sys.RootDirectory, "/.tls-cache")),
+			HostPolicy: autocert.HostWhitelist(tlshostname),
+		}
+
+		log.WithField("hostname", tlshostname).Info("webserver is now listening with auto-TLS enabled; certificates will be automatically generated by Let's Encrypt")
+
+		// Hook autocert into the main http server.
+		s.TLSConfig.GetCertificate = m.GetCertificate
+		s.TLSConfig.NextProtos = append(s.TLSConfig.NextProtos, acme.ALPNProto) // enable tls-alpn ACME challenges
+
+		// Start the autocert server.
+		go func() {
+			if err := http.ListenAndServe(":http", m.HTTPHandler(nil)); err != nil {
+				log.WithError(err).Error("failed to serve autocert http server")
+			}
+		}()
+		// Start the main http server with TLS using autocert.
+		if err := s.ListenAndServeTLS("", ""); err != nil {
+			log.WithFields(log.Fields{"auto_tls": true, "tls_hostname": tlshostname, "error": err}).Fatal("failed to configure HTTP server using auto-tls")
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Check if main http server should run with TLS. Otherwise, reset the TLS
+	// config on the server and then serve it over normal HTTP.
+	if api.Ssl.Enabled {
+		if err := s.ListenAndServeTLS(api.Ssl.CertificateFile, api.Ssl.KeyFile); err != nil {
+			log.WithFields(log.Fields{"auto_tls": false, "error": err}).Fatal("failed to configure HTTPS server")
+		}
+		return
+	}
+	s.TLSConfig = nil
+	if err := s.ListenAndServe(); err != nil {
+		log.WithField("error", err).Fatal("failed to configure HTTP server")
+	}
+}
+
+// Reads the configuration from the disk and then sets up the global singleton
+// with all the configuration values.
+func initConfig() {
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(configPath, "/") {
+		d, err := os.Getwd()
+		if err != nil {
+			log2.Fatalf("cmd/root: could not determine directory: %s", err)
+		}
+		configPath = path.Clean(path.Join(d, configPath))
+	}
+	err := config.FromFile(configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			exitWithConfigurationNotice()
+		}
+		log2.Fatalf("cmd/root: error while reading configuration file: %s", err)
+	}
+	if debug && !config.Get().Debug {
+		config.SetDebugViaFlag(debug)
+	}
+}
+
+// Configures the global logger for Zap so that we can call it from any location
+// in the code without having to pass around a logger instance.
+func initLogging() {
+	dir := config.Get().System.LogDirectory
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(path.Join(dir, "/install"), 0o700); err != nil {
+		log2.Fatalf("cmd/root: failed to create install directory path: %s", err)
+	}
+	p := filepath.Join(dir, "/wings.log")
+	w, err := logrotate.NewFile(p)
+	if err != nil {
+		log2.Fatalf("cmd/root: failed to create wings log: %s", err)
+	}
+	log.SetLevel(log.InfoLevel)
+	if config.Get().Debug {
+		log.SetLevel(log.DebugLevel)
+	}
+	log.SetHandler(multi.New(cli.Default, cli.New(w.File, false)))
+	log.WithField("path", p).Info("writing log files to disk")
+}
+
+// Prints the wings logo, nothing special here!
+func printLogo() {
+	fmt.Printf(colorstring.Color(`
+                     ____
+__ [blue][bold]Pterodactyl[reset] _____/___/_______ _______ ______
+\_____\    \/\/    /   /       /  __   /   ___/
+   \___\          /   /   /   /  /_/  /___   /
+        \___/\___/___/___/___/___    /______/
+                            /_______/ [bold]%s[reset]
+
+Copyright © 2018 - %d Dane Everitt & Contributors
+
+Website:  https://pterodactyl.io
+ Source:  https://github.com/pterodactyl/wings
+License:  https://github.com/pterodactyl/wings/blob/develop/LICENSE
+
+This software is made available under the terms of the MIT license.
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.%s`), system.Version, time.Now().Year(), "\n\n")
+}
+
+func exitWithConfigurationNotice() {
+	fmt.Print(colorstring.Color(`
+[_red_][white][bold]Error: Configuration File Not Found[reset]
+
+Wings was not able to locate your configuration file, and therefore is not
+able to complete its boot process. Please ensure you have copied your instance
+configuration file into the default location below.
+
+Default Location: /etc/pterodactyl/config.yml
+
+[yellow]This is not a bug with this software. Please do not make a bug report
+for this issue, it will be closed.[reset]
+
+`))
+	os.Exit(1)
+}

config/config.go

@@ -1,176 +1,77 @@
 package config
 
 import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/tls"
 	"fmt"
-	"github.com/creasty/defaults"
-	"go.uber.org/zap"
-	"gopkg.in/yaml.v2"
-	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"os/user"
 	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"regexp"
-	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"text/template"
+	"time"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/acobaugh/osrelease"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/creasty/defaults"
+	"github.com/gbrlsnchs/jwt/v3"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+	"gopkg.in/yaml.v2"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
 )
 
-type Configuration struct {
+const DefaultLocation = "/etc/pterodactyl/config.yml"
-	// Determines if wings should be running in debug mode. This value is ignored
-	// if the debug flag is passed through the command line arguments.
-	Debug bool
 
-	Api    ApiConfiguration
+// DefaultTLSConfig sets sane defaults to use when configuring the internal
-	System SystemConfiguration
+// webserver to listen for public connections.
-	Docker DockerConfiguration
+//
-
+// @see https://blog.cloudflare.com/exposing-go-on-the-internet
-	// The amount of time in seconds that should elapse between disk usage checks
+var DefaultTLSConfig = &tls.Config{
-	// run by the daemon. Setting a higher number can result in better IO performance
+	NextProtos: []string{"h2", "http/1.1"},
-	// at an increased risk of a malicious user creating a process that goes over
+	CipherSuites: []uint16{
-	// the assigned disk limits.
+		tls.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
-	DiskCheckTimeout int `yaml:"disk_check_timeout"`
+		tls.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
-
+		tls.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
-	// Defines internal throttling configurations for server processes to prevent
+		tls.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
-	// someone from running an endless loop that spams data to logs.
+		tls.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256,
-	Throttles struct {
+		tls.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256,
-		// The number of data overage warnings (inclusive) that can accumulate
+	},
-		// before a process is terminated.
+	PreferServerCipherSuites: true,
-		KillAtCount int `default:"5" yaml:"kill_at_count"`
+	MinVersion:               tls.VersionTLS12,
-
+	MaxVersion:               tls.VersionTLS13,
-		// The number of seconds that must elapse before the internal counter
+	CurvePreferences:         []tls.CurveID{tls.X25519, tls.CurveP256},
-		// begins decrementing warnings assigned to a process that is outputting
-		// too much data.
-		DecaySeconds int `default:"10" yaml:"decay"`
-
-		// The total number of bytes allowed to be output by a server process
-		// per interval.
-		BytesPerInterval int `default:"4096" yaml:"bytes"`
-
-		// The amount of time that should lapse between data output throttle
-		// checks. This should be defined in milliseconds.
-		CheckInterval int `defauly:"100" yaml:"check_interval"`
-	}
-
-	// The location where the panel is running that this daemon should connect to
-	// to collect data and send events.
-	PanelLocation string `yaml:"remote"`
-
-	// The token used when performing operations. Requests to this instance must
-	// validate aganist it.
-	AuthenticationToken string `yaml:"token"`
 }
 
-// Defines basic system configuration settings.
+var (
-type SystemConfiguration struct {
+	mu            sync.RWMutex
-	// Directory where the server data is stored at.
+	_config       *Configuration
-	Data string `default:"/srv/daemon-data" yaml:"data"`
+	_jwtAlgo      *jwt.HMACSHA
+	_debugViaFlag bool
+)
 
-	// The user that should own all of the server files, and be used for containers.
+// Locker specific to writing the configuration to the disk, this happens
-	Username string `default:"pterodactyl" yaml:"username"`
+// in areas that might already be locked, so we don't want to crash the process.
+var _writeLock sync.Mutex
 
-	// Definitions for the user that gets created to ensure that we can quickly access
+// SftpConfiguration defines the configuration of the internal SFTP server.
-	// this information without constantly having to do a system lookup.
-	User struct {
-		Uid int
-		Gid int
-	}
-
-	// Determines wether or not server data should be synced when the Daemon is started.
-	// If set to false, data will only be synced when a server process is started, or
-	// detected as started when booting.
-	SyncServersOnBoot bool `default:"true" yaml:"sync_servers_on_boot"`
-
-	// The path to the system's timezone file that will be mounted into running Docker containers.
-	TimezonePath string `yaml:"timezone_path"`
-
-	// Determines if permissions for a server should be set automatically on
-	// daemon boot. This can take a long time on systems with many servers, or on
-	// systems with servers containing thousands of files.
-	//
-	// Setting this to true by default helps us avoid a lot of support requests
-	// from people that keep trying to move files around as a root user leading
-	// to server permission issues.
-	//
-	// In production and heavy use environments where boot speed is essential,
-	// this should be set to false as servers will self-correct permissions on
-	// boot anyways.
-	SetPermissionsOnBoot bool `default:"true" yaml:"set_permissions_on_boot"`
-
-	// Determines if Wings should detect a server that stops with a normal exit code of
-	// "0" as being crashed if the process stopped without any Wings interaction. E.g.
-	// the user did not press the stop button, but the process stopped cleanly.
-	DetectCleanExitAsCrash bool `default:"true" yaml:"detect_clean_exit_as_crash"`
-
-	Sftp *SftpConfiguration `yaml:"sftp"`
-}
-
-// Defines the configuration of the internal SFTP server.
 type SftpConfiguration struct {
-	// If set to false, the internal SFTP server will not be booted and you will need
-	// to run the SFTP server independent of this program.
-	UseInternalSystem bool `default:"true" yaml:"use_internal"`
-	// If set to true disk checking will not be performed. This will prevent the SFTP
-	// server from checking the total size of a directory when uploading files.
-	DisableDiskChecking bool `default:"false" yaml:"disable_disk_checking"`
 	// The bind address of the SFTP server.
-	Address string `default:"0.0.0.0" yaml:"bind_address"`
+	Address string `default:"0.0.0.0" json:"bind_address" yaml:"bind_address"`
 	// The bind port of the SFTP server.
-	Port int `default:"2022" yaml:"bind_port"`
+	Port int `default:"2022" json:"bind_port" yaml:"bind_port"`
 	// If set to true, no write actions will be allowed on the SFTP server.
 	ReadOnly bool `default:"false" yaml:"read_only"`
 }
 
-type dockerNetworkInterfaces struct {
+// ApiConfiguration defines the configuration for the internal API that is
-	V4 struct {
+// exposed by the Wings webserver.
-		Subnet  string `default:"172.18.0.0/16"`
-		Gateway string `default:"172.18.0.1"`
-	}
-
-	V6 struct {
-		Subnet  string `default:"fdba:17c8:6c94::/64"`
-		Gateway string `default:"fdba:17c8:6c94::1011"`
-	}
-}
-
-type DockerNetworkConfiguration struct {
-	// The interface that should be used to create the network. Must not conflict
-	// with any other interfaces in use by Docker or on the system.
-	Interface string `default:"172.18.0.1"`
-
-	// The name of the network to use. If this network already exists it will not
-	// be created. If it is not found, a new network will be created using the interface
-	// defined.
-	Name       string                  `default:"pterodactyl_nw"`
-	ISPN       bool                    `default:"false" yaml:"ispn"`
-	Driver     string                  `default:"bridge"`
-	IsInternal bool                    `default:"false" yaml:"is_internal"`
-	EnableICC  bool                    `default:"true" yaml:"enable_icc"`
-	Interfaces dockerNetworkInterfaces `yaml:"interfaces"`
-}
-
-// Defines the docker configuration used by the daemon when interacting with
-// containers and networks on the system.
-type DockerConfiguration struct {
-	// Network configuration that should be used when creating a new network
-	// for containers run through the daemon.
-	Network DockerNetworkConfiguration `yaml:"network"`
-
-	// If true, container images will be updated when a server starts if there
-	// is an update available. If false the daemon will not attempt updates and will
-	// defer to the host system to manage image updates.
-	UpdateImages bool `default:"true" yaml:"update_images"`
-
-	// The location of the Docker socket.
-	Socket string `default:"/var/run/docker.sock"`
-
-	// Defines the location of the timezone file on the host system that should
-	// be mounted into the created containers so that they all use the same time.
-	TimezonePath string `default:"/etc/timezone" yaml:"timezone_path"`
-}
-
-// Defines the configuration for the internal API that is exposed by the
-// daemon webserver.
 type ApiConfiguration struct {
 	// The interface that the internal webserver should bind to.
 	Host string `default:"0.0.0.0" yaml:"host"`
@@ -180,208 +81,628 @@ type ApiConfiguration struct {
 
 	// SSL configuration for the daemon.
 	Ssl struct {
-		Enabled         bool   `default:"false"`
+		Enabled         bool   `json:"enabled" yaml:"enabled"`
-		CertificateFile string `yaml:"cert"`
+		CertificateFile string `json:"cert" yaml:"cert"`
-		KeyFile         string `yaml:"key"`
+		KeyFile         string `json:"key" yaml:"key"`
 	}
 
-	// The maximum size for files uploaded through the Panel in bytes.
+	// Determines if functionality for allowing remote download of files into server directories
-	UploadLimit int `default:"100" yaml:"upload_limit"`
+	// is enabled on this instance. If set to "true" remote downloads will not be possible for
+	// servers.
+	DisableRemoteDownload bool `json:"disable_remote_download" yaml:"disable_remote_download"`
+
+	// The maximum size for files uploaded through the Panel in MB.
+	UploadLimit int64 `default:"100" json:"upload_limit" yaml:"upload_limit"`
+
+	// A list of IP address of proxies that may send a X-Forwarded-For header to set the true clients IP
+	TrustedProxies []string `json:"trusted_proxies" yaml:"trusted_proxies"`
 }
 
-// Reads the configuration from the provided file and returns the configuration
+// RemoteQueryConfiguration defines the configuration settings for remote requests
-// object that can then be used.
+// from Wings to the Panel.
-func ReadConfiguration(path string) (*Configuration, error) {
+type RemoteQueryConfiguration struct {
-	b, err := ioutil.ReadFile(path)
+	// The amount of time in seconds that Wings should allow for a request to the Panel API
-	if err != nil {
+	// to complete. If this time passes the request will be marked as failed. If your requests
-		return nil, err
+	// are taking longer than 30 seconds to complete it is likely a performance issue that
-	}
+	// should be resolved on the Panel, and not something that should be resolved by upping this
+	// number.
+	Timeout int `default:"30" yaml:"timeout"`
 
-	c := new(Configuration)
+	// The number of servers to load in a single request to the Panel API when booting the
+	// Wings instance. A single request is initially made to the Panel to get this number
+	// of servers, and then the pagination status is checked and additional requests are
+	// fired off in parallel to request the remaining pages.
+	//
+	// It is not recommended to change this from the default as you will likely encounter
+	// memory limits on your Panel instance. In the grand scheme of things 4 requests for
+	// 50 servers is likely just as quick as two for 100 or one for 400, and will certainly
+	// be less likely to cause performance issues on the Panel.
+	BootServersPerPage int `default:"50" yaml:"boot_servers_per_page"`
+}
+
+// SystemConfiguration defines basic system configuration settings.
+type SystemConfiguration struct {
+	// The root directory where all of the pterodactyl data is stored at.
+	RootDirectory string `default:"/var/lib/pterodactyl" yaml:"root_directory"`
+
+	// Directory where logs for server installations and other wings events are logged.
+	LogDirectory string `default:"/var/log/pterodactyl" yaml:"log_directory"`
+
+	// Directory where the server data is stored at.
+	Data string `default:"/var/lib/pterodactyl/volumes" yaml:"data"`
+
+	// Directory where server archives for transferring will be stored.
+	ArchiveDirectory string `default:"/var/lib/pterodactyl/archives" yaml:"archive_directory"`
+
+	// Directory where local backups will be stored on the machine.
+	BackupDirectory string `default:"/var/lib/pterodactyl/backups" yaml:"backup_directory"`
+
+	// TmpDirectory specifies where temporary files for Pterodactyl installation processes
+	// should be created. This supports environments running docker-in-docker.
+	TmpDirectory string `default:"/tmp/pterodactyl" yaml:"tmp_directory"`
+
+	// The user that should own all of the server files, and be used for containers.
+	Username string `default:"pterodactyl" yaml:"username"`
+
+	// The timezone for this Wings instance. This is detected by Wings automatically if possible,
+	// and falls back to UTC if not able to be detected. If you need to set this manually, that
+	// can also be done.
+	//
+	// This timezone value is passed into all containers created by Wings.
+	Timezone string `yaml:"timezone"`
+
+	// Definitions for the user that gets created to ensure that we can quickly access
+	// this information without constantly having to do a system lookup.
+	User struct {
+		// Rootless controls settings related to rootless container daemons.
+		Rootless struct {
+			// Enabled controls whether rootless containers are enabled.
+			Enabled bool `yaml:"enabled" default:"false"`
+			// ContainerUID controls the UID of the user inside the container.
+			// This should likely be set to 0 so the container runs as the user
+			// running Wings.
+			ContainerUID int `yaml:"container_uid" default:"0"`
+			// ContainerGID controls the GID of the user inside the container.
+			// This should likely be set to 0 so the container runs as the user
+			// running Wings.
+			ContainerGID int `yaml:"container_gid" default:"0"`
+		} `yaml:"rootless"`
+
+		Uid int `yaml:"uid"`
+		Gid int `yaml:"gid"`
+	} `yaml:"user"`
+
+	// The amount of time in seconds that can elapse before a server's disk space calculation is
+	// considered stale and a re-check should occur. DANGER: setting this value too low can seriously
+	// impact system performance and cause massive I/O bottlenecks and high CPU usage for the Wings
+	// process.
+	//
+	// Set to 0 to disable disk checking entirely. This will always return 0 for the disk space used
+	// by a server and should only be set in extreme scenarios where performance is critical and
+	// disk usage is not a concern.
+	DiskCheckInterval int64 `default:"150" yaml:"disk_check_interval"`
+
+	// ActivitySendInterval is the amount of time that should ellapse between aggregated server activity
+	// being sent to the Panel. By default this will send activity collected over the last minute. Keep
+	// in mind that only a fixed number of activity log entries, defined by ActivitySendCount, will be sent
+	// in each run.
+	ActivitySendInterval int `default:"60" yaml:"activity_send_interval"`
+
+	// ActivitySendCount is the number of activity events to send per batch.
+	ActivitySendCount int `default:"100" yaml:"activity_send_count"`
+
+	// If set to true, file permissions for a server will be checked when the process is
+	// booted. This can cause boot delays if the server has a large amount of files. In most
+	// cases disabling this should not have any major impact unless external processes are
+	// frequently modifying a servers' files.
+	CheckPermissionsOnBoot bool `default:"true" yaml:"check_permissions_on_boot"`
+
+	// If set to false Wings will not attempt to write a log rotate configuration to the disk
+	// when it boots and one is not detected.
+	EnableLogRotate bool `default:"true" yaml:"enable_log_rotate"`
+
+	// The number of lines to send when a server connects to the websocket.
+	WebsocketLogCount int `default:"150" yaml:"websocket_log_count"`
+
+	Sftp SftpConfiguration `yaml:"sftp"`
+
+	CrashDetection CrashDetection `yaml:"crash_detection"`
+
+	Backups Backups `yaml:"backups"`
+
+	Transfers Transfers `yaml:"transfers"`
+
+	OpenatMode string `default:"auto" yaml:"openat_mode"`
+}
+
+type CrashDetection struct {
+	// CrashDetectionEnabled sets if crash detection is enabled globally for all servers on this node.
+	CrashDetectionEnabled bool `default:"true" yaml:"enabled"`
+
+	// Determines if Wings should detect a server that stops with a normal exit code of
+	// "0" as being crashed if the process stopped without any Wings interaction. E.g.
+	// the user did not press the stop button, but the process stopped cleanly.
+	DetectCleanExitAsCrash bool `default:"true" yaml:"detect_clean_exit_as_crash"`
+
+	// Timeout specifies the timeout between crashes that will not cause the server
+	// to be automatically restarted, this value is used to prevent servers from
+	// becoming stuck in a boot-loop after multiple consecutive crashes.
+	Timeout int `default:"60" json:"timeout"`
+}
+
+type Backups struct {
+	// WriteLimit imposes a Disk I/O write limit on backups to the disk, this affects all
+	// backup drivers as the archiver must first write the file to the disk in order to
+	// upload it to any external storage provider.
+	//
+	// If the value is less than 1, the write speed is unlimited,
+	// if the value is greater than 0, the write speed is the value in MiB/s.
+	//
+	// Defaults to 0 (unlimited)
+	WriteLimit int `default:"0" yaml:"write_limit"`
+
+	// CompressionLevel determines how much backups created by wings should be compressed.
+	//
+	// "none" -> no compression will be applied
+	// "best_speed" -> uses gzip level 1 for fast speed
+	// "best_compression" -> uses gzip level 9 for minimal disk space useage
+	//
+	// Defaults to "best_speed" (level 1)
+	CompressionLevel string `default:"best_speed" yaml:"compression_level"`
+}
+
+type Transfers struct {
+	// DownloadLimit imposes a Network I/O read limit when downloading a transfer archive.
+	//
+	// If the value is less than 1, the write speed is unlimited,
+	// if the value is greater than 0, the write speed is the value in MiB/s.
+	//
+	// Defaults to 0 (unlimited)
+	DownloadLimit int `default:"0" yaml:"download_limit"`
+}
+
+type ConsoleThrottles struct {
+	// Whether or not the throttler is enabled for this instance.
+	Enabled bool `json:"enabled" yaml:"enabled" default:"true"`
+
+	// The total number of lines that can be output in a given Period period before
+	// a warning is triggered and counted against the server.
+	Lines uint64 `json:"lines" yaml:"lines" default:"2000"`
+
+	// The amount of time after which the number of lines processed is reset to 0. This runs in
+	// a constant loop and is not affected by the current console output volumes. By default, this
+	// will reset the processed line count back to 0 every 100ms.
+	Period uint64 `json:"line_reset_interval" yaml:"line_reset_interval" default:"100"`
+}
+
+type Configuration struct {
+	// The location from which this configuration instance was instantiated.
+	path string
+
+	// Determines if wings should be running in debug mode. This value is ignored
+	// if the debug flag is passed through the command line arguments.
+	Debug bool
+
+	AppName string `default:"Pterodactyl" json:"app_name" yaml:"app_name"`
+
+	// A unique identifier for this node in the Panel.
+	Uuid string
+
+	// An identifier for the token which must be included in any requests to the panel
+	// so that the token can be looked up correctly.
+	AuthenticationTokenId string `json:"token_id" yaml:"token_id"`
+
+	// The token used when performing operations. Requests to this instance must
+	// validate against it.
+	AuthenticationToken string `json:"token" yaml:"token"`
+
+	Api    ApiConfiguration    `json:"api" yaml:"api"`
+	System SystemConfiguration `json:"system" yaml:"system"`
+	Docker DockerConfiguration `json:"docker" yaml:"docker"`
+
+	// Defines internal throttling configurations for server processes to prevent
+	// someone from running an endless loop that spams data to logs.
+	Throttles ConsoleThrottles
+
+	// The location where the panel is running that this daemon should connect to
+	// to collect data and send events.
+	PanelLocation string                   `json:"remote" yaml:"remote"`
+	RemoteQuery   RemoteQueryConfiguration `json:"remote_query" yaml:"remote_query"`
+
+	// AllowedMounts is a list of allowed host-system mount points.
+	// This is required to have the "Server Mounts" feature work properly.
+	AllowedMounts []string `json:"-" yaml:"allowed_mounts"`
+
+	// AllowedOrigins is a list of allowed request origins.
+	// The Panel URL is automatically allowed, this is only needed for adding
+	// additional origins.
+	AllowedOrigins []string `json:"allowed_origins" yaml:"allowed_origins"`
+
+	// AllowCORSPrivateNetwork sets the `Access-Control-Request-Private-Network` header which
+	// allows client browsers to make requests to internal IP addresses over HTTP.  This setting
+	// is only required by users running Wings without SSL certificates and using internal IP
+	// addresses in order to connect. Most users should NOT enable this setting.
+	AllowCORSPrivateNetwork bool `json:"allow_cors_private_network" yaml:"allow_cors_private_network"`
+
+	// IgnorePanelConfigUpdates causes confiuration updates that are sent by the panel to be ignored.
+	IgnorePanelConfigUpdates bool `json:"ignore_panel_config_updates" yaml:"ignore_panel_config_updates"`
+}
+
+// NewAtPath creates a new struct and set the path where it should be stored.
+// This function does not modify the currently stored global configuration.
+func NewAtPath(path string) (*Configuration, error) {
+	var c Configuration
 	// Configures the default values for many of the configuration options present
-	// in the structs. Valkues set in the configuration file take priority over the
+	// in the structs. Values set in the configuration file take priority over the
 	// default values.
-	if err := defaults.Set(c); err != nil {
+	if err := defaults.Set(&c); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-
+	// Track the location where we created this configuration.
-	// Replace environment variables within the configuration file with their
+	c.path = path
-	// values from the host system.
+	return &c, nil
-	b = []byte(os.ExpandEnv(string(b)))
-
-	if err := yaml.Unmarshal(b, c); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return c, nil
 }
 
-var _config *Configuration
+// Set the global configuration instance. This is a blocking operation such that
-var _debugViaFlag bool
+// anything trying to set a different configuration value, or read the configuration
-
+// will be paused until it is complete.
-// Set the global configuration instance.
 func Set(c *Configuration) {
-	_config = c
+	mu.Lock()
-}
+	if _config == nil || _config.AuthenticationToken != c.AuthenticationToken {
-
+		_jwtAlgo = jwt.NewHS256([]byte(c.AuthenticationToken))
-func SetDebugViaFlag(d bool) {
-	_debugViaFlag = d
-}
-
-// Get the global configuration instance.
-func Get() *Configuration {
-	return _config
-}
-
-// Ensures that the Pterodactyl core user exists on the system. This user will be the
-// owner of all data in the root data directory and is used as the user within containers.
-//
-// If files are not owned by this user there will be issues with permissions on Docker
-// mount points.
-func (c *Configuration) EnsurePterodactylUser() (*user.User, error) {
-	u, err := user.Lookup(c.System.Username)
-
-	// If an error is returned but it isn't the unknown user error just abort
-	// the process entirely. If we did find a user, return it immediately.
-	if err == nil {
-		return u, c.setSystemUser(u)
-	} else if _, ok := err.(user.UnknownUserError); !ok {
-		return nil, err
 	}
+	_config = c
+	mu.Unlock()
+}
 
+// SetDebugViaFlag tracks if the application is running in debug mode because of
+// a command line flag argument. If so we do not want to store that configuration
+// change to the disk.
+func SetDebugViaFlag(d bool) {
+	mu.Lock()
+	_config.Debug = d
+	_debugViaFlag = d
+	mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+// Get returns the global configuration instance. This is a thread-safe operation
+// that will block if the configuration is presently being modified.
+//
+// Be aware that you CANNOT make modifications to the currently stored configuration
+// by modifying the struct returned by this function. The only way to make
+// modifications is by using the Update() function and passing data through in
+// the callback.
+func Get() *Configuration {
+	mu.RLock()
+	// Create a copy of the struct so that all modifications made beyond this
+	// point are immutable.
+	//goland:noinspection GoVetCopyLock
+	c := *_config
+	mu.RUnlock()
+	return &c
+}
+
+// Update performs an in-situ update of the global configuration object using
+// a thread-safe mutex lock. This is the correct way to make modifications to
+// the global configuration.
+func Update(callback func(c *Configuration)) {
+	mu.Lock()
+	callback(_config)
+	mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+// GetJwtAlgorithm returns the in-memory JWT algorithm.
+func GetJwtAlgorithm() *jwt.HMACSHA {
+	mu.RLock()
+	defer mu.RUnlock()
+	return _jwtAlgo
+}
+
+// WriteToDisk writes the configuration to the disk. This is a thread safe operation
+// and will only allow one write at a time. Additional calls while writing are
+// queued up.
+func WriteToDisk(c *Configuration) error {
+	_writeLock.Lock()
+	defer _writeLock.Unlock()
+
+	//goland:noinspection GoVetCopyLock
+	ccopy := *c
+	// If debugging is set with the flag, don't save that to the configuration file,
+	// otherwise you'll always end up in debug mode.
+	if _debugViaFlag {
+		ccopy.Debug = false
+	}
+	if c.path == "" {
+		return errors.New("cannot write configuration, no path defined in struct")
+	}
+	b, err := yaml.Marshal(&ccopy)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(c.path, b, 0o600); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// EnsurePterodactylUser ensures that the Pterodactyl core user exists on the
+// system. This user will be the owner of all data in the root data directory
+// and is used as the user within containers. If files are not owned by this
+// user there will be issues with permissions on Docker mount points.
+//
+// This function IS NOT thread safe and should only be called in the main thread
+// when the application is booting.
+func EnsurePterodactylUser() error {
 	sysName, err := getSystemName()
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return err
 	}
 
-	var command = fmt.Sprintf("useradd --system --no-create-home --shell /bin/false %s", c.System.Username)
+	// Our way of detecting if wings is running inside of Docker.
+	if sysName == "distroless" {
+		_config.System.Username = system.FirstNotEmpty(os.Getenv("WINGS_USERNAME"), "pterodactyl")
+		_config.System.User.Uid = system.MustInt(system.FirstNotEmpty(os.Getenv("WINGS_UID"), "988"))
+		_config.System.User.Gid = system.MustInt(system.FirstNotEmpty(os.Getenv("WINGS_GID"), "988"))
+		return nil
+	}
 
-	// Alpine Linux is the only OS we currently support that doesn't work with the useradd command, so
+	if _config.System.User.Rootless.Enabled {
-	// in those cases we just modify the command a bit to work as expected.
+		log.Info("rootless mode is enabled, skipping user creation...")
-	if strings.HasPrefix(sysName, "Alpine") {
+		u, err := user.Current()
-		command = fmt.Sprintf("adduser -S -D -H -G %[1]s -s /bin/false %[1]s", c.System.Username)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		_config.System.Username = u.Username
+		_config.System.User.Uid = system.MustInt(u.Uid)
+		_config.System.User.Gid = system.MustInt(u.Gid)
+		return nil
+	}
 
+	log.WithField("username", _config.System.Username).Info("checking for pterodactyl system user")
+	u, err := user.Lookup(_config.System.Username)
+	// If an error is returned but it isn't the unknown user error just abort
+	// the process entirely. If we did find a user, return it immediately.
+	if err != nil {
+		if _, ok := err.(user.UnknownUserError); !ok {
+			return err
+		}
+	} else {
+		_config.System.User.Uid = system.MustInt(u.Uid)
+		_config.System.User.Gid = system.MustInt(u.Gid)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	command := fmt.Sprintf("useradd --system --no-create-home --shell /usr/sbin/nologin %s", _config.System.Username)
+	// Alpine Linux is the only OS we currently support that doesn't work with the useradd
+	// command, so in those cases we just modify the command a bit to work as expected.
+	if strings.HasPrefix(sysName, "alpine") {
+		command = fmt.Sprintf("adduser -S -D -H -G %[1]s -s /sbin/nologin %[1]s", _config.System.Username)
 		// We have to create the group first on Alpine, so do that here before continuing on
 		// to the user creation process.
-		if _, err := exec.Command("addgroup", "-s", c.System.Username).Output(); err != nil {
+		if _, err := exec.Command("addgroup", "-S", _config.System.Username).Output(); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
+			return err
 		}
 	}
 
 	split := strings.Split(command, " ")
 	if _, err := exec.Command(split[0], split[1:]...).Output(); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return err
 	}
-
+	u, err = user.Lookup(_config.System.Username)
-	if u, err := user.Lookup(c.System.Username); err != nil {
+	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return err
-	} else {
-		return u, c.setSystemUser(u)
 	}
+	_config.System.User.Uid = system.MustInt(u.Uid)
+	_config.System.User.Gid = system.MustInt(u.Gid)
+	return nil
 }
 
-// Set the system user into the configuration and then write it to the disk so that
+// FromFile reads the configuration from the provided file and stores it in the
-// it is persisted on boot.
+// global singleton for this instance.
-func (c *Configuration) setSystemUser(u *user.User) error {
+func FromFile(path string) error {
-	uid, _ := strconv.Atoi(u.Uid)
+	b, err := os.ReadFile(path)
-	gid, _ := strconv.Atoi(u.Gid)
+	if err != nil {
-
+		return err
-	c.System.Username = u.Username
-	c.System.User.Uid = uid
-	c.System.User.Gid = gid
-
-	return c.WriteToDisk()
-}
-
-// Ensures that the configured data directory has the correct permissions assigned to
-// all of the files and folders within.
-func (c *Configuration) EnsureFilePermissions() error {
-	// Don't run this unless it is configured to be run. On large system this can often slow
-	// things down dramatically during the boot process.
-	if !c.System.SetPermissionsOnBoot {
-		return nil
 	}
-
+	c, err := NewAtPath(path)
-	r := regexp.MustCompile("^[a-f0-9]{8}-[a-f0-9]{4}-4[a-f0-9]{3}-[89ab][a-f0-9]{3}-[a-f0-9]{12}$")
-
-	files, err := ioutil.ReadDir(c.System.Data)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	su, err := user.Lookup(c.System.Username)
+	if err := yaml.Unmarshal(b, c); err != nil {
-	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	wg := new(sync.WaitGroup)
+	// Store this configuration in the global state.
+	Set(c)
+	return nil
+}
 
-	for _, file := range files {
+// ConfigureDirectories ensures that all the system directories exist on the
-		wg.Add(1)
+// system. These directories are created so that only the owner can read the data,
-
+// and no other users.
-		// Asynchronously run through the list of files and folders in the data directory. If
+//
-		// the item is not a folder, or is not a folder that matches the expected UUIDv4 format
+// This function IS NOT thread-safe.
-		// skip over it.
+func ConfigureDirectories() error {
-		//
+	root := _config.System.RootDirectory
-		// If we do have a positive match, run a chown aganist the directory.
+	log.WithField("path", root).Debug("ensuring root data directory exists")
-		go func(f os.FileInfo) {
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(root, 0o700); err != nil {
-			defer wg.Done()
+		return err
-
-			if !f.IsDir() || !r.MatchString(f.Name()) {
-				return
-			}
-
-			uid, _ := strconv.Atoi(su.Uid)
-			gid, _ := strconv.Atoi(su.Gid)
-
-			if err := os.Chown(path.Join(c.System.Data, f.Name()), uid, gid); err != nil {
-				zap.S().Warnw("failed to chown server directory", zap.String("directory", f.Name()), zap.Error(err))
-			}
-		}(file)
 	}
 
-	wg.Wait()
+	// There are a non-trivial number of users out there whose data directories are actually a
+	// symlink to another location on the disk. If we do not resolve that final destination at this
+	// point things will appear to work, but endless errors will be encountered when we try to
+	// verify accessed paths since they will all end up resolving outside the expected data directory.
+	//
+	// For the sake of automating away as much of this as possible, see if the data directory is a
+	// symlink, and if so resolve to its final real path, and then update the configuration to use
+	// that.
+	if d, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(_config.System.Data); err != nil {
+		if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			return err
+		}
+	} else if d != _config.System.Data {
+		_config.System.Data = d
+	}
+
+	log.WithField("path", _config.System.Data).Debug("ensuring server data directory exists")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(_config.System.Data, 0o700); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	log.WithField("path", _config.System.ArchiveDirectory).Debug("ensuring archive data directory exists")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(_config.System.ArchiveDirectory, 0o700); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	log.WithField("path", _config.System.BackupDirectory).Debug("ensuring backup data directory exists")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(_config.System.BackupDirectory, 0o700); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-// Writes the configuration to the disk as a blocking operation by obtaining an exclusive
+// EnableLogRotation writes a logrotate file for wings to the system logrotate
-// lock on the file. This prevents something else from writing at the exact same time and
+// configuration directory if one exists and a logrotate file is not found. This
-// leading to bad data conditions.
+// allows us to basically automate away the log rotation for most installs, but
-func (c *Configuration) WriteToDisk() error {
+// also enable users to make modifications on their own.
-	f, err := os.OpenFile("config.yml", os.O_WRONLY, os.ModeExclusive)
+//
+// This function IS NOT thread-safe.
+func EnableLogRotation() error {
+	if !_config.System.EnableLogRotate {
+		log.Info("skipping log rotate configuration, disabled in wings config file")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if st, err := os.Stat("/etc/logrotate.d"); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return err
+	} else if (err != nil && os.IsNotExist(err)) || !st.IsDir() {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat("/etc/logrotate.d/wings"); err == nil || !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	log.Info("no log rotation configuration found: adding file now")
+	// If we've gotten to this point it means the logrotate directory exists on the system
+	// but there is not a file for wings already. In that case, let us write a new file to
+	// it so files can be rotated easily.
+	f, err := os.Create("/etc/logrotate.d/wings")
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	defer f.Close()
 
-	ccopy := *c
+	t, err := template.New("logrotate").Parse(`{{.LogDirectory}}/wings.log {
-	// If debugging is set with the flag, don't save that to the configuration file, otherwise
+    size 10M
-	// you'll always end up in debug mode.
+    compress
-	if _debugViaFlag {
+    delaycompress
-		ccopy.Debug = false
+    dateext
-	}
+    maxage 7
-
+    missingok
-	b, err := yaml.Marshal(&ccopy)
+    notifempty
+    postrotate
+        /usr/bin/systemctl kill -s HUP wings.service >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+    endscript
+}`)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	if _, err := f.Write(b); err != nil {
+	return errors.Wrap(t.Execute(f, _config.System), "config: failed to write logrotate to disk")
-		return err
+}
+
+// GetStatesPath returns the location of the JSON file that tracks server states.
+func (sc *SystemConfiguration) GetStatesPath() string {
+	return path.Join(sc.RootDirectory, "/states.json")
+}
+
+// ConfigureTimezone sets the timezone data for the configuration if it is
+// currently missing. If a value has been set, this functionality will only run
+// to validate that the timezone being used is valid.
+//
+// This function IS NOT thread-safe.
+func ConfigureTimezone() error {
+	tz := os.Getenv("TZ")
+	if _config.System.Timezone == "" && tz != "" {
+		_config.System.Timezone = tz
+	}
+	if _config.System.Timezone == "" {
+		b, err := os.ReadFile("/etc/timezone")
+		if err != nil {
+			if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+				return errors.WithMessage(err, "config: failed to open timezone file")
+			}
+
+			_config.System.Timezone = "UTC"
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second*5)
+			defer cancel()
+			// Okay, file isn't found on this OS, we will try using timedatectl to handle this. If this
+			// command fails, exit, but if it returns a value use that. If no value is returned we will
+			// fall through to UTC to get Wings booted at least.
+			out, err := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "timedatectl").Output()
+			if err != nil {
+				log.WithField("error", err).Warn("failed to execute \"timedatectl\" to determine system timezone, falling back to UTC")
+				return nil
+			}
+
+			r := regexp.MustCompile(`Time zone: ([\w/]+)`)
+			matches := r.FindSubmatch(out)
+			if len(matches) != 2 || string(matches[1]) == "" {
+				log.Warn("failed to parse timezone from \"timedatectl\" output, falling back to UTC")
+				return nil
+			}
+			_config.System.Timezone = string(matches[1])
+		} else {
+			_config.System.Timezone = string(b)
+		}
 	}
 
-	return nil
+	_config.System.Timezone = regexp.MustCompile(`(?i)[^a-z_/]+`).ReplaceAllString(_config.System.Timezone, "")
+	_, err := time.LoadLocation(_config.System.Timezone)
+
+	return errors.WithMessage(err, fmt.Sprintf("the supplied timezone %s is invalid", _config.System.Timezone))
 }
 
 // Gets the system release name.
 func getSystemName() (string, error) {
-	cmd := exec.Command("lsb_release", "-is")
+	// use osrelease to get release version and ID
-
+	release, err := osrelease.Read()
-	b, err := cmd.Output()
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
-
+	return release["ID"], nil
-	return string(b), nil
+}
+
+var openat2 atomic.Bool
+var openat2Set atomic.Bool
+
+func UseOpenat2() bool {
+	if openat2Set.Load() {
+		return openat2.Load()
+	}
+	defer openat2Set.Store(true)
+
+	c := Get()
+	openatMode := c.System.OpenatMode
+	switch openatMode {
+	case "openat2":
+		openat2.Store(true)
+		return true
+	case "openat":
+		openat2.Store(false)
+		return false
+	default:
+		fd, err := unix.Openat2(unix.AT_FDCWD, "/", &unix.OpenHow{})
+		if err != nil {
+			log.WithError(err).Warn("error occurred while checking for openat2 support, falling back to openat")
+			openat2.Store(false)
+			return false
+		}
+		_ = unix.Close(fd)
+		openat2.Store(true)
+		return true
+	}
 }

config/config_docker.go

@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+package config
+
+import (
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"sort"
+
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/registry"
+	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
+)
+
+type dockerNetworkInterfaces struct {
+	V4 struct {
+		Subnet  string `default:"172.18.0.0/16"`
+		Gateway string `default:"172.18.0.1"`
+	}
+	V6 struct {
+		Subnet  string `default:"fdba:17c8:6c94::/64"`
+		Gateway string `default:"fdba:17c8:6c94::1011"`
+	}
+}
+
+type DockerNetworkConfiguration struct {
+	// The interface that should be used to create the network. Must not conflict
+	// with any other interfaces in use by Docker or on the system.
+	Interface string `default:"172.18.0.1" json:"interface" yaml:"interface"`
+
+	// The DNS settings for containers.
+	Dns []string `default:"[\"1.1.1.1\", \"1.0.0.1\"]"`
+
+	// The name of the network to use. If this network already exists it will not
+	// be created. If it is not found, a new network will be created using the interface
+	// defined.
+	Name       string                  `default:"pterodactyl_nw"`
+	ISPN       bool                    `default:"false" yaml:"ispn"`
+	Driver     string                  `default:"bridge"`
+	Mode       string                  `default:"pterodactyl_nw" yaml:"network_mode"`
+	IsInternal bool                    `default:"false" yaml:"is_internal"`
+	EnableICC  bool                    `default:"true" yaml:"enable_icc"`
+	NetworkMTU int64                   `default:"1500" yaml:"network_mtu"`
+	Interfaces dockerNetworkInterfaces `yaml:"interfaces"`
+}
+
+// DockerConfiguration defines the docker configuration used by the daemon when
+// interacting with containers and networks on the system.
+type DockerConfiguration struct {
+	// Network configuration that should be used when creating a new network
+	// for containers run through the daemon.
+	Network DockerNetworkConfiguration `json:"network" yaml:"network"`
+
+	// Domainname is the Docker domainname for all containers.
+	Domainname string `default:"" json:"domainname" yaml:"domainname"`
+
+	// Registries .
+	Registries map[string]RegistryConfiguration `json:"registries" yaml:"registries"`
+
+	// TmpfsSize specifies the size for the /tmp directory mounted into containers. Please be
+	// aware that Docker utilizes the host's system memory for this value, and that we do not
+	// keep track of the space used there, so avoid allocating too much to a server.
+	TmpfsSize uint `default:"100" json:"tmpfs_size" yaml:"tmpfs_size"`
+
+	// ContainerPidLimit sets the total number of processes that can be active in a container
+	// at any given moment. This is a security concern in shared-hosting environments where a
+	// malicious process could create enough processes to cause the host node to run out of
+	// available pids and crash.
+	ContainerPidLimit int64 `default:"512" json:"container_pid_limit" yaml:"container_pid_limit"`
+
+	// InstallerLimits defines the limits on the installer containers that prevents a server's
+	// installation process from unintentionally consuming more resources than expected. This
+	// is used in conjunction with the server's defined limits. Whichever value is higher will
+	// take precedence in the installer containers.
+	InstallerLimits struct {
+		Memory int64 `default:"1024" json:"memory" yaml:"memory"`
+		Cpu    int64 `default:"100" json:"cpu" yaml:"cpu"`
+	} `json:"installer_limits" yaml:"installer_limits"`
+
+	// Overhead controls the memory overhead given to all containers to circumvent certain
+	// software such as the JVM not staying below the maximum memory limit.
+	Overhead Overhead `json:"overhead" yaml:"overhead"`
+
+	UsePerformantInspect bool `default:"true" json:"use_performant_inspect" yaml:"use_performant_inspect"`
+
+	// Sets the user namespace mode for the container when user namespace remapping option is
+	// enabled.
+	//
+	// If the value is blank, the daemon's user namespace remapping configuration is used,
+	// if the value is "host", then the pterodactyl containers are started with user namespace
+	// remapping disabled
+	UsernsMode string `default:"" json:"userns_mode" yaml:"userns_mode"`
+
+	LogConfig struct {
+		Type   string            `default:"local" json:"type" yaml:"type"`
+		Config map[string]string `default:"{\"max-size\":\"5m\",\"max-file\":\"1\",\"compress\":\"false\",\"mode\":\"non-blocking\"}" json:"config" yaml:"config"`
+	} `json:"log_config" yaml:"log_config"`
+}
+
+func (c DockerConfiguration) ContainerLogConfig() container.LogConfig {
+	if c.LogConfig.Type == "" {
+		return container.LogConfig{}
+	}
+
+	return container.LogConfig{
+		Type:   c.LogConfig.Type,
+		Config: c.LogConfig.Config,
+	}
+}
+
+// RegistryConfiguration defines the authentication credentials for a given
+// Docker registry.
+type RegistryConfiguration struct {
+	Username string `yaml:"username"`
+	Password string `yaml:"password"`
+}
+
+// Base64 returns the authentication for a given registry as a base64 encoded
+// string value.
+func (c RegistryConfiguration) Base64() (string, error) {
+	b, err := json.Marshal(registry.AuthConfig{
+		Username: c.Username,
+		Password: c.Password,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return base64.URLEncoding.EncodeToString(b), nil
+}
+
+// Overhead controls the memory overhead given to all containers to circumvent certain
+// software such as the JVM not staying below the maximum memory limit.
+type Overhead struct {
+	// Override controls if the overhead limits should be overridden by the values in the config file.
+	Override bool `default:"false" json:"override" yaml:"override"`
+
+	// DefaultMultiplier sets the default multiplier for if no Multipliers are able to be applied.
+	DefaultMultiplier float64 `default:"1.05" json:"default_multiplier" yaml:"default_multiplier"`
+
+	// Multipliers allows overriding DefaultMultiplier depending on the amount of memory
+	// configured for a server.
+	//
+	// Default values (used if Override is `false`)
+	// - Less than 2048 MB of memory, multiplier of 1.15 (15%)
+	// - Less than 4096 MB of memory, multiplier of 1.10 (10%)
+	// - Otherwise, multiplier of 1.05 (5%) - specified in DefaultMultiplier
+	//
+	// If the defaults were specified in the config they would look like:
+	// ```yaml
+	// multipliers:
+	//   2048: 1.15
+	//   4096: 1.10
+	// ```
+	Multipliers map[int]float64 `json:"multipliers" yaml:"multipliers"`
+}
+
+func (o Overhead) GetMultiplier(memoryLimit int64) float64 {
+	// Default multiplier values.
+	if !o.Override {
+		if memoryLimit <= 2048 {
+			return 1.15
+		} else if memoryLimit <= 4096 {
+			return 1.10
+		}
+		return 1.05
+	}
+
+	// This plucks the keys of the Multipliers map, so they can be sorted from
+	// smallest to largest in order to correctly apply the proper multiplier.
+	i := 0
+	multipliers := make([]int, len(o.Multipliers))
+	for k := range o.Multipliers {
+		multipliers[i] = k
+		i++
+	}
+	sort.Ints(multipliers)
+
+	// Loop through the memory values in order (smallest to largest)
+	for _, m := range multipliers {
+		// If the server's memory limit exceeds the modifier's limit, don't apply it.
+		if memoryLimit > int64(m) {
+			continue
+		}
+		return o.Multipliers[m]
+	}
+
+	return o.DefaultMultiplier
+}

const.go

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-const (
-	// The current version of this software.
-	Version = "0.0.1"
-)

data/.gitignore

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-servers/*.yml
-!install_logs/.gitkeep
-install_logs/*

docker-compose.example.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+version: '3.8'
+
+services:
+  wings:
+    image: ghcr.io/pterodactyl/wings:latest
+    restart: always
+    networks:
+      - wings0
+    ports:
+      - "8080:8080"
+      - "2022:2022"
+    tty: true
+    environment:
+      TZ: "UTC"
+      WINGS_UID: 988
+      WINGS_GID: 988
+      WINGS_USERNAME: pterodactyl
+    volumes:
+      - "/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock"
+      - "/var/lib/docker/containers/:/var/lib/docker/containers/"
+      - "/etc/pterodactyl/:/etc/pterodactyl/"
+      - "/var/lib/pterodactyl/:/var/lib/pterodactyl/"
+      - "/var/log/pterodactyl/:/var/log/pterodactyl/"
+      - "/tmp/pterodactyl/:/tmp/pterodactyl/"
+      - "/etc/ssl/certs:/etc/ssl/certs:ro"
+      # you may need /srv/daemon-data if you are upgrading from an old daemon
+      #- "/srv/daemon-data/:/srv/daemon-data/"
+      # Required for ssl if you use let's encrypt. uncomment to use.
+      #- "/etc/letsencrypt/:/etc/letsencrypt/"
+
+networks:
+  wings0:
+    name: wings0
+    driver: bridge
+    ipam:
+      config:
+        - subnet: "172.21.0.0/16"
+    driver_opts:
+      com.docker.network.bridge.name: wings0

environment.go

@@ -1,95 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/network"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/client"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
-	"go.uber.org/zap"
-)
-
-// Configures the required network for the docker environment.
-func ConfigureDockerEnvironment(c *config.DockerConfiguration) error {
-	// Ensure the required docker network exists on the system.
-	cli, err := client.NewClientWithOpts(client.FromEnv)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	resource, err := cli.NetworkInspect(context.Background(), c.Network.Name, types.NetworkInspectOptions{})
-	if err != nil && client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
-		zap.S().Infow("creating missing pterodactyl0 interface, this could take a few seconds...")
-		return createDockerNetwork(cli, c)
-	} else if err != nil {
-		zap.S().Fatalw("failed to create required docker network for containers", zap.Error(err))
-	}
-
-	switch resource.Driver {
-	case "host":
-		c.Network.Interface = "127.0.0.1"
-		c.Network.ISPN = false
-		return nil
-	case "overlay":
-	case "weavemesh":
-		c.Network.Interface = ""
-		c.Network.ISPN = true
-		return nil
-	default:
-		c.Network.ISPN = false
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Creates a new network on the machine if one does not exist already.
-func createDockerNetwork(cli *client.Client, c *config.DockerConfiguration) error {
-	_, err := cli.NetworkCreate(context.Background(), c.Network.Name, types.NetworkCreate{
-		Driver:     c.Network.Driver,
-		EnableIPv6: true,
-		Internal:   c.Network.IsInternal,
-		IPAM: &network.IPAM{
-			Config: []network.IPAMConfig{
-				{
-					Subnet:  c.Network.Interfaces.V4.Subnet,
-					Gateway: c.Network.Interfaces.V4.Gateway,
-				},
-				{
-					Subnet:  c.Network.Interfaces.V6.Subnet,
-					Gateway: c.Network.Interfaces.V6.Gateway,
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		Options: map[string]string{
-			"encryption": "false",
-			"com.docker.network.bridge.default_bridge":       "false",
-			"com.docker.network.bridge.enable_icc":           "true",
-			"com.docker.network.bridge.enable_ip_masquerade": "true",
-			"com.docker.network.bridge.host_binding_ipv4":    "0.0.0.0",
-			"com.docker.network.bridge.name":                 "pterodactyl0",
-			"com.docker.network.driver.mtu":                  "1500",
-		},
-	})
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	switch c.Network.Driver {
-	case "host":
-		c.Network.Interface = "127.0.0.1"
-		c.Network.ISPN = false
-		break
-	case "overlay":
-	case "weavemesh":
-		c.Network.Interface = ""
-		c.Network.ISPN = true
-		break
-	default:
-		c.Network.Interface = c.Network.Interfaces.V4.Gateway
-		c.Network.ISPN = false
-		break
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}

environment/allocations.go

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+package environment
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+
+	"github.com/docker/go-connections/nat"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+)
+
+// Defines the allocations available for a given server. When using the Docker environment
+// driver these correspond to mappings for the container that allow external connections.
+type Allocations struct {
+	// ForceOutgoingIP causes a dedicated bridge network to be created for the
+	// server with a special option, causing Docker to SNAT outgoing traffic to
+	// the DefaultMapping's IP. This is important to servers which rely on external
+	// services that check the IP of the server (Source Engine servers, for example).
+	ForceOutgoingIP bool `json:"force_outgoing_ip"`
+	// Defines the default allocation that should be used for this server. This is
+	// what will be used for {SERVER_IP} and {SERVER_PORT} when modifying configuration
+	// files or the startup arguments for a server.
+	DefaultMapping struct {
+		Ip   string `json:"ip"`
+		Port int    `json:"port"`
+	} `json:"default"`
+
+	// Mappings contains all the ports that should be assigned to a given server
+	// attached to the IP they correspond to.
+	Mappings map[string][]int `json:"mappings"`
+}
+
+// Converts the server allocation mappings into a format that can be understood by Docker. While
+// we do strive to support multiple environments, using Docker's standardized format for the
+// bindings certainly makes life a little easier for managing things.
+//
+// You'll want to use DockerBindings() if you need to re-map 127.0.0.1 to the Docker interface.
+func (a *Allocations) Bindings() nat.PortMap {
+	out := nat.PortMap{}
+
+	for ip, ports := range a.Mappings {
+		for _, port := range ports {
+			// Skip over invalid ports.
+			if port < 1 || port > 65535 {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			binding := nat.PortBinding{
+				HostIP:   ip,
+				HostPort: strconv.Itoa(port),
+			}
+
+			tcp := nat.Port(fmt.Sprintf("%d/tcp", port))
+			udp := nat.Port(fmt.Sprintf("%d/udp", port))
+
+			out[tcp] = append(out[tcp], binding)
+			out[udp] = append(out[udp], binding)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return out
+}
+
+// Returns the bindings for the server in a way that is supported correctly by Docker. This replaces
+// any reference to 127.0.0.1 with the IP of the pterodactyl0 network interface which will allow the
+// server to operate on a local address while still being accessible by other containers.
+func (a *Allocations) DockerBindings() nat.PortMap {
+	iface := config.Get().Docker.Network.Interface
+
+	out := a.Bindings()
+	// Loop over all the bindings for this container, and convert any that reference 127.0.0.1
+	// to use the pterodactyl0 network interface IP, as that is the true local for what people are
+	// trying to do when creating servers.
+	for p, binds := range out {
+		for i, alloc := range binds {
+			if alloc.HostIP != "127.0.0.1" {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			// If using ISPN just delete the local allocation from the server.
+			if config.Get().Docker.Network.ISPN {
+				out[p] = append(out[p][:i], out[p][i+1:]...)
+			} else {
+				out[p][i] = nat.PortBinding{
+					HostIP:   iface,
+					HostPort: alloc.HostPort,
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return out
+}
+
+// Converts the server allocation mappings into a PortSet that can be understood
+// by Docker. This formatting is slightly different than "Bindings" as it should
+// return an empty struct rather than a binding.
+//
+// To accomplish this, we'll just get the values from "DockerBindings" and then set them
+// to empty structs. Because why not.
+func (a *Allocations) Exposed() nat.PortSet {
+	out := nat.PortSet{}
+
+	for port := range a.DockerBindings() {
+		out[port] = struct{}{}
+	}
+
+	return out
+}

environment/config.go

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+package environment
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+)
+
+type Settings struct {
+	Mounts      []Mount
+	Allocations Allocations
+	Limits      Limits
+	Labels      map[string]string
+}
+
+// Defines the actual configuration struct for the environment with all of the settings
+// defined within it.
+type Configuration struct {
+	mu sync.RWMutex
+
+	environmentVariables []string
+	settings             Settings
+}
+
+// Returns a new environment configuration with the given settings and environment variables
+// defined within it.
+func NewConfiguration(s Settings, envVars []string) *Configuration {
+	return &Configuration{
+		environmentVariables: envVars,
+		settings:             s,
+	}
+}
+
+// Updates the settings struct for this environment on the fly. This allows modified servers to
+// automatically push those changes to the environment.
+func (c *Configuration) SetSettings(s Settings) {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	c.settings = s
+	c.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+// Updates the environment variables associated with this environment by replacing the entire
+// array of them with a new one.
+func (c *Configuration) SetEnvironmentVariables(ev []string) {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	c.environmentVariables = ev
+	c.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+// Returns the limits assigned to this environment.
+func (c *Configuration) Limits() Limits {
+	c.mu.RLock()
+	defer c.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	return c.settings.Limits
+}
+
+// Returns the allocations associated with this environment.
+func (c *Configuration) Allocations() Allocations {
+	c.mu.RLock()
+	defer c.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	return c.settings.Allocations
+}
+
+// Returns all of the mounts associated with this environment.
+func (c *Configuration) Mounts() []Mount {
+	c.mu.RLock()
+	defer c.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	return c.settings.Mounts
+}
+
+// Labels returns the container labels associated with this instance.
+func (c *Configuration) Labels() map[string]string {
+	c.mu.RLock()
+	defer c.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	return c.settings.Labels
+}
+
+// Returns the environment variables associated with this instance.
+func (c *Configuration) EnvironmentVariables() []string {
+	c.mu.RLock()
+	defer c.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	return c.environmentVariables
+}

environment/docker.go

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+package environment
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"strconv"
+	"sync"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/network"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/client"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+)
+
+var (
+	_conce  sync.Once
+	_client *client.Client
+)
+
+// Docker returns a docker client to be used throughout the codebase. Once a
+// client has been created it will be returned for all subsequent calls to this
+// function.
+func Docker() (*client.Client, error) {
+	var err error
+	_conce.Do(func() {
+		_client, err = client.NewClientWithOpts(client.FromEnv, client.WithAPIVersionNegotiation())
+	})
+	return _client, errors.Wrap(err, "environment/docker: could not create client")
+}
+
+// ConfigureDocker configures the required network for the docker environment.
+func ConfigureDocker(ctx context.Context) error {
+	// Ensure the required docker network exists on the system.
+	cli, err := Docker()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	nw := config.Get().Docker.Network
+	resource, err := cli.NetworkInspect(ctx, nw.Name, types.NetworkInspectOptions{})
+	if err != nil {
+		if !client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		log.Info("creating missing pterodactyl0 interface, this could take a few seconds...")
+		if err := createDockerNetwork(ctx, cli); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	config.Update(func(c *config.Configuration) {
+		c.Docker.Network.Driver = resource.Driver
+		switch c.Docker.Network.Driver {
+		case "host":
+			c.Docker.Network.Interface = "127.0.0.1"
+			c.Docker.Network.ISPN = false
+		case "overlay":
+			fallthrough
+		case "weavemesh":
+			c.Docker.Network.Interface = ""
+			c.Docker.Network.ISPN = true
+		default:
+			c.Docker.Network.ISPN = false
+		}
+	})
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Creates a new network on the machine if one does not exist already.
+func createDockerNetwork(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client) error {
+	nw := config.Get().Docker.Network
+	_, err := cli.NetworkCreate(ctx, nw.Name, types.NetworkCreate{
+		Driver:     nw.Driver,
+		EnableIPv6: true,
+		Internal:   nw.IsInternal,
+		IPAM: &network.IPAM{
+			Config: []network.IPAMConfig{{
+				Subnet:  nw.Interfaces.V4.Subnet,
+				Gateway: nw.Interfaces.V4.Gateway,
+			}, {
+				Subnet:  nw.Interfaces.V6.Subnet,
+				Gateway: nw.Interfaces.V6.Gateway,
+			}},
+		},
+		Options: map[string]string{
+			"encryption": "false",
+			"com.docker.network.bridge.default_bridge":       "false",
+			"com.docker.network.bridge.enable_icc":           strconv.FormatBool(nw.EnableICC),
+			"com.docker.network.bridge.enable_ip_masquerade": "true",
+			"com.docker.network.bridge.host_binding_ipv4":    "0.0.0.0",
+			"com.docker.network.bridge.name":                 "pterodactyl0",
+			"com.docker.network.driver.mtu":                  strconv.FormatInt(nw.NetworkMTU, 10),
+		},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if nw.Driver != "host" && nw.Driver != "overlay" && nw.Driver != "weavemesh" {
+		config.Update(func(c *config.Configuration) {
+			c.Docker.Network.Interface = c.Docker.Network.Interfaces.V4.Gateway
+		})
+	}
+	return nil
+}

environment/docker/api.go

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+package docker
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/versions"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/client"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/errdefs"
+	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+)
+
+var (
+	o           sync.Once
+	cli         cliSettings
+	fastEnabled bool
+)
+
+type cliSettings struct {
+	enabled bool
+	proto   string
+	host    string
+	scheme  string
+	version string
+}
+
+func configure(c *client.Client) {
+	o.Do(func() {
+		fastEnabled = config.Get().Docker.UsePerformantInspect
+
+		r := reflect.ValueOf(c).Elem()
+		cli.proto = r.FieldByName("proto").String()
+		cli.host = r.FieldByName("addr").String()
+		cli.scheme = r.FieldByName("scheme").String()
+		cli.version = r.FieldByName("version").String()
+	})
+}
+
+// ContainerInspect is a rough equivalent of Docker's client.ContainerInspect()
+// but re-written to use a more performant JSON decoder. This is important since
+// a large number of requests to this endpoint are spawned by Wings, and the
+// standard "encoding/json" shows its performance woes badly even with single
+// containers running.
+func (e *Environment) ContainerInspect(ctx context.Context) (types.ContainerJSON, error) {
+	configure(e.client)
+
+	// Support feature flagging of this functionality so that if something goes
+	// wrong for now it is easy enough for people to switch back to the older method
+	// of fetching stats.
+	if !fastEnabled {
+		return e.client.ContainerInspect(ctx, e.Id)
+	}
+
+	var st types.ContainerJSON
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, "/containers/"+e.Id+"/json", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return st, errors.WithStack(err)
+	}
+
+	if cli.proto == "unix" || cli.proto == "npipe" {
+		req.Host = "docker"
+	}
+
+	req.URL.Host = cli.host
+	req.URL.Scheme = cli.scheme
+
+	res, err := e.client.HTTPClient().Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		if res == nil {
+			return st, errdefs.Unknown(err)
+		}
+		return st, errdefs.FromStatusCode(err, res.StatusCode)
+	}
+
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return st, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to read response body from Docker")
+	}
+	if err := parseErrorFromResponse(res, body); err != nil {
+		return st, errdefs.FromStatusCode(err, res.StatusCode)
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &st); err != nil {
+		return st, errors.WithStack(err)
+	}
+	return st, nil
+}
+
+// parseErrorFromResponse is a re-implementation of Docker's
+// client.checkResponseErr() function.
+func parseErrorFromResponse(res *http.Response, body []byte) error {
+	if res.StatusCode >= 200 && res.StatusCode < 400 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var ct string
+	if res.Header != nil {
+		ct = res.Header.Get("Content-Type")
+	}
+
+	var emsg string
+	if (cli.version == "" || versions.GreaterThan(cli.version, "1.23")) && ct == "application/json" {
+		var errResp types.ErrorResponse
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &errResp); err != nil {
+			return errors.WithStack(err)
+		}
+		emsg = strings.TrimSpace(errResp.Message)
+	} else {
+		emsg = strings.TrimSpace(string(body))
+	}
+
+	return errors.Wrap(errors.New(emsg), "Error response from daemon")
+}

environment/docker/container.go

@@ -0,0 +1,452 @@
+package docker
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/buger/jsonparser"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/mount"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/client"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/environment"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
+)
+
+var ErrNotAttached = errors.Sentinel("not attached to instance")
+
+// A custom console writer that allows us to keep a function blocked until the
+// given stream is properly closed. This does nothing special, only exists to
+// make a noop io.Writer.
+type noopWriter struct{}
+
+var _ io.Writer = noopWriter{}
+
+// Implement the required Write function to satisfy the io.Writer interface.
+func (nw noopWriter) Write(b []byte) (int, error) {
+	return len(b), nil
+}
+
+// Attach attaches to the docker container itself and ensures that we can pipe
+// data in and out of the process stream. This should always be called before
+// you have started the container, but after you've ensured it exists.
+//
+// Calling this function will poll resources for the container in the background
+// until the container is stopped. The context provided to this function is used
+// for the purposes of attaching to the container, a second context is created
+// within the function for managing polling.
+func (e *Environment) Attach(ctx context.Context) error {
+	if e.IsAttached() {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	opts := types.ContainerAttachOptions{
+		Stdin:  true,
+		Stdout: true,
+		Stderr: true,
+		Stream: true,
+	}
+
+	// Set the stream again with the container.
+	if st, err := e.client.ContainerAttach(ctx, e.Id, opts); err != nil {
+		return errors.WrapIf(err, "environment/docker: error while attaching to container")
+	} else {
+		e.SetStream(&st)
+	}
+
+	go func() {
+		// Don't use the context provided to the function, that'll cause the polling to
+		// exit unexpectedly. We want a custom context for this, the one passed to the
+		// function is to avoid a hang situation when trying to attach to a container.
+		pollCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+		defer cancel()
+		defer e.stream.Close()
+		defer func() {
+			e.SetState(environment.ProcessOfflineState)
+			e.SetStream(nil)
+		}()
+
+		go func() {
+			if err := e.pollResources(pollCtx); err != nil {
+				if !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
+					e.log().WithField("error", err).Error("error during environment resource polling")
+				} else {
+					e.log().Warn("stopping server resource polling: context canceled")
+				}
+			}
+		}()
+
+		if err := system.ScanReader(e.stream.Reader, func(v []byte) {
+			e.logCallbackMx.Lock()
+			defer e.logCallbackMx.Unlock()
+			e.logCallback(v)
+		}); err != nil && err != io.EOF {
+			log.WithField("error", err).WithField("container_id", e.Id).Warn("error processing scanner line in console output")
+			return
+		}
+	}()
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// InSituUpdate performs an in-place update of the Docker container's resource
+// limits without actually making any changes to the operational state of the
+// container. This allows memory, cpu, and IO limitations to be adjusted on the
+// fly for individual instances.
+func (e *Environment) InSituUpdate() error {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second*10)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	if _, err := e.ContainerInspect(ctx); err != nil {
+		// If the container doesn't exist for some reason there really isn't anything
+		// we can do to fix that in this process (it doesn't make sense at least). In those
+		// cases just return without doing anything since we still want to save the configuration
+		// to the disk.
+		//
+		// We'll let a boot process make modifications to the container if needed at this point.
+		if client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "environment/docker: could not inspect container")
+	}
+
+	// CPU pinning cannot be removed once it is applied to a container. The same is true
+	// for removing memory limits, a container must be re-created.
+	//
+	// @see https://github.com/moby/moby/issues/41946
+	if _, err := e.client.ContainerUpdate(ctx, e.Id, container.UpdateConfig{
+		Resources: e.Configuration.Limits().AsContainerResources(),
+	}); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "environment/docker: could not update container")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Create creates a new container for the server using all the data that is
+// currently available for it. If the container already exists it will be
+// returned.
+func (e *Environment) Create() error {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// If the container already exists don't hit the user with an error, just return
+	// the current information about it which is what we would do when creating the
+	// container anyways.
+	if _, err := e.ContainerInspect(ctx); err == nil {
+		return nil
+	} else if !client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+		return errors.WrapIf(err, "environment/docker: failed to inspect container")
+	}
+
+	// Try to pull the requested image before creating the container.
+	if err := e.ensureImageExists(e.meta.Image); err != nil {
+		return errors.WithStackIf(err)
+	}
+
+	cfg := config.Get()
+	a := e.Configuration.Allocations()
+	evs := e.Configuration.EnvironmentVariables()
+	for i, v := range evs {
+		// Convert 127.0.0.1 to the pterodactyl0 network interface if the environment is Docker
+		// so that the server operates as expected.
+		if v == "SERVER_IP=127.0.0.1" {
+			evs[i] = "SERVER_IP=" + cfg.Docker.Network.Interface
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Merge user-provided labels with system labels
+	confLabels := e.Configuration.Labels()
+	labels := make(map[string]string, 2+len(confLabels))
+
+	for key := range confLabels {
+		labels[key] = confLabels[key]
+	}
+	labels["Service"] = "Pterodactyl"
+	labels["ContainerType"] = "server_process"
+
+	conf := &container.Config{
+		Hostname:     e.Id,
+		Domainname:   cfg.Docker.Domainname,
+		AttachStdin:  true,
+		AttachStdout: true,
+		AttachStderr: true,
+		OpenStdin:    true,
+		Tty:          true,
+		ExposedPorts: a.Exposed(),
+		Image:        strings.TrimPrefix(e.meta.Image, "~"),
+		Env:          e.Configuration.EnvironmentVariables(),
+		Labels:       labels,
+	}
+
+	// Set the user running the container properly depending on what mode we are operating in.
+	if cfg.System.User.Rootless.Enabled {
+		conf.User = fmt.Sprintf("%d:%d", cfg.System.User.Rootless.ContainerUID, cfg.System.User.Rootless.ContainerGID)
+	} else {
+		conf.User = strconv.Itoa(cfg.System.User.Uid) + ":" + strconv.Itoa(cfg.System.User.Gid)
+	}
+
+	networkMode := container.NetworkMode(cfg.Docker.Network.Mode)
+	if a.ForceOutgoingIP {
+		e.log().Debug("environment/docker: forcing outgoing IP address")
+		networkName := "ip-" + strings.ReplaceAll(strings.ReplaceAll(a.DefaultMapping.Ip, ".", "-"), ":", "-")
+		networkMode = container.NetworkMode(networkName)
+
+		if _, err := e.client.NetworkInspect(ctx, networkName, types.NetworkInspectOptions{}); err != nil {
+			if !client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			if _, err := e.client.NetworkCreate(ctx, networkName, types.NetworkCreate{
+				Driver:     "bridge",
+				EnableIPv6: false,
+				Internal:   false,
+				Attachable: false,
+				Ingress:    false,
+				ConfigOnly: false,
+				Options: map[string]string{
+					"encryption": "false",
+					"com.docker.network.bridge.default_bridge": "false",
+					"com.docker.network.host_ipv4":             a.DefaultMapping.Ip,
+				},
+			}); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	hostConf := &container.HostConfig{
+		PortBindings: a.DockerBindings(),
+
+		// Configure the mounts for this container. First mount the server data directory
+		// into the container as an r/w bind.
+		Mounts: e.convertMounts(),
+
+		// Configure the /tmp folder mapping in containers. This is necessary for some
+		// games that need to make use of it for downloads and other installation processes.
+		Tmpfs: map[string]string{
+			"/tmp": "rw,exec,nosuid,size=" + strconv.Itoa(int(cfg.Docker.TmpfsSize)) + "M",
+		},
+
+		// Define resource limits for the container based on the data passed through
+		// from the Panel.
+		Resources: e.Configuration.Limits().AsContainerResources(),
+
+		DNS: cfg.Docker.Network.Dns,
+
+		// Configure logging for the container to make it easier on the Daemon to grab
+		// the server output. Ensure that we don't use too much space on the host machine
+		// since we only need it for the last few hundred lines of output and don't care
+		// about anything else in it.
+		LogConfig: cfg.Docker.ContainerLogConfig(),
+
+		SecurityOpt:    []string{"no-new-privileges"},
+		ReadonlyRootfs: true,
+		CapDrop: []string{
+			"setpcap", "mknod", "audit_write", "net_raw", "dac_override",
+			"fowner", "fsetid", "net_bind_service", "sys_chroot", "setfcap",
+		},
+		NetworkMode: networkMode,
+		UsernsMode:  container.UsernsMode(cfg.Docker.UsernsMode),
+	}
+
+	if _, err := e.client.ContainerCreate(ctx, conf, hostConf, nil, nil, e.Id); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "environment/docker: failed to create container")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Destroy will remove the Docker container from the server. If the container
+// is currently running it will be forcibly stopped by Docker.
+func (e *Environment) Destroy() error {
+	// We set it to stopping than offline to prevent crash detection from being triggered.
+	e.SetState(environment.ProcessStoppingState)
+
+	err := e.client.ContainerRemove(context.Background(), e.Id, types.ContainerRemoveOptions{
+		RemoveVolumes: true,
+		RemoveLinks:   false,
+		Force:         true,
+	})
+
+	e.SetState(environment.ProcessOfflineState)
+
+	// Don't trigger a destroy failure if we try to delete a container that does not
+	// exist on the system. We're just a step ahead of ourselves in that case.
+	//
+	// @see https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/issues/2001
+	if err != nil && client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return err
+}
+
+// SendCommand sends the specified command to the stdin of the running container
+// instance. There is no confirmation that this data is sent successfully, only
+// that it gets pushed into the stdin.
+func (e *Environment) SendCommand(c string) error {
+	if !e.IsAttached() {
+		return errors.Wrap(ErrNotAttached, "environment/docker: cannot send command to container")
+	}
+
+	e.mu.RLock()
+	defer e.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	// If the command being processed is the same as the process stop command then we
+	// want to mark the server as entering the stopping state otherwise the process will
+	// stop and Wings will think it has crashed and attempt to restart it.
+	if e.meta.Stop.Type == "command" && c == e.meta.Stop.Value {
+		e.SetState(environment.ProcessStoppingState)
+	}
+
+	_, err := e.stream.Conn.Write([]byte(c + "\n"))
+
+	return errors.Wrap(err, "environment/docker: could not write to container stream")
+}
+
+// Readlog reads the log file for the server. This does not care if the server
+// is running or not, it will simply try to read the last X bytes of the file
+// and return them.
+func (e *Environment) Readlog(lines int) ([]string, error) {
+	r, err := e.client.ContainerLogs(context.Background(), e.Id, types.ContainerLogsOptions{
+		ShowStdout: true,
+		ShowStderr: true,
+		Tail:       strconv.Itoa(lines),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.WithStack(err)
+	}
+	defer r.Close()
+
+	var out []string
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(r)
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		out = append(out, scanner.Text())
+	}
+
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// Pulls the image from Docker. If there is an error while pulling the image
+// from the source but the image already exists locally, we will report that
+// error to the logger but continue with the process.
+//
+// The reasoning behind this is that Quay has had some serious outages as of
+// late, and we don't need to block all the servers from booting just because
+// of that. I'd imagine in a lot of cases an outage shouldn't affect users too
+// badly. It'll at least keep existing servers working correctly if anything.
+func (e *Environment) ensureImageExists(image string) error {
+	e.Events().Publish(environment.DockerImagePullStarted, "")
+	defer e.Events().Publish(environment.DockerImagePullCompleted, "")
+
+	// Images prefixed with a ~ are local images that we do not need to try and pull.
+	if strings.HasPrefix(image, "~") {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Give it up to 15 minutes to pull the image. I think this should cover 99.8% of cases where an
+	// image pull might fail. I can't imagine it will ever take more than 15 minutes to fully pull
+	// an image. Let me know when I am inevitably wrong here...
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Minute*15)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	// Get a registry auth configuration from the config.
+	var registryAuth *config.RegistryConfiguration
+	for registry, c := range config.Get().Docker.Registries {
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(image, registry) {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		log.WithField("registry", registry).Debug("using authentication for registry")
+		registryAuth = &c
+		break
+	}
+
+	// Get the ImagePullOptions.
+	imagePullOptions := types.ImagePullOptions{All: false}
+	if registryAuth != nil {
+		b64, err := registryAuth.Base64()
+		if err != nil {
+			log.WithError(err).Error("failed to get registry auth credentials")
+		}
+
+		// b64 is a string so if there is an error it will just be empty, not nil.
+		imagePullOptions.RegistryAuth = b64
+	}
+
+	out, err := e.client.ImagePull(ctx, image, imagePullOptions)
+	if err != nil {
+		images, ierr := e.client.ImageList(ctx, types.ImageListOptions{})
+		if ierr != nil {
+			// Well damn, something has gone really wrong here, just go ahead and abort there
+			// isn't much anything we can do to try and self-recover from this.
+			return errors.Wrap(ierr, "environment/docker: failed to list images")
+		}
+
+		for _, img := range images {
+			for _, t := range img.RepoTags {
+				if t != image {
+					continue
+				}
+
+				log.WithFields(log.Fields{
+					"image":        image,
+					"container_id": e.Id,
+					"err":          err.Error(),
+				}).Warn("unable to pull requested image from remote source, however the image exists locally")
+
+				// Okay, we found a matching container image, in that case just go ahead and return
+				// from this function, since there is nothing else we need to do here.
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "environment/docker: failed to pull \"%s\" image for server", image)
+	}
+	defer out.Close()
+
+	log.WithField("image", image).Debug("pulling docker image... this could take a bit of time")
+
+	// I'm not sure what the best approach here is, but this will block execution until the image
+	// is done being pulled, which is what we need.
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(out)
+
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		b := scanner.Bytes()
+		status, _ := jsonparser.GetString(b, "status")
+		progress, _ := jsonparser.GetString(b, "progress")
+
+		e.Events().Publish(environment.DockerImagePullStatus, status+" "+progress)
+	}
+
+	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	log.WithField("image", image).Debug("completed docker image pull")
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (e *Environment) convertMounts() []mount.Mount {
+	var out []mount.Mount
+
+	for _, m := range e.Configuration.Mounts() {
+		out = append(out, mount.Mount{
+			Type:     mount.TypeBind,
+			Source:   m.Source,
+			Target:   m.Target,
+			ReadOnly: m.ReadOnly,
+		})
+	}
+
+	return out
+}

environment/docker/environment.go

@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+package docker
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"sync"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/client"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/environment"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/events"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/remote"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
+)
+
+type Metadata struct {
+	Image string
+	Stop  remote.ProcessStopConfiguration
+}
+
+// Ensure that the Docker environment is always implementing all the methods
+// from the base environment interface.
+var _ environment.ProcessEnvironment = (*Environment)(nil)
+
+type Environment struct {
+	mu sync.RWMutex
+
+	// The public identifier for this environment. In this case it is the Docker container
+	// name that will be used for all instances created under it.
+	Id string
+
+	// The environment configuration.
+	Configuration *environment.Configuration
+
+	meta *Metadata
+
+	// The Docker client being used for this instance.
+	client *client.Client
+
+	// Controls the hijacked response stream which exists only when we're attached to
+	// the running container instance.
+	stream *types.HijackedResponse
+
+	// Holds the stats stream used by the polling commands so that we can easily close it out.
+	stats io.ReadCloser
+
+	emitter *events.Bus
+
+	logCallbackMx sync.Mutex
+	logCallback   func([]byte)
+
+	// Tracks the environment state.
+	st *system.AtomicString
+}
+
+// New creates a new base Docker environment. The ID passed through will be the
+// ID that is used to reference the container from here on out. This should be
+// unique per-server (we use the UUID by default). The container does not need
+// to exist at this point.
+func New(id string, m *Metadata, c *environment.Configuration) (*Environment, error) {
+	cli, err := environment.Docker()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	e := &Environment{
+		Id:            id,
+		Configuration: c,
+		meta:          m,
+		client:        cli,
+		st:            system.NewAtomicString(environment.ProcessOfflineState),
+		emitter:       events.NewBus(),
+	}
+
+	return e, nil
+}
+
+func (e *Environment) log() *log.Entry {
+	return log.WithField("environment", e.Type()).WithField("container_id", e.Id)
+}
+
+func (e *Environment) Type() string {
+	return "docker"
+}
+
+// SetStream sets the current stream value from the Docker client. If a nil
+// value is provided we assume that the stream is no longer operational and the
+// instance is effectively offline.
+func (e *Environment) SetStream(s *types.HijackedResponse) {
+	e.mu.Lock()
+	e.stream = s
+	e.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+// IsAttached determines if this process is currently attached to the
+// container instance by checking if the stream is nil or not.
+func (e *Environment) IsAttached() bool {
+	e.mu.RLock()
+	defer e.mu.RUnlock()
+	return e.stream != nil
+}
+
+// Events returns an event bus for the environment.
+func (e *Environment) Events() *events.Bus {
+	return e.emitter
+}
+
+// Exists determines if the container exists in this environment. The ID passed
+// through should be the server UUID since containers are created utilizing the
+// server UUID as the name and docker will work fine when using the container
+// name as the lookup parameter in addition to the longer ID auto-assigned when
+// the container is created.
+func (e *Environment) Exists() (bool, error) {
+	_, err := e.ContainerInspect(context.Background())
+	if err != nil {
+		// If this error is because the container instance wasn't found via Docker we
+		// can safely ignore the error and just return false.
+		if client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+			return false, nil
+		}
+		return false, err
+	}
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+// IsRunning determines if the server's docker container is currently running.
+// If there is no container present, an error will be raised (since this
+// shouldn't be a case that ever happens under correctly developed
+// circumstances).
+//
+// You can confirm if the instance wasn't found by using client.IsErrNotFound
+// from the Docker API.
+//
+// @see docker/client/errors.go
+func (e *Environment) IsRunning(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
+	c, err := e.ContainerInspect(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	return c.State.Running, nil
+}
+
+// ExitState returns the container exit state, the exit code and whether or not
+// the container was killed by the OOM killer.
+func (e *Environment) ExitState() (uint32, bool, error) {
+	c, err := e.ContainerInspect(context.Background())
+	if err != nil {
+		// I'm not entirely sure how this can happen to be honest. I tried deleting a
+		// container _while_ a server was running and wings gracefully saw the crash and
+		// created a new container for it.
+		//
+		// However, someone reported an error in Discord about this scenario happening,
+		// so I guess this should prevent it? They didn't tell me how they caused it though
+		// so that's a mystery that will have to go unsolved.
+		//
+		// @see https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/issues/2003
+		if client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+			return 1, false, nil
+		}
+		return 0, false, errors.WrapIf(err, "environment/docker: failed to inspect container")
+	}
+	return uint32(c.State.ExitCode), c.State.OOMKilled, nil
+}
+
+// Config returns the environment configuration allowing a process to make
+// modifications of the environment on the fly.
+func (e *Environment) Config() *environment.Configuration {
+	e.mu.RLock()
+	defer e.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	return e.Configuration
+}
+
+// SetStopConfiguration sets the stop configuration for the environment.
+func (e *Environment) SetStopConfiguration(c remote.ProcessStopConfiguration) {
+	e.mu.Lock()
+	e.meta.Stop = c
+	e.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+func (e *Environment) SetImage(i string) {
+	e.mu.Lock()
+	defer e.mu.Unlock()
+
+	e.meta.Image = i
+}
+
+func (e *Environment) State() string {
+	return e.st.Load()
+}
+
+// SetState sets the state of the environment. This emits an event that server's
+// can hook into to take their own actions and track their own state based on
+// the environment.
+func (e *Environment) SetState(state string) {
+	if state != environment.ProcessOfflineState &&
+		state != environment.ProcessStartingState &&
+		state != environment.ProcessRunningState &&
+		state != environment.ProcessStoppingState {
+		panic(errors.New(fmt.Sprintf("invalid server state received: %s", state)))
+	}
+
+	// Emit the event to any listeners that are currently registered.
+	if e.State() != state {
+		// If the state changed make sure we update the internal tracking to note that.
+		e.st.Store(state)
+		e.Events().Publish(environment.StateChangeEvent, state)
+	}
+}
+
+func (e *Environment) SetLogCallback(f func([]byte)) {
+	e.logCallbackMx.Lock()
+	defer e.logCallbackMx.Unlock()
+
+	e.logCallback = f
+}

environment/docker/power.go

@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+package docker
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/client"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/environment"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/remote"
+)
+
+// OnBeforeStart run before the container starts and get the process
+// configuration from the Panel. This is important since we use this to check
+// configuration files as well as ensure we always have the latest version of
+// an egg available for server processes.
+//
+// This process will also confirm that the server environment exists and is in
+// a bootable state. This ensures that unexpected container deletion while Wings
+// is running does not result in the server becoming un-bootable.
+func (e *Environment) OnBeforeStart(ctx context.Context) error {
+	// Always destroy and re-create the server container to ensure that synced data from the Panel is used.
+	if err := e.client.ContainerRemove(ctx, e.Id, types.ContainerRemoveOptions{RemoveVolumes: true}); err != nil {
+		if !client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+			return errors.WrapIf(err, "environment/docker: failed to remove container during pre-boot")
+		}
+	}
+
+	// The Create() function will check if the container exists in the first place, and if
+	// so just silently return without an error. Otherwise, it will try to create the necessary
+	// container and data storage directory.
+	//
+	// This won't actually run an installation process however, it is just here to ensure the
+	// environment gets created properly if it is missing and the server is started. We're making
+	// an assumption that all the files will still exist at this point.
+	if err := e.Create(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Start will start the server environment and begins piping output to the event
+// listeners for the console. If a container does not exist, or needs to be
+// rebuilt that will happen in the call to OnBeforeStart().
+func (e *Environment) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
+	sawError := false
+
+	// If sawError is set to true there was an error somewhere in the pipeline that
+	// got passed up, but we also want to ensure we set the server to be offline at
+	// that point.
+	defer func() {
+		if sawError {
+			// If we don't set it to stopping first, you'll trigger crash detection which
+			// we don't want to do at this point since it'll just immediately try to do the
+			// exact same action that lead to it crashing in the first place...
+			e.SetState(environment.ProcessStoppingState)
+			e.SetState(environment.ProcessOfflineState)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	if c, err := e.ContainerInspect(ctx); err != nil {
+		// Do nothing if the container is not found, we just don't want to continue
+		// to the next block of code here. This check was inlined here to guard against
+		// a nil-pointer when checking c.State below.
+		//
+		// @see https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/issues/2000
+		if !client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+			return errors.WrapIf(err, "environment/docker: failed to inspect container")
+		}
+	} else {
+		// If the server is running update our internal state and continue on with the attach.
+		if c.State.Running {
+			e.SetState(environment.ProcessRunningState)
+
+			return e.Attach(ctx)
+		}
+
+		// Truncate the log file, so we don't end up outputting a bunch of useless log information
+		// to the websocket and whatnot. Check first that the path and file exist before trying
+		// to truncate them.
+		if _, err := os.Stat(c.LogPath); err == nil {
+			if err := os.Truncate(c.LogPath, 0); err != nil {
+				return errors.Wrap(err, "environment/docker: failed to truncate instance logs")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	e.SetState(environment.ProcessStartingState)
+
+	// Set this to true for now, we will set it to false once we reach the
+	// end of this chain.
+	sawError = true
+
+	// Run the before start function and wait for it to finish. This will validate that the container
+	// exists on the system, and rebuild the container if that is required for server booting to
+	// occur.
+	if err := e.OnBeforeStart(ctx); err != nil {
+		return errors.WrapIf(err, "environment/docker: failed to run pre-boot process")
+	}
+
+	// If we cannot start & attach to the container in 30 seconds something has gone
+	// quite sideways, and we should stop trying to avoid a hanging situation.
+	actx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Second*30)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	// You must attach to the instance _before_ you start the container. If you do this
+	// in the opposite order you'll enter a deadlock condition where we're attached to
+	// the instance successfully, but the container has already stopped and you'll get
+	// the entire program into a very confusing state.
+	//
+	// By explicitly attaching to the instance before we start it, we can immediately
+	// react to errors/output stopping/etc. when starting.
+	if err := e.Attach(actx); err != nil {
+		return errors.WrapIf(err, "environment/docker: failed to attach to container")
+	}
+
+	if err := e.client.ContainerStart(actx, e.Id, types.ContainerStartOptions{}); err != nil {
+		return errors.WrapIf(err, "environment/docker: failed to start container")
+	}
+
+	// No errors, good to continue through.
+	sawError = false
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Stop stops the container that the server is running in. This will allow up to
+// 30 seconds to pass before the container is forcefully terminated if we are
+// trying to stop it without using a command sent into the instance.
+//
+// You most likely want to be using WaitForStop() rather than this function,
+// since this will return as soon as the command is sent, rather than waiting
+// for the process to be completed stopped.
+func (e *Environment) Stop(ctx context.Context) error {
+	e.mu.RLock()
+	s := e.meta.Stop
+	e.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	// A native "stop" as the Type field value will just skip over all of this
+	// logic and end up only executing the container stop command (which may or
+	// may not work as expected).
+	if s.Type == "" || s.Type == remote.ProcessStopSignal {
+		if s.Type == "" {
+			log.WithField("container_id", e.Id).Warn("no stop configuration detected for environment, using termination procedure")
+		}
+
+		signal := os.Kill
+		// Handle a few common cases, otherwise just fall through and just pass along
+		// the os.Kill signal to the process.
+		switch strings.ToUpper(s.Value) {
+		case "SIGABRT":
+			signal = syscall.SIGABRT
+		case "SIGINT":
+			signal = syscall.SIGINT
+		case "SIGTERM":
+			signal = syscall.SIGTERM
+		}
+		return e.Terminate(ctx, signal)
+	}
+
+	// If the process is already offline don't switch it back to stopping. Just leave it how
+	// it is and continue through to the stop handling for the process.
+	if e.st.Load() != environment.ProcessOfflineState {
+		e.SetState(environment.ProcessStoppingState)
+	}
+
+	// Only attempt to send the stop command to the instance if we are actually attached to
+	// the instance. If we are not for some reason, just send the container stop event.
+	if e.IsAttached() && s.Type == remote.ProcessStopCommand {
+		return e.SendCommand(s.Value)
+	}
+
+	// Allow the stop action to run for however long it takes, similar to executing a command
+	// and using a different logic pathway to wait for the container to stop successfully.
+	//
+	// Using a negative timeout here will allow the container to stop gracefully,
+	// rather than forcefully terminating it.  Value is in seconds, but -1 is
+	// treated as indefinitely.
+	timeout := -1
+	if err := e.client.ContainerStop(ctx, e.Id, container.StopOptions{Timeout: &timeout}); err != nil {
+		// If the container does not exist just mark the process as stopped and return without
+		// an error.
+		if client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+			e.SetStream(nil)
+			e.SetState(environment.ProcessOfflineState)
+			return nil
+		}
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "environment/docker: cannot stop container")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// WaitForStop attempts to gracefully stop a server using the defined stop
+// command. If the server does not stop after seconds have passed, an error will
+// be returned, or the instance will be terminated forcefully depending on the
+// value of the second argument.
+//
+// Calls to Environment.Terminate() in this function use the context passed
+// through since we don't want to prevent termination of the server instance
+// just because the context.WithTimeout() has expired.
+func (e *Environment) WaitForStop(ctx context.Context, duration time.Duration, terminate bool) error {
+	tctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), duration)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	// If the parent context is canceled, abort the timed context for termination.
+	go func() {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			cancel()
+		case <-tctx.Done():
+			// When the timed context is canceled, terminate this routine since we no longer
+			// need to worry about the parent routine being canceled.
+			break
+		}
+	}()
+
+	doTermination := func(s string) error {
+		e.log().WithField("step", s).WithField("duration", duration).Warn("container stop did not complete in time, terminating process...")
+		return e.Terminate(ctx, os.Kill)
+	}
+
+	// We pass through the timed context for this stop action so that if one of the
+	// internal docker calls fails to ever finish before we've exhausted the time limit
+	// the resources get cleaned up, and the exection is stopped.
+	if err := e.Stop(tctx); err != nil {
+		if terminate && errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+			return doTermination("stop")
+		}
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Block the return of this function until the container as been marked as no
+	// longer running. If this wait does not end by the time seconds have passed,
+	// attempt to terminate the container, or return an error.
+	ok, errChan := e.client.ContainerWait(tctx, e.Id, container.WaitConditionNotRunning)
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
+			if terminate {
+				return doTermination("parent-context")
+			}
+			return err
+		}
+	case err := <-errChan:
+		// If the error stems from the container not existing there is no point in wasting
+		// CPU time to then try and terminate it.
+		if err == nil || client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		if terminate {
+			if !errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+				e.log().WithField("error", err).Warn("error while waiting for container stop; terminating process")
+			}
+			return doTermination("wait")
+		}
+		return errors.WrapIf(err, "environment/docker: error waiting on container to enter \"not-running\" state")
+	case <-ok:
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Terminate forcefully terminates the container using the signal provided.
+func (e *Environment) Terminate(ctx context.Context, signal os.Signal) error {
+	c, err := e.ContainerInspect(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		// Treat missing containers as an okay error state, means it is obviously
+		// already terminated at this point.
+		if client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return errors.WithStack(err)
+	}
+
+	if !c.State.Running {
+		// If the container is not running, but we're not already in a stopped state go ahead
+		// and update things to indicate we should be completely stopped now. Set to stopping
+		// first so crash detection is not triggered.
+		if e.st.Load() != environment.ProcessOfflineState {
+			e.SetState(environment.ProcessStoppingState)
+			e.SetState(environment.ProcessOfflineState)
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// We set it to stopping than offline to prevent crash detection from being triggered.
+	e.SetState(environment.ProcessStoppingState)
+	sig := strings.TrimSuffix(strings.TrimPrefix(signal.String(), "signal "), "ed")
+	if err := e.client.ContainerKill(ctx, e.Id, sig); err != nil && !client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+		return errors.WithStack(err)
+	}
+	e.SetState(environment.ProcessOfflineState)
+
+	return nil
+}

environment/docker/stats.go

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+package docker
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"math"
+	"time"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
+	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/environment"
+)
+
+// Uptime returns the current uptime of the container in milliseconds. If the
+// container is not currently running this will return 0.
+func (e *Environment) Uptime(ctx context.Context) (int64, error) {
+	ins, err := e.ContainerInspect(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, errors.Wrap(err, "environment: could not inspect container")
+	}
+	if !ins.State.Running {
+		return 0, nil
+	}
+	started, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, ins.State.StartedAt)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, errors.Wrap(err, "environment: failed to parse container start time")
+	}
+	return time.Since(started).Milliseconds(), nil
+}
+
+// Attach to the instance and then automatically emit an event whenever the resource usage for the
+// server process changes.
+func (e *Environment) pollResources(ctx context.Context) error {
+	if e.st.Load() == environment.ProcessOfflineState {
+		return errors.New("cannot enable resource polling on a stopped server")
+	}
+
+	e.log().Info("starting resource polling for container")
+	defer e.log().Debug("stopped resource polling for container")
+
+	stats, err := e.client.ContainerStats(ctx, e.Id, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer stats.Body.Close()
+
+	uptime, err := e.Uptime(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		e.log().WithField("error", err).Warn("failed to calculate container uptime")
+	}
+
+	dec := json.NewDecoder(stats.Body)
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return ctx.Err()
+		default:
+			var v types.StatsJSON
+			if err := dec.Decode(&v); err != nil {
+				if err != io.EOF && !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
+					e.log().WithField("error", err).Warn("error while processing Docker stats output for container")
+				} else {
+					e.log().Debug("io.EOF encountered during stats decode, stopping polling...")
+				}
+				return nil
+			}
+
+			// Disable collection if the server is in an offline state and this process is still running.
+			if e.st.Load() == environment.ProcessOfflineState {
+				e.log().Debug("process in offline state while resource polling is still active; stopping poll")
+				return nil
+			}
+
+			if !v.PreRead.IsZero() {
+				uptime = uptime + v.Read.Sub(v.PreRead).Milliseconds()
+			}
+
+			st := environment.Stats{
+				Uptime:      uptime,
+				Memory:      calculateDockerMemory(v.MemoryStats),
+				MemoryLimit: v.MemoryStats.Limit,
+				CpuAbsolute: calculateDockerAbsoluteCpu(v.PreCPUStats, v.CPUStats),
+				Network:     environment.NetworkStats{},
+			}
+
+			for _, nw := range v.Networks {
+				st.Network.RxBytes += nw.RxBytes
+				st.Network.TxBytes += nw.TxBytes
+			}
+
+			e.Events().Publish(environment.ResourceEvent, st)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// The "docker stats" CLI call does not return the same value as the types.MemoryStats.Usage
+// value which can be rather confusing to people trying to compare panel usage to
+// their stats output.
+//
+// This math is from their CLI repository in order to show the same values to avoid people
+// bothering me about it. It should also reflect a slightly more correct memory value anyways.
+//
+// @see https://github.com/docker/cli/blob/96e1d1d6/cli/command/container/stats_helpers.go#L227-L249
+func calculateDockerMemory(stats types.MemoryStats) uint64 {
+	if v, ok := stats.Stats["total_inactive_file"]; ok && v < stats.Usage {
+		return stats.Usage - v
+	}
+
+	if v := stats.Stats["inactive_file"]; v < stats.Usage {
+		return stats.Usage - v
+	}
+
+	return stats.Usage
+}
+
+// Calculates the absolute CPU usage used by the server process on the system, not constrained
+// by the defined CPU limits on the container.
+//
+// @see https://github.com/docker/cli/blob/aa097cf1aa19099da70930460250797c8920b709/cli/command/container/stats_helpers.go#L166
+func calculateDockerAbsoluteCpu(pStats types.CPUStats, stats types.CPUStats) float64 {
+	// Calculate the change in CPU usage between the current and previous reading.
+	cpuDelta := float64(stats.CPUUsage.TotalUsage) - float64(pStats.CPUUsage.TotalUsage)
+
+	// Calculate the change for the entire system's CPU usage between current and previous reading.
+	systemDelta := float64(stats.SystemUsage) - float64(pStats.SystemUsage)
+
+	// Calculate the total number of CPU cores being used.
+	cpus := float64(stats.OnlineCPUs)
+	if cpus == 0.0 {
+		cpus = float64(len(stats.CPUUsage.PercpuUsage))
+	}
+
+	percent := 0.0
+	if systemDelta > 0.0 && cpuDelta > 0.0 {
+		percent = (cpuDelta / systemDelta) * 100.0
+
+		if cpus > 0 {
+			percent *= cpus
+		}
+	}
+
+	return math.Round(percent*1000) / 1000
+}

environment/environment.go

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+package environment
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/events"
+)
+
+const (
+	StateChangeEvent         = "state change"
+	ResourceEvent            = "resources"
+	DockerImagePullStarted   = "docker image pull started"
+	DockerImagePullStatus    = "docker image pull status"
+	DockerImagePullCompleted = "docker image pull completed"
+)
+
+const (
+	ProcessOfflineState  = "offline"
+	ProcessStartingState = "starting"
+	ProcessRunningState  = "running"
+	ProcessStoppingState = "stopping"
+)
+
+// Defines the basic interface that all environments need to implement so that
+// a server can be properly controlled.
+type ProcessEnvironment interface {
+	// Returns the name of the environment.
+	Type() string
+
+	// Returns the environment configuration to the caller.
+	Config() *Configuration
+
+	// Returns an event emitter instance that can be hooked into to listen for different
+	// events that are fired by the environment. This should not allow someone to publish
+	// events, only subscribe to them.
+	Events() *events.Bus
+
+	// Determines if the server instance exists. For example, in a docker environment
+	// this should confirm that the container is created and in a bootable state. In
+	// a basic CLI environment this can probably just return true right away.
+	Exists() (bool, error)
+
+	// IsRunning determines if the environment is currently active and running
+	// a server process for this specific server instance.
+	IsRunning(ctx context.Context) (bool, error)
+
+	// Performs an update of server resource limits without actually stopping the server
+	// process. This only executes if the environment supports it, otherwise it is
+	// a no-op.
+	InSituUpdate() error
+
+	// Runs before the environment is started. If an error is returned starting will
+	// not occur, otherwise proceeds as normal.
+	OnBeforeStart(ctx context.Context) error
+
+	// Starts a server instance. If the server instance is not in a state where it
+	// can be started an error should be returned.
+	Start(ctx context.Context) error
+
+	// Stop stops a server instance. If the server is already stopped an error will
+	// not be returned, this function will act as a no-op.
+	Stop(ctx context.Context) error
+
+	// WaitForStop waits for a server instance to stop gracefully. If the server is
+	// still detected as running after "duration", an error will be returned, or the server
+	// will be terminated depending on the value of the second argument. If the context
+	// provided is canceled the underlying wait conditions will be stopped and the
+	// entire loop will be ended (potentially without stopping or terminating).
+	WaitForStop(ctx context.Context, duration time.Duration, terminate bool) error
+
+	// Terminate stops a running server instance using the provided signal. This function
+	// is a no-op if the server is already stopped.
+	Terminate(ctx context.Context, signal os.Signal) error
+
+	// Destroys the environment removing any containers that were created (in Docker
+	// environments at least).
+	Destroy() error
+
+	// Returns the exit state of the process. The first result is the exit code, the second
+	// determines if the process was killed by the system OOM killer.
+	ExitState() (uint32, bool, error)
+
+	// Creates the necessary environment for running the server process. For example,
+	// in the Docker environment create will create a new container instance for the
+	// server.
+	Create() error
+
+	// Attach attaches to the server console environment and allows piping the output
+	// to a websocket or other internal tool to monitor output. Also allows you to later
+	// send data into the environment's stdin.
+	Attach(ctx context.Context) error
+
+	// Sends the provided command to the running server instance.
+	SendCommand(string) error
+
+	// Reads the log file for the process from the end backwards until the provided
+	// number of lines is met.
+	Readlog(int) ([]string, error)
+
+	// Returns the current state of the environment.
+	State() string
+
+	// Sets the current state of the environment. In general you should let the environment
+	// handle this itself, but there are some scenarios where it is helpful for the server
+	// to update the state externally (e.g. starting -> started).
+	SetState(string)
+
+	// Uptime returns the current environment uptime in milliseconds. This is
+	// the time that has passed since it was last started.
+	Uptime(ctx context.Context) (int64, error)
+
+	// SetLogCallback sets the callback that the container's log output will be passed to.
+	SetLogCallback(func([]byte))
+}

environment/settings.go

@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+package environment
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
+	"strconv"
+
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+)
+
+type Mount struct {
+	// In Docker environments this makes no difference, however in a non-Docker environment you
+	// should treat the "Default" mount as the root directory for the server. All other mounts
+	// are just in addition to that one, and generally things like shared maps or timezone data.
+	Default bool `json:"-"`
+
+	// The target path on the system. This is "/home/container" for all server's Default mount
+	// but in non-container environments you can likely ignore the target and just work with the
+	// source.
+	Target string `json:"target"`
+
+	// The directory from which the files will be read. In Docker environments this is the directory
+	// that we're mounting into the container at the Target location.
+	Source string `json:"source"`
+
+	// Whether the directory is being mounted as read-only. It is up to the environment to
+	// handle this value correctly and ensure security expectations are met with its usage.
+	ReadOnly bool `json:"read_only"`
+}
+
+// Limits is the build settings for a given server that impact docker container
+// creation and resource limits for a server instance.
+type Limits struct {
+	// The total amount of memory in megabytes that this server is allowed to
+	// use on the host system.
+	MemoryLimit int64 `json:"memory_limit"`
+
+	// The amount of additional swap space to be provided to a container instance.
+	Swap int64 `json:"swap"`
+
+	// The relative weight for IO operations in a container. This is relative to other
+	// containers on the system and should be a value between 10 and 1000.
+	IoWeight uint16 `json:"io_weight"`
+
+	// The percentage of CPU that this instance is allowed to consume relative to
+	// the host. A value of 200% represents complete utilization of two cores. This
+	// should be a value between 1 and THREAD_COUNT * 100.
+	CpuLimit int64 `json:"cpu_limit"`
+
+	// The amount of disk space in megabytes that a server is allowed to use.
+	DiskSpace int64 `json:"disk_space"`
+
+	// Sets which CPU threads can be used by the docker instance.
+	Threads string `json:"threads"`
+
+	OOMDisabled bool `json:"oom_disabled"`
+}
+
+// ConvertedCpuLimit converts the CPU limit for a server build into a number
+// that can be better understood by the Docker environment. If there is no limit
+// set, return -1 which will indicate to Docker that it has unlimited CPU quota.
+func (l Limits) ConvertedCpuLimit() int64 {
+	if l.CpuLimit == 0 {
+		return -1
+	}
+
+	return l.CpuLimit * 1000
+}
+
+// MemoryOverheadMultiplier sets the hard limit for memory usage to be 5% more
+// than the amount of memory assigned to the server. If the memory limit for the
+// server is < 4G, use 10%, if less than 2G use 15%. This avoids unexpected
+// crashes from processes like Java which run over the limit.
+func (l Limits) MemoryOverheadMultiplier() float64 {
+	return config.Get().Docker.Overhead.GetMultiplier(l.MemoryLimit)
+}
+
+func (l Limits) BoundedMemoryLimit() int64 {
+	return int64(math.Round(float64(l.MemoryLimit) * l.MemoryOverheadMultiplier() * 1_000_000))
+}
+
+// ConvertedSwap returns the amount of swap available as a total in bytes. This
+// is returned as the amount of memory available to the server initially, PLUS
+// the amount of additional swap to include which is the format used by Docker.
+func (l Limits) ConvertedSwap() int64 {
+	if l.Swap < 0 {
+		return -1
+	}
+
+	return (l.Swap * 1_000_000) + l.BoundedMemoryLimit()
+}
+
+// ProcessLimit returns the process limit for a container. This is currently
+// defined at a system level and not on a per-server basis.
+func (l Limits) ProcessLimit() int64 {
+	return config.Get().Docker.ContainerPidLimit
+}
+
+// AsContainerResources returns the available resources for a container in a format
+// that Docker understands.
+func (l Limits) AsContainerResources() container.Resources {
+	pids := l.ProcessLimit()
+	resources := container.Resources{
+		Memory:            l.BoundedMemoryLimit(),
+		MemoryReservation: l.MemoryLimit * 1_000_000,
+		MemorySwap:        l.ConvertedSwap(),
+		BlkioWeight:       l.IoWeight,
+		OomKillDisable:    &l.OOMDisabled,
+		PidsLimit:         &pids,
+	}
+
+	// If the CPU Limit is not set, don't send any of these fields through. Providing
+	// them seems to break some Java services that try to read the available processors.
+	//
+	// @see https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/issues/3988
+	if l.CpuLimit > 0 {
+		resources.CPUQuota = l.CpuLimit * 1_000
+		resources.CPUPeriod = 100_000
+		resources.CPUShares = 1024
+	}
+
+	// Similar to above, don't set the specific assigned CPUs if we didn't actually limit
+	// the server to any of them.
+	if l.Threads != "" {
+		resources.CpusetCpus = l.Threads
+	}
+
+	return resources
+}
+
+type Variables map[string]interface{}
+
+// Get is an ugly hacky function to handle environment variables that get passed
+// through as not-a-string from the Panel. Ideally we'd just say only pass
+// strings, but that is a fragile idea and if a string wasn't passed through
+// you'd cause a crash or the server to become unavailable. For now try to
+// handle the most likely values from the JSON and hope for the best.
+func (v Variables) Get(key string) string {
+	val, ok := v[key]
+	if !ok {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	switch val.(type) {
+	case int:
+		return strconv.Itoa(val.(int))
+	case int32:
+		return strconv.FormatInt(val.(int64), 10)
+	case int64:
+		return strconv.FormatInt(val.(int64), 10)
+	case float32:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%f", val.(float32))
+	case float64:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%f", val.(float64))
+	case bool:
+		return strconv.FormatBool(val.(bool))
+	case string:
+		return val.(string)
+	}
+
+	// TODO: I think we can add a check for val == nil and return an empty string for those
+	//  and this warning should theoretically never happen?
+	log.Warn(fmt.Sprintf("failed to marshal environment variable \"%s\" of type %+v into string", key, val))
+
+	return ""
+}

environment/stats.go

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package environment
+
+// Stats defines the current resource usage for a given server instance.
+type Stats struct {
+	// The total amount of memory, in bytes, that this server instance is consuming. This is
+	// calculated slightly differently than just using the raw Memory field that the stats
+	// return from the container, so please check the code setting this value for how that
+	// is calculated.
+	Memory uint64 `json:"memory_bytes"`
+
+	// The total amount of memory this container or resource can use. Inside Docker this is
+	// going to be higher than you'd expect because we're automatically allocating overhead
+	// abilities for the container, so it's not going to be a perfect match.
+	MemoryLimit uint64 `json:"memory_limit_bytes"`
+
+	// The absolute CPU usage is the amount of CPU used in relation to the entire system and
+	// does not take into account any limits on the server process itself.
+	CpuAbsolute float64 `json:"cpu_absolute"`
+
+	// Current network transmit in & out for a container.
+	Network NetworkStats `json:"network"`
+
+	// The current uptime of the container, in milliseconds.
+	Uptime int64 `json:"uptime"`
+}
+
+type NetworkStats struct {
+	RxBytes uint64 `json:"rx_bytes"`
+	TxBytes uint64 `json:"tx_bytes"`
+}

events/events.go

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+package events
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
+)
+
+// Event represents an Event sent over a Bus.
+type Event struct {
+	Topic string
+	Data  interface{}
+}
+
+// Bus represents an Event Bus.
+type Bus struct {
+	*system.SinkPool
+}
+
+// NewBus returns a new empty Bus. This is simply a nicer wrapper around the
+// system.SinkPool implementation that allows for more simplistic usage within
+// the codebase.
+//
+// All of the events emitted out of this bus are byte slices that can be decoded
+// back into an events.Event interface.
+func NewBus() *Bus {
+	return &Bus{
+		system.NewSinkPool(),
+	}
+}
+
+// Publish publishes a message to the Bus.
+func (b *Bus) Publish(topic string, data interface{}) {
+	// Some of our actions for the socket support passing a more specific namespace,
+	// such as "backup completed:1234" to indicate which specific backup was completed.
+	//
+	// In these cases, we still need to send the event using the standard listener
+	// name of "backup completed".
+	if strings.Contains(topic, ":") {
+		parts := strings.SplitN(topic, ":", 2)
+		if len(parts) == 2 {
+			topic = parts[0]
+		}
+	}
+
+	enc, err := json.Marshal(Event{Topic: topic, Data: data})
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(errors.WithStack(err))
+	}
+	b.Push(enc)
+}
+
+// MustDecode decodes the event byte slice back into an events.Event struct or
+// panics if an error is encountered during this process.
+func MustDecode(data []byte) (e Event) {
+	if err := DecodeTo(data, &e); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// DecodeTo decodes a byte slice of event data into the given interface.
+func DecodeTo(data []byte, v interface{}) error {
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &v); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "events: failed to decode byte slice")
+	}
+	return nil
+}

events/events_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+package events
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	. "github.com/franela/goblin"
+)
+
+func TestNewBus(t *testing.T) {
+	g := Goblin(t)
+
+	g.Describe("Events", func() {
+		var bus *Bus
+		g.BeforeEach(func() {
+			bus = NewBus()
+		})
+
+		g.Describe("NewBus", func() {
+			g.It("is not nil", func() {
+				g.Assert(bus).IsNotNil("Bus expected to not be nil")
+			})
+		})
+
+		g.Describe("Publish", func() {
+			const topic = "test"
+			const message = "this is a test message!"
+
+			g.It("publishes message", func() {
+				bus := NewBus()
+
+				listener := make(chan []byte)
+				bus.On(listener)
+
+				done := make(chan struct{}, 1)
+				go func() {
+					select {
+					case v := <-listener:
+						m := MustDecode(v)
+						g.Assert(m.Topic).Equal(topic)
+						g.Assert(m.Data).Equal(message)
+					case <-time.After(1 * time.Second):
+						g.Fail("listener did not receive message in time")
+					}
+					done <- struct{}{}
+				}()
+				bus.Publish(topic, message)
+				<-done
+
+				// Cleanup
+				bus.Off(listener)
+			})
+
+			g.It("publishes message to all listeners", func() {
+				bus := NewBus()
+
+				listener := make(chan []byte)
+				listener2 := make(chan []byte)
+				listener3 := make(chan []byte)
+				bus.On(listener)
+				bus.On(listener2)
+				bus.On(listener3)
+
+				done := make(chan struct{}, 1)
+				go func() {
+					for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
+						select {
+						case v := <-listener:
+							m := MustDecode(v)
+							g.Assert(m.Topic).Equal(topic)
+							g.Assert(m.Data).Equal(message)
+						case v := <-listener2:
+							m := MustDecode(v)
+							g.Assert(m.Topic).Equal(topic)
+							g.Assert(m.Data).Equal(message)
+						case v := <-listener3:
+							m := MustDecode(v)
+							g.Assert(m.Topic).Equal(topic)
+							g.Assert(m.Data).Equal(message)
+						case <-time.After(1 * time.Second):
+							g.Fail("all listeners did not receive the message in time")
+							i = 3
+						}
+					}
+
+					done <- struct{}{}
+				}()
+				bus.Publish(topic, message)
+				<-done
+
+				// Cleanup
+				bus.Off(listener)
+				bus.Off(listener2)
+				bus.Off(listener3)
+			})
+		})
+	})
+}

go.mod

@@ -1,67 +1,136 @@
 module github.com/pterodactyl/wings
 
-go 1.12
+go 1.21
-
-// Uncomment this in development environments to make changes to the core SFTP
-// server software. This assumes you're using the official Pterodactyl Environment
-// otherwise this path will not work.
-//
-// @see https://github.com/pterodactyl/development
-//
-// replace github.com/pterodactyl/sftp-server => ../sftp-server
 
 require (
-	github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20170929234023-d6e3b3328b78 // indirect
+	emperror.dev/errors v0.8.1
-	github.com/Jeffail/gabs/v2 v2.2.0
+	github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2 v2.3.7
-	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.4.7 // indirect
+	github.com/Jeffail/gabs/v2 v2.7.0
-	github.com/Nvveen/Gotty v0.0.0-20120604004816-cd527374f1e5 // indirect
+	github.com/NYTimes/logrotate v1.0.0
-	github.com/asaskevich/govalidator v0.0.0-20190424111038-f61b66f89f4a
+	github.com/acobaugh/osrelease v0.1.0
-	github.com/beevik/etree v1.1.0
+	github.com/apex/log v1.9.0
-	github.com/buger/jsonparser v0.0.0-20191204142016-1a29609e0929
+	github.com/asaskevich/govalidator v0.0.0-20230301143203-a9d515a09cc2
-	github.com/containerd/fifo v0.0.0-20190226154929-a9fb20d87448 // indirect
+	github.com/beevik/etree v1.3.0
-	github.com/creasty/defaults v1.3.0
+	github.com/buger/jsonparser v1.1.1
-	github.com/docker/distribution v2.7.1+incompatible // indirect
+	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.2.1
-	github.com/docker/docker v0.0.0-20180422163414-57142e89befe
+	github.com/creasty/defaults v1.7.0
-	github.com/docker/go-connections v0.4.0
+	github.com/docker/docker v25.0.4+incompatible
-	github.com/docker/go-units v0.3.3 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/go-connections v0.5.0
-	github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v0.1.4
+	github.com/fatih/color v1.16.0
-	github.com/gbrlsnchs/jwt/v3 v3.0.0-rc.0
+	github.com/franela/goblin v0.0.0-20211003143422-0a4f594942bf
-	github.com/ghodss/yaml v1.0.0
+	github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.3
-	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/gammazero/workerpool v1.1.3
-	github.com/google/uuid v1.1.1
+	github.com/gbrlsnchs/jwt/v3 v3.0.1
-	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.4.0
+	github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.9.1
-	github.com/gotestyourself/gotestyourself v2.2.0+incompatible // indirect
+	github.com/glebarez/sqlite v1.10.0
-	github.com/iancoleman/strcase v0.0.0-20191112232945-16388991a334
+	github.com/go-co-op/gocron v1.37.0
-	github.com/imdario/mergo v0.3.8
+	github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.2
-	github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter v1.2.0
+	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0
-	github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.1
+	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.5.1
+	github.com/iancoleman/strcase v0.3.0
+	github.com/icza/dyno v0.0.0-20230330125955-09f820a8d9c0
+	github.com/juju/ratelimit v1.0.2
+	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.17.7
+	github.com/klauspost/pgzip v1.2.6
+	github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.7
+	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.13
+	github.com/mholt/archiver/v4 v4.0.0-alpha.8
 	github.com/mitchellh/colorstring v0.0.0-20190213212951-d06e56a500db
-	github.com/olebedev/emitter v0.0.0-20190110104742-e8d1457e6aee
-	github.com/onsi/ginkgo v1.8.0 // indirect
-	github.com/onsi/gomega v1.5.0 // indirect
-	github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v1.0.0-rc1 // indirect
-	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/patrickmn/go-cache v2.1.0+incompatible
-	github.com/pkg/errors v0.8.1
+	github.com/pkg/sftp v1.13.6
-	github.com/pkg/sftp v1.10.1 // indirect
+	github.com/sabhiram/go-gitignore v0.0.0-20210923224102-525f6e181f06
-	github.com/pterodactyl/sftp-server v1.1.1
+	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.8.0
-	github.com/remeh/sizedwaitgroup v0.0.0-20180822144253-5e7302b12cce
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0
-	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.0.5 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.21.0
-	go.uber.org/atomic v1.5.1 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.6.0
-	go.uber.org/multierr v1.4.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.18.0
-	go.uber.org/zap v1.13.0
+	gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.67.0
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20191206172530-e9b2fee46413
+	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0
-	golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20191125180803-fdd1cda4f05f // indirect
+	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1
-	golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190923162816-aa69164e4478
+	gorm.io/gorm v1.25.7
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190911185100-cd5d95a43a6e // indirect
+)
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20191206220618-eeba5f6aabab // indirect
+
-	golang.org/x/text v0.3.2 // indirect
+require (
-	golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20190308202827-9d24e82272b4 // indirect
+	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.1 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191206204035-259af5ff87bd // indirect
+	github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.12.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools/gopls v0.1.7 // indirect
+	github.com/andybalholm/brotli v1.1.0 // indirect
-	gopkg.in/airbrake/gobrake.v2 v2.0.9 // indirect
+	github.com/bodgit/plumbing v1.3.0 // indirect
-	gopkg.in/gemnasium/logrus-airbrake-hook.v2 v2.1.2 // indirect
+	github.com/bodgit/sevenzip v1.5.0 // indirect
-	gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.51.0
+	github.com/bodgit/windows v1.0.1 // indirect
-	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.2
+	github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.11.3 // indirect
-	gotest.tools v2.2.0+incompatible // indirect
+	github.com/chenzhuoyu/base64x v0.0.0-20230717121745-296ad89f973d // indirect
+	github.com/chenzhuoyu/iasm v0.9.1 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/log v0.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/distribution/reference v0.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/dsnet/compress v0.0.2-0.20210315054119-f66993602bf5 // indirect
+	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 // indirect
+	github.com/gammazero/deque v0.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/gin-contrib/sse v0.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/glebarez/go-sqlite v1.22.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.1 // indirect
+	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
+	github.com/go-playground/locales v0.14.1 // indirect
+	github.com/go-playground/universal-translator v0.18.1 // indirect
+	github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.19.0 // indirect
+	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 // indirect
+	github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.4 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/errwrap v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5 // indirect
+	github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12 // indirect
+	github.com/kballard/go-shellquote v0.0.0-20180428030007-95032a82bc51 // indirect
+	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.7 // indirect
+	github.com/kr/fs v0.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/leodido/go-urn v1.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/magefile/mage v1.15.0 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 // indirect
+	github.com/mgutz/ansi v0.0.0-20200706080929-d51e80ef957d // indirect
+	github.com/moby/term v0.0.0-20220808134915-39b0c02b01ae // indirect
+	github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd // indirect
+	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 // indirect
+	github.com/morikuni/aec v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/ncruces/go-strftime v0.1.9 // indirect
+	github.com/nwaples/rardecode/v2 v2.0.0-beta.2 // indirect
+	github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/pierrec/lz4/v4 v4.1.21 // indirect
+	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
+	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/remyoudompheng/bigfft v0.0.0-20230129092748-24d4a6f8daec // indirect
+	github.com/robfig/cron/v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3 // indirect
+	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5 // indirect
+	github.com/therootcompany/xz v1.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/twitchyliquid64/golang-asm v0.15.1 // indirect
+	github.com/ugorji/go/codec v1.2.12 // indirect
+	github.com/ulikunitz/xz v0.5.11 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.49.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.24.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracehttp v1.24.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.24.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.24.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.24.0 // indirect
+	go.uber.org/atomic v1.11.0 // indirect
+	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
+	go4.org v0.0.0-20230225012048-214862532bf5 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/arch v0.7.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.16.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.22.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/term v0.18.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.14.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20220922220347-f3bd1da661af // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.19.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20231012003039-104605ab7028 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.33.0 // indirect
+	gotest.tools/v3 v3.0.2 // indirect
+	modernc.org/libc v1.44.0 // indirect
+	modernc.org/mathutil v1.6.0 // indirect
+	modernc.org/memory v1.7.2 // indirect
+	modernc.org/sqlite v1.29.4 // indirect
 )

go.sum

@@ -1,214 +1,654 @@
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http.go

@@ -1,580 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"bufio"
-	"bytes"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"github.com/buger/jsonparser"
-	"github.com/gorilla/websocket"
-	"github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/installer"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
-	"go.uber.org/zap"
-	"io"
-	"net/http"
-	"os"
-	"strconv"
-	"strings"
-)
-
-// Retrieves a server out of the collection by UUID.
-func (rt *Router) GetServer(uuid string) *server.Server {
-	return server.GetServers().Find(func(i *server.Server) bool {
-		return i.Uuid == uuid
-	})
-}
-
-type Router struct {
-	upgrader websocket.Upgrader
-
-	// The authentication token defined in the config.yml file that allows
-	// a request to perform any action aganist the daemon.
-	token string
-}
-
-func (rt *Router) AuthenticateRequest(h httprouter.Handle) httprouter.Handle {
-	return rt.AuthenticateToken(rt.AuthenticateServer(h))
-}
-
-// Middleware to protect server specific routes. This will ensure that the server exists and
-// is in a state that allows it to be exposed to the API.
-func (rt *Router) AuthenticateServer(h httprouter.Handle) httprouter.Handle {
-	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps httprouter.Params) {
-		if rt.GetServer(ps.ByName("server")) != nil {
-			h(w, r, ps)
-			return
-		}
-
-		http.NotFound(w, r)
-	}
-}
-
-// Attaches required access control headers to all of the requests.
-func (rt *Router) AttachAccessControlHeaders(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps httprouter.Params) (http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request, httprouter.Params) {
-	w.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", config.Get().PanelLocation)
-	w.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Accept, Content-Type, Content-Length, Accept-Encoding, X-CSRF-Token, Authorization")
-
-	return w, r, ps
-}
-
-// Authenticates the request token aganist the given permission string, ensuring that
-// if it is a server permission, the token has control over that server. If it is a global
-// token, this will ensure that the request is using a properly signed global token.
-func (rt *Router) AuthenticateToken(h httprouter.Handle) httprouter.Handle {
-	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps httprouter.Params) {
-		// Adds support for using this middleware on the websocket routes for servers. Those
-		// routes don't support Authorization headers, per the spec, so we abuse the socket
-		// protocol header and use that to pass the authorization token along to Wings without
-		// exposing the token in the URL directly. Neat. 📸
-		auth := strings.SplitN(r.Header.Get("Authorization"), " ", 2)
-
-		if len(auth) != 2 || auth[0] != "Bearer" {
-			w.Header().Set("WWW-Authenticate", "Bearer")
-			http.Error(w, "authorization failed", http.StatusUnauthorized)
-			return
-		}
-
-		// Try to match the request aganist the global token for the Daemon, regardless
-		// of the permission type. If nothing is matched we will fall through to the Panel
-		// API to try and validate permissions for a server.
-		if auth[1] == rt.token {
-			h(rt.AttachAccessControlHeaders(w, r, ps))
-			return
-		}
-
-		// Happens because we don't have any of the server handling code here.
-		http.Error(w, "not implemented", http.StatusNotImplemented)
-		return
-	}
-}
-
-// Returns the basic Wings index page without anything else.
-func (rt *Router) routeIndex(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
-	fmt.Fprint(w, "Welcome!\n")
-}
-
-// Returns all of the servers that exist on the Daemon. This route is only accessible to
-// requests that include an administrative control key, otherwise a 404 is returned. This
-// authentication is handled by a middleware.
-func (rt *Router) routeAllServers(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
-	json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(server.GetServers().All())
-}
-
-// Returns basic information about a single server found on the Daemon.
-func (rt *Router) routeServer(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request, ps httprouter.Params) {
-	s := rt.GetServer(ps.ByName("server"))
-
-	json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(s)
-}
-
-type PowerActionRequest struct {
-	Action string `json:"action"`
-}
-
-type CreateDirectoryRequest struct {
-	Name string `json:"name"`
-	Path string `json:"path"`
-}
-
-func (pr *PowerActionRequest) IsValid() bool {
-	return pr.Action == "start" || pr.Action == "stop" || pr.Action == "kill" || pr.Action == "restart"
-}
-
-// Handles a request to control the power state of a server. If the action being passed
-// through is invalid a 404 is returned. Otherwise, a HTTP/202 Accepted response is returned
-// and the actual power action is run asynchronously so that we don't have to block the
-// request until a potentially slow operation completes.
-//
-// This is done because for the most part the Panel is using websockets to determine when
-// things are happening, so theres no reason to sit and wait for a request to finish. We'll
-// just see over the socket if something isn't working correctly.
-func (rt *Router) routeServerPower(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps httprouter.Params) {
-	s := rt.GetServer(ps.ByName("server"))
-	defer r.Body.Close()
-
-	dec := json.NewDecoder(r.Body)
-	var action PowerActionRequest
-
-	if err := dec.Decode(&action); err != nil {
-		// Don't flood the logs with error messages if someone sends through bad
-		// JSON data. We don't really care.
-		if err != io.EOF && err != io.ErrUnexpectedEOF {
-			zap.S().Errorw("failed to decode power action", zap.Error(err))
-		}
-
-		http.Error(w, "could not parse power action from request", http.StatusInternalServerError)
-		return
-	}
-
-	if !action.IsValid() {
-		http.NotFound(w, r)
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Because we route all of the actual bootup process to a seperate thread we need to
-	// check the suspension status here, otherwise the user will hit the endpoint and then
-	// just sit there wondering why it returns a success but nothing actually happens.
-	//
-	// We don't really care about any of the other actions at this point, they'll all result
-	// in the process being stopped, which should have happened anyways if the server is suspended.
-	if action.Action == "start" && s.Suspended {
-		http.Error(w, "server is suspended", http.StatusBadRequest)
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Pass the actual heavy processing off to a seperate thread to handle so that
-	// we can immediately return a response from the server.
-	go func(a string, s *server.Server) {
-		switch a {
-		case "start":
-			if err := s.Environment.Start(); err != nil {
-				zap.S().Errorw(
-					"encountered unexpected error starting server process",
-					zap.Error(err),
-					zap.String("server", s.Uuid),
-					zap.String("action", "start"),
-				)
-			}
-			break
-		case "stop":
-			if err := s.Environment.Stop(); err != nil {
-				zap.S().Errorw(
-					"encountered unexpected error stopping server process",
-					zap.Error(err),
-					zap.String("server", s.Uuid),
-					zap.String("action", "stop"),
-				)
-			}
-			break
-		case "restart":
-			break
-		case "kill":
-			if err := s.Environment.Terminate(os.Kill); err != nil {
-				zap.S().Errorw(
-					"encountered unexpected error killing server process",
-					zap.Error(err),
-					zap.String("server", s.Uuid),
-					zap.String("action", "kill"),
-				)
-			}
-		}
-	}(action.Action, s)
-
-	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusAccepted)
-}
-
-// Return the last 1Kb of the server log file.
-func (rt *Router) routeServerLogs(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps httprouter.Params) {
-	s := rt.GetServer(ps.ByName("server"))
-
-	l, _ := strconv.ParseInt(r.URL.Query().Get("size"), 10, 64)
-	if l <= 0 {
-		l = 2048
-	}
-
-	out, err := s.ReadLogfile(l)
-	if err != nil {
-		zap.S().Errorw("failed to read server log file", zap.Error(err))
-		http.Error(w, "failed to read log", http.StatusInternalServerError)
-		return
-	}
-
-	json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(struct{ Data []string `json:"data"` }{Data: out})
-}
-
-// Handle a request to get the contents of a file on the server.
-func (rt *Router) routeServerFileRead(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps httprouter.Params) {
-	s := rt.GetServer(ps.ByName("server"))
-
-	cleaned, err := s.Filesystem.SafePath(r.URL.Query().Get("file"))
-	if err != nil {
-		http.NotFound(w, r)
-		return
-	}
-
-	st, err := s.Filesystem.Stat(cleaned)
-	if err != nil {
-		if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
-			zap.S().Errorw("failed to stat file for reading", zap.String("path", ps.ByName("path")), zap.String("server", s.Uuid), zap.Error(err))
-
-			http.Error(w, "failed to stat file", http.StatusInternalServerError)
-			return
-		}
-
-		http.NotFound(w, r)
-		return
-	}
-
-	f, err := os.OpenFile(cleaned, os.O_RDONLY, 0)
-	if err != nil {
-		if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
-			zap.S().Errorw("failed to open file for reading", zap.String("path", ps.ByName("path")), zap.String("server", s.Uuid), zap.Error(err))
-		}
-
-		http.Error(w, "failed to open file", http.StatusInternalServerError)
-		return
-	}
-	defer f.Close()
-
-	w.Header().Set("X-Mime-Type", st.Mimetype)
-	w.Header().Set("Content-Length", strconv.Itoa(int(st.Info.Size())))
-
-	// If a download parameter is included in the URL go ahead and attach the necessary headers
-	// so that the file can be downloaded.
-	if r.URL.Query().Get("download") != "" {
-		w.Header().Set("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename="+st.Info.Name())
-		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/octet-stream")
-	}
-
-	bufio.NewReader(f).WriteTo(w)
-}
-
-// Lists the contents of a directory.
-func (rt *Router) routeServerListDirectory(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps httprouter.Params) {
-	s := rt.GetServer(ps.ByName("server"))
-
-	stats, err := s.Filesystem.ListDirectory(r.URL.Query().Get("directory"))
-	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		http.NotFound(w, r)
-		return
-	} else if err != nil {
-		zap.S().Errorw("failed to list contents of directory", zap.String("server", s.Uuid), zap.String("path", ps.ByName("path")), zap.Error(err))
-
-		http.Error(w, "failed to list directory", http.StatusInternalServerError)
-		return
-	}
-
-	json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(stats)
-}
-
-// Writes a file to the system for the server.
-func (rt *Router) routeServerWriteFile(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps httprouter.Params) {
-	s := rt.GetServer(ps.ByName("server"))
-
-	p := r.URL.Query().Get("file")
-	defer r.Body.Close()
-	err := s.Filesystem.Writefile(p, r.Body)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		zap.S().Errorw("failed to write file to directory", zap.String("server", s.Uuid), zap.String("path", p), zap.Error(err))
-
-		http.Error(w, "failed to write file to directory", http.StatusInternalServerError)
-		return
-	}
-
-	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
-}
-
-// Creates a new directory for the server.
-func (rt *Router) routeServerCreateDirectory(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps httprouter.Params) {
-	s := rt.GetServer(ps.ByName("server"))
-	defer r.Body.Close()
-
-	dec := json.NewDecoder(r.Body)
-	var data CreateDirectoryRequest
-
-	if err := dec.Decode(&data); err != nil {
-		// Don't flood the logs with error messages if someone sends through bad
-		// JSON data. We don't really care.
-		if err != io.EOF && err != io.ErrUnexpectedEOF {
-			zap.S().Errorw("failed to decode directory creation data", zap.Error(err))
-		}
-
-		http.Error(w, "could not parse data in request", http.StatusUnprocessableEntity)
-		return
-	}
-
-	if err := s.Filesystem.CreateDirectory(data.Name, data.Path); err != nil {
-		zap.S().Errorw("failed to create directory for server", zap.String("server", s.Uuid), zap.Error(err))
-
-		http.Error(w, "an error was encountered while creating the directory", http.StatusInternalServerError)
-		return
-	}
-
-	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
-}
-
-func (rt *Router) routeServerRenameFile(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps httprouter.Params) {
-	s := rt.GetServer(ps.ByName("server"))
-	defer r.Body.Close()
-
-	data := rt.ReaderToBytes(r.Body)
-	oldPath, _ := jsonparser.GetString(data, "rename_from")
-	newPath, _ := jsonparser.GetString(data, "rename_to")
-
-	if oldPath == "" || newPath == "" {
-		http.Error(w, "invalid paths provided; did you forget to provide an old path and new path?", http.StatusUnprocessableEntity)
-		return
-	}
-
-	if err := s.Filesystem.Rename(oldPath, newPath); err != nil {
-		zap.S().Errorw("failed to rename file on server", zap.String("server", s.Uuid), zap.Error(err))
-
-		http.Error(w, "an error occurred while renaming the file", http.StatusInternalServerError)
-		return
-	}
-
-	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
-}
-
-func (rt *Router) routeServerCopyFile(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps httprouter.Params) {
-	s := rt.GetServer(ps.ByName("server"))
-	defer r.Body.Close()
-
-	data := rt.ReaderToBytes(r.Body)
-	loc, _ := jsonparser.GetString(data, "location")
-
-	if err := s.Filesystem.Copy(loc); err != nil {
-		zap.S().Errorw("error copying file for server", zap.String("server", s.Uuid), zap.Error(err))
-
-		http.Error(w, "an error occurred while copying the file", http.StatusInternalServerError)
-		return
-	}
-
-	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
-}
-
-func (rt *Router) routeServerDeleteFile(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps httprouter.Params) {
-	s := rt.GetServer(ps.ByName("server"))
-	defer r.Body.Close()
-
-	data := rt.ReaderToBytes(r.Body)
-	loc, _ := jsonparser.GetString(data, "location")
-
-	if err := s.Filesystem.Delete(loc); err != nil {
-		zap.S().Errorw("failed to delete a file or directory for server", zap.String("server", s.Uuid), zap.Error(err))
-
-		http.Error(w, "an error occurred while trying to delete a file or directory", http.StatusInternalServerError)
-		return
-	}
-
-	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
-}
-
-func (rt *Router) routeServerSendCommand(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps httprouter.Params) {
-	s := rt.GetServer(ps.ByName("server"))
-	defer r.Body.Close()
-
-	if running, err := s.Environment.IsRunning(); !running || err != nil {
-		http.Error(w, "cannot send commands to a stopped instance", http.StatusBadGateway)
-		return
-	}
-
-	data := rt.ReaderToBytes(r.Body)
-	commands, dt, _, _ := jsonparser.Get(data, "commands")
-	if dt != jsonparser.Array {
-		http.Error(w, "commands must be an array of strings", http.StatusUnprocessableEntity)
-		return
-	}
-
-	for _, command := range commands {
-		if err := s.Environment.SendCommand(string(command)); err != nil {
-			zap.S().Warnw("failed to send command to server", zap.Any("command", command), zap.Error(err))
-			return
-		}
-	}
-
-	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
-}
-
-func (rt *Router) routeServerInstall(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps httprouter.Params) {
-	s := rt.GetServer(ps.ByName("server"))
-	defer r.Body.Close()
-
-	go func (serv *server.Server) {
-		if err := serv.Install(); err != nil {
-			zap.S().Errorw("failed to execute server installation process", zap.String("server", s.Uuid), zap.Error(err))
-		}
-	}(s)
-
-	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusAccepted)
-}
-
-func (rt *Router) routeServerUpdate(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps httprouter.Params) {
-	s := rt.GetServer(ps.ByName("server"))
-	defer r.Body.Close()
-
-	data := rt.ReaderToBytes(r.Body)
-	if err := s.UpdateDataStructure(data, true); err != nil {
-		zap.S().Errorw("failed to update a server's data structure", zap.String("server", s.Uuid), zap.Error(err))
-
-		http.Error(w, "failed to update data structure", http.StatusInternalServerError)
-		return
-	}
-
-	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
-}
-
-func (rt *Router) routeCreateServer(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps httprouter.Params) {
-	defer r.Body.Close()
-
-	inst, err := installer.New(rt.ReaderToBytes(r.Body))
-
-	if err != nil {
-		zap.S().Warnw("failed to validate the received data", zap.Error(err))
-
-		http.Error(w, "failed to validate data", http.StatusUnprocessableEntity)
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Plop that server instance onto the request so that it can be referenced in
-	// requests from here-on out.
-	server.GetServers().Add(inst.Server())
-
-	zap.S().Infow("beginning installation process for server", zap.String("server", inst.Uuid()))
-	// Begin the installation process in the background to not block the request
-	// cycle. If there are any errors they will be logged and communicated back
-	// to the Panel where a reinstall may take place.
-	go func(i *installer.Installer) {
-		i.Execute()
-
-		if err := i.Server().Install(); err != nil {
-			zap.S().Errorw("failed to run install process for server", zap.String("server", i.Uuid()), zap.Error(err))
-		}
-	}(inst)
-
-	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusAccepted)
-}
-
-func (rt *Router) routeSystemInformation(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps httprouter.Params) {
-	defer r.Body.Close()
-
-	s, err := GetSystemInformation()
-	if err != nil {
-		zap.S().Errorw("failed to retrieve system information", zap.Error(errors.WithStack(err)))
-
-		http.Error(w, "failed to retrieve information", http.StatusInternalServerError)
-		return
-	}
-
-	json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(s)
-}
-
-func (rt *Router) routeServerDelete(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps httprouter.Params) {
-	s := rt.GetServer(ps.ByName("server"))
-	defer r.Body.Close()
-
-	// Immediately suspend the server to prevent a user from attempting
-	// to start it while this process is running.
-	s.Suspended = true
-
-	zap.S().Infow("processing server deletion request", zap.String("server", s.Uuid))
-	// Destroy the environment; in Docker this will handle a running container and
-	// forcibly terminate it before removing the container, so we do not need to handle
-	// that here.
-	if err := s.Environment.Destroy(); err != nil {
-		zap.S().Errorw("failed to destroy server environment", zap.Error(errors.WithStack(err)))
-
-		http.Error(w, "failed to destroy server environment", http.StatusInternalServerError)
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Once the environment is terminated, remove the server files from the system. This is
-	// done in a seperate process since failure is not the end of the world and can be
-	// manually cleaned up after the fact.
-	//
-	// In addition, servers with large amounts of files can take some time to finish deleting
-	// so we don't want to block the HTTP call while waiting on this.
-	go func(p string) {
-		if err := os.RemoveAll(p); err != nil {
-			zap.S().Warnw("failed to remove server files on deletion", zap.String("path", p), zap.Error(errors.WithStack(err)))
-		}
-	}(s.Filesystem.Path())
-
-	var uuid = s.Uuid
-	server.GetServers().Remove(func(s2 *server.Server) bool {
-		return s2.Uuid == uuid
-	})
-
-	s = nil
-
-	// Remove the configuration file stored on the Daemon for this server.
-	go func(u string) {
-		if err := os.Remove("data/servers/" + u + ".yml"); err != nil {
-			zap.S().Warnw("failed to delete server configuration file on deletion", zap.String("server", u), zap.Error(errors.WithStack(err)))
-		}
-	}(uuid)
-
-	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusAccepted)
-}
-
-func (rt *Router) ReaderToBytes(r io.Reader) []byte {
-	buf := bytes.Buffer{}
-	buf.ReadFrom(r)
-
-	return buf.Bytes()
-}
-
-// Configures the router and all of the associated routes.
-func (rt *Router) ConfigureRouter() *httprouter.Router {
-	router := httprouter.New()
-
-	router.OPTIONS("/api/system", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps httprouter.Params) {
-		rt.AttachAccessControlHeaders(w, r, ps)
-	})
-
-	router.GET("/", rt.routeIndex)
-	router.GET("/api/system", rt.AuthenticateToken(rt.routeSystemInformation))
-	router.GET("/api/servers", rt.AuthenticateToken(rt.routeAllServers))
-	router.GET("/api/servers/:server", rt.AuthenticateRequest(rt.routeServer))
-	router.GET("/api/servers/:server/ws", rt.AuthenticateServer(rt.routeWebsocket))
-	router.GET("/api/servers/:server/logs", rt.AuthenticateRequest(rt.routeServerLogs))
-	router.GET("/api/servers/:server/files/contents", rt.AuthenticateRequest(rt.routeServerFileRead))
-	router.GET("/api/servers/:server/files/list-directory", rt.AuthenticateRequest(rt.routeServerListDirectory))
-	router.PUT("/api/servers/:server/files/rename", rt.AuthenticateRequest(rt.routeServerRenameFile))
-	router.POST("/api/servers", rt.AuthenticateToken(rt.routeCreateServer))
-	router.POST("/api/servers/:server/install", rt.AuthenticateRequest(rt.routeServerInstall))
-	router.POST("/api/servers/:server/files/copy", rt.AuthenticateRequest(rt.routeServerCopyFile))
-	router.POST("/api/servers/:server/files/write", rt.AuthenticateRequest(rt.routeServerWriteFile))
-	router.POST("/api/servers/:server/files/create-directory", rt.AuthenticateRequest(rt.routeServerCreateDirectory))
-	router.POST("/api/servers/:server/files/delete", rt.AuthenticateRequest(rt.routeServerDeleteFile))
-	router.POST("/api/servers/:server/power", rt.AuthenticateRequest(rt.routeServerPower))
-	router.POST("/api/servers/:server/commands", rt.AuthenticateRequest(rt.routeServerSendCommand))
-	router.PATCH("/api/servers/:server", rt.AuthenticateRequest(rt.routeServerUpdate))
-	router.DELETE("/api/servers/:server", rt.AuthenticateRequest(rt.routeServerDelete))
-
-	return router
-}

installer/installer.go

@@ -1,140 +0,0 @@
-package installer
-
-import (
-	"encoding/json"
-	"github.com/asaskevich/govalidator"
-	"github.com/buger/jsonparser"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
-	"go.uber.org/zap"
-	"os"
-	"path"
-)
-
-type Installer struct {
-	server *server.Server
-}
-
-// Validates the received data to ensure that all of the required fields
-// have been passed along in the request. This should be manually run before
-// calling Execute().
-func New(data []byte) (*Installer, error) {
-	if !govalidator.IsUUIDv4(getString(data, "uuid")) {
-		return nil, errors.New("uuid provided was not in a valid format")
-	}
-
-	if !govalidator.IsUUIDv4(getString(data, "service", "egg")) {
-		return nil, errors.New("service egg provided was not in a valid format")
-	}
-
-	s := &server.Server{
-		Uuid:       getString(data, "uuid"),
-		Suspended:  false,
-		State:      server.ProcessOfflineState,
-		Invocation: getString(data, "invocation"),
-		EnvVars:    make(map[string]string),
-		Build: server.BuildSettings{
-			MemoryLimit: getInt(data, "build", "memory"),
-			Swap:        getInt(data, "build", "swap"),
-			IoWeight:    uint16(getInt(data, "build", "io")),
-			CpuLimit:    getInt(data, "build", "cpu"),
-			DiskSpace:   getInt(data, "build", "disk"),
-		},
-		Allocations: server.Allocations{
-			Mappings: make(map[string][]int),
-		},
-	}
-
-	s.Init()
-
-	s.Allocations.DefaultMapping.Ip = getString(data, "allocations", "default", "ip")
-	s.Allocations.DefaultMapping.Port = int(getInt(data, "allocations", "default", "port"))
-
-	// Unmarshal the environment variables from the request into the server struct.
-	if b, _, _, err := jsonparser.Get(data, "environment"); err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.WithStack(err)
-	} else {
-		s.EnvVars = make(map[string]string)
-		if err := json.Unmarshal(b, &s.EnvVars); err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.WithStack(err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Unmarshal the allocation mappings from the request into the server struct.
-	if b, _, _, err := jsonparser.Get(data, "allocations", "mappings"); err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.WithStack(err)
-	} else {
-		s.Allocations.Mappings = make(map[string][]int)
-		if err := json.Unmarshal(b, &s.Allocations.Mappings); err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.WithStack(err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	s.Container.Image = getString(data, "container", "image")
-
-	b, err := s.WriteConfigurationToDisk()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	// Destroy the temporary server instance.
-	s = nil
-
-	// Create a new server instance using the configuration we wrote to the disk
-	// so that everything gets instantiated correctly on the struct.
-	s2, err := server.FromConfiguration(b, &config.Get().System)
-
-	return &Installer{
-		server: s2,
-	}, err
-}
-
-// Returns the UUID associated with this installer instance.
-func (i *Installer) Uuid() string {
-	return i.server.Uuid
-}
-
-// Return the server instance.
-func (i *Installer) Server() *server.Server {
-	return i.server
-}
-
-// Executes the installer process, creating the server and running through the
-// associated installation process based on the parameters passed through for
-// the server instance.
-func (i *Installer) Execute() {
-	zap.S().Debugw("creating required server data directory", zap.String("server", i.Uuid()))
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(path.Join(config.Get().System.Data, i.Uuid()), 0755); err != nil {
-		zap.S().Errorw("failed to create server data directory", zap.String("server", i.Uuid()), zap.Error(errors.WithStack(err)))
-		return
-	}
-
-	if err := os.Chown(path.Join(config.Get().System.Data, i.Uuid()), config.Get().System.User.Uid, config.Get().System.User.Gid); err != nil {
-		zap.S().Errorw("failed to chown server data directory", zap.String("server", i.Uuid()), zap.Error(errors.WithStack(err)))
-		return
-	}
-
-
-	zap.S().Debugw("creating required environment for server instance", zap.String("server", i.Uuid()))
-	if err := i.server.Environment.Create(); err != nil {
-		zap.S().Errorw("failed to create environment for server", zap.String("server", i.Uuid()), zap.Error(err))
-		return
-	}
-
-	zap.S().Debugw("created environment for server during install process", zap.String("server", i.Uuid()))
-}
-
-// Returns a string value from the JSON data provided.
-func getString(data []byte, key ...string) string {
-	value, _ := jsonparser.GetString(data, key...)
-
-	return value
-}
-
-// Returns an int value from the JSON data provided.
-func getInt(data []byte, key ...string) int64 {
-	value, _ := jsonparser.GetInt(data, key...)
-
-	return value
-}

internal/cron/activity_cron.go

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+package cron
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/database"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/models"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
+)
+
+type activityCron struct {
+	mu      *system.AtomicBool
+	manager *server.Manager
+	max     int
+}
+
+// Run executes the cronjob and ensures we fetch and send all the stored activity to the
+// Panel instance. Once activity is sent it is deleted from the local database instance. Any
+// SFTP specific events are not handled in this cron, they're handled separately to account
+// for de-duplication and event merging.
+func (ac *activityCron) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
+	// Don't execute this cron if there is currently one running. Once this task is completed
+	// go ahead and mark it as no longer running.
+	if !ac.mu.SwapIf(true) {
+		return errors.WithStack(ErrCronRunning)
+	}
+	defer ac.mu.Store(false)
+
+	var activity []models.Activity
+	tx := database.Instance().WithContext(ctx).
+		Where("event NOT LIKE ?", "server:sftp.%").
+		Limit(ac.max).
+		Find(&activity)
+	if tx.Error != nil {
+		return errors.WithStack(tx.Error)
+	}
+	if len(activity) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// ids to delete from the database.
+	ids := make([]int, 0, len(activity))
+	// activities to send to the panel.
+	activities := make([]models.Activity, 0, len(activity))
+	for _, v := range activity {
+		// Delete any activity that has an invalid IP address. This is a fix for
+		// a bug that truncated the last octet of an IPv6 address in the database.
+		if ip := net.ParseIP(v.IP); ip == nil {
+			ids = append(ids, v.ID)
+			continue
+		}
+		activities = append(activities, v)
+	}
+
+	if len(ids) > 0 {
+		tx = database.Instance().WithContext(ctx).Where("id IN ?", ids).Delete(&models.Activity{})
+		if tx.Error != nil {
+			return errors.WithStack(tx.Error)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(activities) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if err := ac.manager.Client().SendActivityLogs(ctx, activities); err != nil {
+		return errors.WrapIf(err, "cron: failed to send activity events to Panel")
+	}
+
+	// Add all the successful activities to the list of IDs to delete.
+	ids = make([]int, len(activities))
+	for i, v := range activities {
+		ids[i] = v.ID
+	}
+
+	// Delete all the activities that were sent to the Panel (or that were invalid).
+	tx = database.Instance().WithContext(ctx).Where("id IN ?", ids).Delete(&models.Activity{})
+	if tx.Error != nil {
+		return errors.WithStack(tx.Error)
+	}
+	return nil
+}

internal/cron/cron.go

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+package cron
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"time"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/go-co-op/gocron"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
+)
+
+const ErrCronRunning = errors.Sentinel("cron: job already running")
+
+var o system.AtomicBool
+
+// Scheduler configures the internal cronjob system for Wings and returns the scheduler
+// instance to the caller. This should only be called once per application lifecycle, additional
+// calls will result in an error being returned.
+func Scheduler(ctx context.Context, m *server.Manager) (*gocron.Scheduler, error) {
+	if !o.SwapIf(true) {
+		return nil, errors.New("cron: cannot call scheduler more than once in application lifecycle")
+	}
+	location, err := time.LoadLocation(config.Get().System.Timezone)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "cron: failed to parse configured system timezone")
+	}
+
+	activity := activityCron{
+		mu:      system.NewAtomicBool(false),
+		manager: m,
+		max:     config.Get().System.ActivitySendCount,
+	}
+
+	sftp := sftpCron{
+		mu:      system.NewAtomicBool(false),
+		manager: m,
+		max:     config.Get().System.ActivitySendCount,
+	}
+
+	s := gocron.NewScheduler(location)
+	l := log.WithField("subsystem", "cron")
+
+	interval := time.Duration(config.Get().System.ActivitySendInterval) * time.Second
+	l.WithField("interval", interval).Info("configuring system crons")
+
+	_, _ = s.Tag("activity").Every(interval).Do(func() {
+		l.WithField("cron", "activity").Debug("sending internal activity events to Panel")
+		if err := activity.Run(ctx); err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, ErrCronRunning) {
+				l.WithField("cron", "activity").Warn("activity process is already running, skipping...")
+			} else {
+				l.WithField("cron", "activity").WithField("error", err).Error("activity process failed to execute")
+			}
+		}
+	})
+
+	_, _ = s.Tag("sftp").Every(interval).Do(func() {
+		l.WithField("cron", "sftp").Debug("sending sftp events to Panel")
+		if err := sftp.Run(ctx); err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, ErrCronRunning) {
+				l.WithField("cron", "sftp").Warn("sftp events process already running, skipping...")
+			} else {
+				l.WithField("cron", "sftp").WithField("error", err).Error("sftp events process failed to execute")
+			}
+		}
+	})
+
+	return s, nil
+}

internal/cron/sftp_cron.go

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+package cron
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"reflect"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/database"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/models"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
+)
+
+type sftpCron struct {
+	mu      *system.AtomicBool
+	manager *server.Manager
+	max     int
+}
+
+type mapKey struct {
+	User      string
+	Server    string
+	IP        string
+	Event     models.Event
+	Timestamp string
+}
+
+type eventMap struct {
+	max int
+	ids []int
+	m   map[mapKey]*models.Activity
+}
+
+// Run executes the SFTP reconciliation cron. This job will pull all of the SFTP specific events
+// and merge them together across user, server, ip, and event. This allows a SFTP event that deletes
+// tens or hundreds of files to be tracked as a single "deletion" event so long as they all occur
+// within the same one minute period of time (starting at the first timestamp for the group). Without
+// this we'd end up flooding the Panel event log with excessive data that is of no use to end users.
+func (sc *sftpCron) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
+	if !sc.mu.SwapIf(true) {
+		return errors.WithStack(ErrCronRunning)
+	}
+	defer sc.mu.Store(false)
+
+	var o int
+	activity, err := sc.fetchRecords(ctx, o)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	o += len(activity)
+
+	events := &eventMap{
+		m:   map[mapKey]*models.Activity{},
+		ids: []int{},
+		max: sc.max,
+	}
+
+	for {
+		if len(activity) == 0 {
+			break
+		}
+		slen := len(events.ids)
+		for _, a := range activity {
+			events.Push(a)
+		}
+		if len(events.ids) > slen {
+			// Execute the query again, we found some events so we want to continue
+			// with this. Start at the next offset.
+			activity, err = sc.fetchRecords(ctx, o)
+			if err != nil {
+				return errors.WithStack(err)
+			}
+			o += len(activity)
+		} else {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(events.m) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if err := sc.manager.Client().SendActivityLogs(ctx, events.Elements()); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to send sftp activity logs to Panel")
+	}
+	if tx := database.Instance().Where("id IN ?", events.ids).Delete(&models.Activity{}); tx.Error != nil {
+		return errors.WithStack(tx.Error)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// fetchRecords returns a group of activity events starting at the given offset. This is used
+// since we might need to make multiple database queries to select enough events to properly
+// fill up our request to the given maximum. This is due to the fact that this cron merges any
+// activity that line up across user, server, ip, and event into a single activity record when
+// sending the data to the Panel.
+func (sc *sftpCron) fetchRecords(ctx context.Context, offset int) (activity []models.Activity, err error) {
+	tx := database.Instance().WithContext(ctx).
+		Where("event LIKE ?", "server:sftp.%").
+		Order("event DESC").
+		Offset(offset).
+		Limit(sc.max).
+		Find(&activity)
+	if tx.Error != nil {
+		err = errors.WithStack(tx.Error)
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// Push adds an activity to the event mapping, or de-duplicates it and merges the files metadata
+// into the existing entity that exists.
+func (em *eventMap) Push(a models.Activity) {
+	m := em.forActivity(a)
+	// If no activity entity is returned we've hit the cap for the number of events to
+	// send along to the Panel. Just skip over this record and we'll account for it in
+	// the next iteration.
+	if m == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	em.ids = append(em.ids, a.ID)
+	// Always reduce this to the first timestamp that was recorded for the set
+	// of events, and not
+	if a.Timestamp.Before(m.Timestamp) {
+		m.Timestamp = a.Timestamp
+	}
+	list := m.Metadata["files"].([]interface{})
+	if s, ok := a.Metadata["files"]; ok {
+		v := reflect.ValueOf(s)
+		if v.Kind() != reflect.Slice || v.IsNil() {
+			return
+		}
+		for i := 0; i < v.Len(); i++ {
+			list = append(list, v.Index(i).Interface())
+		}
+		// You must set it again at the end of the process, otherwise you've only updated the file
+		// slice in this one loop since it isn't passed by reference. This is just shorter than having
+		// to explicitly keep casting it to the slice.
+		m.Metadata["files"] = list
+	}
+}
+
+// Elements returns the finalized activity models.
+func (em *eventMap) Elements() (out []models.Activity) {
+	for _, v := range em.m {
+		out = append(out, *v)
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// forActivity returns an event entity from our map which allows existing matches to be
+// updated with additional files.
+func (em *eventMap) forActivity(a models.Activity) *models.Activity {
+	key := mapKey{
+		User:   a.User.String,
+		Server: a.Server,
+		IP:     a.IP,
+		Event:  a.Event,
+		// We group by the minute, don't care about the seconds for this logic.
+		Timestamp: a.Timestamp.Format("2006-01-02_15:04"),
+	}
+	if v, ok := em.m[key]; ok {
+		return v
+	}
+	// Cap the size of the events map at the defined maximum events to send to the Panel. Just
+	// return nil and let the caller handle it.
+	if len(em.m) >= em.max {
+		return nil
+	}
+	// Doesn't exist in our map yet, create a copy of the activity passed into this
+	// function and then assign it into the map with an empty metadata value.
+	v := a
+	v.Metadata = models.ActivityMeta{
+		"files": make([]interface{}, 0),
+	}
+	em.m[key] = &v
+	return &v
+}

internal/database/database.go

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package database
+
+import (
+	"path/filepath"
+	"time"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/glebarez/sqlite"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+	"gorm.io/gorm/logger"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/models"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
+)
+
+var (
+	o  system.AtomicBool
+	db *gorm.DB
+)
+
+// Initialize configures the local SQLite database for Wings and ensures that the models have
+// been fully migrated.
+func Initialize() error {
+	if !o.SwapIf(true) {
+		panic("database: attempt to initialize more than once during application lifecycle")
+	}
+	p := filepath.Join(config.Get().System.RootDirectory, "wings.db")
+	instance, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(p), &gorm.Config{
+		Logger: logger.Default.LogMode(logger.Silent),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "database: could not open database file")
+	}
+	db = instance
+	if sql, err := db.DB(); err != nil {
+		return errors.WithStack(err)
+	} else {
+		sql.SetMaxOpenConns(1)
+		sql.SetConnMaxLifetime(time.Hour)
+	}
+	if tx := db.Exec("PRAGMA synchronous = OFF"); tx.Error != nil {
+		return errors.WithStack(tx.Error)
+	}
+	if tx := db.Exec("PRAGMA journal_mode = MEMORY"); tx.Error != nil {
+		return errors.WithStack(tx.Error)
+	}
+	if err := db.AutoMigrate(&models.Activity{}); err != nil {
+		return errors.WithStack(err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Instance returns the gorm database instance that was configured when the application was
+// booted.
+func Instance() *gorm.DB {
+	if db == nil {
+		panic("database: attempt to access instance before initialized")
+	}
+	return db
+}

internal/models/activity.go

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+package models
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+)
+
+type Event string
+
+type ActivityMeta map[string]interface{}
+
+// Activity defines an activity log event for a server entity performed by a user. This is
+// used for tracking commands, power actions, and SFTP events so that they can be reconciled
+// and sent back to the Panel instance to be displayed to the user.
+type Activity struct {
+	ID int `gorm:"primaryKey;not null" json:"-"`
+	// User is UUID of the user that triggered this event, or an empty string if the event
+	// cannot be tied to a specific user, in which case we will assume it was the system
+	// user.
+	User JsonNullString `gorm:"type:uuid" json:"user"`
+	// Server is the UUID of the server this event is associated with.
+	Server string `gorm:"type:uuid;not null" json:"server"`
+	// Event is a string that describes what occurred, and is used by the Panel instance to
+	// properly associate this event in the activity logs.
+	Event Event `gorm:"index;not null" json:"event"`
+	// Metadata is either a null value, string, or a JSON blob with additional event specific
+	// metadata that can be provided.
+	Metadata ActivityMeta `gorm:"serializer:json" json:"metadata"`
+	// IP is the IP address that triggered this event, or an empty string if it cannot be
+	// determined properly. This should be the connecting user's IP address, and not the
+	// internal system IP.
+	IP        string    `gorm:"not null" json:"ip"`
+	Timestamp time.Time `gorm:"not null" json:"timestamp"`
+}
+
+// SetUser sets the current user that performed the action. If an empty string is provided
+// it is cast into a null value when stored.
+func (a Activity) SetUser(u string) *Activity {
+	var ns JsonNullString
+	if u == "" {
+		if err := ns.Scan(nil); err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+	} else {
+		if err := ns.Scan(u); err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+	}
+	a.User = ns
+	return &a
+}
+
+// BeforeCreate executes before we create any activity entry to ensure the IP address
+// is trimmed down to remove any extraneous data, and the timestamp is set to the current
+// system time and then stored as UTC.
+func (a *Activity) BeforeCreate(_ *gorm.DB) error {
+	if ip, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(strings.TrimSpace(a.IP)); err == nil {
+		a.IP = ip
+	}
+	if a.Timestamp.IsZero() {
+		a.Timestamp = time.Now()
+	}
+	a.Timestamp = a.Timestamp.UTC()
+	if a.Metadata == nil {
+		a.Metadata = ActivityMeta{}
+	}
+	return nil
+}

internal/models/models.go

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package models
+
+import (
+	"database/sql"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
+)
+
+type JsonNullString struct {
+	sql.NullString
+}
+
+func (v JsonNullString) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+	if v.Valid {
+		return json.Marshal(v.String)
+	} else {
+		return json.Marshal(nil)
+	}
+}
+
+func (v *JsonNullString) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
+	var s *string
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &s); err != nil {
+		return errors.WithStack(err)
+	}
+	if s != nil {
+		v.String = *s
+	}
+	v.Valid = s != nil
+	return nil
+}

internal/progress/progress.go

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+package progress
+
+import (
+	"io"
+	"strings"
+	"sync/atomic"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
+)
+
+// Progress is used to track the progress of any I/O operation that are being
+// performed.
+type Progress struct {
+	// written is the total size of the files that have been written to the writer.
+	written uint64
+	// Total is the total size of the archive in bytes.
+	total uint64
+
+	// Writer .
+	Writer io.Writer
+}
+
+// NewProgress returns a new progress tracker for the given total size.
+func NewProgress(total uint64) *Progress {
+	return &Progress{total: total}
+}
+
+// Written returns the total number of bytes written.
+// This function should be used when the progress is tracking data being written.
+func (p *Progress) Written() uint64 {
+	return atomic.LoadUint64(&p.written)
+}
+
+// Total returns the total size in bytes.
+func (p *Progress) Total() uint64 {
+	return atomic.LoadUint64(&p.total)
+}
+
+// SetTotal sets the total size of the archive in bytes. This function is safe
+// to call concurrently and can be used to update the total size if it changes,
+// such as when the total size is simultaneously being calculated as data is
+// being written through the progress writer.
+func (p *Progress) SetTotal(total uint64) {
+	atomic.StoreUint64(&p.total, total)
+}
+
+// Write totals the number of bytes that have been written to the writer.
+func (p *Progress) Write(v []byte) (int, error) {
+	n := len(v)
+	atomic.AddUint64(&p.written, uint64(n))
+	if p.Writer != nil {
+		return p.Writer.Write(v)
+	}
+	return n, nil
+}
+
+// Progress returns a formatted progress string for the current progress.
+func (p *Progress) Progress(width int) string {
+	// current = 100 (Progress, dynamic)
+	// total = 1000 (Content-Length, dynamic)
+	// width = 25 (Number of ticks to display, static)
+	// widthPercentage = 100 / width (What percentage does each tick represent, static)
+	//
+	// percentageDecimal = current / total = 0.1
+	// percentage = percentageDecimal * 100 = 10%
+	// ticks = percentage / widthPercentage = 2.5
+	//
+	// ticks is a float64, so we cast it to an int which rounds it down to 2.
+
+	// Values are cast to floats to prevent integer division.
+	current := p.Written()
+	total := p.Total()
+	// width := is passed as a parameter
+	widthPercentage := float64(100) / float64(width)
+	percentageDecimal := float64(current) / float64(total)
+	percentage := percentageDecimal * 100
+	ticks := int(percentage / widthPercentage)
+
+	// Ensure that we never get a negative number of ticks, this will prevent strings#Repeat
+	// from panicking.  A negative number of ticks is likely to happen when the total size is
+	// inaccurate, such as when we are going off of rough disk usage calculation.
+	if ticks < 0 {
+		ticks = 0
+	} else if ticks > width {
+		ticks = width
+	}
+
+	bar := strings.Repeat("=", ticks) + strings.Repeat(" ", width-ticks)
+	return "[" + bar + "] " + system.FormatBytes(current) + " / " + system.FormatBytes(total)
+}

internal/progress/progress_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+package progress_test
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/franela/goblin"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/progress"
+)
+
+func TestProgress(t *testing.T) {
+	g := goblin.Goblin(t)
+
+	g.Describe("Progress", func() {
+		g.It("properly initializes", func() {
+			total := uint64(1000)
+			p := progress.NewProgress(total)
+			g.Assert(p).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(p.Total()).Equal(total)
+			g.Assert(p.Written()).Equal(uint64(0))
+		})
+
+		g.It("increments written when Write is called", func() {
+			v := []byte("hello")
+			p := progress.NewProgress(1000)
+			_, err := p.Write(v)
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+			g.Assert(p.Written()).Equal(uint64(len(v)))
+		})
+
+		g.It("renders a progress bar", func() {
+			v := bytes.Repeat([]byte{' '}, 100)
+			p := progress.NewProgress(1000)
+			_, err := p.Write(v)
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+			g.Assert(p.Written()).Equal(uint64(len(v)))
+			g.Assert(p.Progress(25)).Equal("[==                       ] 100 B / 1000 B")
+		})
+
+		g.It("renders a progress bar when written exceeds total", func() {
+			v := bytes.Repeat([]byte{' '}, 1001)
+			p := progress.NewProgress(1000)
+			_, err := p.Write(v)
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+			g.Assert(p.Written()).Equal(uint64(len(v)))
+			g.Assert(p.Progress(25)).Equal("[=========================] 1001 B / 1000 B")
+		})
+	})
+}

internal/ufs/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2024 Matthew Penner
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

internal/ufs/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Filesystem
+
+## Licensing
+
+Most code in this package is licensed under `MIT` with some exceptions.
+
+The following files are licensed under `BSD-3-Clause` due to them being copied
+verbatim or derived from [Go](https://go.dev)'s source code.
+
+- [`file_posix.go`](./file_posix.go)
+- [`mkdir_unix.go`](./mkdir_unix.go)
+- [`path_unix.go`](./path_unix.go)
+- [`removeall_unix.go`](./removeall_unix.go)
+- [`stat_unix.go`](./stat_unix.go) 
+- [`walk.go`](./walk.go)
+
+These changes are not associated with nor endorsed by The Go Authors.

internal/ufs/doc.go

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2024 Matthew Penner
+
+// Package ufs provides an abstraction layer for performing I/O on filesystems.
+// This package is designed to be used in-place of standard `os` package I/O
+// calls, and is not designed to be used as a generic filesystem abstraction
+// like the `io/fs` package.
+//
+// The primary use-case of this package was to provide a "chroot-like" `os`
+// wrapper, so we can safely sandbox I/O operations within a directory and
+// use untrusted arbitrary paths.
+package ufs

internal/ufs/error.go

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2024 Matthew Penner
+
+package ufs
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	iofs "io/fs"
+	"os"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+var (
+	// ErrIsDirectory is an error for when an operation that operates only on
+	// files is given a path to a directory.
+	ErrIsDirectory = errors.New("is a directory")
+	// ErrNotDirectory is an error for when an operation that operates only on
+	// directories is given a path to a file.
+	ErrNotDirectory = errors.New("not a directory")
+	// ErrBadPathResolution is an error for when a sand-boxed filesystem
+	// resolves a given path to a forbidden location.
+	ErrBadPathResolution = errors.New("bad path resolution")
+	// ErrNotRegular is an error for when an operation that operates only on
+	// regular files is passed something other than a regular file.
+	ErrNotRegular = errors.New("not a regular file")
+
+	// ErrClosed is an error for when an entry was accessed after being closed.
+	ErrClosed = iofs.ErrClosed
+	// ErrInvalid is an error for when an invalid argument was used.
+	ErrInvalid = iofs.ErrInvalid
+	// ErrExist is an error for when an entry already exists.
+	ErrExist = iofs.ErrExist
+	// ErrNotExist is an error for when an entry does not exist.
+	ErrNotExist = iofs.ErrNotExist
+	// ErrPermission is an error for when the required permissions to perform an
+	// operation are missing.
+	ErrPermission = iofs.ErrPermission
+)
+
+// LinkError records an error during a link or symlink or rename
+// system call and the paths that caused it.
+type LinkError = os.LinkError
+
+// PathError records an error and the operation and file path that caused it.
+type PathError = iofs.PathError
+
+// SyscallError records an error from a specific system call.
+type SyscallError = os.SyscallError
+
+// NewSyscallError returns, as an error, a new SyscallError
+// with the given system call name and error details.
+// As a convenience, if err is nil, NewSyscallError returns nil.
+func NewSyscallError(syscall string, err error) error {
+	return os.NewSyscallError(syscall, err)
+}
+
+// convertErrorType converts errors into our custom errors to ensure consistent
+// error values.
+func convertErrorType(err error) error {
+	if err == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	var pErr *PathError
+	switch {
+	case errors.As(err, &pErr):
+		switch {
+		// File exists
+		case errors.Is(pErr.Err, unix.EEXIST):
+			return &PathError{
+				Op:   pErr.Op,
+				Path: pErr.Path,
+				Err:  ErrExist,
+			}
+		// Is a directory
+		case errors.Is(pErr.Err, unix.EISDIR):
+			return &PathError{
+				Op:   pErr.Op,
+				Path: pErr.Path,
+				Err:  ErrIsDirectory,
+			}
+		// Not a directory
+		case errors.Is(pErr.Err, unix.ENOTDIR):
+			return &PathError{
+				Op:   pErr.Op,
+				Path: pErr.Path,
+				Err:  ErrNotDirectory,
+			}
+		// No such file or directory
+		case errors.Is(pErr.Err, unix.ENOENT):
+			return &PathError{
+				Op:   pErr.Op,
+				Path: pErr.Path,
+				Err:  ErrNotExist,
+			}
+		// Operation not permitted
+		case errors.Is(pErr.Err, unix.EPERM):
+			return &PathError{
+				Op:   pErr.Op,
+				Path: pErr.Path,
+				Err:  ErrPermission,
+			}
+		// Invalid cross-device link
+		case errors.Is(pErr.Err, unix.EXDEV):
+			return &PathError{
+				Op:   pErr.Op,
+				Path: pErr.Path,
+				Err:  ErrBadPathResolution,
+			}
+		// Too many levels of symbolic links
+		case errors.Is(pErr.Err, unix.ELOOP):
+			return &PathError{
+				Op:   pErr.Op,
+				Path: pErr.Path,
+				Err:  ErrBadPathResolution,
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return err
+}

internal/ufs/file.go

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2024 Matthew Penner
+
+package ufs
+
+import (
+	"io"
+	iofs "io/fs"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+// DirEntry is an entry read from a directory.
+type DirEntry = iofs.DirEntry
+
+// File describes readable and/or writable file from a Filesystem.
+type File interface {
+	// Name returns the base name of the file.
+	Name() string
+
+	// Stat returns the FileInfo structure describing the file.
+	// If there is an error, it will be of type *PathError.
+	Stat() (FileInfo, error)
+
+	// ReadDir reads the contents of the directory associated with the file f
+	// and returns a slice of DirEntry values in directory order.
+	// Subsequent calls on the same file will yield later DirEntry records in the directory.
+	//
+	// If n > 0, ReadDir returns at most n DirEntry records.
+	// In this case, if ReadDir returns an empty slice, it will return an error explaining why.
+	// At the end of a directory, the error is io.EOF.
+	//
+	// If n <= 0, ReadDir returns all the DirEntry records remaining in the directory.
+	// When it succeeds, it returns a nil error (not io.EOF).
+	ReadDir(n int) ([]DirEntry, error)
+
+	// Readdirnames reads the contents of the directory associated with file
+	// and returns a slice of up to n names of files in the directory,
+	// in directory order. Subsequent calls on the same file will yield
+	// further names.
+	//
+	// If n > 0, Readdirnames returns at most n names. In this case, if
+	// Readdirnames returns an empty slice, it will return a non-nil error
+	// explaining why. At the end of a directory, the error is io.EOF.
+	//
+	// If n <= 0, Readdirnames returns all the names from the directory in
+	// a single slice. In this case, if Readdirnames succeeds (reads all
+	// the way to the end of the directory), it returns the slice and a
+	// nil error. If it encounters an error before the end of the
+	// directory, Readdirnames returns the names read until that point and
+	// a non-nil error.
+	Readdirnames(n int) (names []string, err error)
+
+	// Fd returns the integer Unix file descriptor referencing the open file.
+	// If f is closed, the file descriptor becomes invalid.
+	// If f is garbage collected, a finalizer may close the file descriptor,
+	// making it invalid; see runtime.SetFinalizer for more information on when
+	// a finalizer might be run. On Unix systems this will cause the SetDeadline
+	// methods to stop working.
+	// Because file descriptors can be reused, the returned file descriptor may
+	// only be closed through the Close method of f, or by its finalizer during
+	// garbage collection. Otherwise, during garbage collection the finalizer
+	// may close an unrelated file descriptor with the same (reused) number.
+	//
+	// As an alternative, see the f.SyscallConn method.
+	Fd() uintptr
+
+	// Truncate changes the size of the file.
+	// It does not change the I/O offset.
+	// If there is an error, it will be of type *PathError.
+	Truncate(size int64) error
+
+	io.Closer
+
+	io.Reader
+	io.ReaderAt
+	io.ReaderFrom
+
+	io.Writer
+	io.WriterAt
+
+	io.Seeker
+}
+
+// FileInfo describes a file and is returned by Stat and Lstat.
+type FileInfo = iofs.FileInfo
+
+// FileMode represents a file's mode and permission bits.
+// The bits have the same definition on all systems, so that
+// information about files can be moved from one system
+// to another portably. Not all bits apply to all systems.
+// The only required bit is ModeDir for directories.
+type FileMode = iofs.FileMode
+
+// The defined file mode bits are the most significant bits of the FileMode.
+// The nine least-significant bits are the standard Unix rwxrwxrwx permissions.
+// The values of these bits should be considered part of the public API and
+// may be used in wire protocols or disk representations: they must not be
+// changed, although new bits might be added.
+const (
+	// ModeDir represents a directory.
+	// d: is a directory
+	ModeDir = iofs.ModeDir
+	// ModeAppend represents an append-only file.
+	// a: append-only
+	ModeAppend = iofs.ModeAppend
+	// ModeExclusive represents an exclusive file.
+	// l: exclusive use
+	ModeExclusive = iofs.ModeExclusive
+	// ModeTemporary .
+	// T: temporary file; Plan 9 only.
+	ModeTemporary = iofs.ModeTemporary
+	// ModeSymlink .
+	// L: symbolic link.
+	ModeSymlink = iofs.ModeSymlink
+	// ModeDevice .
+	// D: device file.
+	ModeDevice = iofs.ModeDevice
+	// ModeNamedPipe .
+	// p: named pipe (FIFO)
+	ModeNamedPipe = iofs.ModeNamedPipe
+	// ModeSocket .
+	// S: Unix domain socket.
+	ModeSocket = iofs.ModeSocket
+	// ModeSetuid .
+	// u: setuid
+	ModeSetuid = iofs.ModeSetuid
+	// ModeSetgid .
+	// g: setgid
+	ModeSetgid = iofs.ModeSetgid
+	// ModeCharDevice .
+	// c: Unix character device, when ModeDevice is set
+	ModeCharDevice = iofs.ModeCharDevice
+	// ModeSticky .
+	// t: sticky
+	ModeSticky = iofs.ModeSticky
+	// ModeIrregular .
+	// ?: non-regular file; nothing else is known about this file.
+	ModeIrregular = iofs.ModeIrregular
+
+	// ModeType .
+	ModeType = iofs.ModeType
+
+	// ModePerm .
+	// Unix permission bits, 0o777.
+	ModePerm = iofs.ModePerm
+)
+
+const (
+	// O_RDONLY opens the file read-only.
+	O_RDONLY = unix.O_RDONLY
+	// O_WRONLY opens the file write-only.
+	O_WRONLY = unix.O_WRONLY
+	// O_RDWR opens the file read-write.
+	O_RDWR = unix.O_RDWR
+	// O_APPEND appends data to the file when writing.
+	O_APPEND = unix.O_APPEND
+	// O_CREATE creates a new file if it doesn't exist.
+	O_CREATE = unix.O_CREAT
+	// O_EXCL is used with O_CREATE, file must not exist.
+	O_EXCL = unix.O_EXCL
+	// O_SYNC open for synchronous I/O.
+	O_SYNC = unix.O_SYNC
+	// O_TRUNC truncates regular writable file when opened.
+	O_TRUNC = unix.O_TRUNC
+	// O_DIRECTORY opens a directory only. If the entry is not a directory an
+	// error will be returned.
+	O_DIRECTORY = unix.O_DIRECTORY
+	// O_NOFOLLOW opens the exact path given without following symlinks.
+	O_NOFOLLOW  = unix.O_NOFOLLOW
+	O_CLOEXEC   = unix.O_CLOEXEC
+	O_LARGEFILE = unix.O_LARGEFILE
+)
+
+const (
+	AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW = unix.AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW
+	AT_REMOVEDIR        = unix.AT_REMOVEDIR
+	AT_EMPTY_PATH       = unix.AT_EMPTY_PATH
+)

internal/ufs/file_posix.go

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+
+// Code in this file was copied from `go/src/os/file_posix.go`.
+
+// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the `go.LICENSE` file.
+
+//go:build unix || (js && wasm) || wasip1 || windows
+
+package ufs
+
+import (
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+// ignoringEINTR makes a function call and repeats it if it returns an
+// EINTR error. This appears to be required even though we install all
+// signal handlers with SA_RESTART: see https://go.dev/issue/22838,
+// https://go.dev/issue/38033, https://go.dev/issue/38836,
+// https://go.dev/issue/40846. Also, https://go.dev/issue/20400 and
+// https://go.dev/issue/36644 are issues in which a signal handler is
+// installed without setting SA_RESTART. None of these are the common case,
+// but there are enough of them that it seems that we can't avoid
+// an EINTR loop.
+func ignoringEINTR(fn func() error) error {
+	for {
+		err := fn()
+		if err != unix.EINTR {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// syscallMode returns the syscall-specific mode bits from Go's portable mode bits.
+func syscallMode(i FileMode) (o FileMode) {
+	o |= i.Perm()
+	if i&ModeSetuid != 0 {
+		o |= unix.S_ISUID
+	}
+	if i&ModeSetgid != 0 {
+		o |= unix.S_ISGID
+	}
+	if i&ModeSticky != 0 {
+		o |= unix.S_ISVTX
+	}
+	// No mapping for Go's ModeTemporary (plan9 only).
+	return
+}

internal/ufs/filesystem.go

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2024 Matthew Penner
+
+package ufs
+
+import (
+	"time"
+)
+
+// Filesystem represents a filesystem capable of performing I/O operations.
+type Filesystem interface {
+	// Chmod changes the mode of the named file to mode.
+	//
+	// If the file is a symbolic link, it changes the mode of the link's target.
+	// If there is an error, it will be of type *PathError.
+	//
+	// A different subset of the mode bits are used, depending on the
+	// operating system.
+	//
+	// On Unix, the mode's permission bits, ModeSetuid, ModeSetgid, and
+	// ModeSticky are used.
+	//
+	// On Windows, only the 0200 bit (owner writable) of mode is used; it
+	// controls whether the file's read-only attribute is set or cleared.
+	// The other bits are currently unused. For compatibility with Go 1.12
+	// and earlier, use a non-zero mode. Use mode 0400 for a read-only
+	// file and 0600 for a readable+writable file.
+	//
+	// On Plan 9, the mode's permission bits, ModeAppend, ModeExclusive,
+	// and ModeTemporary are used.
+	Chmod(name string, mode FileMode) error
+
+	// Chown changes the numeric uid and gid of the named file.
+	//
+	// If the file is a symbolic link, it changes the uid and gid of the link's target.
+	// A uid or gid of -1 means to not change that value.
+	// If there is an error, it will be of type *PathError.
+	//
+	// On Windows or Plan 9, Chown always returns the syscall.EWINDOWS or
+	// EPLAN9 error, wrapped in *PathError.
+	Chown(name string, uid, gid int) error
+
+	// Lchown changes the numeric uid and gid of the named file.
+	//
+	// If the file is a symbolic link, it changes the uid and gid of the link itself.
+	// If there is an error, it will be of type *PathError.
+	//
+	// On Windows, it always returns the syscall.EWINDOWS error, wrapped
+	// in *PathError.
+	Lchown(name string, uid, gid int) error
+
+	// Chtimes changes the access and modification times of the named
+	// file, similar to the Unix utime() or utimes() functions.
+	//
+	// The underlying filesystem may truncate or round the values to a
+	// less precise time unit.
+	//
+	// If there is an error, it will be of type *PathError.
+	Chtimes(name string, atime, mtime time.Time) error
+
+	// Create creates or truncates the named file. If the file already exists,
+	// it is truncated.
+	//
+	// If the file does not exist, it is created with mode 0666
+	// (before umask). If successful, methods on the returned File can
+	// be used for I/O; the associated file descriptor has mode O_RDWR.
+	// If there is an error, it will be of type *PathError.
+	Create(name string) (File, error)
+
+	// Mkdir creates a new directory with the specified name and permission
+	// bits (before umask).
+	//
+	// If there is an error, it will be of type *PathError.
+	Mkdir(name string, perm FileMode) error
+
+	// MkdirAll creates a directory named path, along with any necessary
+	// parents, and returns nil, or else returns an error.
+	//
+	// The permission bits perm (before umask) are used for all
+	// directories that MkdirAll creates.
+	// If path is already a directory, MkdirAll does nothing
+	// and returns nil.
+	MkdirAll(path string, perm FileMode) error
+
+	// Open opens the named file for reading.
+	//
+	// If successful, methods on the returned file can be used for reading; the
+	// associated file descriptor has mode O_RDONLY.
+	//
+	// If there is an error, it will be of type *PathError.
+	Open(name string) (File, error)
+
+	// OpenFile is the generalized open call; most users will use Open
+	// or Create instead. It opens the named file with specified flag
+	// (O_RDONLY etc.).
+	//
+	// If the file does not exist, and the O_CREATE flag
+	// is passed, it is created with mode perm (before umask). If successful,
+	// methods on the returned File can be used for I/O.
+	//
+	// If there is an error, it will be of type *PathError.
+	OpenFile(name string, flag int, perm FileMode) (File, error)
+
+	// ReadDir reads the named directory,
+	//
+	// returning all its directory entries sorted by filename.
+	// If an error occurs reading the directory, ReadDir returns the entries it
+	// was able to read before the error, along with the error.
+	ReadDir(name string) ([]DirEntry, error)
+
+	// Remove removes the named file or (empty) directory.
+	//
+	// If there is an error, it will be of type *PathError.
+	Remove(name string) error
+
+	// RemoveAll removes path and any children it contains.
+	//
+	// It removes everything it can but returns the first error
+	// it encounters. If the path does not exist, RemoveAll
+	// returns nil (no error).
+	//
+	// If there is an error, it will be of type *PathError.
+	RemoveAll(path string) error
+
+	// Rename renames (moves) oldpath to newpath.
+	//
+	// If newpath already exists and is not a directory, Rename replaces it.
+	// OS-specific restrictions may apply when oldpath and newpath are in different directories.
+	// Even within the same directory, on non-Unix platforms Rename is not an atomic operation.
+	//
+	// If there is an error, it will be of type *LinkError.
+	Rename(oldname, newname string) error
+
+	// Stat returns a FileInfo describing the named file.
+	//
+	// If there is an error, it will be of type *PathError.
+	Stat(name string) (FileInfo, error)
+
+	// Lstat returns a FileInfo describing the named file.
+	//
+	// If the file is a symbolic link, the returned FileInfo
+	// describes the symbolic link. Lstat makes no attempt to follow the link.
+	//
+	// If there is an error, it will be of type *PathError.
+	Lstat(name string) (FileInfo, error)
+
+	// Symlink creates newname as a symbolic link to oldname.
+	//
+	// On Windows, a symlink to a non-existent oldname creates a file symlink;
+	// if oldname is later created as a directory the symlink will not work.
+	//
+	// If there is an error, it will be of type *LinkError.
+	Symlink(oldname, newname string) error
+
+	// WalkDir walks the file tree rooted at root, calling fn for each file or
+	// directory in the tree, including root.
+	//
+	// All errors that arise visiting files and directories are filtered by fn:
+	// see the [WalkDirFunc] documentation for details.
+	//
+	// The files are walked in lexical order, which makes the output deterministic
+	// but requires WalkDir to read an entire directory into memory before proceeding
+	// to walk that directory.
+	//
+	// WalkDir does not follow symbolic links found in directories,
+	// but if root itself is a symbolic link, its target will be walked.
+	WalkDir(root string, fn WalkDirFunc) error
+}

internal/ufs/fs_quota.go

@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2024 Matthew Penner
+
+package ufs
+
+import (
+	"sync/atomic"
+)
+
+type Quota struct {
+	// fs is the underlying filesystem that runs the actual I/O operations.
+	*UnixFS
+
+	// limit is the size limit of the filesystem.
+	//
+	// limit is atomic to allow the limit to be safely changed after the
+	// filesystem was created.
+	//
+	// A limit of `-1` disables any write operation from being performed.
+	// A limit of `0` disables any limit checking.
+	limit atomic.Int64
+
+	// usage is the current usage of the filesystem.
+	//
+	// If usage is set to `-1`, it hasn't been calculated yet.
+	usage atomic.Int64
+}
+
+func NewQuota(fs *UnixFS, limit int64) *Quota {
+	qfs := Quota{UnixFS: fs}
+	qfs.limit.Store(limit)
+	return &qfs
+}
+
+// Close closes the filesystem.
+func (fs *Quota) Close() (err error) {
+	err = fs.UnixFS.Close()
+	return
+}
+
+// Limit returns the limit of the filesystem.
+func (fs *Quota) Limit() int64 {
+	return fs.limit.Load()
+}
+
+// SetLimit returns the limit of the filesystem.
+func (fs *Quota) SetLimit(newLimit int64) int64 {
+	return fs.limit.Swap(newLimit)
+}
+
+// Usage returns the current usage of the filesystem.
+func (fs *Quota) Usage() int64 {
+	return fs.usage.Load()
+}
+
+// SetUsage updates the total usage of the filesystem.
+func (fs *Quota) SetUsage(newUsage int64) int64 {
+	return fs.usage.Swap(newUsage)
+}
+
+// Add adds `i` to the tracked usage total.
+func (fs *Quota) Add(i int64) int64 {
+	usage := fs.Usage()
+
+	// If adding `i` to the usage will put us below 0, cap it. (`i` can be negative)
+	if usage+i < 0 {
+		fs.usage.Store(0)
+		return 0
+	}
+	return fs.usage.Add(i)
+}
+
+// CanFit checks if the given size can fit in the filesystem without exceeding
+// the limit of the filesystem.
+func (fs *Quota) CanFit(size int64) bool {
+	// Get the size limit of the filesystem.
+	limit := fs.Limit()
+	switch limit {
+	case -1:
+		// A limit of -1 means no write operations are allowed.
+		return false
+	case 0:
+		// A limit of 0 means unlimited.
+		return true
+	}
+
+	// Any other limit is a value we need to check.
+	usage := fs.Usage()
+	if usage == -1 {
+		// We don't know what the current usage is yet.
+		return true
+	}
+
+	// If the current usage + the requested size are under the limit of the
+	// filesystem, allow it.
+	if usage+size <= limit {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	// Welp, the size would exceed the limit of the filesystem, deny it.
+	return false
+}
+
+func (fs *Quota) Remove(name string) error {
+	// For information on why this interface is used here, check its
+	// documentation.
+	s, err := fs.RemoveStat(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Don't reduce the quota's usage as `name` is not a regular file.
+	if !s.Mode().IsRegular() {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Remove the size of the deleted file from the quota usage.
+	fs.Add(-s.Size())
+	return nil
+}
+
+// RemoveAll removes path and any children it contains.
+//
+// It removes everything it can but returns the first error
+// it encounters. If the path does not exist, RemoveAll
+// returns nil (no error).
+//
+// If there is an error, it will be of type *PathError.
+func (fs *Quota) RemoveAll(name string) error {
+	name, err := fs.unsafePath(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	// While removeAll internally checks this, I want to make sure we check it
+	// and return the proper error so our tests can ensure that this will never
+	// be a possibility.
+	if name == "." {
+		return &PathError{
+			Op:   "removeall",
+			Path: name,
+			Err:  ErrBadPathResolution,
+		}
+	}
+	return fs.removeAll(name)
+}
+
+func (fs *Quota) removeAll(path string) error {
+	return removeAll(fs, path)
+}
+
+func (fs *Quota) unlinkat(dirfd int, name string, flags int) error {
+	if flags == 0 {
+		s, err := fs.Lstatat(dirfd, name)
+		if err == nil && s.Mode().IsRegular() {
+			fs.Add(-s.Size())
+		}
+	}
+	return fs.UnixFS.unlinkat(dirfd, name, flags)
+}

internal/ufs/fs_unix.go

@@ -0,0 +1,825 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2024 Matthew Penner
+
+//go:build unix
+
+package ufs
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+// UnixFS is a filesystem that uses the unix package to make io calls.
+//
+// This is used for proper sand-boxing and full control over the exact syscalls
+// being performed.
+type UnixFS struct {
+	// basePath is the base path for file operations to take place in.
+	basePath string
+
+	// dirfd holds the file descriptor of BasePath and is used to ensure
+	// operations are restricted into descendants of BasePath.
+	dirfd atomic.Int64
+
+	// useOpenat2 controls whether the `openat2` syscall is used instead of the
+	// older `openat` syscall.
+	useOpenat2 bool
+}
+
+// NewUnixFS creates a new sandboxed unix filesystem. BasePath is used as the
+// sandbox path, operations on BasePath itself are not allowed, but any
+// operations on its descendants are. Symlinks pointing outside BasePath are
+// checked and prevented from enabling an escape in a non-raceable manor.
+func NewUnixFS(basePath string, useOpenat2 bool) (*UnixFS, error) {
+	basePath = strings.TrimSuffix(basePath, "/")
+	// We don't need Openat2, if we are given a basePath that is already unsafe
+	// I give up on trying to sandbox it.
+	dirfd, err := unix.Openat(AT_EMPTY_PATH, basePath, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, convertErrorType(err)
+	}
+
+	fs := &UnixFS{
+		basePath:   basePath,
+		useOpenat2: useOpenat2,
+	}
+	fs.dirfd.Store(int64(dirfd))
+	return fs, nil
+}
+
+// BasePath returns the base path of the UnixFS sandbox, file operations
+// pointing outside this path are prohibited and will be blocked by all
+// operations implemented by UnixFS.
+func (fs *UnixFS) BasePath() string {
+	return fs.basePath
+}
+
+// Close releases the file descriptor used to sandbox operations within the
+// base path of the filesystem.
+func (fs *UnixFS) Close() error {
+	// Once closed, change dirfd to something invalid to detect when it has been
+	// closed.
+	defer func() {
+		fs.dirfd.Store(-1)
+	}()
+	return unix.Close(int(fs.dirfd.Load()))
+}
+
+// Chmod changes the mode of the named file to mode.
+//
+// If the file is a symbolic link, it changes the mode of the link's target.
+// If there is an error, it will be of type *PathError.
+//
+// A different subset of the mode bits are used, depending on the
+// operating system.
+//
+// On Unix, the mode's permission bits, ModeSetuid, ModeSetgid, and
+// ModeSticky are used.
+//
+// On Windows, only the 0200 bit (owner writable) of mode is used; it
+// controls whether the file's read-only attribute is set or cleared.
+// The other bits are currently unused. For compatibility with Go 1.12
+// and earlier, use a non-zero mode. Use mode 0400 for a read-only
+// file and 0600 for a readable+writable file.
+//
+// On Plan 9, the mode's permission bits, ModeAppend, ModeExclusive,
+// and ModeTemporary are used.
+func (fs *UnixFS) Chmod(name string, mode FileMode) error {
+	dirfd, name, closeFd, err := fs.safePath(name)
+	defer closeFd()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return convertErrorType(unix.Fchmodat(dirfd, name, uint32(mode), 0))
+}
+
+// Chown changes the numeric uid and gid of the named file.
+//
+// If the file is a symbolic link, it changes the uid and gid of the link's target.
+// A uid or gid of -1 means to not change that value.
+// If there is an error, it will be of type *PathError.
+//
+// On Windows or Plan 9, Chown always returns the syscall.EWINDOWS or
+// EPLAN9 error, wrapped in *PathError.
+func (fs *UnixFS) Chown(name string, uid, gid int) error {
+	return fs.fchown(name, uid, gid, 0)
+}
+
+// Lchown changes the numeric uid and gid of the named file.
+//
+// If the file is a symbolic link, it changes the uid and gid of the link itself.
+// If there is an error, it will be of type *PathError.
+//
+// On Windows, it always returns the syscall.EWINDOWS error, wrapped
+// in *PathError.
+func (fs *UnixFS) Lchown(name string, uid, gid int) error {
+	// With AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW, Fchownat acts like Lchown but allows us to
+	// pass a dirfd.
+	return fs.fchown(name, uid, gid, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW)
+}
+
+// fchown is a re-usable Fchownat syscall used by Chown and Lchown.
+func (fs *UnixFS) fchown(name string, uid, gid, flags int) error {
+	dirfd, name, closeFd, err := fs.safePath(name)
+	defer closeFd()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return convertErrorType(unix.Fchownat(dirfd, name, uid, gid, flags))
+}
+
+// Chownat is like Chown but allows passing an existing directory file
+// descriptor rather than needing to resolve one.
+func (fs *UnixFS) Chownat(dirfd int, name string, uid, gid int) error {
+	return convertErrorType(unix.Fchownat(dirfd, name, uid, gid, 0))
+}
+
+// Lchownat is like Lchown but allows passing an existing directory file
+// descriptor rather than needing to resolve one.
+func (fs *UnixFS) Lchownat(dirfd int, name string, uid, gid int) error {
+	return convertErrorType(unix.Fchownat(dirfd, name, uid, gid, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW))
+}
+
+// Chtimes changes the access and modification times of the named
+// file, similar to the Unix utime() or utimes() functions.
+//
+// The underlying filesystem may truncate or round the values to a
+// less precise time unit.
+//
+// If there is an error, it will be of type *PathError.
+func (fs *UnixFS) Chtimes(name string, atime, mtime time.Time) error {
+	dirfd, name, closeFd, err := fs.safePath(name)
+	defer closeFd()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return fs.Chtimesat(dirfd, name, atime, mtime)
+}
+
+// Chtimesat is like Chtimes but allows passing an existing directory file
+// descriptor rather than needing to resolve one.
+func (fs *UnixFS) Chtimesat(dirfd int, name string, atime, mtime time.Time) error {
+	var utimes [2]unix.Timespec
+	set := func(i int, t time.Time) {
+		if t.IsZero() {
+			utimes[i] = unix.Timespec{Sec: unix.UTIME_OMIT, Nsec: unix.UTIME_OMIT}
+		} else {
+			utimes[i] = unix.NsecToTimespec(t.UnixNano())
+		}
+	}
+	set(0, atime)
+	set(1, mtime)
+	// This does support `AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW` as well if needed.
+	if err := unix.UtimesNanoAt(dirfd, name, utimes[0:], 0); err != nil {
+		return convertErrorType(&PathError{Op: "chtimes", Path: name, Err: err})
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Create creates or truncates the named file. If the file already exists,
+// it is truncated.
+//
+// If the file does not exist, it is created with mode 0666
+// (before umask). If successful, methods on the returned File can
+// be used for I/O; the associated file descriptor has mode O_RDWR.
+// If there is an error, it will be of type *PathError.
+func (fs *UnixFS) Create(name string) (File, error) {
+	return fs.OpenFile(name, O_CREATE|O_WRONLY|O_TRUNC, 0o644)
+}
+
+// Mkdir creates a new directory with the specified name and permission
+// bits (before umask).
+//
+// If there is an error, it will be of type *PathError.
+func (fs *UnixFS) Mkdir(name string, mode FileMode) error {
+	dirfd, name, closeFd, err := fs.safePath(name)
+	defer closeFd()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return fs.Mkdirat(dirfd, name, mode)
+}
+
+func (fs *UnixFS) Mkdirat(dirfd int, name string, mode FileMode) error {
+	return convertErrorType(unix.Mkdirat(dirfd, name, uint32(mode)))
+}
+
+// MkdirAll creates a directory named path, along with any necessary
+// parents, and returns nil, or else returns an error.
+//
+// The permission bits perm (before umask) are used for all
+// directories that MkdirAll creates.
+// If path is already a directory, MkdirAll does nothing
+// and returns nil.
+func (fs *UnixFS) MkdirAll(name string, mode FileMode) error {
+	// Ensure name is somewhat clean before continuing.
+	name, err := fs.unsafePath(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return fs.mkdirAll(name, mode)
+}
+
+// Open opens the named file for reading.
+//
+// If successful, methods on the returned file can be used for reading; the
+// associated file descriptor has mode O_RDONLY.
+//
+// If there is an error, it will be of type *PathError.
+func (fs *UnixFS) Open(name string) (File, error) {
+	return fs.OpenFile(name, O_RDONLY, 0)
+}
+
+// OpenFile is the generalized open call; most users will use Open
+// or Create instead. It opens the named file with specified flag
+// (O_RDONLY etc.).
+//
+// If the file does not exist, and the O_CREATE flag
+// is passed, it is created with mode perm (before umask). If successful,
+// methods on the returned File can be used for I/O.
+//
+// If there is an error, it will be of type *PathError.
+func (fs *UnixFS) OpenFile(name string, flag int, mode FileMode) (File, error) {
+	fd, err := fs.openFile(name, flag, mode)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	// Do not close `fd` here, it is passed to a file that needs the fd, the
+	// caller of this function is responsible for calling Close() on the File
+	// to release the file descriptor.
+	return os.NewFile(uintptr(fd), name), nil
+}
+
+func (fs *UnixFS) openFile(name string, flag int, mode FileMode) (int, error) {
+	dirfd, name, closeFd, err := fs.safePath(name)
+	defer closeFd()
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	return fs.openat(dirfd, name, flag, mode)
+}
+
+func (fs *UnixFS) OpenFileat(dirfd int, name string, flag int, mode FileMode) (File, error) {
+	fd, err := fs.openat(dirfd, name, flag, mode)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	// Do not close `fd` here, it is passed to a file that needs the fd, the
+	// caller of this function is responsible for calling Close() on the File
+	// to release the file descriptor.
+	return os.NewFile(uintptr(fd), name), nil
+}
+
+// ReadDir reads the named directory,
+//
+// returning all its directory entries sorted by filename.
+// If an error occurs reading the directory, ReadDir returns the entries it
+// was able to read before the error, along with the error.
+func (fs *UnixFS) ReadDir(path string) ([]DirEntry, error) {
+	dirfd, name, closeFd, err := fs.safePath(path)
+	defer closeFd()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	fd, err := fs.openat(dirfd, name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer unix.Close(fd)
+	return fs.readDir(fd, name, nil)
+}
+
+// RemoveStat is a combination of Stat and Remove, it is used to more
+// efficiently remove a file when the caller needs to stat it before
+// removing it.
+//
+// This optimized function exists for our QuotaFS abstraction, which needs
+// to track writes to a filesystem. When removing a file, the QuotaFS needs
+// to know if the entry is a file and if so, how large it is. Because we
+// need to Stat a file in order to get its mode and size, we will already
+// know if the entry needs to be removed by using Unlink or Rmdir. The
+// standard `Remove` method just tries both Unlink and Rmdir (in that order)
+// as it ends up usually being faster and more efficient than calling Stat +
+// the proper operation in the first place.
+func (fs *UnixFS) RemoveStat(name string) (FileInfo, error) {
+	dirfd, name, closeFd, err := fs.safePath(name)
+	defer closeFd()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Lstat name, we use Lstat as Unlink doesn't care about symlinks.
+	s, err := fs.Lstatat(dirfd, name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if s.IsDir() {
+		err = fs.unlinkat(dirfd, name, AT_REMOVEDIR) // Rmdir
+	} else {
+		err = fs.unlinkat(dirfd, name, 0)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return s, convertErrorType(&PathError{Op: "remove", Path: name, Err: err})
+	}
+	return s, nil
+}
+
+// Remove removes the named file or (empty) directory.
+//
+// If there is an error, it will be of type *PathError.
+func (fs *UnixFS) Remove(name string) error {
+	dirfd, name, closeFd, err := fs.safePath(name)
+	defer closeFd()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Prevent trying to Remove the base directory.
+	if name == "." {
+		return &PathError{
+			Op:   "remove",
+			Path: name,
+			Err:  ErrBadPathResolution,
+		}
+	}
+
+	// System call interface forces us to know
+	// whether name is a file or directory.
+	// Try both: it is cheaper on average than
+	// doing a Stat plus the right one.
+	err = fs.unlinkat(dirfd, name, 0)
+	if err == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	err1 := fs.unlinkat(dirfd, name, AT_REMOVEDIR) // Rmdir
+	if err1 == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Both failed: figure out which error to return.
+	// OS X and Linux differ on whether unlink(dir)
+	// returns EISDIR, so can't use that. However,
+	// both agree that rmdir(file) returns ENOTDIR,
+	// so we can use that to decide which error is real.
+	// Rmdir might also return ENOTDIR if given a bad
+	// file path, like /etc/passwd/foo, but in that case,
+	// both errors will be ENOTDIR, so it's okay to
+	// use the error from unlink.
+	if err1 != unix.ENOTDIR {
+		err = err1
+	}
+	return convertErrorType(&PathError{Op: "remove", Path: name, Err: err})
+}
+
+// RemoveAll removes path and any children it contains.
+//
+// It removes everything it can but returns the first error
+// it encounters. If the path does not exist, RemoveAll
+// returns nil (no error).
+//
+// If there is an error, it will be of type *PathError.
+func (fs *UnixFS) RemoveAll(name string) error {
+	name, err := fs.unsafePath(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	// While removeAll internally checks this, I want to make sure we check it
+	// and return the proper error so our tests can ensure that this will never
+	// be a possibility.
+	if name == "." {
+		return &PathError{
+			Op:   "removeall",
+			Path: name,
+			Err:  ErrBadPathResolution,
+		}
+	}
+	return fs.removeAll(name)
+}
+
+func (fs *UnixFS) unlinkat(dirfd int, name string, flags int) error {
+	return ignoringEINTR(func() error {
+		return unix.Unlinkat(dirfd, name, flags)
+	})
+}
+
+// Rename renames (moves) oldpath to newpath.
+//
+// If newpath already exists and is not a directory, Rename replaces it.
+// OS-specific restrictions may apply when oldpath and newpath are in different directories.
+// Even within the same directory, on non-Unix platforms Rename is not an atomic operation.
+//
+// If there is an error, it will be of type *LinkError.
+func (fs *UnixFS) Rename(oldpath, newpath string) error {
+	// Simple case: both paths are the same.
+	if oldpath == newpath {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	olddirfd, oldname, closeFd, err := fs.safePath(oldpath)
+	defer closeFd()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	// Ensure that we are not trying to rename the base directory itself.
+	// While unix.Renameat ends up throwing a "device or resource busy" error,
+	// that doesn't mean we are protecting the system properly.
+	if oldname == "." {
+		return convertErrorType(&PathError{
+			Op:   "rename",
+			Path: oldname,
+			Err:  ErrBadPathResolution,
+		})
+	}
+	// Stat the old target to return proper errors.
+	if _, err := fs.Lstatat(olddirfd, oldname); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	newdirfd, newname, closeFd2, err := fs.safePath(newpath)
+	if err != nil {
+		closeFd2()
+		if !errors.Is(err, ErrNotExist) {
+			return convertErrorType(err)
+		}
+		var pathErr *PathError
+		if !errors.As(err, &pathErr) {
+			return convertErrorType(err)
+		}
+		if err := fs.MkdirAll(pathErr.Path, 0o755); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		newdirfd, newname, closeFd2, err = fs.safePath(newpath)
+		defer closeFd2()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	} else {
+		defer closeFd2()
+	}
+
+	// Ensure that we are not trying to rename the base directory itself.
+	// While unix.Renameat ends up throwing a "device or resource busy" error,
+	// that doesn't mean we are protecting the system properly.
+	if newname == "." {
+		return convertErrorType(&PathError{
+			Op:   "rename",
+			Path: newname,
+			Err:  ErrBadPathResolution,
+		})
+	}
+	// Stat the new target to return proper errors.
+	_, err = fs.Lstatat(newdirfd, newname)
+	switch {
+	case err == nil:
+		return convertErrorType(&PathError{
+			Op:   "rename",
+			Path: newname,
+			Err:  ErrExist,
+		})
+	case !errors.Is(err, ErrNotExist):
+		return err
+	}
+	return unix.Renameat(olddirfd, oldname, newdirfd, newname)
+}
+
+// Stat returns a FileInfo describing the named file.
+//
+// If there is an error, it will be of type *PathError.
+func (fs *UnixFS) Stat(name string) (FileInfo, error) {
+	return fs.fstat(name, 0)
+}
+
+// Statat is like Stat but allows passing an existing directory file
+// descriptor rather than needing to resolve one.
+func (fs *UnixFS) Statat(dirfd int, name string) (FileInfo, error) {
+	return fs.fstatat(dirfd, name, 0)
+}
+
+// Lstat returns a FileInfo describing the named file.
+//
+// If the file is a symbolic link, the returned FileInfo
+// describes the symbolic link. Lstat makes no attempt to follow the link.
+//
+// If there is an error, it will be of type *PathError.
+func (fs *UnixFS) Lstat(name string) (FileInfo, error) {
+	return fs.fstat(name, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW)
+}
+
+// Lstatat is like Lstat but allows passing an existing directory file
+// descriptor rather than needing to resolve one.
+func (fs *UnixFS) Lstatat(dirfd int, name string) (FileInfo, error) {
+	return fs.fstatat(dirfd, name, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW)
+}
+
+func (fs *UnixFS) fstat(name string, flags int) (FileInfo, error) {
+	dirfd, name, closeFd, err := fs.safePath(name)
+	defer closeFd()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return fs.fstatat(dirfd, name, flags)
+}
+
+func (fs *UnixFS) fstatat(dirfd int, name string, flags int) (FileInfo, error) {
+	var s fileStat
+	if err := ignoringEINTR(func() error {
+		return unix.Fstatat(dirfd, name, &s.sys, flags)
+	}); err != nil {
+		return nil, &PathError{Op: "stat", Path: name, Err: err}
+	}
+	fillFileStatFromSys(&s, name)
+	return &s, nil
+}
+
+// Symlink creates newname as a symbolic link to oldname.
+//
+// On Windows, a symlink to a non-existent oldname creates a file symlink;
+// if oldname is later created as a directory the symlink will not work.
+//
+// If there is an error, it will be of type *LinkError.
+func (fs *UnixFS) Symlink(oldpath, newpath string) error {
+	dirfd, newpath, closeFd, err := fs.safePath(newpath)
+	defer closeFd()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := ignoringEINTR(func() error {
+		// We aren't concerned with oldpath here as a symlink can point anywhere
+		// it wants.
+		return unix.Symlinkat(oldpath, dirfd, newpath)
+	}); err != nil {
+		return &LinkError{Op: "symlink", Old: oldpath, New: newpath, Err: err}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Touch will attempt to open a file for reading and/or writing. If the file
+// does not exist it will be created, and any missing parent directories will
+// also be created. The opened file may be truncated, only if `flag` has
+// O_TRUNC set.
+func (fs *UnixFS) Touch(path string, flag int, mode FileMode) (File, error) {
+	if flag&O_CREATE == 0 {
+		flag |= O_CREATE
+	}
+	dirfd, name, closeFd, err := fs.safePath(path)
+	defer closeFd()
+	if err == nil {
+		return fs.OpenFileat(dirfd, name, flag, mode)
+	}
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrNotExist) {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var pathErr *PathError
+	if !errors.As(err, &pathErr) {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := fs.MkdirAll(pathErr.Path, 0o755); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	// Try to open the file one more time after creating its parent directories.
+	return fs.OpenFile(path, flag, mode)
+}
+
+// WalkDir walks the file tree rooted at root, calling fn for each file or
+// directory in the tree, including root.
+//
+// All errors that arise visiting files and directories are filtered by fn:
+// see the [WalkDirFunc] documentation for details.
+//
+// The files are walked in lexical order, which makes the output deterministic
+// but requires WalkDir to read an entire directory into memory before proceeding
+// to walk that directory.
+//
+// WalkDir does not follow symbolic links found in directories,
+// but if root itself is a symbolic link, its target will be walked.
+func (fs *UnixFS) WalkDir(root string, fn WalkDirFunc) error {
+	return WalkDir(fs, root, fn)
+}
+
+// openat is a wrapper around both unix.Openat and unix.Openat2. If the UnixFS
+// was configured to enable openat2 support, unix.Openat2 will be used instead
+// of unix.Openat due to having better security properties for our use-case.
+func (fs *UnixFS) openat(dirfd int, name string, flag int, mode FileMode) (int, error) {
+	if flag&O_NOFOLLOW == 0 {
+		flag |= O_NOFOLLOW
+	}
+
+	var fd int
+	for {
+		var err error
+		if fs.useOpenat2 {
+			fd, err = fs._openat2(dirfd, name, uint64(flag), uint64(syscallMode(mode)))
+		} else {
+			fd, err = fs._openat(dirfd, name, flag, uint32(syscallMode(mode)))
+		}
+		if err == nil {
+			break
+		}
+		// We have to check EINTR here, per issues https://go.dev/issue/11180 and https://go.dev/issue/39237.
+		if err == unix.EINTR {
+			continue
+		}
+		return 0, convertErrorType(err)
+	}
+
+	// If we are not using openat2, do additional path checking. This assumes
+	// that openat2 is using `RESOLVE_BENEATH` to avoid the same security
+	// issue.
+	if !fs.useOpenat2 {
+		var finalPath string
+		finalPath, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(filepath.Join("/proc/self/fd/", strconv.Itoa(dirfd)))
+		if err != nil {
+			return fd, convertErrorType(err)
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			if !errors.Is(err, ErrNotExist) {
+				return fd, fmt.Errorf("failed to evaluate symlink: %w", convertErrorType(err))
+			}
+
+			// The target of one of the symlinks (EvalSymlinks is recursive)
+			// does not exist. So get the path that does not exist and use
+			// that for further validation instead.
+			var pErr *PathError
+			if ok := errors.As(err, &pErr); !ok {
+				return fd, fmt.Errorf("failed to evaluate symlink: %w", convertErrorType(err))
+			}
+			finalPath = pErr.Path
+		}
+
+		// Check if the path is within our root.
+		if !fs.unsafeIsPathInsideOfBase(finalPath) {
+			return fd, convertErrorType(&PathError{
+				Op:   "openat",
+				Path: name,
+				Err:  ErrBadPathResolution,
+			})
+		}
+	}
+	return fd, nil
+}
+
+// _openat is a wrapper around unix.Openat. This method should never be directly
+// called, use `openat` instead.
+func (fs *UnixFS) _openat(dirfd int, name string, flag int, mode uint32) (int, error) {
+	// Ensure the O_CLOEXEC flag is set.
+	// Go sets this in the os package, but since we are directly using unix
+	// we need to set it ourselves.
+	if flag&O_CLOEXEC == 0 {
+		flag |= O_CLOEXEC
+	}
+	// O_LARGEFILE is set by Openat for us automatically.
+	fd, err := unix.Openat(dirfd, name, flag, mode)
+	switch {
+	case err == nil:
+		return fd, nil
+	case err == unix.EINTR:
+		return 0, err
+	case err == unix.EAGAIN:
+		return 0, err
+	default:
+		return 0, &PathError{Op: "openat", Path: name, Err: err}
+	}
+}
+
+// _openat2 is a wonderful syscall that supersedes the `openat` syscall. It has
+// improved validation and security characteristics that weren't available or
+// considered when `openat` was originally implemented. As such, it is only
+// present in Kernel 5.6 and above.
+//
+// This method should never be directly called, use `openat` instead.
+func (fs *UnixFS) _openat2(dirfd int, name string, flag uint64, mode uint64) (int, error) {
+	// Ensure the O_CLOEXEC flag is set.
+	// Go sets this when using the os package, but since we are directly using
+	// the unix package we need to set it ourselves.
+	if flag&O_CLOEXEC == 0 {
+		flag |= O_CLOEXEC
+	}
+	// Ensure the O_LARGEFILE flag is set.
+	// Go sets this for unix.Open, unix.Openat, but not unix.Openat2.
+	if flag&O_LARGEFILE == 0 {
+		flag |= O_LARGEFILE
+	}
+	fd, err := unix.Openat2(dirfd, name, &unix.OpenHow{
+		Flags: flag,
+		Mode:  mode,
+		// This is the bread and butter of preventing a symlink escape, without
+		// this option, we have to handle path validation fully on our own.
+		//
+		// This is why using Openat2 over Openat is preferred if available.
+		Resolve: unix.RESOLVE_BENEATH,
+	})
+	switch {
+	case err == nil:
+		return fd, nil
+	case err == unix.EINTR:
+		return 0, err
+	case err == unix.EAGAIN:
+		return 0, err
+	default:
+		return 0, &PathError{Op: "openat2", Path: name, Err: err}
+	}
+}
+
+func (fs *UnixFS) SafePath(path string) (int, string, func(), error) {
+	return fs.safePath(path)
+}
+
+func (fs *UnixFS) safePath(path string) (dirfd int, file string, closeFd func(), err error) {
+	// Default closeFd to a NO-OP.
+	closeFd = func() {}
+
+	// Use unsafePath to clean the path and strip BasePath if path is absolute.
+	var name string
+	name, err = fs.unsafePath(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Check if dirfd was closed, this will happen if (*UnixFS).Close()
+	// was called.
+	fsDirfd := int(fs.dirfd.Load())
+	if fsDirfd == -1 {
+		err = ErrClosed
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Split the parent from the last element in the path, this gives us the
+	// "file name" and the full path to its parent.
+	var dir string
+	dir, file = filepath.Split(name)
+	// If dir is empty then name is not nested.
+	if dir == "" {
+		// We don't need to set closeFd here as it will default to a NO-OP and
+		// `fs.dirfd` is re-used until the filesystem is no-longer needed.
+		dirfd = fsDirfd
+
+		// Return dirfd, name, an empty closeFd func, and no error
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Dir will usually contain a trailing slash as filepath.Split doesn't
+	// trim slashes.
+	dir = strings.TrimSuffix(dir, "/")
+	dirfd, err = fs.openat(fsDirfd, dir, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY, 0)
+	if dirfd != 0 {
+		// Set closeFd to close the newly opened directory file descriptor.
+		closeFd = func() { _ = unix.Close(dirfd) }
+	}
+
+	// Return dirfd, name, the closeFd func, and err
+	return
+}
+
+// unsafePath prefixes the given path and prefixes it with the filesystem's
+// base path, cleaning the result. The path returned by this function may not
+// be inside the filesystem's base path, additional checks are required to
+// safely use paths returned by this function.
+func (fs *UnixFS) unsafePath(path string) (string, error) {
+	// Calling filepath.Clean on the joined directory will resolve it to the
+	// absolute path, removing any ../ type of resolution arguments, and leaving
+	// us with a direct path link.
+	//
+	// This will also trim the existing root path off the beginning of the path
+	// passed to the function since that can get a bit messy.
+	r := filepath.Clean(filepath.Join(fs.basePath, strings.TrimPrefix(path, fs.basePath)))
+
+	if fs.unsafeIsPathInsideOfBase(r) {
+		// This is kinda ironic isn't it.
+		// We do this as we are operating with dirfds and `*at` syscalls which
+		// behave differently if given an absolute path.
+		//
+		// First trim the BasePath, then trim any leading slashes.
+		r = strings.TrimPrefix(strings.TrimPrefix(r, fs.basePath), "/")
+		// If the path is empty then return "." as the path is pointing to the
+		// root.
+		if r == "" {
+			return ".", nil
+		}
+		return r, nil
+	}
+
+	return "", &PathError{
+		Op:   "safePath",
+		Path: path,
+		Err:  ErrBadPathResolution,
+	}
+}
+
+// unsafeIsPathInsideOfBase checks if the given path is inside the filesystem's
+// base path.
+func (fs *UnixFS) unsafeIsPathInsideOfBase(path string) bool {
+	return strings.HasPrefix(
+		strings.TrimSuffix(path, "/")+"/",
+		fs.basePath+"/",
+	)
+}

internal/ufs/fs_unix_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2024 Matthew Penner
+
+//go:build unix
+
+package ufs_test
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/ufs"
+)
+
+type testUnixFS struct {
+	*ufs.UnixFS
+
+	TmpDir string
+	Root   string
+}
+
+func (fs *testUnixFS) Cleanup() {
+	_ = fs.Close()
+	_ = os.RemoveAll(fs.TmpDir)
+}
+
+func newTestUnixFS() (*testUnixFS, error) {
+	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp(os.TempDir(), "ufs")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	root := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "root")
+	if err := os.Mkdir(root, 0o755); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	// TODO: test both disabled and enabled.
+	fs, err := ufs.NewUnixFS(root, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	tfs := &testUnixFS{
+		UnixFS: fs,
+		TmpDir: tmpDir,
+		Root:   root,
+	}
+	return tfs, nil
+}
+
+func TestUnixFS_Remove(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	fs, err := newTestUnixFS()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+		return
+	}
+	defer fs.Cleanup()
+
+	t.Run("base directory", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Try to remove the base directory.
+		if err := fs.Remove(""); !errors.Is(err, ufs.ErrBadPathResolution) {
+			t.Errorf("expected an a bad path resolution error, but got: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("path traversal", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Try to remove the base directory.
+		if err := fs.RemoveAll("../root"); !errors.Is(err, ufs.ErrBadPathResolution) {
+			t.Errorf("expected an a bad path resolution error, but got: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestUnixFS_RemoveAll(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	fs, err := newTestUnixFS()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+		return
+	}
+	defer fs.Cleanup()
+
+	t.Run("base directory", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Try to remove the base directory.
+		if err := fs.RemoveAll(""); !errors.Is(err, ufs.ErrBadPathResolution) {
+			t.Errorf("expected an a bad path resolution error, but got: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("path traversal", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Try to remove the base directory.
+		if err := fs.RemoveAll("../root"); !errors.Is(err, ufs.ErrBadPathResolution) {
+			t.Errorf("expected an a bad path resolution error, but got: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestUnixFS_Rename(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	fs, err := newTestUnixFS()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+		return
+	}
+	defer fs.Cleanup()
+
+	t.Run("rename base directory", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Try to rename the base directory.
+		if err := fs.Rename("", "yeet"); !errors.Is(err, ufs.ErrBadPathResolution) {
+			t.Errorf("expected an a bad path resolution error, but got: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("rename over base directory", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create a directory that we are going to try and move over top of the
+		// existing base directory.
+		if err := fs.Mkdir("overwrite_dir", 0o755); err != nil {
+			t.Error(err)
+			return
+		}
+
+		// Try to rename over the base directory.
+		if err := fs.Rename("overwrite_dir", ""); !errors.Is(err, ufs.ErrBadPathResolution) {
+			t.Errorf("expected an a bad path resolution error, but got: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("directory rename", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create a directory to rename to something else.
+		if err := fs.Mkdir("test_directory", 0o755); err != nil {
+			t.Error(err)
+			return
+		}
+
+		// Try to rename "test_directory" to "directory".
+		if err := fs.Rename("test_directory", "directory"); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("expected no error, but got: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+
+		// Sanity check
+		if _, err := os.Lstat(filepath.Join(fs.Root, "directory")); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Lstat errored when performing sanity check: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("file rename", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create a directory to rename to something else.
+		if f, err := fs.Create("test_file"); err != nil {
+			t.Error(err)
+			return
+		} else {
+			_ = f.Close()
+		}
+
+		// Try to rename "test_file" to "file".
+		if err := fs.Rename("test_file", "file"); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("expected no error, but got: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+
+		// Sanity check
+		if _, err := os.Lstat(filepath.Join(fs.Root, "file")); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Lstat errored when performing sanity check: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestUnixFS_Touch(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	fs, err := newTestUnixFS()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+		return
+	}
+	defer fs.Cleanup()
+
+	t.Run("base directory", func(t *testing.T) {
+		path := "i_touched_a_file"
+		f, err := fs.Touch(path, ufs.O_RDWR, 0o644)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Error(err)
+			return
+		}
+		_ = f.Close()
+
+		// Sanity check
+		if _, err := os.Lstat(filepath.Join(fs.Root, path)); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Lstat errored when performing sanity check: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("existing parent directory", func(t *testing.T) {
+		dir := "some_parent_directory"
+		if err := fs.Mkdir(dir, 0o755); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("error creating parent directory: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+		path := filepath.Join(dir, "i_touched_a_file")
+		f, err := fs.Touch(path, ufs.O_RDWR, 0o644)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("error touching file: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+		_ = f.Close()
+
+		// Sanity check
+		if _, err := os.Lstat(filepath.Join(fs.Root, path)); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Lstat errored when performing sanity check: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("non-existent parent directory", func(t *testing.T) {
+		path := "some_other_directory/i_touched_a_file"
+		f, err := fs.Touch(path, ufs.O_RDWR, 0o644)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("error touching file: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+		_ = f.Close()
+
+		// Sanity check
+		if _, err := os.Lstat(filepath.Join(fs.Root, path)); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Lstat errored when performing sanity check: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("non-existent parent directories", func(t *testing.T) {
+		path := "some_other_directory/some_directory/i_touched_a_file"
+		f, err := fs.Touch(path, ufs.O_RDWR, 0o644)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("error touching file: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+		_ = f.Close()
+
+		// Sanity check
+		if _, err := os.Lstat(filepath.Join(fs.Root, path)); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Lstat errored when performing sanity check: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+	})
+}

internal/ufs/go.LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+Copyright (c) 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+met:
+
+   * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+   * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+distribution.
+   * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

internal/ufs/mkdir_unix.go

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+
+// Code in this file was derived from `go/src/os/path.go`.
+
+// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the `go.LICENSE` file.
+
+//go:build unix
+
+package ufs
+
+import (
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+// mkdirAll is a recursive Mkdir implementation that properly handles symlinks.
+func (fs *UnixFS) mkdirAll(name string, mode FileMode) error {
+	// Fast path: if we can tell whether path is a directory or file, stop with success or error.
+	dir, err := fs.Lstat(name)
+	if err == nil {
+		if dir.Mode()&ModeSymlink != 0 {
+			// If the final path is a symlink, resolve its target and use that
+			// to check instead.
+			dir, err = fs.Stat(name)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		if dir.IsDir() {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return convertErrorType(&PathError{Op: "mkdir", Path: name, Err: unix.ENOTDIR})
+	}
+
+	// Slow path: make sure parent exists and then call Mkdir for path.
+	i := len(name)
+	for i > 0 && name[i-1] == '/' { // Skip trailing path separator.
+		i--
+	}
+
+	j := i
+	for j > 0 && name[j-1] != '/' { // Scan backward over element.
+		j--
+	}
+
+	if j > 1 {
+		// Create parent.
+		err = fs.mkdirAll(name[:j-1], mode)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Parent now exists; invoke Mkdir and use its result.
+	err = fs.Mkdir(name, mode)
+	if err != nil {
+		// Handle arguments like "foo/." by
+		// double-checking that directory doesn't exist.
+		dir, err1 := fs.Lstat(name)
+		if err1 == nil && dir.IsDir() {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}

internal/ufs/path_unix.go

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+
+// Code in this file was copied from `go/src/os/path.go`
+// and `go/src/os/path_unix.go`.
+
+// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the `go.LICENSE` file.
+
+//go:build unix
+
+package ufs
+
+import (
+	"os"
+)
+
+// basename removes trailing slashes and the leading directory name from path name.
+func basename(name string) string {
+	i := len(name) - 1
+	// Remove trailing slashes
+	for ; i > 0 && name[i] == '/'; i-- {
+		name = name[:i]
+	}
+	// Remove leading directory name
+	for i--; i >= 0; i-- {
+		if name[i] == '/' {
+			name = name[i+1:]
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	return name
+}
+
+// endsWithDot reports whether the final component of path is ".".
+func endsWithDot(path string) bool {
+	if path == "." {
+		return true
+	}
+	if len(path) >= 2 && path[len(path)-1] == '.' && os.IsPathSeparator(path[len(path)-2]) {
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// splitPath returns the base name and parent directory.
+func splitPath(path string) (string, string) {
+	// if no better parent is found, the path is relative from "here"
+	dirname := "."
+
+	// Remove all but one leading slash.
+	for len(path) > 1 && path[0] == '/' && path[1] == '/' {
+		path = path[1:]
+	}
+
+	i := len(path) - 1
+
+	// Remove trailing slashes.
+	for ; i > 0 && path[i] == '/'; i-- {
+		path = path[:i]
+	}
+
+	// if no slashes in path, base is path
+	basename := path
+
+	// Remove leading directory path
+	for i--; i >= 0; i-- {
+		if path[i] == '/' {
+			if i == 0 {
+				dirname = path[:1]
+			} else {
+				dirname = path[:i]
+			}
+			basename = path[i+1:]
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	return dirname, basename
+}

internal/ufs/quota_writer.go

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2024 Matthew Penner
+
+package ufs
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"sync/atomic"
+)
+
+// CountedWriter is a writer that counts the amount of data written to the
+// underlying writer.
+type CountedWriter struct {
+	File
+
+	counter atomic.Int64
+	err     error
+}
+
+// NewCountedWriter returns a new countedWriter that counts the amount of bytes
+// written to the underlying writer.
+func NewCountedWriter(f File) *CountedWriter {
+	return &CountedWriter{File: f}
+}
+
+// BytesWritten returns the amount of bytes that have been written to the
+// underlying writer.
+func (w *CountedWriter) BytesWritten() int64 {
+	return w.counter.Load()
+}
+
+// Error returns the error from the writer if any. If the error is an EOF, nil
+// will be returned.
+func (w *CountedWriter) Error() error {
+	if errors.Is(w.err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return w.err
+}
+
+// Write writes bytes to the underlying writer while tracking the total amount
+// of bytes written.
+func (w *CountedWriter) Write(p []byte) (int, error) {
+	if w.err != nil {
+		return 0, io.EOF
+	}
+
+	// Write is a very simple operation for us to handle.
+	n, err := w.File.Write(p)
+	w.counter.Add(int64(n))
+	w.err = err
+
+	// TODO: is this how we actually want to handle errors with this?
+	if err == io.EOF {
+		return n, io.EOF
+	} else {
+		return n, nil
+	}
+}
+
+func (w *CountedWriter) ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (n int64, err error) {
+	cr := NewCountedReader(r)
+	n, err = w.File.ReadFrom(cr)
+	w.counter.Add(n)
+	return
+}
+
+// CountedReader is a reader that counts the amount of data read from the
+// underlying reader.
+type CountedReader struct {
+	reader io.Reader
+
+	counter atomic.Int64
+	err     error
+}
+
+var _ io.Reader = (*CountedReader)(nil)
+
+// NewCountedReader returns a new countedReader that counts the amount of bytes
+// read from the underlying reader.
+func NewCountedReader(r io.Reader) *CountedReader {
+	return &CountedReader{reader: r}
+}
+
+// BytesRead returns the amount of bytes that have been read from the underlying
+// reader.
+func (r *CountedReader) BytesRead() int64 {
+	return r.counter.Load()
+}
+
+// Error returns the error from the reader if any. If the error is an EOF, nil
+// will be returned.
+func (r *CountedReader) Error() error {
+	if errors.Is(r.err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return r.err
+}
+
+// Read reads bytes from the underlying reader while tracking the total amount
+// of bytes read.
+func (r *CountedReader) Read(p []byte) (int, error) {
+	if r.err != nil {
+		return 0, io.EOF
+	}
+
+	n, err := r.reader.Read(p)
+	r.counter.Add(int64(n))
+	r.err = err
+
+	if err == io.EOF {
+		return n, io.EOF
+	} else {
+		return n, nil
+	}
+}

internal/ufs/removeall_unix.go

@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+
+// Code in this file was derived from `go/src/os/removeall_at.go`.
+
+// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the `go.LICENSE` file.
+
+//go:build unix
+
+package ufs
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+type unixFS interface {
+	Open(name string) (File, error)
+	Remove(name string) error
+	unlinkat(dirfd int, path string, flags int) error
+}
+
+func (fs *UnixFS) removeAll(path string) error {
+	return removeAll(fs, path)
+}
+
+func removeAll(fs unixFS, path string) error {
+	if path == "" {
+		// fail silently to retain compatibility with previous behavior
+		// of RemoveAll. See issue https://go.dev/issue/28830.
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// The rmdir system call does not permit removing ".",
+	// so we don't permit it either.
+	if endsWithDot(path) {
+		return &PathError{Op: "removeall", Path: path, Err: unix.EINVAL}
+	}
+
+	// Simple case: if Remove works, we're done.
+	err := fs.Remove(path)
+	if err == nil || errors.Is(err, ErrNotExist) {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// RemoveAll recurses by deleting the path base from
+	// its parent directory
+	parentDir, base := splitPath(path)
+
+	parent, err := fs.Open(parentDir)
+	if errors.Is(err, ErrNotExist) {
+		// If parent does not exist, base cannot exist. Fail silently
+		return nil
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer parent.Close()
+
+	if err := removeAllFrom(fs, parent, base); err != nil {
+		if pathErr, ok := err.(*PathError); ok {
+			pathErr.Path = parentDir + string(os.PathSeparator) + pathErr.Path
+			err = pathErr
+		}
+		return convertErrorType(err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func removeAllFrom(fs unixFS, parent File, base string) error {
+	parentFd := int(parent.Fd())
+	// Simple case: if Unlink (aka remove) works, we're done.
+	err := fs.unlinkat(parentFd, base, 0)
+	if err == nil || errors.Is(err, ErrNotExist) {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// EISDIR means that we have a directory, and we need to
+	// remove its contents.
+	// EPERM or EACCES means that we don't have write permission on
+	// the parent directory, but this entry might still be a directory
+	// whose contents need to be removed.
+	// Otherwise, just return the error.
+	if err != unix.EISDIR && err != unix.EPERM && err != unix.EACCES {
+		return &PathError{Op: "unlinkat", Path: base, Err: err}
+	}
+
+	// Is this a directory we need to recurse into?
+	var statInfo unix.Stat_t
+	statErr := ignoringEINTR(func() error {
+		return unix.Fstatat(parentFd, base, &statInfo, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW)
+	})
+	if statErr != nil {
+		if errors.Is(statErr, ErrNotExist) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return &PathError{Op: "fstatat", Path: base, Err: statErr}
+	}
+	if statInfo.Mode&unix.S_IFMT != unix.S_IFDIR {
+		// Not a directory; return the error from the unix.Unlinkat.
+		return &PathError{Op: "unlinkat", Path: base, Err: err}
+	}
+
+	// Remove the directory's entries.
+	var recurseErr error
+	for {
+		const reqSize = 1024
+		var respSize int
+
+		// Open the directory to recurse into
+		file, err := openFdAt(parentFd, base)
+		if err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, ErrNotExist) {
+				return nil
+			}
+			recurseErr = &PathError{Op: "openfdat", Path: base, Err: err}
+			break
+		}
+
+		for {
+			numErr := 0
+
+			names, readErr := file.Readdirnames(reqSize)
+			// Errors other than EOF should stop us from continuing.
+			if readErr != nil && readErr != io.EOF {
+				_ = file.Close()
+				if errors.Is(readErr, ErrNotExist) {
+					return nil
+				}
+				return &PathError{Op: "readdirnames", Path: base, Err: readErr}
+			}
+
+			respSize = len(names)
+			for _, name := range names {
+				err := removeAllFrom(fs, file, name)
+				if err != nil {
+					if pathErr, ok := err.(*PathError); ok {
+						pathErr.Path = base + string(os.PathSeparator) + pathErr.Path
+					}
+					numErr++
+					if recurseErr == nil {
+						recurseErr = err
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			// If we can delete any entry, break to start new iteration.
+			// Otherwise, we discard current names, get next entries and try deleting them.
+			if numErr != reqSize {
+				break
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Removing files from the directory may have caused
+		// the OS to reshuffle it. Simply calling Readdirnames
+		// again may skip some entries. The only reliable way
+		// to avoid this is to close and re-open the
+		// directory. See issue https://go.dev/issue/20841.
+		_ = file.Close()
+
+		// Finish when the end of the directory is reached
+		if respSize < reqSize {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Remove the directory itself.
+	unlinkErr := fs.unlinkat(parentFd, base, AT_REMOVEDIR)
+	if unlinkErr == nil || errors.Is(unlinkErr, ErrNotExist) {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if recurseErr != nil {
+		return recurseErr
+	}
+	return &PathError{Op: "unlinkat", Path: base, Err: unlinkErr}
+}
+
+// openFdAt opens path relative to the directory in fd.
+// Other than that this should act like openFileNolog.
+// This acts like openFileNolog rather than OpenFile because
+// we are going to (try to) remove the file.
+// The contents of this file are not relevant for test caching.
+func openFdAt(dirfd int, name string) (File, error) {
+	var fd int
+	for {
+		var err error
+		fd, err = unix.Openat(dirfd, name, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW, 0)
+		if err == nil {
+			break
+		}
+
+		// See comment in openFileNolog.
+		if err == unix.EINTR {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	// This is stupid, os.NewFile immediately casts `fd` to an `int`, but wants
+	// it to be passed as a `uintptr`.
+	return os.NewFile(uintptr(fd), name), nil
+}

internal/ufs/stat_unix.go

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+
+// Code in this file was copied from `go/src/os/stat_linux.go`
+// and `go/src/os/types_unix.go`.
+
+// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the `go.LICENSE` file.
+
+//go:build unix
+
+package ufs
+
+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+type fileStat struct {
+	name    string
+	size    int64
+	mode    FileMode
+	modTime time.Time
+	sys     unix.Stat_t
+}
+
+var _ FileInfo = (*fileStat)(nil)
+
+func (fs *fileStat) Size() int64        { return fs.size }
+func (fs *fileStat) Mode() FileMode     { return fs.mode }
+func (fs *fileStat) ModTime() time.Time { return fs.modTime }
+func (fs *fileStat) Sys() any           { return &fs.sys }
+func (fs *fileStat) Name() string       { return fs.name }
+func (fs *fileStat) IsDir() bool        { return fs.Mode().IsDir() }
+
+func fillFileStatFromSys(fs *fileStat, name string) {
+	fs.name = basename(name)
+	fs.size = fs.sys.Size
+	fs.modTime = time.Unix(fs.sys.Mtim.Unix())
+	fs.mode = FileMode(fs.sys.Mode & 0o777)
+	switch fs.sys.Mode & unix.S_IFMT {
+	case unix.S_IFBLK:
+		fs.mode |= ModeDevice
+	case unix.S_IFCHR:
+		fs.mode |= ModeDevice | ModeCharDevice
+	case unix.S_IFDIR:
+		fs.mode |= ModeDir
+	case unix.S_IFIFO:
+		fs.mode |= ModeNamedPipe
+	case unix.S_IFLNK:
+		fs.mode |= ModeSymlink
+	case unix.S_IFREG:
+		// nothing to do
+	case unix.S_IFSOCK:
+		fs.mode |= ModeSocket
+	}
+	if fs.sys.Mode&unix.S_ISGID != 0 {
+		fs.mode |= ModeSetgid
+	}
+	if fs.sys.Mode&unix.S_ISUID != 0 {
+		fs.mode |= ModeSetuid
+	}
+	if fs.sys.Mode&unix.S_ISVTX != 0 {
+		fs.mode |= ModeSticky
+	}
+}

internal/ufs/walk.go

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+
+// Code in this file was derived from `go/src/io/fs/walk.go`.
+
+// Copyright 2020 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the `go.LICENSE` file.
+
+package ufs
+
+import (
+	iofs "io/fs"
+	"path"
+)
+
+// SkipDir is used as a return value from [WalkDirFunc] to indicate that
+// the directory named in the call is to be skipped. It is not returned
+// as an error by any function.
+var SkipDir = iofs.SkipDir
+
+// SkipAll is used as a return value from [WalkDirFunc] to indicate that
+// all remaining files and directories are to be skipped. It is not returned
+// as an error by any function.
+var SkipAll = iofs.SkipAll
+
+// WalkDirFunc is the type of the function called by [WalkDir] to visit
+// each file or directory.
+//
+// The path argument contains the argument to [WalkDir] as a prefix.
+// That is, if WalkDir is called with root argument "dir" and finds a file
+// named "a" in that directory, the walk function will be called with
+// argument "dir/a".
+//
+// The d argument is the [DirEntry] for the named path.
+//
+// The error result returned by the function controls how [WalkDir]
+// continues. If the function returns the special value [SkipDir], WalkDir
+// skips the current directory (path if d.IsDir() is true, otherwise
+// path's parent directory). If the function returns the special value
+// [SkipAll], WalkDir skips all remaining files and directories. Otherwise,
+// if the function returns a non-nil error, WalkDir stops entirely and
+// returns that error.
+//
+// The err argument reports an error related to path, signaling that
+// [WalkDir] will not walk into that directory. The function can decide how
+// to handle that error; as described earlier, returning the error will
+// cause WalkDir to stop walking the entire tree.
+//
+// [WalkDir] calls the function with a non-nil err argument in two cases.
+//
+// First, if the initial [Stat] on the root directory fails, WalkDir
+// calls the function with path set to root, d set to nil, and err set to
+// the error from [fs.Stat].
+//
+// Second, if a directory's ReadDir method (see [ReadDirFile]) fails, WalkDir calls the
+// function with path set to the directory's path, d set to an
+// [DirEntry] describing the directory, and err set to the error from
+// ReadDir. In this second case, the function is called twice with the
+// path of the directory: the first call is before the directory read is
+// attempted and has err set to nil, giving the function a chance to
+// return [SkipDir] or [SkipAll] and avoid the ReadDir entirely. The second call
+// is after a failed ReadDir and reports the error from ReadDir.
+// (If ReadDir succeeds, there is no second call.)
+type WalkDirFunc func(path string, d DirEntry, err error) error
+
+// WalkDir walks the file tree rooted at root, calling fn for each file or
+// directory in the tree, including root.
+//
+// All errors that arise visiting files and directories are filtered by fn:
+// see the [WalkDirFunc] documentation for details.
+//
+// The files are walked in lexical order, which makes the output deterministic
+// but requires WalkDir to read an entire directory into memory before proceeding
+// to walk that directory.
+//
+// WalkDir does not follow symbolic links found in directories,
+// but if root itself is a symbolic link, its target will be walked.
+func WalkDir(fs Filesystem, root string, fn WalkDirFunc) error {
+	info, err := fs.Stat(root)
+	if err != nil {
+		err = fn(root, nil, err)
+	} else {
+		err = walkDir(fs, root, iofs.FileInfoToDirEntry(info), fn)
+	}
+	if err == SkipDir || err == SkipAll {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+// walkDir recursively descends path, calling walkDirFn.
+func walkDir(fs Filesystem, name string, d DirEntry, walkDirFn WalkDirFunc) error {
+	if err := walkDirFn(name, d, nil); err != nil || !d.IsDir() {
+		if err == SkipDir && d.IsDir() {
+			// Successfully skipped directory.
+			err = nil
+		}
+		return err
+	}
+
+	dirs, err := fs.ReadDir(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		// Second call, to report ReadDir error.
+		err = walkDirFn(name, d, err)
+		if err != nil {
+			if err == SkipDir && d.IsDir() {
+				err = nil
+			}
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, d1 := range dirs {
+		name1 := path.Join(name, d1.Name())
+		if err := walkDir(fs, name1, d1, walkDirFn); err != nil {
+			if err == SkipDir {
+				break
+			}
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}

internal/ufs/walk_unix.go

@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+
+// Some code in this file was derived from https://github.com/karrick/godirwalk.
+
+//go:build unix
+
+package ufs
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	iofs "io/fs"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"reflect"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+type WalkDiratFunc func(dirfd int, name, relative string, d DirEntry, err error) error
+
+func (fs *UnixFS) WalkDirat(dirfd int, name string, fn WalkDiratFunc) error {
+	if dirfd == 0 {
+		// TODO: proper validation, ideally a dedicated function.
+		dirfd = int(fs.dirfd.Load())
+	}
+	info, err := fs.Lstatat(dirfd, name)
+	if err != nil {
+		err = fn(dirfd, name, name, nil, err)
+	} else {
+		b := newScratchBuffer()
+		err = fs.walkDir(b, dirfd, name, name, iofs.FileInfoToDirEntry(info), fn)
+	}
+	if err == SkipDir || err == SkipAll {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+func (fs *UnixFS) walkDir(b []byte, parentfd int, name, relative string, d DirEntry, walkDirFn WalkDiratFunc) error {
+	if err := walkDirFn(parentfd, name, relative, d, nil); err != nil || !d.IsDir() {
+		if err == SkipDir && d.IsDir() {
+			// Successfully skipped directory.
+			err = nil
+		}
+		return err
+	}
+
+	dirfd, err := fs.openat(parentfd, name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer unix.Close(dirfd)
+
+	dirs, err := fs.readDir(dirfd, name, b)
+	if err != nil {
+		// Second call, to report ReadDir error.
+		err = walkDirFn(dirfd, name, relative, d, err)
+		if err != nil {
+			if err == SkipDir && d.IsDir() {
+				err = nil
+			}
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, d1 := range dirs {
+		if err := fs.walkDir(b, dirfd, d1.Name(), path.Join(relative, d1.Name()), d1, walkDirFn); err != nil {
+			if err == SkipDir {
+				break
+			}
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ReadDirMap .
+// TODO: document
+func ReadDirMap[T any](fs *UnixFS, path string, fn func(DirEntry) (T, error)) ([]T, error) {
+	dirfd, name, closeFd, err := fs.safePath(path)
+	defer closeFd()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	fd, err := fs.openat(dirfd, name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer unix.Close(fd)
+
+	entries, err := fs.readDir(fd, ".", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	out := make([]T, len(entries))
+	for i, e := range entries {
+		idx := i
+		e := e
+		v, err := fn(e)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		out[idx] = v
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// nameOffset is a compile time constant
+const nameOffset = int(unsafe.Offsetof(unix.Dirent{}.Name))
+
+func nameFromDirent(de *unix.Dirent) (name []byte) {
+	// Because this GOOS' syscall.Dirent does not provide a field that specifies
+	// the name length, this function must first calculate the max possible name
+	// length, and then search for the NULL byte.
+	ml := int(de.Reclen) - nameOffset
+
+	// Convert syscall.Dirent.Name, which is array of int8, to []byte, by
+	// overwriting Cap, Len, and Data slice header fields to the max possible
+	// name length computed above, and finding the terminating NULL byte.
+	//
+	// TODO: is there an alternative to the deprecated SliceHeader?
+	// SliceHeader was mainly deprecated due to it being misused for avoiding
+	// allocations when converting a byte slice to a string, ref;
+	// https://go.dev/issue/53003
+	sh := (*reflect.SliceHeader)(unsafe.Pointer(&name))
+	sh.Cap = ml
+	sh.Len = ml
+	sh.Data = uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&de.Name[0]))
+
+	if index := bytes.IndexByte(name, 0); index >= 0 {
+		// Found NULL byte; set slice's cap and len accordingly.
+		sh.Cap = index
+		sh.Len = index
+		return
+	}
+
+	// NOTE: This branch is not expected, but included for defensive
+	// programming, and provides a hard stop on the name based on the structure
+	// field array size.
+	sh.Cap = len(de.Name)
+	sh.Len = sh.Cap
+	return
+}
+
+// modeTypeFromDirent converts a syscall defined constant, which is in purview
+// of OS, to a constant defined by Go, assumed by this project to be stable.
+//
+// When the syscall constant is not recognized, this function falls back to a
+// Stat on the file system.
+func (fs *UnixFS) modeTypeFromDirent(fd int, de *unix.Dirent, osDirname, osBasename string) (FileMode, error) {
+	switch de.Type {
+	case unix.DT_REG:
+		return 0, nil
+	case unix.DT_DIR:
+		return ModeDir, nil
+	case unix.DT_LNK:
+		return ModeSymlink, nil
+	case unix.DT_CHR:
+		return ModeDevice | ModeCharDevice, nil
+	case unix.DT_BLK:
+		return ModeDevice, nil
+	case unix.DT_FIFO:
+		return ModeNamedPipe, nil
+	case unix.DT_SOCK:
+		return ModeSocket, nil
+	default:
+		// If syscall returned unknown type (e.g., DT_UNKNOWN, DT_WHT), then
+		// resolve actual mode by reading file information.
+		return fs.modeType(fd, filepath.Join(osDirname, osBasename))
+	}
+}
+
+// modeType returns the mode type of the file system entry identified by
+// osPathname by calling os.LStat function, to intentionally not follow symbolic
+// links.
+//
+// Even though os.LStat provides all file mode bits, we want to ensure same
+// values returned to caller regardless of whether we obtained file mode bits
+// from syscall or stat call. Therefore, mask out the additional file mode bits
+// that are provided by stat but not by the syscall, so users can rely on their
+// values.
+func (fs *UnixFS) modeType(dirfd int, name string) (os.FileMode, error) {
+	fi, err := fs.Lstatat(dirfd, name)
+	if err == nil {
+		return fi.Mode() & ModeType, nil
+	}
+	return 0, err
+}
+
+var minimumScratchBufferSize = os.Getpagesize()
+
+func newScratchBuffer() []byte {
+	return make([]byte, minimumScratchBufferSize)
+}
+
+func (fs *UnixFS) readDir(fd int, name string, b []byte) ([]DirEntry, error) {
+	scratchBuffer := b
+	if scratchBuffer == nil || len(scratchBuffer) < minimumScratchBufferSize {
+		scratchBuffer = newScratchBuffer()
+	}
+
+	var entries []DirEntry
+	var workBuffer []byte
+
+	var sde unix.Dirent
+	for {
+		if len(workBuffer) == 0 {
+			n, err := unix.Getdents(fd, scratchBuffer)
+			if err != nil {
+				if err == unix.EINTR {
+					continue
+				}
+				return nil, convertErrorType(err)
+			}
+			if n <= 0 {
+				// end of directory: normal exit
+				return entries, nil
+			}
+			workBuffer = scratchBuffer[:n] // trim work buffer to number of bytes read
+		}
+
+		// "Go is like C, except that you just put `unsafe` all over the place".
+		copy((*[unsafe.Sizeof(unix.Dirent{})]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&sde))[:], workBuffer)
+		workBuffer = workBuffer[sde.Reclen:] // advance buffer for next iteration through loop
+
+		if sde.Ino == 0 {
+			continue // inode set to 0 indicates an entry that was marked as deleted
+		}
+
+		nameSlice := nameFromDirent(&sde)
+		nameLength := len(nameSlice)
+
+		if nameLength == 0 || (nameSlice[0] == '.' && (nameLength == 1 || (nameLength == 2 && nameSlice[1] == '.'))) {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		childName := string(nameSlice)
+		mt, err := fs.modeTypeFromDirent(fd, &sde, name, childName)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, convertErrorType(err)
+		}
+		entries = append(entries, &dirent{name: childName, path: name, modeType: mt, dirfd: fd, fs: fs})
+	}
+}
+
+// dirent stores the name and file system mode type of discovered file system
+// entries.
+type dirent struct {
+	name     string
+	path     string
+	modeType FileMode
+
+	dirfd int
+	fs    *UnixFS
+}
+
+func (de dirent) Name() string {
+	return de.name
+}
+
+func (de dirent) IsDir() bool {
+	return de.modeType&ModeDir != 0
+}
+
+func (de dirent) Type() FileMode {
+	return de.modeType
+}
+
+func (de dirent) Info() (FileInfo, error) {
+	if de.fs == nil {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	return de.fs.Lstatat(de.dirfd, de.name)
+}
+
+func (de dirent) Open() (File, error) {
+	if de.fs == nil {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	return de.fs.OpenFileat(de.dirfd, de.name, O_RDONLY, 0)
+}
+
+// reset releases memory held by entry err and name, and resets mode type to 0.
+func (de *dirent) reset() {
+	de.name = ""
+	de.path = ""
+	de.modeType = 0
+}

loggers/cli/cli.go

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+package cli
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/apex/log/handlers/cli"
+	color2 "github.com/fatih/color"
+	"github.com/mattn/go-colorable"
+)
+
+var (
+	Default = New(os.Stderr, true)
+	bold    = color2.New(color2.Bold)
+	boldred = color2.New(color2.Bold, color2.FgRed)
+)
+
+var Strings = [...]string{
+	log.DebugLevel: "DEBUG",
+	log.InfoLevel:  " INFO",
+	log.WarnLevel:  " WARN",
+	log.ErrorLevel: "ERROR",
+	log.FatalLevel: "FATAL",
+}
+
+type Handler struct {
+	mu      sync.Mutex
+	Writer  io.Writer
+	Padding int
+}
+
+func New(w io.Writer, useColors bool) *Handler {
+	if f, ok := w.(*os.File); ok {
+		if useColors {
+			return &Handler{Writer: colorable.NewColorable(f), Padding: 2}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return &Handler{Writer: colorable.NewNonColorable(w), Padding: 2}
+}
+
+// HandleLog implements log.Handler.
+func (h *Handler) HandleLog(e *log.Entry) error {
+	color := cli.Colors[e.Level]
+	level := Strings[e.Level]
+	names := e.Fields.Names()
+
+	h.mu.Lock()
+	defer h.mu.Unlock()
+
+	color.Fprintf(h.Writer, "%s: [%s] %-25s", bold.Sprintf("%*s", h.Padding+1, level), time.Now().Format(time.StampMilli), e.Message)
+
+	for _, name := range names {
+		if name == "source" {
+			continue
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintf(h.Writer, " %s=%v", color.Sprint(name), e.Fields.Get(name))
+	}
+
+	fmt.Fprintln(h.Writer)
+
+	for _, name := range names {
+		if name != "error" {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if err, ok := e.Fields.Get("error").(error); ok {
+			// Attach the stacktrace if it is missing at this point, but don't point
+			// it specifically to this line since that is irrelevant.
+			err = errors.WithStackDepthIf(err, 4)
+			formatted := fmt.Sprintf("\n%s\n%+v\n\n", boldred.Sprintf("Stacktrace:"), err)
+
+			if !strings.Contains(formatted, "runtime.goexit") {
+				_, _ = fmt.Fprint(h.Writer, formatted)
+				break
+			}
+
+			// Inserts a new-line between sections of a stack.
+			// When wrapping errors, you get multiple separate stacks that start with their message,
+			// this allows us to separate them with a new-line and view them more easily.
+			//
+			// For example:
+			//
+			// Stacktrace:
+			// readlink test: no such file or directory
+			// failed to read symlink target for 'test'
+			// github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server/filesystem.(*Archive).addToArchive
+			//         github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server/filesystem/archive.go:166
+			// ... (Truncated the stack for easier reading)
+			// runtime.goexit
+			//         runtime/asm_amd64.s:1374
+			// **NEW LINE INSERTED HERE**
+			// backup: error while generating server backup
+			// github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server.(*Server).Backup
+			//         github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server/backup.go:84
+			// ... (Truncated the stack for easier reading)
+			// runtime.goexit
+			//         runtime/asm_amd64.s:1374
+			//
+			var b strings.Builder
+			var endOfStack bool
+			for _, s := range strings.Split(formatted, "\n") {
+				b.WriteString(s + "\n")
+
+				if s == "runtime.goexit" {
+					endOfStack = true
+					continue
+				}
+
+				if !endOfStack {
+					continue
+				}
+
+				b.WriteString("\n")
+				endOfStack = false
+			}
+
+			_, _ = fmt.Fprint(h.Writer, b.String())
+		}
+
+		// Only one key with the name "error" can be in the map.
+		break
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

parser/helpers.go

@@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
 package parser
 
 import (
-	"github.com/Jeffail/gabs/v2"
+	"bytes"
-	"github.com/buger/jsonparser"
-	"github.com/iancoleman/strcase"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"io/ioutil"
-	"os"
 	"regexp"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/Jeffail/gabs/v2"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/buger/jsonparser"
+	"github.com/iancoleman/strcase"
 )
 
 // Regex to match anything that has a value matching the format of {{ config.$1 }} which
@@ -26,50 +27,28 @@ var configMatchRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`{{\s?config\.([\w.-]+)\s?}}`)
 // matching:
 //
 // <Root>
-//   <Property value="testing"/>
+//
+//	<Property value="testing"/>
+//
 // </Root>
 //
 // noinspection RegExpRedundantEscape
 var xmlValueMatchRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^\[([\w]+)='(.*)'\]$`)
 
-// Gets the []byte representation of a configuration file to be passed through to other
-// handler functions. If the file does not currently exist, it will be created.
-func readFileBytes(path string) ([]byte, error) {
-	file, err := os.OpenFile(path, os.O_CREATE|os.O_RDWR, 0644)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	defer file.Close()
-
-	return ioutil.ReadAll(file)
-}
-
-// Helper function to set the value of the JSON key item based on the jsonparser value
-// type returned.
-func setPathway(c *gabs.Container, path string, value []byte, vt jsonparser.ValueType) error {
-	v := getKeyValue(value, vt)
-
-	_, err := c.SetP(v, path)
-
-	return err
-}
-
 // Gets the value of a key based on the value type defined.
-func getKeyValue(value []byte, vt jsonparser.ValueType) interface{} {
+func (cfr *ConfigurationFileReplacement) getKeyValue(value string) interface{} {
-	switch vt {
+	if cfr.ReplaceWith.Type() == jsonparser.Boolean {
-	case jsonparser.Number:
+		v, _ := strconv.ParseBool(value)
-		{
+		return v
-			v, _ := strconv.Atoi(string(value))
-			return v
-		}
-	case jsonparser.Boolean:
-		{
-			v, _ := strconv.ParseBool(string(value))
-			return v
-		}
-	default:
-		return string(value)
 	}
+
+	// Try to parse into an int, if this fails just ignore the error and continue
+	// through, returning the string.
+	if v, err := strconv.Atoi(value); err == nil {
+		return v
+	}
+
+	return value
 }
 
 // Iterate over an unstructured JSON/YAML/etc. interface and set all of the required
@@ -80,7 +59,9 @@ func getKeyValue(value []byte, vt jsonparser.ValueType) interface{} {
 // configurations per-world (such as Spigot and Bungeecord) where we'll need to make
 // adjustments to the bind address for the user.
 //
-// This does not currently support nested matches. container.*.foo.*.bar will not work.
+// This does not currently support nested wildcard matches. For example, foo.*.bar
+// will work, however foo.*.bar.*.baz will not, since we'll only be splitting at the
+// first wildcard, and not subsequent ones.
 func (f *ConfigurationFile) IterateOverJson(data []byte) (*gabs.Container, error) {
 	parsed, err := gabs.ParseJSON(data)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -88,7 +69,7 @@ func (f *ConfigurationFile) IterateOverJson(data []byte) (*gabs.Container, error
 	}
 
 	for _, v := range f.Replace {
-		value, dt, err := f.LookupConfigurationValue(v)
+		value, err := f.LookupConfigurationValue(v)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -104,55 +85,170 @@ func (f *ConfigurationFile) IterateOverJson(data []byte) (*gabs.Container, error
 			// If the child is a null value, nothing will happen. Seems reasonable as of the
 			// time this code is being written.
 			for _, child := range parsed.Path(strings.Trim(parts[0], ".")).Children() {
-				if err := setPathway(child, strings.Trim(parts[1], "."), value, dt); err != nil {
+				if err := v.SetAtPathway(child, strings.Trim(parts[1], "."), value); err != nil {
-					return nil, err
+					if errors.Is(err, gabs.ErrNotFound) {
+						continue
+					}
+					return nil, errors.WithMessage(err, "failed to set config value of array child")
 				}
 			}
-		} else {
+			continue
-			if err = setPathway(parsed, v.Match, value, dt); err != nil {
+		}
-				return nil, err
+
+		if err := v.SetAtPathway(parsed, v.Match, value); err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, gabs.ErrNotFound) {
+				continue
 			}
+			return nil, errors.WithMessage(err, "unable to set config value at pathway: "+v.Match)
 		}
 	}
 
 	return parsed, nil
 }
 
+// Regex used to check if there is an array element present in the given pathway by looking for something
+// along the lines of "something[1]" or "something[1].nestedvalue" as the path.
+var checkForArrayElement = regexp.MustCompile(`^([^\[\]]+)\[([\d]+)](\..+)?$`)
+
+// Attempt to set the value of the path depending on if it is an array or not. Gabs cannot handle array
+// values as "something[1]" but can parse them just fine. This is basically just overly complex code
+// to handle that edge case and ensure the value gets set correctly.
+//
+// Bless thee who has to touch these most unholy waters.
+func setValueAtPath(c *gabs.Container, path string, value interface{}) error {
+	var err error
+
+	matches := checkForArrayElement.FindStringSubmatch(path)
+
+	// Check if we are **NOT** updating an array element.
+	if len(matches) < 3 {
+		_, err = c.SetP(value, path)
+		return err
+	}
+
+	i, _ := strconv.Atoi(matches[2])
+	// Find the array element "i" or try to create it if "i" is equal to 0 and is not found
+	// at the given path.
+	ct, err := c.ArrayElementP(i, matches[1])
+	if err != nil {
+		if i != 0 || (!errors.Is(err, gabs.ErrNotArray) && !errors.Is(err, gabs.ErrNotFound)) {
+			return errors.WithMessage(err, "error while parsing array element at path")
+		}
+
+		t := make([]interface{}, 1)
+		// If the length of matches is 4 it means we're trying to access an object down in this array
+		// key, so make sure we generate the array as an array of objects, and not just a generic nil
+		// array.
+		if len(matches) == 4 {
+			t = []interface{}{map[string]interface{}{}}
+		}
+
+		// If the error is because this isn't an array or isn't found go ahead and create the array with
+		// an empty object if we have additional things to set on the array, or just an empty array type
+		// if there is not an object structure detected (no matches[3] available).
+		if _, err = c.SetP(t, matches[1]); err != nil {
+			return errors.WithMessage(err, "failed to create empty array for missing element")
+		}
+
+		// Set our cursor to be the array element we expect, which in this case is just the first element
+		// since we won't run this code unless the array element is 0. There is too much complexity in trying
+		// to match additional elements. In those cases the server will just have to be rebooted or something.
+		ct, err = c.ArrayElementP(0, matches[1])
+		if err != nil {
+			return errors.WithMessage(err, "failed to find array element at path")
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Try to set the value. If the path does not exist an error will be raised to the caller which will
+	// then check if the error is because the path is missing. In those cases we just ignore the error since
+	// we don't want to do anything specifically when that happens.
+	//
+	// If there are four matches in the regex it means that we managed to also match a trailing pathway
+	// for the key, which should be found in the given array key item and modified further.
+	if len(matches) == 4 {
+		_, err = ct.SetP(value, strings.TrimPrefix(matches[3], "."))
+	} else {
+		_, err = ct.Set(value)
+	}
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.WithMessage(err, "failed to set value at config path: "+path)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Sets the value at a specific pathway, but checks if we were looking for a specific
+// value or not before doing it.
+func (cfr *ConfigurationFileReplacement) SetAtPathway(c *gabs.Container, path string, value string) error {
+	if cfr.IfValue == "" {
+		return setValueAtPath(c, path, cfr.getKeyValue(value))
+	}
+
+	// Check if we are replacing instead of overwriting.
+	if strings.HasPrefix(cfr.IfValue, "regex:") {
+		// Doing a regex replacement requires an existing value.
+		// TODO: Do we try passing an empty string to the regex?
+		if c.ExistsP(path) {
+			return gabs.ErrNotFound
+		}
+
+		r, err := regexp.Compile(strings.TrimPrefix(cfr.IfValue, "regex:"))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.WithFields(log.Fields{"if_value": strings.TrimPrefix(cfr.IfValue, "regex:"), "error": err}).
+				Warn("configuration if_value using invalid regexp, cannot perform replacement")
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		v := strings.Trim(c.Path(path).String(), "\"")
+		if r.Match([]byte(v)) {
+			return setValueAtPath(c, path, r.ReplaceAllString(v, value))
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if c.ExistsP(path) && !bytes.Equal(c.Bytes(), []byte(cfr.IfValue)) {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return setValueAtPath(c, path, cfr.getKeyValue(value))
+}
+
 // Looks up a configuration value on the Daemon given a dot-notated syntax.
-func (f *ConfigurationFile) LookupConfigurationValue(cfr ConfigurationFileReplacement) ([]byte, jsonparser.ValueType, error) {
+func (f *ConfigurationFile) LookupConfigurationValue(cfr ConfigurationFileReplacement) (string, error) {
-	if !configMatchRegex.Match([]byte(cfr.Value)) {
+	// If this is not something that we can do a regex lookup on then just continue
-		return []byte(cfr.Value), cfr.ValueType, nil
+	// on our merry way. If the value isn't a string, we're not going to be doing anything
+	// with it anyways.
+	if cfr.ReplaceWith.Type() != jsonparser.String || !configMatchRegex.Match(cfr.ReplaceWith.Value()) {
+		return cfr.ReplaceWith.String(), nil
 	}
 
 	// If there is a match, lookup the value in the configuration for the Daemon. If no key
 	// is found, just return the string representation, otherwise use the value from the
 	// daemon configuration here.
 	huntPath := configMatchRegex.ReplaceAllString(
-		configMatchRegex.FindString(cfr.Value), "$1",
+		configMatchRegex.FindString(cfr.ReplaceWith.String()), "$1",
 	)
 
 	var path []string
-	// The camel casing is important here, the configuration for the Daemon does not use
-	// JSON, and as such all of the keys will be generated in CamelCase format, rather than
-	// the expected snake_case from the old Daemon.
 	for _, value := range strings.Split(huntPath, ".") {
-		path = append(path, strcase.ToCamel(value))
+		path = append(path, strcase.ToSnake(value))
 	}
 
 	// Look for the key in the configuration file, and if found return that value to the
 	// calling function.
-	match, dt, _, err := jsonparser.Get(f.configuration, path...)
+	match, _, _, err := jsonparser.Get(f.configuration, path...)
 	if err != nil {
 		if err != jsonparser.KeyPathNotFoundError {
-			return match, dt, errors.WithStack(err)
+			return string(match), err
 		}
 
+		log.WithFields(log.Fields{"path": path, "filename": f.FileName}).Debug("attempted to load a configuration value that does not exist")
+
 		// If there is no key, keep the original value intact, that way it is obvious there
 		// is a replace issue at play.
-		return []byte(cfr.Value), cfr.ValueType, nil
+		return string(match), nil
 	} else {
-		replaced := []byte(configMatchRegex.ReplaceAllString(cfr.Value, string(match)))
+		return configMatchRegex.ReplaceAllString(cfr.ReplaceWith.String(), string(match)), nil
-
-		return replaced, cfr.ValueType, nil
 	}
 }

parser/parser.go

@@ -2,19 +2,23 @@ package parser
 
 import (
 	"bufio"
-	"encoding/json"
+	"bytes"
-	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
 	"github.com/beevik/etree"
 	"github.com/buger/jsonparser"
-	"github.com/ghodss/yaml"
+	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
+	"github.com/icza/dyno"
 	"github.com/magiconair/properties"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
-	"go.uber.org/zap"
 	"gopkg.in/ini.v1"
-	"io/ioutil"
+	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
-	"os"
+
-	"strings"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/ufs"
 )
 
 // The file parsing options that are available for a server configuration file.
@@ -27,10 +31,78 @@ const (
 	Xml        = "xml"
 )
 
+type ReplaceValue struct {
+	value     []byte
+	valueType jsonparser.ValueType
+}
+
+// Value returns the underlying value of the replacement. Be aware that this
+// can include escaped UTF-8 sequences that will need to be handled by the caller
+// in order to avoid accidentally injecting invalid sequences into the running
+// process.
+//
+// For example the expected value may be "§Foo" but you'll be working directly
+// with "\u00a7FOo" for this value. This will cause user pain if not solved since
+// that is clearly not the value they were expecting to be using.
+func (cv *ReplaceValue) Value() []byte {
+	return cv.value
+}
+
+// Type returns the underlying data type for the Value field.
+func (cv *ReplaceValue) Type() jsonparser.ValueType {
+	return cv.valueType
+}
+
+// String returns the value as a string representation. This will automatically
+// handle casting the UTF-8 sequence into the expected value, switching something
+// like "\u00a7Foo" into "§Foo".
+func (cv *ReplaceValue) String() string {
+	switch cv.Type() {
+	case jsonparser.String:
+		str, err := jsonparser.ParseString(cv.value)
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(errors.Wrap(err, "parser: could not parse value"))
+		}
+		return str
+	case jsonparser.Null:
+		return "<nil>"
+	case jsonparser.Boolean:
+		return string(cv.value)
+	case jsonparser.Number:
+		return string(cv.value)
+	default:
+		return "<invalid>"
+	}
+}
+
+func (cv *ReplaceValue) Bytes() []byte {
+	switch cv.Type() {
+	case jsonparser.String:
+		var stackbuf [64]byte
+		bU, err := jsonparser.Unescape(cv.value, stackbuf[:])
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(errors.Wrap(err, "parser: could not parse value"))
+		}
+		return bU
+	case jsonparser.Null:
+		return []byte("<nil>")
+	case jsonparser.Boolean:
+		return cv.value
+	case jsonparser.Number:
+		return cv.value
+	default:
+		return []byte("<invalid>")
+	}
+}
+
 type ConfigurationParser string
 
-// Defines a configuration file for the server startup. These will be looped over
+func (cp ConfigurationParser) String() string {
-// and modified before the server finishes booting.
+	return string(cp)
+}
+
+// ConfigurationFile defines a configuration file for the server startup. These
+// will be looped over and modified before the server finishes booting.
 type ConfigurationFile struct {
 	FileName string                         `json:"file"`
 	Parser   ConfigurationParser            `json:"parser"`
@@ -41,93 +113,115 @@ type ConfigurationFile struct {
 	configuration []byte
 }
 
-// Defines a single find/replace instance for a given server configuration file.
+// UnmarshalJSON is a custom unmarshaler for configuration files. If there is an
-type ConfigurationFileReplacement struct {
+// error while parsing out the replacements, don't fail the entire operation,
-	Match     string               `json:"match"`
+// just log a global warning so someone can find the issue, and return an empty
-	Value     string               `json:"value"`
+// array of replacements.
-	ValueType jsonparser.ValueType `json:"-"`
+func (f *ConfigurationFile) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
-}
+	var m map[string]*json.RawMessage
-
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &m); err != nil {
-func (cfr *ConfigurationFileReplacement) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
-	if m, err := jsonparser.GetString(data, "match"); err != nil {
 		return err
-	} else {
-		cfr.Match = m
 	}
 
-	if v, dt, _, err := jsonparser.Get(data, "value"); err != nil {
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(*m["file"], &f.FileName); err != nil {
 		return err
-	} else {
+	}
-		if dt != jsonparser.String && dt != jsonparser.Number && dt != jsonparser.Boolean {
-			return errors.New(
-				fmt.Sprintf("cannot parse JSON: received unexpected replacement value type: %d", dt),
-			)
-		}
 
-		cfr.Value = string(v)
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(*m["parser"], &f.Parser); err != nil {
-		cfr.ValueType = dt
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(*m["replace"], &f.Replace); err != nil {
+		log.WithField("file", f.FileName).WithField("error", err).Warn("failed to unmarshal configuration file replacement")
+
+		f.Replace = []ConfigurationFileReplacement{}
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-// Parses a given configuration file and updates all of the values within as defined
+// ConfigurationFileReplacement defines a single find/replace instance for a
-// in the API response from the Panel.
+// given server configuration file.
-func (f *ConfigurationFile) Parse(path string, internal bool) error {
+type ConfigurationFileReplacement struct {
-	zap.S().Debugw("parsing configuration file", zap.String("path", path), zap.String("parser", string(f.Parser)))
+	Match       string       `json:"match"`
+	IfValue     string       `json:"if_value"`
+	ReplaceWith ReplaceValue `json:"replace_with"`
+}
 
-	mb, _ := json.Marshal(config.Get())
+// UnmarshalJSON handles unmarshaling the JSON representation into a struct that
-	f.configuration = mb
+// provides more useful data to this functionality.
+func (cfr *ConfigurationFileReplacement) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
+	m, err := jsonparser.GetString(data, "match")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	cfr.Match = m
+
+	iv, err := jsonparser.GetString(data, "if_value")
+	// We only check keypath here since match & replace_with should be present on all of
+	// them, however if_value is optional.
+	if err != nil && err != jsonparser.KeyPathNotFoundError {
+		return err
+	}
+	cfr.IfValue = iv
+
+	rw, dt, _, err := jsonparser.Get(data, "replace_with")
+	if err != nil {
+		if err != jsonparser.KeyPathNotFoundError {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		// Okay, likely dealing with someone who forgot to upgrade their eggs, so in
+		// that case, fallback to using the old key which was "value".
+		rw, dt, _, err = jsonparser.Get(data, "value")
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	cfr.ReplaceWith = ReplaceValue{
+		value:     rw,
+		valueType: dt,
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Parse parses a given configuration file and updates all the values within
+// as defined in the API response from the Panel.
+func (f *ConfigurationFile) Parse(file ufs.File) error {
+	//log.WithField("path", path).WithField("parser", f.Parser.String()).Debug("parsing server configuration file")
+
+	// What the fuck is going on here?
+	if mb, err := json.Marshal(config.Get()); err != nil {
+		return err
+	} else {
+		f.configuration = mb
+	}
 
 	var err error
 
 	switch f.Parser {
 	case Properties:
-		err = f.parsePropertiesFile(path)
+		err = f.parsePropertiesFile(file)
-		break
 	case File:
-		err = f.parseTextFile(path)
+		err = f.parseTextFile(file)
-		break
 	case Yaml, "yml":
-		err = f.parseYamlFile(path)
+		err = f.parseYamlFile(file)
-		break
 	case Json:
-		err = f.parseJsonFile(path)
+		err = f.parseJsonFile(file)
-		break
 	case Ini:
-		err = f.parseIniFile(path)
+		err = f.parseIniFile(file)
-		break
 	case Xml:
-		err = f.parseXmlFile(path)
+		err = f.parseXmlFile(file)
-		break
 	}
-
+	return err
-	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		// File doesn't exist, we tried creating it, and same error is returned? Pretty
-		// sure this pathway is impossible, but if not, abort here.
-		if internal {
-			return nil
-		}
-
-		if _, err := os.Create(path); err != nil {
-			return errors.WithStack(err)
-		}
-
-		return f.Parse(path, true)
-	}
-
-	return errors.WithStack(err)
 }
 
 // Parses an xml file.
-func (f *ConfigurationFile) parseXmlFile(path string) error {
+func (f *ConfigurationFile) parseXmlFile(file ufs.File) error {
 	doc := etree.NewDocument()
-	file, err := os.OpenFile(path, os.O_CREATE|os.O_RDWR, 0644)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	defer file.Close()
-
 	if _, err := doc.ReadFrom(file); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -139,7 +233,7 @@ func (f *ConfigurationFile) parseXmlFile(path string) error {
 	}
 
 	for i, replacement := range f.Replace {
-		value, _, err := f.LookupConfigurationValue(replacement)
+		value, err := f.LookupConfigurationValue(replacement)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -159,7 +253,7 @@ func (f *ConfigurationFile) parseXmlFile(path string) error {
 			parts := strings.Split(replacement.Match, ".")
 
 			// Set the initial element to be the root element, and then work from there.
-			var element = doc.Root()
+			element := doc.Root()
 
 			// Iterate over the path to create the required structure for the given element's path.
 			// This does not set a value, only ensures that the base structure exists. We start at index
@@ -176,54 +270,68 @@ func (f *ConfigurationFile) parseXmlFile(path string) error {
 
 		// Iterate over the elements we found and update their values.
 		for _, element := range doc.FindElements(path) {
-			if xmlValueMatchRegex.Match(value) {
+			if xmlValueMatchRegex.MatchString(value) {
-				k := xmlValueMatchRegex.ReplaceAllString(string(value), "$1")
+				k := xmlValueMatchRegex.ReplaceAllString(value, "$1")
-				v := xmlValueMatchRegex.ReplaceAllString(string(value), "$2")
+				v := xmlValueMatchRegex.ReplaceAllString(value, "$2")
 
 				element.CreateAttr(k, v)
 			} else {
-				element.SetText(string(value))
+				element.SetText(value)
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	// If you don't truncate the file you'll end up duplicating the data in there (or just appending
+	if _, err := file.Seek(0, io.SeekStart); err != nil {
-	// to the end of the file. We don't want to do that.
+		return err
+	}
 	if err := file.Truncate(0); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	// Move the cursor to the start of the file to avoid weird spacing issues.
-	file.Seek(0, 0)
-
 	// Ensure the XML is indented properly.
 	doc.Indent(2)
 
 	// Write the XML to the file.
-	_, err = doc.WriteTo(file)
+	if _, err := doc.WriteTo(file); err != nil {
-
+		return err
-	return err
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 // Parses an ini file.
-func (f *ConfigurationFile) parseIniFile(path string) error {
+func (f *ConfigurationFile) parseIniFile(file ufs.File) error {
-	// Ini package can't handle a non-existent file, so handle that automatically here
+	// Wrap the file in a NopCloser so the ini package doesn't close the file.
-	// by creating it if not exists.
+	cfg, err := ini.Load(io.NopCloser(file))
-	file, err := os.OpenFile(path, os.O_CREATE|os.O_RDWR, 0644);
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	defer file.Close()
-
-	cfg, err := ini.Load(path)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
 	for _, replacement := range f.Replace {
-		path := strings.SplitN(replacement.Match, ".", 2)
+		var (
+			path         []string
+			bracketDepth int
+			v            []int32
+		)
+		for _, c := range replacement.Match {
+			switch c {
+			case '[':
+				bracketDepth++
+			case ']':
+				bracketDepth--
+			case '.':
+				if bracketDepth > 0 || len(path) == 1 {
+					v = append(v, c)
+					continue
+				}
+				path = append(path, string(v))
+				v = v[:0]
+			default:
+				v = append(v, c)
+			}
+		}
+		path = append(path, string(v))
 
-		value, _, err := f.LookupConfigurationValue(replacement)
+		value, err := f.LookupConfigurationValue(replacement)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -248,26 +356,32 @@ func (f *ConfigurationFile) parseIniFile(path string) error {
 		// If the key exists in the file go ahead and set the value, otherwise try to
 		// create it in the section.
 		if s.HasKey(k) {
-			s.Key(k).SetValue(string(value))
+			s.Key(k).SetValue(value)
 		} else {
-			if _, err := s.NewKey(k, string(value)); err != nil {
+			if _, err := s.NewKey(k, value); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	if _, err := cfg.WriteTo(file); err != nil {
+	if _, err := file.Seek(0, io.SeekStart); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := file.Truncate(0); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
+	if _, err := cfg.WriteTo(file); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
 // Parses a json file updating any matching key/value pairs. If a match is not found, the
 // value is set regardless in the file. See the commentary in parseYamlFile for more details
 // about what is happening during this process.
-func (f *ConfigurationFile) parseJsonFile(path string) error {
+func (f *ConfigurationFile) parseJsonFile(file ufs.File) error {
-	b, err := readFileBytes(path)
+	b, err := io.ReadAll(file)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -277,22 +391,37 @@ func (f *ConfigurationFile) parseJsonFile(path string) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	output := []byte(data.StringIndent("", "    "))
+	if _, err := file.Seek(0, io.SeekStart); err != nil {
-	return ioutil.WriteFile(path, output, 0644)
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := file.Truncate(0); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Write the data to the file.
+	if _, err := io.Copy(file, bytes.NewReader(data.BytesIndent("", "    "))); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "parser: failed to write properties file to disk")
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 // Parses a yaml file and updates any matching key/value pairs before persisting
 // it back to the disk.
-func (f *ConfigurationFile) parseYamlFile(path string) error {
+func (f *ConfigurationFile) parseYamlFile(file ufs.File) error {
-	b, err := readFileBytes(path)
+	b, err := io.ReadAll(file)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
+	i := make(map[string]interface{})
+	if err := yaml.Unmarshal(b, &i); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	// Unmarshal the yaml data into a JSON interface such that we can work with
 	// any arbitrary data structure. If we don't do this, I can't use gabs which
-	// makes working with unknown JSON signficiantly easier.
+	// makes working with unknown JSON significantly easier.
-	jsonBytes, err := yaml.YAMLToJSON(b)
+	jsonBytes, err := json.Marshal(dyno.ConvertMapI2MapS(i))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -305,81 +434,160 @@ func (f *ConfigurationFile) parseYamlFile(path string) error {
 	}
 
 	// Remarshal the JSON into YAML format before saving it back to the disk.
-	marshaled, err := yaml.JSONToYAML(data.Bytes())
+	marshaled, err := yaml.Marshal(data.Data())
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	return ioutil.WriteFile(path, marshaled, 0644)
+	if _, err := file.Seek(0, io.SeekStart); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := file.Truncate(0); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Write the data to the file.
+	if _, err := io.Copy(file, bytes.NewReader(marshaled)); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "parser: failed to write properties file to disk")
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 // Parses a text file using basic find and replace. This is a highly inefficient method of
 // scanning a file and performing a replacement. You should attempt to use anything other
 // than this function where possible.
-func (f *ConfigurationFile) parseTextFile(path string) error {
+func (f *ConfigurationFile) parseTextFile(file ufs.File) error {
-	file, err := os.OpenFile(path, os.O_CREATE|os.O_RDWR, 0644)
+	b := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
-	if err != nil {
+	s := bufio.NewScanner(file)
-		return err
+	var replaced bool
-	}
+	for s.Scan() {
-	defer file.Close()
+		line := s.Bytes()
-
+		replaced = false
-	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(file)
-	for scanner.Scan() {
-		hasReplaced := false
-		t := scanner.Text()
-
-		// Iterate over the potential replacements for the line and check if there are
-		// any matches.
 		for _, replace := range f.Replace {
-			if !strings.HasPrefix(t, replace.Match) {
+			// If this line doesn't match what we expect for the replacement, move on to the next
+			// line. Otherwise, update the line to have the replacement value.
+			if !bytes.HasPrefix(line, []byte(replace.Match)) {
 				continue
 			}
-
+			b.Write(replace.ReplaceWith.Bytes())
-			hasReplaced = true
+			replaced = true
-			t = strings.Replace(t, replace.Match, replace.Value, 1)
 		}
-
+		if !replaced {
-		// If there was a replacement that occurred on this specific line, do a write to the file
+			b.Write(line)
-		// immediately to write that modified content to the disk.
-		if hasReplaced {
-			if _, err := file.WriteAt([]byte(t), int64(len(scanner.Bytes()))); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
 		}
+		b.WriteByte('\n')
 	}
 
-	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
+	if _, err := file.Seek(0, io.SeekStart); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := file.Truncate(0); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
+	// Write the data to the file.
+	if _, err := io.Copy(file, b); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "parser: failed to write properties file to disk")
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
-// Parses a properties file and updates the values within it to match those that
+// parsePropertiesFile parses a properties file and updates the values within it
-// are passed. Writes the file once completed.
+// to match those that are passed. Once completed the new file is written to the
-func (f *ConfigurationFile) parsePropertiesFile(path string) error {
+// disk. This will cause comments not present at the head of the file to be
-	p, err := properties.LoadFile(path, properties.UTF8)
+// removed unfortunately.
+//
+// Any UTF-8 value will be written back to the disk as their escaped value rather
+// than the raw value There is no winning with this logic. This fixes a bug where
+// users with hand rolled UTF-8 escape sequences would have all sorts of pain in
+// their configurations because we were writing the UTF-8 literal characters which
+// their games could not actually handle.
+//
+// However, by adding this fix to only store the escaped UTF-8 sequence we
+// unwittingly introduced a "regression" that causes _other_ games to have issues
+// because they can only handle the unescaped representations. I cannot think of
+// a simple approach to this problem that doesn't just lead to more complicated
+// cases and problems.
+//
+// So, if your game cannot handle parsing UTF-8 sequences that are escaped into
+// the string, well, sucks. There are fewer of those games than there are games
+// that have issues parsing the raw UTF-8 sequence into a string? Also how does
+// one really know what the user intended at this point? We'd need to know if
+// the value was escaped or not to begin with before setting it, which I suppose
+// can work but jesus that is going to be some annoyingly complicated logic?
+//
+// @see https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/issues/2308 (original)
+// @see https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/issues/3009 ("bug" introduced as result)
+func (f *ConfigurationFile) parsePropertiesFile(file ufs.File) error {
+	b, err := io.ReadAll(file)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
+	s := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(bytes.NewReader(b))
+	// Scan until we hit a line that is not a comment that actually has content
+	// on it. Keep appending the comments until that time.
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		text := scanner.Bytes()
+		if len(text) > 0 && text[0] != '#' {
+			break
+		}
+		s.Write(text)
+		s.WriteByte('\n')
+	}
+	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
+		return errors.WithStackIf(err)
+	}
+
+	p, err := properties.Load(b, properties.UTF8)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "parser: could not load properties file for configuration update")
+	}
+
+	// Replace any values that need to be replaced.
 	for _, replace := range f.Replace {
-		data, _, err := f.LookupConfigurationValue(replace)
+		data, err := f.LookupConfigurationValue(replace)
 		if err != nil {
-			return err
+			return errors.Wrap(err, "parser: failed to lookup configuration value")
 		}
 
-		if _, _, err := p.Set(replace.Match, string(data)); err != nil {
+		v, ok := p.Get(replace.Match)
-			return err
+		// Don't attempt to replace the value if we're looking for a specific value and
+		// it does not match. If there was no match at all in the file for this key but
+		// we're doing an IfValue match, do nothing.
+		if replace.IfValue != "" && (!ok || (ok && v != replace.IfValue)) {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if _, _, err := p.Set(replace.Match, data); err != nil {
+			return errors.Wrap(err, "parser: failed to set replacement value")
 		}
 	}
 
-	w, err := os.OpenFile(path, os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY, 0644)
+	// Add the new file content to the string builder.
-	if err != nil {
+	for _, key := range p.Keys() {
+		value, ok := p.Get(key)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		// This escape is intentional!
+		//
+		// See the docblock for this function for more details, do not change this
+		// or you'll cause a flood of new issue reports no one wants to deal with.
+		s.WriteString(key + "=" + strings.Trim(strconv.QuoteToASCII(value), "\"") + "\n")
+	}
+
+	if _, err := file.Seek(0, io.SeekStart); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := file.Truncate(0); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	_, err = p.Write(w, properties.UTF8)
+	// Write the data to the file.
-
+	if _, err := io.Copy(file, s); err != nil {
-	return err
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "parser: failed to write properties file to disk")
+	}
+	return nil
 }

remote/errors.go

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+package remote
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+)
+
+type RequestErrors struct {
+	Errors []RequestError `json:"errors"`
+}
+
+type RequestError struct {
+	response *http.Response
+	Code     string `json:"code"`
+	Status   string `json:"status"`
+	Detail   string `json:"detail"`
+}
+
+// IsRequestError checks if the given error is of the RequestError type.
+func IsRequestError(err error) bool {
+	var rerr *RequestError
+	if err == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return errors.As(err, &rerr)
+}
+
+// AsRequestError transforms the error into a RequestError if it is currently
+// one, checking the wrap status from the other error handlers. If the error
+// is not a RequestError nil is returned.
+func AsRequestError(err error) *RequestError {
+	if err == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	var rerr *RequestError
+	if errors.As(err, &rerr) {
+		return rerr
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Error returns the error response in a string form that can be more easily
+// consumed.
+func (re *RequestError) Error() string {
+	c := 0
+	if re.response != nil {
+		c = re.response.StatusCode
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Sprintf("Error response from Panel: %s: %s (HTTP/%d)", re.Code, re.Detail, c)
+}
+
+// StatusCode returns the status code of the response.
+func (re *RequestError) StatusCode() int {
+	return re.response.StatusCode
+}
+
+type SftpInvalidCredentialsError struct{}
+
+func (ice SftpInvalidCredentialsError) Error() string {
+	return "the credentials provided were invalid"
+}

remote/http.go

@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+package remote
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/models"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4"
+	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
+)
+
+type Client interface {
+	GetBackupRemoteUploadURLs(ctx context.Context, backup string, size int64) (BackupRemoteUploadResponse, error)
+	GetInstallationScript(ctx context.Context, uuid string) (InstallationScript, error)
+	GetServerConfiguration(ctx context.Context, uuid string) (ServerConfigurationResponse, error)
+	GetServers(context context.Context, perPage int) ([]RawServerData, error)
+	ResetServersState(ctx context.Context) error
+	SetArchiveStatus(ctx context.Context, uuid string, successful bool) error
+	SetBackupStatus(ctx context.Context, backup string, data BackupRequest) error
+	SendRestorationStatus(ctx context.Context, backup string, successful bool) error
+	SetInstallationStatus(ctx context.Context, uuid string, data InstallStatusRequest) error
+	SetTransferStatus(ctx context.Context, uuid string, successful bool) error
+	ValidateSftpCredentials(ctx context.Context, request SftpAuthRequest) (SftpAuthResponse, error)
+	SendActivityLogs(ctx context.Context, activity []models.Activity) error
+}
+
+type client struct {
+	httpClient  *http.Client
+	baseUrl     string
+	tokenId     string
+	token       string
+	maxAttempts int
+}
+
+// New returns a new HTTP request client that is used for making authenticated
+// requests to the Panel that this instance is running under.
+func New(base string, opts ...ClientOption) Client {
+	c := client{
+		baseUrl: strings.TrimSuffix(base, "/") + "/api/remote",
+		httpClient: &http.Client{
+			Timeout: time.Second * 15,
+		},
+		maxAttempts: 0,
+	}
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		opt(&c)
+	}
+	return &c
+}
+
+// WithCredentials sets the credentials to use when making request to the remote
+// API endpoint.
+func WithCredentials(id, token string) ClientOption {
+	return func(c *client) {
+		c.tokenId = id
+		c.token = token
+	}
+}
+
+// WithHttpClient sets the underlying HTTP client instance to use when making
+// requests to the Panel API.
+func WithHttpClient(httpClient *http.Client) ClientOption {
+	return func(c *client) {
+		c.httpClient = httpClient
+	}
+}
+
+// Get executes a HTTP GET request.
+func (c *client) Get(ctx context.Context, path string, query q) (*Response, error) {
+	return c.request(ctx, http.MethodGet, path, nil, func(r *http.Request) {
+		q := r.URL.Query()
+		for k, v := range query {
+			q.Set(k, v)
+		}
+		r.URL.RawQuery = q.Encode()
+	})
+}
+
+// Post executes a HTTP POST request.
+func (c *client) Post(ctx context.Context, path string, data interface{}) (*Response, error) {
+	b, err := json.Marshal(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return c.request(ctx, http.MethodPost, path, bytes.NewBuffer(b))
+}
+
+// requestOnce creates a http request and executes it once. Prefer request()
+// over this method when possible. It appends the path to the endpoint of the
+// client and adds the authentication token to the request.
+func (c *client) requestOnce(ctx context.Context, method, path string, body io.Reader, opts ...func(r *http.Request)) (*Response, error) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, method, c.baseUrl+path, body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	req.Header.Set("User-Agent", fmt.Sprintf("Pterodactyl Wings/v%s (id:%s)", system.Version, c.tokenId))
+	req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/vnd.pterodactyl.v1+json")
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	req.Header.Set("Authorization", fmt.Sprintf("Bearer %s.%s", c.tokenId, c.token))
+
+	// Call all opts functions to allow modifying the request
+	for _, o := range opts {
+		o(req)
+	}
+
+	debugLogRequest(req)
+
+	res, err := c.httpClient.Do(req)
+	return &Response{res}, err
+}
+
+// request executes an HTTP request against the Panel API. If there is an error
+// encountered with the request it will be retried using an exponential backoff.
+// If the error returned from the Panel is due to API throttling or because there
+// are invalid authentication credentials provided the request will _not_ be
+// retried by the backoff.
+//
+// This function automatically appends the path to the current client endpoint
+// and adds the required authentication headers to the request that is being
+// created. Errors returned will be of the RequestError type if there was some
+// type of response from the API that can be parsed.
+func (c *client) request(ctx context.Context, method, path string, body *bytes.Buffer, opts ...func(r *http.Request)) (*Response, error) {
+	var res *Response
+	err := backoff.Retry(func() error {
+		var b bytes.Buffer
+		if body != nil {
+			// We have to create a copy of the body, otherwise attempting this request again will
+			// send no data if there was initially a body since the "requestOnce" method will read
+			// the whole buffer, thus leaving it empty at the end.
+			if _, err := b.Write(body.Bytes()); err != nil {
+				return backoff.Permanent(errors.Wrap(err, "http: failed to copy body buffer"))
+			}
+		}
+		r, err := c.requestOnce(ctx, method, path, &b, opts...)
+		if err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) || errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+				return backoff.Permanent(err)
+			}
+			return errors.WrapIf(err, "http: request creation failed")
+		}
+		res = r
+		if r.HasError() {
+			// Close the request body after returning the error to free up resources.
+			defer r.Body.Close()
+			// Don't keep attempting to access this endpoint if the response is a 4XX
+			// level error which indicates a client mistake. Only retry when the error
+			// is due to a server issue (5XX error).
+			if r.StatusCode >= 400 && r.StatusCode < 500 {
+				return backoff.Permanent(r.Error())
+			}
+			return r.Error()
+		}
+		return nil
+	}, c.backoff(ctx))
+	if err != nil {
+		if v, ok := err.(*backoff.PermanentError); ok {
+			return nil, v.Unwrap()
+		}
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return res, nil
+}
+
+// backoff returns an exponential backoff function for use with remote API
+// requests. This will allow an API call to be executed approximately 10 times
+// before it is finally reported back as an error.
+//
+// This allows for issues with DNS resolution, or rare race conditions due to
+// slower SQL queries on the Panel to potentially self-resolve without just
+// immediately failing the first request. The example below shows the amount of
+// time that has elapsed between each call to the handler when an error is
+// returned. You can tweak these values as needed to get the effect you desire.
+//
+// If maxAttempts is a value greater than 0 the backoff will be capped at a total
+// number of executions, or the MaxElapsedTime, whichever comes first.
+//
+// call(): 0s
+// call(): 552.330144ms
+// call(): 1.63271196s
+// call(): 2.94284202s
+// call(): 4.525234711s
+// call(): 6.865723375s
+// call(): 11.37194223s
+// call(): 14.593421816s
+// call(): 20.202045293s
+// call(): 27.36567952s <-- Stops here as MaxElapsedTime is 30 seconds
+func (c *client) backoff(ctx context.Context) backoff.BackOffContext {
+	b := backoff.NewExponentialBackOff()
+	b.MaxInterval = time.Second * 12
+	b.MaxElapsedTime = time.Second * 30
+	if c.maxAttempts > 0 {
+		return backoff.WithContext(backoff.WithMaxRetries(b, uint64(c.maxAttempts)), ctx)
+	}
+	return backoff.WithContext(b, ctx)
+}
+
+// Response is a custom response type that allows for commonly used error
+// handling and response parsing from the Panel API. This just embeds the normal
+// HTTP response from Go and we attach a few helper functions to it.
+type Response struct {
+	*http.Response
+}
+
+// HasError determines if the API call encountered an error. If no request has
+// been made the response will be false. This function will evaluate to true if
+// the response code is anything 300 or higher.
+func (r *Response) HasError() bool {
+	if r.Response == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	return r.StatusCode >= 300 || r.StatusCode < 200
+}
+
+// Reads the body from the response and returns it, then replaces it on the response
+// so that it can be read again later. This does not close the response body, so any
+// functions calling this should be sure to manually defer a Body.Close() call.
+func (r *Response) Read() ([]byte, error) {
+	var b []byte
+	if r.Response == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("remote: attempting to read missing response")
+	}
+	if r.Response.Body != nil {
+		b, _ = io.ReadAll(r.Response.Body)
+	}
+	r.Response.Body = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewBuffer(b))
+	return b, nil
+}
+
+// BindJSON binds a given interface with the data returned in the response. This
+// is a shortcut for calling Read and then manually calling json.Unmarshal on
+// the raw bytes.
+func (r *Response) BindJSON(v interface{}) error {
+	b, err := r.Read()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(b, &v); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "remote: could not unmarshal response")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Returns the first error message from the API call as a string. The error
+// message will be formatted similar to the below example. If there is no error
+// that can be parsed out of the API you'll still get a RequestError returned
+// but the RequestError.Code will be "_MissingResponseCode".
+//
+// HttpNotFoundException: The requested resource does not exist. (HTTP/404)
+func (r *Response) Error() error {
+	if !r.HasError() {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var errs RequestErrors
+	_ = r.BindJSON(&errs)
+
+	e := &RequestError{
+		Code:   "_MissingResponseCode",
+		Status: strconv.Itoa(r.StatusCode),
+		Detail: "No error response returned from API endpoint.",
+	}
+	if len(errs.Errors) > 0 {
+		e = &errs.Errors[0]
+	}
+
+	e.response = r.Response
+
+	return errors.WithStackDepth(e, 1)
+}
+
+// Logs the request into the debug log with all of the important request bits.
+// The authorization key will be cleaned up before being output.
+func debugLogRequest(req *http.Request) {
+	if l, ok := log.Log.(*log.Logger); ok && l.Level != log.DebugLevel {
+		return
+	}
+	headers := make(map[string][]string)
+	for k, v := range req.Header {
+		if k != "Authorization" || len(v) == 0 || len(v[0]) == 0 {
+			headers[k] = v
+			continue
+		}
+
+		headers[k] = []string{"(redacted)"}
+	}
+
+	log.WithFields(log.Fields{
+		"method":   req.Method,
+		"endpoint": req.URL.String(),
+		"headers":  headers,
+	}).Debug("making request to external HTTP endpoint")
+}

remote/http_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+package remote
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func createTestClient(h http.HandlerFunc) (*client, *httptest.Server) {
+	s := httptest.NewServer(h)
+	c := &client{
+		httpClient:  s.Client(),
+		baseUrl:     s.URL,
+		maxAttempts: 1,
+		tokenId:     "testid",
+		token:       "testtoken",
+	}
+	return c, s
+}
+
+func TestRequest(t *testing.T) {
+	c, _ := createTestClient(func(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		assert.Equal(t, "application/vnd.pterodactyl.v1+json", r.Header.Get("Accept"))
+		assert.Equal(t, "application/json", r.Header.Get("Content-Type"))
+		assert.Equal(t, "Bearer testid.testtoken", r.Header.Get("Authorization"))
+		assert.Equal(t, "/test", r.URL.Path)
+
+		rw.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	})
+	r, err := c.requestOnce(context.Background(), "", "/test", nil)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotNil(t, r)
+}
+
+func TestRequestRetry(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test if the client attempts failed requests
+	i := 0
+	c, _ := createTestClient(func(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if i < 1 {
+			rw.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		} else {
+			rw.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		}
+		i++
+	})
+	c.maxAttempts = 2
+	r, err := c.request(context.Background(), "", "", nil)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotNil(t, r)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, r.StatusCode)
+	assert.Equal(t, 2, i)
+
+	// Test whether the client returns the last request after retry limit is reached
+	i = 0
+	c, _ = createTestClient(func(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		rw.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		i++
+	})
+	c.maxAttempts = 2
+	r, err = c.request(context.Background(), "get", "", nil)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, r)
+
+	v := AsRequestError(err)
+	assert.NotNil(t, v)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusInternalServerError, v.StatusCode())
+	assert.Equal(t, 3, i)
+}
+
+func TestGet(t *testing.T) {
+	c, _ := createTestClient(func(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		assert.Equal(t, http.MethodGet, r.Method)
+		assert.Len(t, r.URL.Query(), 1)
+		assert.Equal(t, "world", r.URL.Query().Get("hello"))
+	})
+	r, err := c.Get(context.Background(), "/test", q{"hello": "world"})
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotNil(t, r)
+}
+
+func TestPost(t *testing.T) {
+	test := map[string]string{
+		"hello": "world",
+	}
+	c, _ := createTestClient(func(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		assert.Equal(t, http.MethodPost, r.Method)
+	})
+	r, err := c.Post(context.Background(), "/test", test)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotNil(t, r)
+}

remote/servers.go

@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+package remote
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/models"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
+)
+
+const (
+	ProcessStopCommand    = "command"
+	ProcessStopSignal     = "signal"
+	ProcessStopNativeStop = "stop"
+)
+
+// GetServers returns all the servers that are present on the Panel making
+// parallel API calls to the endpoint if more than one page of servers is
+// returned.
+func (c *client) GetServers(ctx context.Context, limit int) ([]RawServerData, error) {
+	servers, meta, err := c.getServersPaged(ctx, 0, limit)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var mu sync.Mutex
+	if meta.LastPage > 1 {
+		g, ctx := errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
+		for page := meta.CurrentPage + 1; page <= meta.LastPage; page++ {
+			page := page
+			g.Go(func() error {
+				ps, _, err := c.getServersPaged(ctx, int(page), limit)
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				mu.Lock()
+				servers = append(servers, ps...)
+				mu.Unlock()
+				return nil
+			})
+		}
+		if err := g.Wait(); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return servers, nil
+}
+
+// ResetServersState updates the state of all servers on the node that are
+// currently marked as "installing" or "restoring from backup" to be marked as
+// a normal successful install state.
+//
+// This handles Wings exiting during either of these processes which will leave
+// things in a bad state within the Panel. This API call is executed once Wings
+// has fully booted all the servers.
+func (c *client) ResetServersState(ctx context.Context) error {
+	res, err := c.Post(ctx, "/servers/reset", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.WrapIf(err, "remote: failed to reset server state on Panel")
+	}
+	_ = res.Body.Close()
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *client) GetServerConfiguration(ctx context.Context, uuid string) (ServerConfigurationResponse, error) {
+	var config ServerConfigurationResponse
+	res, err := c.Get(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("/servers/%s", uuid), nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return config, err
+	}
+	defer res.Body.Close()
+
+	err = res.BindJSON(&config)
+	return config, err
+}
+
+func (c *client) GetInstallationScript(ctx context.Context, uuid string) (InstallationScript, error) {
+	res, err := c.Get(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("/servers/%s/install", uuid), nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return InstallationScript{}, err
+	}
+	defer res.Body.Close()
+
+	var config InstallationScript
+	err = res.BindJSON(&config)
+	return config, err
+}
+
+func (c *client) SetInstallationStatus(ctx context.Context, uuid string, data InstallStatusRequest) error {
+	resp, err := c.Post(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("/servers/%s/install", uuid), data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	_ = resp.Body.Close()
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *client) SetArchiveStatus(ctx context.Context, uuid string, successful bool) error {
+	resp, err := c.Post(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("/servers/%s/archive", uuid), d{"successful": successful})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	_ = resp.Body.Close()
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *client) SetTransferStatus(ctx context.Context, uuid string, successful bool) error {
+	state := "failure"
+	if successful {
+		state = "success"
+	}
+	resp, err := c.Post(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("/servers/%s/transfer/%s", uuid, state), nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	_ = resp.Body.Close()
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ValidateSftpCredentials makes a request to determine if the username and
+// password combination provided is associated with a valid server on the instance
+// using the Panel's authentication control mechanisms. This will get itself
+// throttled if too many requests are made, allowing us to completely offload
+// all the authorization security logic to the Panel.
+func (c *client) ValidateSftpCredentials(ctx context.Context, request SftpAuthRequest) (SftpAuthResponse, error) {
+	var auth SftpAuthResponse
+	res, err := c.Post(ctx, "/sftp/auth", request)
+	if err != nil {
+		if err := AsRequestError(err); err != nil && (err.StatusCode() >= 400 && err.StatusCode() < 500) {
+			log.WithFields(log.Fields{"subsystem": "sftp", "username": request.User, "ip": request.IP}).Warn(err.Error())
+			return auth, &SftpInvalidCredentialsError{}
+		}
+		return auth, err
+	}
+	defer res.Body.Close()
+
+	if err := res.BindJSON(&auth); err != nil {
+		return auth, err
+	}
+	return auth, nil
+}
+
+func (c *client) GetBackupRemoteUploadURLs(ctx context.Context, backup string, size int64) (BackupRemoteUploadResponse, error) {
+	var data BackupRemoteUploadResponse
+	res, err := c.Get(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("/backups/%s", backup), q{"size": strconv.FormatInt(size, 10)})
+	if err != nil {
+		return data, err
+	}
+	defer res.Body.Close()
+	if err := res.BindJSON(&data); err != nil {
+		return data, err
+	}
+	return data, nil
+}
+
+func (c *client) SetBackupStatus(ctx context.Context, backup string, data BackupRequest) error {
+	resp, err := c.Post(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("/backups/%s", backup), data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	_ = resp.Body.Close()
+	return nil
+}
+
+// SendRestorationStatus triggers a request to the Panel to notify it that a
+// restoration has been completed and the server should be marked as being
+// activated again.
+func (c *client) SendRestorationStatus(ctx context.Context, backup string, successful bool) error {
+	resp, err := c.Post(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("/backups/%s/restore", backup), d{"successful": successful})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	_ = resp.Body.Close()
+	return nil
+}
+
+// SendActivityLogs sends activity logs back to the Panel for processing.
+func (c *client) SendActivityLogs(ctx context.Context, activity []models.Activity) error {
+	resp, err := c.Post(ctx, "/activity", d{"data": activity})
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.WithStackIf(err)
+	}
+	_ = resp.Body.Close()
+	return nil
+}
+
+// getServersPaged returns a subset of servers from the Panel API using the
+// pagination query parameters.
+func (c *client) getServersPaged(ctx context.Context, page, limit int) ([]RawServerData, Pagination, error) {
+	var r struct {
+		Data []RawServerData `json:"data"`
+		Meta Pagination      `json:"meta"`
+	}
+
+	res, err := c.Get(ctx, "/servers", q{
+		"page":     strconv.Itoa(page),
+		"per_page": strconv.Itoa(limit),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, r.Meta, err
+	}
+	defer res.Body.Close()
+	if err := res.BindJSON(&r); err != nil {
+		return nil, r.Meta, err
+	}
+	return r.Data, r.Meta, nil
+}

remote/types.go

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+package remote
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/parser"
+)
+
+const (
+	SftpAuthPassword  = SftpAuthRequestType("password")
+	SftpAuthPublicKey = SftpAuthRequestType("public_key")
+)
+
+// A generic type allowing for easy binding use when making requests to API
+// endpoints that only expect a singular argument or something that would not
+// benefit from being a typed struct.
+//
+// Inspired by gin.H, same concept.
+type d map[string]interface{}
+
+// Same concept as d, but a map of strings, used for querying GET requests.
+type q map[string]string
+
+type ClientOption func(c *client)
+
+type Pagination struct {
+	CurrentPage uint `json:"current_page"`
+	From        uint `json:"from"`
+	LastPage    uint `json:"last_page"`
+	PerPage     uint `json:"per_page"`
+	To          uint `json:"to"`
+	Total       uint `json:"total"`
+}
+
+// ServerConfigurationResponse holds the server configuration data returned from
+// the Panel. When a server process is started, Wings communicates with the
+// Panel to fetch the latest build information as well as get all the details
+// needed to parse the given Egg.
+//
+// This means we do not need to hit Wings each time part of the server is
+// updated, and the Panel serves as the source of truth at all times. This also
+// means if a configuration is accidentally wiped on Wings we can self-recover
+// without too much hassle, so long as Wings is aware of what servers should
+// exist on it.
+type ServerConfigurationResponse struct {
+	Settings             json.RawMessage       `json:"settings"`
+	ProcessConfiguration *ProcessConfiguration `json:"process_configuration"`
+}
+
+// InstallationScript defines installation script information for a server
+// process. This is used when a server is installed for the first time, and when
+// a server is marked for re-installation.
+type InstallationScript struct {
+	ContainerImage string `json:"container_image"`
+	Entrypoint     string `json:"entrypoint"`
+	Script         string `json:"script"`
+}
+
+// RawServerData is a raw response from the API for a server.
+type RawServerData struct {
+	Uuid                 string          `json:"uuid"`
+	Settings             json.RawMessage `json:"settings"`
+	ProcessConfiguration json.RawMessage `json:"process_configuration"`
+}
+
+type SftpAuthRequestType string
+
+// SftpAuthRequest defines the request details that are passed along to the Panel
+// when determining if the credentials provided to Wings are valid.
+type SftpAuthRequest struct {
+	Type          SftpAuthRequestType `json:"type"`
+	User          string              `json:"username"`
+	Pass          string              `json:"password"`
+	IP            string              `json:"ip"`
+	SessionID     []byte              `json:"session_id"`
+	ClientVersion []byte              `json:"client_version"`
+}
+
+// SftpAuthResponse is returned by the Panel when a pair of SFTP credentials
+// is successfully validated. This will include the specific server that was
+// matched as well as the permissions that are assigned to the authenticated
+// user for the SFTP subsystem.
+type SftpAuthResponse struct {
+	Server      string   `json:"server"`
+	User        string   `json:"user"`
+	Permissions []string `json:"permissions"`
+}
+
+type OutputLineMatcher struct {
+	// raw string to match against. This may or may not be prefixed with
+	// `regex:` which indicates we want to match against the regex expression.
+	raw []byte
+	reg *regexp.Regexp
+}
+
+// Matches determines if the provided byte string matches the given regex or
+// raw string provided to the matcher.
+func (olm *OutputLineMatcher) Matches(s []byte) bool {
+	if olm.reg == nil {
+		return bytes.Contains(s, olm.raw)
+	}
+	return olm.reg.Match(s)
+}
+
+// String returns the matcher's raw comparison string.
+func (olm *OutputLineMatcher) String() string {
+	return string(olm.raw)
+}
+
+// UnmarshalJSON unmarshals the startup lines into individual structs for easier
+// matching abilities.
+func (olm *OutputLineMatcher) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
+	var r string
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &r); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	olm.raw = []byte(r)
+	if bytes.HasPrefix(olm.raw, []byte("regex:")) && len(olm.raw) > 6 {
+		r, err := regexp.Compile(strings.TrimPrefix(string(olm.raw), "regex:"))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.WithField("error", err).WithField("raw", string(olm.raw)).Warn("failed to compile output line marked as being regex")
+		}
+		olm.reg = r
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ProcessStopConfiguration defines what is used when stopping an instance.
+type ProcessStopConfiguration struct {
+	Type  string `json:"type"`
+	Value string `json:"value"`
+}
+
+// ProcessConfiguration defines the process configuration for a given server
+// instance. This sets what Wings is looking for to mark a server as done
+// starting what to do when stopping, and what changes to make to the
+// configuration file for a server.
+type ProcessConfiguration struct {
+	Startup struct {
+		Done            []*OutputLineMatcher `json:"done"`
+		UserInteraction []string             `json:"user_interaction"`
+		StripAnsi       bool                 `json:"strip_ansi"`
+	} `json:"startup"`
+	Stop               ProcessStopConfiguration   `json:"stop"`
+	ConfigurationFiles []parser.ConfigurationFile `json:"configs"`
+}
+
+type BackupRemoteUploadResponse struct {
+	Parts    []string `json:"parts"`
+	PartSize int64    `json:"part_size"`
+}
+
+type BackupPart struct {
+	ETag       string `json:"etag"`
+	PartNumber int    `json:"part_number"`
+}
+
+type BackupRequest struct {
+	Checksum     string       `json:"checksum"`
+	ChecksumType string       `json:"checksum_type"`
+	Size         int64        `json:"size"`
+	Successful   bool         `json:"successful"`
+	Parts        []BackupPart `json:"parts"`
+}
+
+type InstallStatusRequest struct {
+	Successful bool `json:"successful"`
+	Reinstall  bool `json:"reinstall"`
+}

router/downloader/downloader.go

@@ -0,0 +1,358 @@
+package downloader
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"mime"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
+)
+
+var client = &http.Client{
+	Timeout: time.Hour * 12,
+	// Disallow any redirect on an HTTP call. This is a security requirement: do not modify
+	// this logic without first ensuring that the new target location IS NOT within the current
+	// instance's local network.
+	//
+	// This specific error response just causes the client to not follow the redirect and
+	// returns the actual redirect response to the caller. Not perfect, but simple and most
+	// people won't be using URLs that redirect anyways hopefully?
+	//
+	// We'll re-evaluate this down the road if needed.
+	CheckRedirect: func(req *http.Request, via []*http.Request) error {
+		return http.ErrUseLastResponse
+	},
+}
+
+var instance = &Downloader{
+	// Tracks all the active downloads.
+	downloadCache: make(map[string]*Download),
+	// Tracks all the downloads active for a given server instance. This is
+	// primarily used to make things quicker and keep the code a little more
+	// legible throughout here.
+	serverCache: make(map[string][]string),
+}
+
+// Internal IP ranges that should be blocked if the resource requested resolves within.
+var internalRanges = []*net.IPNet{
+	mustParseCIDR("127.0.0.1/8"),
+	mustParseCIDR("10.0.0.0/8"),
+	mustParseCIDR("172.16.0.0/12"),
+	mustParseCIDR("192.168.0.0/16"),
+	mustParseCIDR("169.254.0.0/16"),
+	mustParseCIDR("::1/128"),
+	mustParseCIDR("fe80::/10"),
+	mustParseCIDR("fc00::/7"),
+}
+
+const (
+	ErrInternalResolution = errors.Sentinel("downloader: destination resolves to internal network location")
+	ErrInvalidIPAddress   = errors.Sentinel("downloader: invalid IP address")
+	ErrDownloadFailed     = errors.Sentinel("downloader: download request failed")
+)
+
+type Counter struct {
+	total   int
+	onWrite func(total int)
+}
+
+func (c *Counter) Write(p []byte) (int, error) {
+	n := len(p)
+	c.total += n
+	c.onWrite(c.total)
+	return n, nil
+}
+
+type DownloadRequest struct {
+	Directory string
+	URL       *url.URL
+	FileName  string
+	UseHeader bool
+}
+
+type Download struct {
+	Identifier string
+	path       string
+	mu         sync.RWMutex
+	req        DownloadRequest
+	server     *server.Server
+	progress   float64
+	cancelFunc *context.CancelFunc
+}
+
+// New starts a new tracked download which allows for cancellation later on by calling
+// the Downloader.Cancel function.
+func New(s *server.Server, r DownloadRequest) *Download {
+	dl := Download{
+		Identifier: uuid.Must(uuid.NewRandom()).String(),
+		req:        r,
+		server:     s,
+	}
+	instance.track(&dl)
+	return &dl
+}
+
+// ByServer returns all the tracked downloads for a given server instance.
+func ByServer(sid string) []*Download {
+	instance.mu.Lock()
+	defer instance.mu.Unlock()
+	var downloads []*Download
+	if v, ok := instance.serverCache[sid]; ok {
+		for _, id := range v {
+			if dl, ok := instance.downloadCache[id]; ok {
+				downloads = append(downloads, dl)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return downloads
+}
+
+// ByID returns a single Download matching a given identifier. If no download is found
+// the second argument in the response will be false.
+func ByID(dlid string) *Download {
+	return instance.find(dlid)
+}
+
+//goland:noinspection GoVetCopyLock
+func (dl Download) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+	return json.Marshal(struct {
+		Identifier string
+		Progress   float64
+	}{
+		Identifier: dl.Identifier,
+		Progress:   dl.Progress(),
+	})
+}
+
+// Execute executes a given download for the server and begins writing the file to the disk. Once
+// completed the download will be removed from the cache.
+func (dl *Download) Execute() error {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Hour*12)
+	dl.cancelFunc = &cancel
+	defer dl.Cancel()
+
+	// Always ensure that we're checking the destination for the download to avoid a malicious
+	// user from accessing internal network resources.
+	if err := dl.isExternalNetwork(ctx); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// At this point we have verified the destination is not within the local network, so we can
+	// now make a request to that URL and pull down the file, saving it to the server's data
+	// directory.
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, dl.req.URL.String(), nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.WrapIf(err, "downloader: failed to create request")
+	}
+
+	req.Header.Set("User-Agent", "Pterodactyl Panel (https://pterodactyl.io)")
+	res, err := client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ErrDownloadFailed
+	}
+	defer res.Body.Close()
+	if res.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return errors.New("downloader: got bad response status from endpoint: " + res.Status)
+	}
+
+	if res.ContentLength < 1 {
+		return errors.New("downloader: request is missing ContentLength")
+	}
+
+	if dl.req.UseHeader {
+		if contentDisposition := res.Header.Get("Content-Disposition"); contentDisposition != "" {
+			_, params, err := mime.ParseMediaType(contentDisposition)
+			if err != nil {
+				return errors.WrapIf(err, "downloader: invalid \"Content-Disposition\" header")
+			}
+
+			if v, ok := params["filename"]; ok {
+				dl.path = v
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if dl.path == "" {
+		if dl.req.FileName != "" {
+			dl.path = dl.req.FileName
+		} else {
+			parts := strings.Split(dl.req.URL.Path, "/")
+			dl.path = parts[len(parts)-1]
+		}
+	}
+
+	p := dl.Path()
+	dl.server.Log().WithField("path", p).Debug("writing remote file to disk")
+
+	// Write the file while tracking the progress, Write will check that the
+	// size of the file won't exceed the disk limit.
+	r := io.TeeReader(res.Body, dl.counter(res.ContentLength))
+	if err := dl.server.Filesystem().Write(p, r, res.ContentLength, 0o644); err != nil {
+		return errors.WrapIf(err, "downloader: failed to write file to server directory")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Cancel cancels a running download and frees up the associated resources. If a file is being
+// written a partial file will remain present on the disk.
+func (dl *Download) Cancel() {
+	if dl.cancelFunc != nil {
+		(*dl.cancelFunc)()
+	}
+	instance.remove(dl.Identifier)
+}
+
+// BelongsTo checks if the given download belongs to the provided server.
+func (dl *Download) BelongsTo(s *server.Server) bool {
+	return dl.server.ID() == s.ID()
+}
+
+// Progress returns the current progress of the download as a float value between 0 and 1 where
+// 1 indicates that the download is completed.
+func (dl *Download) Progress() float64 {
+	dl.mu.RLock()
+	defer dl.mu.RUnlock()
+	return dl.progress
+}
+
+func (dl *Download) Path() string {
+	return filepath.Join(dl.req.Directory, dl.path)
+}
+
+// Handles a write event by updating the progress completed percentage and firing off
+// events to the server websocket as needed.
+func (dl *Download) counter(contentLength int64) *Counter {
+	onWrite := func(t int) {
+		dl.mu.Lock()
+		defer dl.mu.Unlock()
+		dl.progress = float64(t) / float64(contentLength)
+	}
+	return &Counter{
+		onWrite: onWrite,
+	}
+}
+
+// Verifies that a given download resolves to a location not within the current local
+// network for the machine. If the final destination of a resource is within the local
+// network an ErrInternalResolution error is returned.
+func (dl *Download) isExternalNetwork(ctx context.Context) error {
+	dialer := &net.Dialer{
+		LocalAddr: nil,
+	}
+
+	host := dl.req.URL.Host
+
+	// This cluster-fuck of math and integer shit converts an integer IP into a proper IPv4.
+	// For example: 16843009 would become 1.1.1.1
+	//if i, err := strconv.ParseInt(host, 10, 64); err == nil {
+	//	host = strconv.FormatInt((i>>24)&0xFF, 10) + "." + strconv.FormatInt((i>>16)&0xFF, 10) + "." + strconv.FormatInt((i>>8)&0xFF, 10) + "." + strconv.FormatInt(i&0xFF, 10)
+	//}
+
+	if _, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(host); err != nil {
+		if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "missing port in address") {
+			return errors.WithStack(err)
+		}
+		switch dl.req.URL.Scheme {
+		case "http":
+			host += ":80"
+		case "https":
+			host += ":443"
+		}
+	}
+
+	c, err := dialer.DialContext(ctx, "tcp", host)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.WithStack(err)
+	}
+	_ = c.Close()
+
+	ipStr, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(c.RemoteAddr().String())
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.WithStack(err)
+	}
+	ip := net.ParseIP(ipStr)
+	if ip == nil {
+		return errors.WithStack(ErrInvalidIPAddress)
+	}
+	if ip.IsLoopback() || ip.IsLinkLocalUnicast() || ip.IsLinkLocalMulticast() || ip.IsInterfaceLocalMulticast() {
+		return errors.WithStack(ErrInternalResolution)
+	}
+	for _, block := range internalRanges {
+		if block.Contains(ip) {
+			return errors.WithStack(ErrInternalResolution)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Downloader represents a global downloader that keeps track of all currently processing downloads
+// for the machine.
+type Downloader struct {
+	mu            sync.RWMutex
+	downloadCache map[string]*Download
+	serverCache   map[string][]string
+}
+
+// track tracks a download in the internal cache for this instance.
+func (d *Downloader) track(dl *Download) {
+	d.mu.Lock()
+	defer d.mu.Unlock()
+	sid := dl.server.ID()
+	if _, ok := d.downloadCache[dl.Identifier]; !ok {
+		d.downloadCache[dl.Identifier] = dl
+		if _, ok := d.serverCache[sid]; !ok {
+			d.serverCache[sid] = []string{}
+		}
+		d.serverCache[sid] = append(d.serverCache[sid], dl.Identifier)
+	}
+}
+
+// find finds a given download entry using the provided ID and returns it.
+func (d *Downloader) find(dlid string) *Download {
+	d.mu.RLock()
+	defer d.mu.RUnlock()
+	if entry, ok := d.downloadCache[dlid]; ok {
+		return entry
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// remove removes the given download reference from the cache storing them. This also updates
+// the slice of active downloads for a given server to not include this download.
+func (d *Downloader) remove(dlID string) {
+	d.mu.Lock()
+	defer d.mu.Unlock()
+	if _, ok := d.downloadCache[dlID]; !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	sID := d.downloadCache[dlID].server.ID()
+	delete(d.downloadCache, dlID)
+	if tracked, ok := d.serverCache[sID]; ok {
+		var out []string
+		for _, k := range tracked {
+			if k != dlID {
+				out = append(out, k)
+			}
+		}
+		d.serverCache[sID] = out
+	}
+}
+
+func mustParseCIDR(ip string) *net.IPNet {
+	_, block, err := net.ParseCIDR(ip)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("downloader: failed to parse CIDR: %s", err))
+	}
+	return block
+}

router/middleware.go

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package router
+
+import (
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/middleware"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
+)
+
+// ExtractServer returns the server instance from the gin context. If there is
+// no server set in the context (e.g. calling from a controller not protected
+// by ServerExists) this function will panic.
+//
+// This function is deprecated. Use middleware.ExtractServer.
+func ExtractServer(c *gin.Context) *server.Server {
+	return middleware.ExtractServer(c)
+}

router/middleware/middleware.go

@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+package middleware
+
+import (
+	"crypto/subtle"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/remote"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
+)
+
+// AttachRequestID attaches a unique ID to the incoming HTTP request so that any
+// errors that are generated or returned to the client will include this reference
+// allowing for an easier time identifying the specific request that failed for
+// the user.
+//
+// If you are using a tool such as Sentry or Bugsnag for error reporting this is
+// a great location to also attach this request ID to your error handling logic
+// so that you can easily cross-reference the errors.
+func AttachRequestID() gin.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		id := uuid.New().String()
+		c.Set("request_id", id)
+		c.Set("logger", log.WithField("request_id", id))
+		c.Header("X-Request-Id", id)
+		c.Next()
+	}
+}
+
+// AttachServerManager attaches the server manager to the request context which
+// allows routes to access the underlying server collection.
+func AttachServerManager(m *server.Manager) gin.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		c.Set("manager", m)
+		c.Next()
+	}
+}
+
+// AttachApiClient attaches the application API client which allows routes to
+// access server resources from the Panel easily.
+func AttachApiClient(client remote.Client) gin.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		c.Set("api_client", client)
+		c.Next()
+	}
+}
+
+// CaptureAndAbort aborts the request and attaches the provided error to the gin
+// context, so it can be reported properly. If the error is missing a stacktrace
+// at the time it is called the stack will be attached.
+func CaptureAndAbort(c *gin.Context, err error) {
+	c.Abort()
+	c.Error(errors.WithStackDepthIf(err, 1))
+}
+
+// CaptureErrors is custom handler function allowing for errors bubbled up by
+// c.Error() to be returned in a standardized format with tracking UUIDs on them
+// for easier log searching.
+func CaptureErrors() gin.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		c.Next()
+		err := c.Errors.Last()
+		if err == nil || err.Err == nil {
+			return
+		}
+
+		status := http.StatusInternalServerError
+		if c.Writer.Status() != 200 {
+			status = c.Writer.Status()
+		}
+		if err.Error() == io.EOF.Error() {
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "The data passed in the request was not in a parsable format. Please try again."})
+			return
+		}
+		captured := NewError(err.Err)
+		if status, msg := captured.asFilesystemError(); msg != "" {
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(status, gin.H{"error": msg, "request_id": c.Writer.Header().Get("X-Request-Id")})
+			return
+		}
+		captured.Abort(c, status)
+	}
+}
+
+// SetAccessControlHeaders sets the access request control headers on all of
+// the requests.
+func SetAccessControlHeaders() gin.HandlerFunc {
+	cfg := config.Get()
+	origins := cfg.AllowedOrigins
+	location := cfg.PanelLocation
+	allowPrivateNetwork := cfg.AllowCORSPrivateNetwork
+
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		c.Header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", location)
+		c.Header("Access-Control-Allow-Credentials", "true")
+		c.Header("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET, POST, PATCH, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS")
+		c.Header("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Accept, Accept-Encoding, Authorization, Cache-Control, Content-Type, Content-Length, Origin, X-Real-IP, X-CSRF-Token")
+
+		// CORS for Private Networks (RFC1918)
+		// @see https://developer.chrome.com/blog/private-network-access-update/?utm_source=devtools
+		if allowPrivateNetwork {
+			c.Header("Access-Control-Request-Private-Network", "true")
+		}
+
+		// Maximum age allowable under Chromium v76 is 2 hours, so just use that since
+		// anything higher will be ignored (even if other browsers do allow higher values).
+		//
+		// @see https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Access-Control-Max-Age#Directives
+		c.Header("Access-Control-Max-Age", "7200")
+
+		// Validate that the request origin is coming from an allowed origin. Because you
+		// cannot set multiple values here we need to see if the origin is one of the ones
+		// that we allow, and if so return it explicitly. Otherwise, just return the default
+		// origin which is the same URL that the Panel is located at.
+		origin := c.GetHeader("Origin")
+		if origin != location {
+			for _, o := range origins {
+				if o != "*" && o != origin {
+					continue
+				}
+				c.Header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", o)
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		if c.Request.Method == http.MethodOptions {
+			c.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusNoContent)
+			return
+		}
+		c.Next()
+	}
+}
+
+// ServerExists will ensure that the requested server exists in this setup.
+// Returns a 404 if we cannot locate it. If the server is found it is set into
+// the request context, and the logger for the context is also updated to include
+// the server ID in the fields list.
+func ServerExists() gin.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		var s *server.Server
+		if c.Param("server") != "" {
+			manager := ExtractManager(c)
+			s = manager.Find(func(s *server.Server) bool {
+				return c.Param("server") == s.ID()
+			})
+		}
+		if s == nil {
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{"error": "The requested resource does not exist on this instance."})
+			return
+		}
+		c.Set("logger", ExtractLogger(c).WithField("server_id", s.ID()))
+		c.Set("server", s)
+		c.Next()
+	}
+}
+
+// RequireAuthorization authenticates the request token against the given
+// permission string, ensuring that if it is a server permission, the token has
+// control over that server. If it is a global token, this will ensure that the
+// request is using a properly signed global token.
+func RequireAuthorization() gin.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		// We don't put this value outside this function since the node's authentication
+		// token can be changed on the fly and the config.Get() call returns a copy, so
+		// if it is rotated this value will never properly get updated.
+		token := config.Get().AuthenticationToken
+		auth := strings.SplitN(c.GetHeader("Authorization"), " ", 2)
+		if len(auth) != 2 || auth[0] != "Bearer" {
+			c.Header("WWW-Authenticate", "Bearer")
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"error": "The required authorization heads were not present in the request."})
+			return
+		}
+
+		// All requests to Wings must be authorized with the authentication token present in
+		// the Wings configuration file. Remeber, all requests to Wings come from the Panel
+		// backend, or using a signed JWT for temporary authentication.
+		if subtle.ConstantTimeCompare([]byte(auth[1]), []byte(token)) != 1 {
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusForbidden, gin.H{"error": "You are not authorized to access this endpoint."})
+			return
+		}
+		c.Next()
+	}
+}
+
+// RemoteDownloadEnabled checks if remote downloads are enabled for this instance
+// and if not aborts the request.
+func RemoteDownloadEnabled() gin.HandlerFunc {
+	disabled := config.Get().Api.DisableRemoteDownload
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		if disabled {
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "This functionality is not currently enabled on this instance."})
+			return
+		}
+		c.Next()
+	}
+}
+
+// ExtractLogger pulls the logger out of the request context and returns it. By
+// default this will include the request ID, but may also include the server ID
+// if that middleware has been used in the chain by the time it is called.
+func ExtractLogger(c *gin.Context) *log.Entry {
+	v, ok := c.Get("logger")
+	if !ok {
+		panic("middleware/middleware: cannot extract logger: not present in request context")
+	}
+	return v.(*log.Entry)
+}
+
+// ExtractServer will return the server from the gin.Context or panic if it is
+// not present.
+func ExtractServer(c *gin.Context) *server.Server {
+	v, ok := c.Get("server")
+	if !ok {
+		panic("middleware/middleware: cannot extract server: not present in request context")
+	}
+	return v.(*server.Server)
+}
+
+// ExtractApiClient returns the API client defined for the routes.
+func ExtractApiClient(c *gin.Context) remote.Client {
+	if v, ok := c.Get("api_client"); ok {
+		return v.(remote.Client)
+	}
+	panic("middleware/middlware: cannot extract api clinet: not present in context")
+}
+
+// ExtractManager returns the server manager instance set on the request context.
+func ExtractManager(c *gin.Context) *server.Manager {
+	if v, ok := c.Get("manager"); ok {
+		return v.(*server.Manager)
+	}
+	panic("middleware/middleware: cannot extract server manager: not present in context")
+}

router/middleware/request_error.go

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+package middleware
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server/filesystem"
+)
+
+// RequestError is a custom error type returned when something goes wrong with
+// any of the HTTP endpoints.
+type RequestError struct {
+	err    error
+	status int
+	msg    string
+}
+
+// NewError returns a new RequestError for the provided error.
+func NewError(err error) *RequestError {
+	return &RequestError{
+		// Attach a stacktrace to the error if it is missing at this point and mark it
+		// as originating from the location where NewError was called, rather than this
+		// specific point in the code.
+		err: errors.WithStackDepthIf(err, 1),
+	}
+}
+
+// SetMessage allows for a custom error message to be set on an existing
+// RequestError instance.
+func (re *RequestError) SetMessage(m string) {
+	re.msg = m
+}
+
+// SetStatus sets the HTTP status code for the error response. By default this
+// is a HTTP-500 error.
+func (re *RequestError) SetStatus(s int) {
+	re.status = s
+}
+
+// Abort aborts the given HTTP request with the specified status code and then
+// logs the event into the logs. The error that is output will include the unique
+// request ID if it is present.
+func (re *RequestError) Abort(c *gin.Context, status int) {
+	reqId := c.Writer.Header().Get("X-Request-Id")
+
+	// Generate the base logger instance, attaching the unique request ID and
+	// the URL that was requested.
+	event := log.WithField("request_id", reqId).WithField("url", c.Request.URL.String())
+	// If there is a server present in the gin.Context stack go ahead and pull it
+	// and attach that server UUID to the logs as well so that we can see what specific
+	// server triggered this error.
+	if s, ok := c.Get("server"); ok {
+		if s, ok := s.(*server.Server); ok {
+			event = event.WithField("server_id", s.ID())
+		}
+	}
+
+	if c.Writer.Status() == 200 {
+		// Handle context deadlines being exceeded a little differently since we want
+		// to report a more user-friendly error and a proper error code. The "context
+		// canceled" error is generally when a request is terminated before all of the
+		// logic is finished running.
+		if errors.Is(re.err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+			re.SetStatus(http.StatusGatewayTimeout)
+			re.SetMessage("The server could not process this request in time, please try again.")
+		} else if strings.Contains(re.Cause().Error(), "context canceled") {
+			re.SetStatus(http.StatusBadRequest)
+			re.SetMessage("Request aborted by client.")
+		}
+	}
+
+	// c.Writer.Status() will be a non-200 value if the headers have already been sent
+	// to the requester but an error is encountered. This can happen if there is an issue
+	// marshaling a struct placed into a c.JSON() call (or c.AbortWithJSON() call).
+	if status >= 500 || c.Writer.Status() != 200 {
+		event.WithField("status", status).WithField("error", re.err).Error("error while handling HTTP request")
+	} else {
+		event.WithField("status", status).WithField("error", re.err).Debug("error handling HTTP request (not a server error)")
+	}
+	if re.msg == "" {
+		re.msg = "An unexpected error was encountered while processing this request"
+	}
+	// Now abort the request with the error message and include the unique request
+	// ID that was present to make things super easy on people who don't know how
+	// or cannot view the response headers (where X-Request-Id would be present).
+	c.AbortWithStatusJSON(status, gin.H{"error": re.msg, "request_id": reqId})
+}
+
+// Cause returns the underlying error.
+func (re *RequestError) Cause() error {
+	return re.err
+}
+
+// Error returns the underlying error message for this request.
+func (re *RequestError) Error() string {
+	return re.err.Error()
+}
+
+// Looks at the given RequestError and determines if it is a specific filesystem
+// error that we can process and return differently for the user.
+//
+// Some external things end up calling fmt.Errorf() on our filesystem errors
+// which ends up just unleashing chaos on the system. For the sake of this,
+// fallback to using text checks.
+//
+// If the error passed into this call is nil or does not match empty values will
+// be returned to the caller.
+func (re *RequestError) asFilesystemError() (int, string) {
+	err := re.Cause()
+	if err == nil {
+		return 0, ""
+	}
+	if filesystem.IsErrorCode(err, filesystem.ErrNotExist) ||
+		filesystem.IsErrorCode(err, filesystem.ErrCodePathResolution) ||
+		strings.Contains(err.Error(), "resolves to a location outside the server root") {
+		return http.StatusNotFound, "The requested resources was not found on the system."
+	}
+	if filesystem.IsErrorCode(err, filesystem.ErrCodeDenylistFile) || strings.Contains(err.Error(), "filesystem: file access prohibited") {
+		return http.StatusForbidden, "This file cannot be modified: present in egg denylist."
+	}
+	if filesystem.IsErrorCode(err, filesystem.ErrCodeIsDirectory) || strings.Contains(err.Error(), "filesystem: is a directory") {
+		return http.StatusBadRequest, "Cannot perform that action: file is a directory."
+	}
+	if filesystem.IsErrorCode(err, filesystem.ErrCodeDiskSpace) || strings.Contains(err.Error(), "filesystem: not enough disk space") {
+		return http.StatusBadRequest, "There is not enough disk space available to perform that action."
+	}
+	if strings.HasSuffix(err.Error(), "file name too long") {
+		return http.StatusBadRequest, "Cannot perform that action: file name is too long."
+	}
+	if e, ok := err.(*os.SyscallError); ok && e.Syscall == "readdirent" {
+		return http.StatusNotFound, "The requested directory does not exist."
+	}
+	return 0, ""
+}

router/router.go

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+package router
+
+import (
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/remote"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/middleware"
+	wserver "github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
+)
+
+// Configure configures the routing infrastructure for this daemon instance.
+func Configure(m *wserver.Manager, client remote.Client) *gin.Engine {
+	gin.SetMode("release")
+
+	router := gin.New()
+	router.Use(gin.Recovery())
+	if err := router.SetTrustedProxies(config.Get().Api.TrustedProxies); err != nil {
+		panic(errors.WithStack(err))
+		return nil
+	}
+	router.Use(middleware.AttachRequestID(), middleware.CaptureErrors(), middleware.SetAccessControlHeaders())
+	router.Use(middleware.AttachServerManager(m), middleware.AttachApiClient(client))
+	// @todo log this into a different file so you can setup IP blocking for abusive requests and such.
+	// This should still dump requests in debug mode since it does help with understanding the request
+	// lifecycle and quickly seeing what was called leading to the logs. However, it isn't feasible to mix
+	// this output in production and still get meaningful logs from it since they'll likely just be a huge
+	// spamfest.
+	router.Use(gin.LoggerWithFormatter(func(params gin.LogFormatterParams) string {
+		log.WithFields(log.Fields{
+			"client_ip":  params.ClientIP,
+			"status":     params.StatusCode,
+			"latency":    params.Latency,
+			"request_id": params.Keys["request_id"],
+		}).Debugf("%s %s", params.MethodColor()+params.Method+params.ResetColor(), params.Path)
+
+		return ""
+	}))
+
+	// These routes use signed URLs to validate access to the resource being requested.
+	router.GET("/download/backup", getDownloadBackup)
+	router.GET("/download/file", getDownloadFile)
+	router.POST("/upload/file", postServerUploadFiles)
+
+	// This route is special it sits above all the other requests because we are
+	// using a JWT to authorize access to it, therefore it needs to be publicly
+	// accessible.
+	router.GET("/api/servers/:server/ws", middleware.ServerExists(), getServerWebsocket)
+
+	// This request is called by another daemon when a server is going to be transferred out.
+	// This request does not need the AuthorizationMiddleware as the panel should never call it
+	// and requests are authenticated through a JWT the panel issues to the other daemon.
+	router.POST("/api/transfers", postTransfers)
+
+	// All the routes beyond this mount will use an authorization middleware
+	// and will not be accessible without the correct Authorization header provided.
+	protected := router.Use(middleware.RequireAuthorization())
+	protected.POST("/api/update", postUpdateConfiguration)
+	protected.GET("/api/system", getSystemInformation)
+	protected.GET("/api/servers", getAllServers)
+	protected.POST("/api/servers", postCreateServer)
+	protected.DELETE("/api/transfers/:server", deleteTransfer)
+
+	// These are server specific routes, and require that the request be authorized, and
+	// that the server exist on the Daemon.
+	server := router.Group("/api/servers/:server")
+	server.Use(middleware.RequireAuthorization(), middleware.ServerExists())
+	{
+		server.GET("", getServer)
+		server.DELETE("", deleteServer)
+
+		server.GET("/logs", getServerLogs)
+		server.POST("/power", postServerPower)
+		server.POST("/commands", postServerCommands)
+		server.POST("/install", postServerInstall)
+		server.POST("/reinstall", postServerReinstall)
+		server.POST("/sync", postServerSync)
+		server.POST("/ws/deny", postServerDenyWSTokens)
+
+		// This archive request causes the archive to start being created
+		// this should only be triggered by the panel.
+		server.POST("/transfer", postServerTransfer)
+		server.DELETE("/transfer", deleteServerTransfer)
+
+		files := server.Group("/files")
+		{
+			files.GET("/contents", getServerFileContents)
+			files.GET("/list-directory", getServerListDirectory)
+			files.PUT("/rename", putServerRenameFiles)
+			files.POST("/copy", postServerCopyFile)
+			files.POST("/write", postServerWriteFile)
+			files.POST("/create-directory", postServerCreateDirectory)
+			files.POST("/delete", postServerDeleteFiles)
+			files.POST("/compress", postServerCompressFiles)
+			files.POST("/decompress", postServerDecompressFiles)
+			files.POST("/chmod", postServerChmodFile)
+
+			files.GET("/pull", middleware.RemoteDownloadEnabled(), getServerPullingFiles)
+			files.POST("/pull", middleware.RemoteDownloadEnabled(), postServerPullRemoteFile)
+			files.DELETE("/pull/:download", middleware.RemoteDownloadEnabled(), deleteServerPullRemoteFile)
+		}
+
+		backup := server.Group("/backup")
+		{
+			backup.POST("", postServerBackup)
+			backup.POST("/:backup/restore", postServerRestoreBackup)
+			backup.DELETE("/:backup", deleteServerBackup)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return router
+}

router/router_download.go

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+package router
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"errors"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/middleware"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/tokens"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server/backup"
+)
+
+// Handle a download request for a server backup.
+func getDownloadBackup(c *gin.Context) {
+	client := middleware.ExtractApiClient(c)
+	manager := middleware.ExtractManager(c)
+
+	token := tokens.BackupPayload{}
+	if err := tokens.ParseToken([]byte(c.Query("token")), &token); err != nil {
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if _, ok := manager.Get(token.ServerUuid); !ok || !token.IsUniqueRequest() {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{
+			"error": "The requested resource was not found on this server.",
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	b, st, err := backup.LocateLocal(client, token.BackupUuid)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{
+				"error": "The requested backup was not found on this server.",
+			})
+			return
+		}
+
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// The use of `os` here is safe as backups are not stored within server
+	// accessible directories.
+	f, err := os.Open(b.Path())
+	if err != nil {
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	c.Header("Content-Length", strconv.Itoa(int(st.Size())))
+	c.Header("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename="+strconv.Quote(st.Name()))
+	c.Header("Content-Type", "application/octet-stream")
+
+	_, _ = bufio.NewReader(f).WriteTo(c.Writer)
+}
+
+// Handles downloading a specific file for a server.
+func getDownloadFile(c *gin.Context) {
+	manager := middleware.ExtractManager(c)
+	token := tokens.FilePayload{}
+	if err := tokens.ParseToken([]byte(c.Query("token")), &token); err != nil {
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	s, ok := manager.Get(token.ServerUuid)
+	if !ok || !token.IsUniqueRequest() {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{
+			"error": "The requested resource was not found on this server.",
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	f, st, err := s.Filesystem().File(token.FilePath)
+	if err != nil {
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+	if st.IsDir() {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{
+			"error": "The requested resource was not found on this server.",
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.Header("Content-Length", strconv.Itoa(int(st.Size())))
+	c.Header("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename="+strconv.Quote(st.Name()))
+	c.Header("Content-Type", "application/octet-stream")
+
+	_, _ = bufio.NewReader(f).WriteTo(c.Writer)
+}

router/router_server.go

@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+package router
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/downloader"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/middleware"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/tokens"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server/transfer"
+)
+
+// Returns a single server from the collection of servers.
+func getServer(c *gin.Context) {
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, ExtractServer(c).ToAPIResponse())
+}
+
+// Returns the logs for a given server instance.
+func getServerLogs(c *gin.Context) {
+	s := ExtractServer(c)
+
+	l, _ := strconv.Atoi(c.DefaultQuery("size", "100"))
+	if l <= 0 {
+		l = 100
+	} else if l > 100 {
+		l = 100
+	}
+
+	out, err := s.ReadLogfile(l)
+	if err != nil {
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"data": out})
+}
+
+// Handles a request to control the power state of a server. If the action being passed
+// through is invalid a 404 is returned. Otherwise, a HTTP/202 Accepted response is returned
+// and the actual power action is run asynchronously so that we don't have to block the
+// request until a potentially slow operation completes.
+//
+// This is done because for the most part the Panel is using websockets to determine when
+// things are happening, so theres no reason to sit and wait for a request to finish. We'll
+// just see over the socket if something isn't working correctly.
+func postServerPower(c *gin.Context) {
+	s := ExtractServer(c)
+
+	var data struct {
+		Action      server.PowerAction `json:"action"`
+		WaitSeconds int                `json:"wait_seconds"`
+	}
+
+	if err := c.BindJSON(&data); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if !data.Action.IsValid() {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusUnprocessableEntity, gin.H{
+			"error": "The power action provided was not valid, should be one of \"stop\", \"start\", \"restart\", \"kill\"",
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Because we route all of the actual bootup process to a separate thread we need to
+	// check the suspension status here, otherwise the user will hit the endpoint and then
+	// just sit there wondering why it returns a success but nothing actually happens.
+	//
+	// We don't really care about any of the other actions at this point, they'll all result
+	// in the process being stopped, which should have happened anyways if the server is suspended.
+	if (data.Action == server.PowerActionStart || data.Action == server.PowerActionRestart) && s.IsSuspended() {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
+			"error": "Cannot start or restart a server that is suspended.",
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Pass the actual heavy processing off to a separate thread to handle so that
+	// we can immediately return a response from the server. Some of these actions
+	// can take quite some time, especially stopping or restarting.
+	go func(s *server.Server) {
+		if data.WaitSeconds < 0 || data.WaitSeconds > 300 {
+			data.WaitSeconds = 30
+		}
+		if err := s.HandlePowerAction(data.Action, data.WaitSeconds); err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+				s.Log().WithField("action", data.Action).WithField("error", err).Warn("could not process server power action")
+			} else if errors.Is(err, server.ErrIsRunning) {
+				// Do nothing, this isn't something we care about for logging,
+			} else {
+				s.Log().WithFields(log.Fields{"action": data.Action, "wait_seconds": data.WaitSeconds, "error": err}).
+					Error("encountered error processing a server power action in the background")
+			}
+		}
+	}(s)
+
+	c.Status(http.StatusAccepted)
+}
+
+// Sends an array of commands to a running server instance.
+func postServerCommands(c *gin.Context) {
+	s := ExtractServer(c)
+
+	if running, err := s.Environment.IsRunning(c.Request.Context()); err != nil {
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	} else if !running {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadGateway, gin.H{
+			"error": "Cannot send commands to a stopped server instance.",
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	var data struct {
+		Commands []string `json:"commands"`
+	}
+	// BindJSON sends 400 if the request fails, all we need to do is return
+	if err := c.BindJSON(&data); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	for _, command := range data.Commands {
+		if err := s.Environment.SendCommand(command); err != nil {
+			s.Log().WithFields(log.Fields{"command": command, "error": err}).Warn("failed to send command to server instance")
+		}
+	}
+
+	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+// postServerSync will accept a POST request and trigger a re-sync of the given
+// server against the Panel. This can be manually triggered when needed by an
+// external system, or triggered by the Panel itself when modifications are made
+// to the build of a server internally.
+func postServerSync(c *gin.Context) {
+	s := ExtractServer(c)
+
+	if err := s.Sync(); err != nil {
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+	} else {
+		c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+	}
+}
+
+// Performs a server installation in a background thread.
+func postServerInstall(c *gin.Context) {
+	s := ExtractServer(c)
+
+	go func(s *server.Server) {
+		s.Log().Info("syncing server state with remote source before executing installation process")
+		if err := s.Sync(); err != nil {
+			s.Log().WithField("error", err).Error("failed to sync server state with Panel")
+			return
+		}
+
+		if err := s.Install(); err != nil {
+			s.Log().WithField("error", err).Error("failed to execute server installation process")
+		}
+	}(s)
+
+	c.Status(http.StatusAccepted)
+}
+
+// Reinstalls a server.
+func postServerReinstall(c *gin.Context) {
+	s := ExtractServer(c)
+
+	if s.ExecutingPowerAction() {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusConflict, gin.H{
+			"error": "Cannot execute server reinstall event while another power action is running.",
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	go func(s *server.Server) {
+		if err := s.Reinstall(); err != nil {
+			s.Log().WithField("error", err).Error("failed to complete server re-install process")
+		}
+	}(s)
+
+	c.Status(http.StatusAccepted)
+}
+
+// Deletes a server from the wings daemon and dissociate its objects.
+func deleteServer(c *gin.Context) {
+	s := middleware.ExtractServer(c)
+
+	// Immediately suspend the server to prevent a user from attempting
+	// to start it while this process is running.
+	s.Config().SetSuspended(true)
+
+	// Notify all websocket clients that the server is being deleted.
+	// This is useful for two reasons, one to tell clients not to bother
+	// retrying to connect to the websocket.  And two, for transfers when
+	// the server has been successfully transferred to another node, and
+	// the client needs to switch to the new node.
+	if s.IsTransferring() {
+		s.Events().Publish(server.TransferStatusEvent, transfer.StatusCompleted)
+	}
+	s.Events().Publish(server.DeletedEvent, nil)
+
+	s.CleanupForDestroy()
+
+	// Remove any pending remote file downloads for the server.
+	for _, dl := range downloader.ByServer(s.ID()) {
+		dl.Cancel()
+	}
+
+	// Destroy the environment; in Docker this will handle a running container and
+	// forcibly terminate it before removing the container, so we do not need to handle
+	// that here.
+	if err := s.Environment.Destroy(); err != nil {
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Once the environment is terminated, remove the server files from the system. This is
+	// done in a separate process since failure is not the end of the world and can be
+	// manually cleaned up after the fact.
+	//
+	// In addition, servers with large amounts of files can take some time to finish deleting,
+	// so we don't want to block the HTTP call while waiting on this.
+	go func(s *server.Server) {
+		fs := s.Filesystem()
+		p := fs.Path()
+		_ = fs.UnixFS().Close()
+		if err := os.RemoveAll(p); err != nil {
+			log.WithFields(log.Fields{"path": p, "error": err}).Warn("failed to remove server files during deletion process")
+		}
+	}(s)
+
+	middleware.ExtractManager(c).Remove(func(server *server.Server) bool {
+		return server.ID() == s.ID()
+	})
+
+	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+// Adds any of the JTIs passed through in the body to the deny list for the websocket
+// preventing any JWT generated before the current time from being used to connect to
+// the socket or send along commands.
+func postServerDenyWSTokens(c *gin.Context) {
+	var data struct {
+		JTIs []string `json:"jtis"`
+	}
+
+	if err := c.BindJSON(&data); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	for _, jti := range data.JTIs {
+		tokens.DenyJTI(jti)
+	}
+
+	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}

router/router_server_backup.go

@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+package router
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/middleware"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server/backup"
+)
+
+// postServerBackup performs a backup against a given server instance using the
+// provided backup adapter.
+func postServerBackup(c *gin.Context) {
+	s := middleware.ExtractServer(c)
+	client := middleware.ExtractApiClient(c)
+	logger := middleware.ExtractLogger(c)
+	var data struct {
+		Adapter backup.AdapterType `json:"adapter"`
+		Uuid    string             `json:"uuid"`
+		Ignore  string             `json:"ignore"`
+	}
+	if err := c.BindJSON(&data); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	var adapter backup.BackupInterface
+	switch data.Adapter {
+	case backup.LocalBackupAdapter:
+		adapter = backup.NewLocal(client, data.Uuid, data.Ignore)
+	case backup.S3BackupAdapter:
+		adapter = backup.NewS3(client, data.Uuid, data.Ignore)
+	default:
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, errors.New("router/backups: provided adapter is not valid: "+string(data.Adapter)))
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Attach the server ID and the request ID to the adapter log context for easier
+	// parsing in the logs.
+	adapter.WithLogContext(map[string]interface{}{
+		"server":     s.ID(),
+		"request_id": c.GetString("request_id"),
+	})
+
+	go func(b backup.BackupInterface, s *server.Server, logger *log.Entry) {
+		if err := s.Backup(b); err != nil {
+			logger.WithField("error", errors.WithStackIf(err)).Error("router: failed to generate server backup")
+		}
+	}(adapter, s, logger)
+
+	c.Status(http.StatusAccepted)
+}
+
+// postServerRestoreBackup handles restoring a backup for a server by downloading
+// or finding the given backup on the system and then unpacking the archive into
+// the server's data directory. If the TruncateDirectory field is provided and
+// is true all of the files will be deleted for the server.
+//
+// This endpoint will block until the backup is fully restored allowing for a
+// spinner to be displayed in the Panel UI effectively.
+//
+// TODO: stop the server if it is running
+func postServerRestoreBackup(c *gin.Context) {
+	s := middleware.ExtractServer(c)
+	client := middleware.ExtractApiClient(c)
+	logger := middleware.ExtractLogger(c)
+
+	var data struct {
+		Adapter           backup.AdapterType `binding:"required,oneof=wings s3" json:"adapter"`
+		TruncateDirectory bool               `json:"truncate_directory"`
+		// A UUID is always required for this endpoint, however the download URL
+		// is only present when the given adapter type is s3.
+		DownloadUrl string `json:"download_url"`
+	}
+	if err := c.BindJSON(&data); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if data.Adapter == backup.S3BackupAdapter && data.DownloadUrl == "" {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "The download_url field is required when the backup adapter is set to S3."})
+		return
+	}
+
+	s.SetRestoring(true)
+	hasError := true
+	defer func() {
+		if !hasError {
+			return
+		}
+
+		s.SetRestoring(false)
+	}()
+
+	logger.Info("processing server backup restore request")
+	if data.TruncateDirectory {
+		logger.Info("received \"truncate_directory\" flag in request: deleting server files")
+		if err := s.Filesystem().TruncateRootDirectory(); err != nil {
+			middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Now that we've cleaned up the data directory if necessary, grab the backup file
+	// and attempt to restore it into the server directory.
+	if data.Adapter == backup.LocalBackupAdapter {
+		b, _, err := backup.LocateLocal(client, c.Param("backup"))
+		if err != nil {
+			middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+			return
+		}
+		go func(s *server.Server, b backup.BackupInterface, logger *log.Entry) {
+			logger.Info("starting restoration process for server backup using local driver")
+			if err := s.RestoreBackup(b, nil); err != nil {
+				logger.WithField("error", err).Error("failed to restore local backup to server")
+			}
+			s.Events().Publish(server.DaemonMessageEvent, "Completed server restoration from local backup.")
+			s.Events().Publish(server.BackupRestoreCompletedEvent, "")
+			logger.Info("completed server restoration from local backup")
+			s.SetRestoring(false)
+		}(s, b, logger)
+		hasError = false
+		c.Status(http.StatusAccepted)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Since this is not a local backup we need to stream the archive and then
+	// parse over the contents as we go in order to restore it to the server.
+	httpClient := http.Client{}
+	logger.Info("downloading backup from remote location...")
+	// TODO: this will hang if there is an issue. We can't use c.Request.Context() (or really any)
+	//  since it will be canceled when the request is closed which happens quickly since we push
+	//  this into the background.
+	//
+	// For now I'm just using the server context so at least the request is canceled if
+	// the server gets deleted.
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(s.Context(), http.MethodGet, data.DownloadUrl, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	res, err := httpClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	// Don't allow content types that we know are going to give us problems.
+	if res.Header.Get("Content-Type") == "" || !strings.Contains("application/x-gzip application/gzip", res.Header.Get("Content-Type")) {
+		_ = res.Body.Close()
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
+			"error": "The provided backup link is not a supported content type. \"" + res.Header.Get("Content-Type") + "\" is not application/x-gzip.",
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	go func(s *server.Server, uuid string, logger *log.Entry) {
+		logger.Info("starting restoration process for server backup using S3 driver")
+		if err := s.RestoreBackup(backup.NewS3(client, uuid, ""), res.Body); err != nil {
+			logger.WithField("error", errors.WithStack(err)).Error("failed to restore remote S3 backup to server")
+		}
+		s.Events().Publish(server.DaemonMessageEvent, "Completed server restoration from S3 backup.")
+		s.Events().Publish(server.BackupRestoreCompletedEvent, "")
+		logger.Info("completed server restoration from S3 backup")
+		s.SetRestoring(false)
+	}(s, c.Param("backup"), logger)
+
+	hasError = false
+	c.Status(http.StatusAccepted)
+}
+
+// deleteServerBackup deletes a local backup of a server. If the backup is not
+// found on the machine just return a 404 error. The service calling this
+// endpoint can make its own decisions as to how it wants to handle that
+// response.
+func deleteServerBackup(c *gin.Context) {
+	b, _, err := backup.LocateLocal(middleware.ExtractApiClient(c), c.Param("backup"))
+	if err != nil {
+		// Just return from the function at this point if the backup was not located.
+		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{
+				"error": "The requested backup was not found on this server.",
+			})
+			return
+		}
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	// I'm not entirely sure how likely this is to happen, however if we did manage to
+	// locate the backup previously and it is now missing when we go to delete, just
+	// treat it as having been successful, rather than returning a 404.
+	if err := b.Remove(); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}

router/router_server_files.go

@@ -0,0 +1,628 @@
+package router
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"mime/multipart"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/models"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/downloader"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/middleware"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/tokens"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server/filesystem"
+)
+
+// getServerFileContents returns the contents of a file on the server.
+func getServerFileContents(c *gin.Context) {
+	s := middleware.ExtractServer(c)
+	p := strings.TrimLeft(c.Query("file"), "/")
+	f, st, err := s.Filesystem().File(p)
+	if err != nil {
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+	// Don't allow a named pipe to be opened.
+	//
+	// @see https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/issues/4059
+	if st.Mode()&os.ModeNamedPipe != 0 {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
+			"error": "Cannot open files of this type.",
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.Header("X-Mime-Type", st.Mimetype)
+	c.Header("Content-Length", strconv.Itoa(int(st.Size())))
+	// If a download parameter is included in the URL go ahead and attach the necessary headers
+	// so that the file can be downloaded.
+	if c.Query("download") != "" {
+		c.Header("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename="+strconv.Quote(st.Name()))
+		c.Header("Content-Type", "application/octet-stream")
+	}
+	defer c.Writer.Flush()
+	// If you don't do a limited reader here you will trigger a panic on write when
+	// a different server process writes content to the file after you've already
+	// determined the file size. This could lead to some weird content output but
+	// it would technically be accurate based on the content at the time of the request.
+	//
+	// "http: wrote more than the declared Content-Length"
+	//
+	// @see https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/issues/3131
+	r := io.LimitReader(f, st.Size())
+	if _, err = bufio.NewReader(r).WriteTo(c.Writer); err != nil {
+		// Pretty sure this will unleash chaos on the response, but its a risk we can
+		// take since a panic will at least be recovered and this should be incredibly
+		// rare?
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+}
+
+// Returns the contents of a directory for a server.
+func getServerListDirectory(c *gin.Context) {
+	s := ExtractServer(c)
+	dir := c.Query("directory")
+	if stats, err := s.Filesystem().ListDirectory(dir); err != nil {
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+	} else {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, stats)
+	}
+}
+
+type renameFile struct {
+	To   string `json:"to"`
+	From string `json:"from"`
+}
+
+// Renames (or moves) files for a server.
+func putServerRenameFiles(c *gin.Context) {
+	s := ExtractServer(c)
+
+	var data struct {
+		Root  string       `json:"root"`
+		Files []renameFile `json:"files"`
+	}
+	// BindJSON sends 400 if the request fails, all we need to do is return
+	if err := c.BindJSON(&data); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if len(data.Files) == 0 {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusUnprocessableEntity, gin.H{
+			"error": "No files to move or rename were provided.",
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	g, ctx := errgroup.WithContext(c.Request.Context())
+	// Loop over the array of files passed in and perform the move or rename action against each.
+	for _, p := range data.Files {
+		pf := path.Join(data.Root, p.From)
+		pt := path.Join(data.Root, p.To)
+
+		g.Go(func() error {
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return ctx.Err()
+			default:
+				fs := s.Filesystem()
+				// Ignore renames on a file that is on the denylist (both as the rename from or
+				// the rename to value).
+				if err := fs.IsIgnored(pf, pt); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				if err := fs.Rename(pf, pt); err != nil {
+					// Return nil if the error is an is not exists.
+					if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+						s.Log().WithField("error", err).
+							WithField("from_path", pf).
+							WithField("to_path", pt).
+							Warn("failed to rename: source or target does not exist")
+						return nil
+					}
+					return err
+				}
+				return nil
+			}
+		})
+	}
+
+	if err := g.Wait(); err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrExist) {
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
+				"error": "Cannot move or rename file, destination already exists.",
+			})
+			return
+		}
+
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+// Copies a server file.
+func postServerCopyFile(c *gin.Context) {
+	s := ExtractServer(c)
+
+	var data struct {
+		Location string `json:"location"`
+	}
+	// BindJSON sends 400 if the request fails, all we need to do is return
+	if err := c.BindJSON(&data); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := s.Filesystem().IsIgnored(data.Location); err != nil {
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	if err := s.Filesystem().Copy(data.Location); err != nil {
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+// Deletes files from a server.
+func postServerDeleteFiles(c *gin.Context) {
+	s := ExtractServer(c)
+
+	var data struct {
+		Root  string   `json:"root"`
+		Files []string `json:"files"`
+	}
+
+	if err := c.BindJSON(&data); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if len(data.Files) == 0 {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusUnprocessableEntity, gin.H{
+			"error": "No files were specified for deletion.",
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	g, ctx := errgroup.WithContext(context.Background())
+
+	// Loop over the array of files passed in and delete them. If any of the file deletions
+	// fail just abort the process entirely.
+	for _, p := range data.Files {
+		pi := path.Join(data.Root, p)
+
+		g.Go(func() error {
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return ctx.Err()
+			default:
+				return s.Filesystem().Delete(pi)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+
+	if err := g.Wait(); err != nil {
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+// Writes the contents of the request to a file on a server.
+func postServerWriteFile(c *gin.Context) {
+	s := ExtractServer(c)
+
+	f := c.Query("file")
+	f = "/" + strings.TrimLeft(f, "/")
+
+	if err := s.Filesystem().IsIgnored(f); err != nil {
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if c.Request.ContentLength < 1 {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
+			"error": "Missing Content-Length",
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := s.Filesystem().Write(f, c.Request.Body, c.Request.ContentLength, 0o644); err != nil {
+		if filesystem.IsErrorCode(err, filesystem.ErrCodeIsDirectory) {
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
+				"error": "Cannot write file, name conflicts with an existing directory by the same name.",
+			})
+			return
+		}
+
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+// Returns all of the currently in-progress file downloads and their current download
+// progress. The progress is also pushed out via a websocket event allowing you to just
+// call this once to get current downloads, and then listen to targeted websocket events
+// with the current progress for everything.
+func getServerPullingFiles(c *gin.Context) {
+	s := ExtractServer(c)
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
+		"downloads": downloader.ByServer(s.ID()),
+	})
+}
+
+// Writes the contents of the remote URL to a file on a server.
+func postServerPullRemoteFile(c *gin.Context) {
+	s := ExtractServer(c)
+	var data struct {
+		// Deprecated
+		Directory  string `binding:"required_without=RootPath,omitempty" json:"directory"`
+		RootPath   string `binding:"required_without=Directory,omitempty" json:"root"`
+		URL        string `binding:"required" json:"url"`
+		FileName   string `json:"file_name"`
+		UseHeader  bool   `json:"use_header"`
+		Foreground bool   `json:"foreground"`
+	}
+	if err := c.BindJSON(&data); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Handle the deprecated Directory field in the struct until it is removed.
+	if data.Directory != "" && data.RootPath == "" {
+		data.RootPath = data.Directory
+	}
+
+	u, err := url.Parse(data.URL)
+	if err != nil {
+		if e, ok := err.(*url.Error); ok {
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
+				"error": "An error occurred while parsing that URL: " + e.Err.Error(),
+			})
+			return
+		}
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := s.Filesystem().HasSpaceErr(true); err != nil {
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	// Do not allow more than three simultaneous remote file downloads at one time.
+	if len(downloader.ByServer(s.ID())) >= 3 {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
+			"error": "This server has reached its limit of 3 simultaneous remote file downloads at once. Please wait for one to complete before trying again.",
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	dl := downloader.New(s, downloader.DownloadRequest{
+		Directory: data.RootPath,
+		URL:       u,
+		FileName:  data.FileName,
+		UseHeader: data.UseHeader,
+	})
+
+	download := func() error {
+		s.Log().WithField("download_id", dl.Identifier).WithField("url", u.String()).Info("starting pull of remote file to disk")
+		if err := dl.Execute(); err != nil {
+			s.Log().WithField("download_id", dl.Identifier).WithField("error", err).Error("failed to pull remote file")
+			return err
+		} else {
+			s.Log().WithField("download_id", dl.Identifier).Info("completed pull of remote file")
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	if !data.Foreground {
+		go func() {
+			_ = download()
+		}()
+		c.JSON(http.StatusAccepted, gin.H{
+			"identifier": dl.Identifier,
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := download(); err != nil {
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	st, err := s.Filesystem().Stat(dl.Path())
+	if err != nil {
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, &st)
+}
+
+// Stops a remote file download if it exists and belongs to this server.
+func deleteServerPullRemoteFile(c *gin.Context) {
+	s := ExtractServer(c)
+	if dl := downloader.ByID(c.Param("download")); dl != nil && dl.BelongsTo(s) {
+		dl.Cancel()
+	}
+	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+// Create a directory on a server.
+func postServerCreateDirectory(c *gin.Context) {
+	s := ExtractServer(c)
+
+	var data struct {
+		Name string `json:"name"`
+		Path string `json:"path"`
+	}
+	// BindJSON sends 400 if the request fails, all we need to do is return
+	if err := c.BindJSON(&data); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := s.Filesystem().CreateDirectory(data.Name, data.Path); err != nil {
+		if err.Error() == "not a directory" {
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
+				"error": "Part of the path being created is not a directory (ENOTDIR).",
+			})
+			return
+		}
+
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+func postServerCompressFiles(c *gin.Context) {
+	s := ExtractServer(c)
+
+	var data struct {
+		RootPath string   `json:"root"`
+		Files    []string `json:"files"`
+	}
+
+	if err := c.BindJSON(&data); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if len(data.Files) == 0 {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusUnprocessableEntity, gin.H{
+			"error": "No files were passed through to be compressed.",
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	if !s.Filesystem().HasSpaceAvailable(true) {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusConflict, gin.H{
+			"error": "This server does not have enough available disk space to generate a compressed archive.",
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	f, err := s.Filesystem().CompressFiles(data.RootPath, data.Files)
+	if err != nil {
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, &filesystem.Stat{
+		FileInfo: f,
+		Mimetype: "application/tar+gzip",
+	})
+}
+
+// postServerDecompressFiles receives the HTTP request and starts the process
+// of unpacking an archive that exists on the server into the provided RootPath
+// for the server.
+func postServerDecompressFiles(c *gin.Context) {
+	var data struct {
+		RootPath string `json:"root"`
+		File     string `json:"file"`
+	}
+	if err := c.BindJSON(&data); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	s := middleware.ExtractServer(c)
+	lg := middleware.ExtractLogger(c).WithFields(log.Fields{"root_path": data.RootPath, "file": data.File})
+	lg.Debug("checking if space is available for file decompression")
+	err := s.Filesystem().SpaceAvailableForDecompression(context.Background(), data.RootPath, data.File)
+	if err != nil {
+		if filesystem.IsErrorCode(err, filesystem.ErrCodeUnknownArchive) {
+			lg.WithField("error", err).Warn("failed to decompress file: unknown archive format")
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "The archive provided is in a format Wings does not understand."})
+			return
+		}
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	lg.Info("starting file decompression")
+	if err := s.Filesystem().DecompressFile(context.Background(), data.RootPath, data.File); err != nil {
+		// If the file is busy for some reason just return a nicer error to the user since there is not
+		// much we specifically can do. They'll need to stop the running server process in order to overwrite
+		// a file like this.
+		if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "text file busy") {
+			lg.WithField("error", errors.WithStackIf(err)).Warn("failed to decompress file: text file busy")
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
+				"error": "One or more files this archive is attempting to overwrite are currently in use by another process. Please try again.",
+			})
+			return
+		}
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+type chmodFile struct {
+	File string `json:"file"`
+	Mode string `json:"mode"`
+}
+
+var errInvalidFileMode = errors.New("invalid file mode")
+
+func postServerChmodFile(c *gin.Context) {
+	s := ExtractServer(c)
+
+	var data struct {
+		Root  string      `json:"root"`
+		Files []chmodFile `json:"files"`
+	}
+
+	if err := c.BindJSON(&data); err != nil {
+		log.Debug(err.Error())
+		return
+	}
+
+	if len(data.Files) == 0 {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusUnprocessableEntity, gin.H{
+			"error": "No files to chmod were provided.",
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	g, ctx := errgroup.WithContext(context.Background())
+
+	// Loop over the array of files passed in and perform the move or rename action against each.
+	for _, p := range data.Files {
+		g.Go(func() error {
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return ctx.Err()
+			default:
+				mode, err := strconv.ParseUint(p.Mode, 8, 32)
+				if err != nil {
+					return errInvalidFileMode
+				}
+
+				if err := s.Filesystem().Chmod(path.Join(data.Root, p.File), os.FileMode(mode)); err != nil {
+					// Return nil if the error is an is not exists.
+					// NOTE: os.IsNotExist() does not work if the error is wrapped.
+					if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+						return nil
+					}
+
+					return err
+				}
+
+				return nil
+			}
+		})
+	}
+
+	if err := g.Wait(); err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, errInvalidFileMode) {
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
+				"error": "Invalid file mode.",
+			})
+			return
+		}
+
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+func postServerUploadFiles(c *gin.Context) {
+	manager := middleware.ExtractManager(c)
+
+	token := tokens.UploadPayload{}
+	if err := tokens.ParseToken([]byte(c.Query("token")), &token); err != nil {
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	s, ok := manager.Get(token.ServerUuid)
+	if !ok || !token.IsUniqueRequest() {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{
+			"error": "The requested resource was not found on this server.",
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	form, err := c.MultipartForm()
+	if err != nil {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
+			"error": "Failed to get multipart form data from request.",
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	headers, ok := form.File["files"]
+	if !ok {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
+			"error": "No files were found on the request body.",
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	directory := c.Query("directory")
+
+	maxFileSize := config.Get().Api.UploadLimit
+	maxFileSizeBytes := maxFileSize * 1024 * 1024
+	var totalSize int64
+	for _, header := range headers {
+		if header.Size > maxFileSizeBytes {
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
+				"error": "File " + header.Filename + " is larger than the maximum file upload size of " + strconv.FormatInt(maxFileSize, 10) + " MB.",
+			})
+			return
+		}
+		totalSize += header.Size
+	}
+
+	for _, header := range headers {
+		// We run this in a different method so I can use defer without any of
+		// the consequences caused by calling it in a loop.
+		if err := handleFileUpload(filepath.Join(directory, header.Filename), s, header); err != nil {
+			middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+			return
+		} else {
+			s.SaveActivity(s.NewRequestActivity(token.UserUuid, c.ClientIP()), server.ActivityFileUploaded, models.ActivityMeta{
+				"file":      header.Filename,
+				"directory": filepath.Clean(directory),
+			})
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func handleFileUpload(p string, s *server.Server, header *multipart.FileHeader) error {
+	file, err := header.Open()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer file.Close()
+
+	if err := s.Filesystem().IsIgnored(p); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := s.Filesystem().Write(p, file, header.Size, 0o644); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}

router/router_server_transfer.go

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+package router
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/environment"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/middleware"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server/installer"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server/transfer"
+)
+
+// Data passed over to initiate a server transfer.
+type serverTransferRequest struct {
+	URL    string                  `binding:"required" json:"url"`
+	Token  string                  `binding:"required" json:"token"`
+	Server installer.ServerDetails `json:"server"`
+}
+
+// postServerTransfer handles the start of a transfer for a server.
+func postServerTransfer(c *gin.Context) {
+	var data serverTransferRequest
+	if err := c.BindJSON(&data); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	s := ExtractServer(c)
+
+	// Check if the server is already being transferred.
+	// There will be another endpoint for resetting this value either by deleting the
+	// server, or by canceling the transfer.
+	if s.IsTransferring() {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusConflict, gin.H{
+			"error": "A transfer is already in progress for this server.",
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	manager := middleware.ExtractManager(c)
+
+	notifyPanelOfFailure := func() {
+		if err := manager.Client().SetTransferStatus(context.Background(), s.ID(), false); err != nil {
+			s.Log().WithField("subsystem", "transfer").
+				WithField("status", false).
+				WithError(err).
+				Error("failed to set transfer status")
+		}
+
+		s.Events().Publish(server.TransferStatusEvent, "failure")
+		s.SetTransferring(false)
+	}
+
+	// Block the server from starting while we are transferring it.
+	s.SetTransferring(true)
+
+	// Ensure the server is offline. Sometimes a "No such container" error gets through
+	// which means the server is already stopped. We can ignore that.
+	if s.Environment.State() != environment.ProcessOfflineState {
+		if err := s.Environment.WaitForStop(
+			s.Context(),
+			time.Second*15,
+			false,
+		); err != nil && !strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(err.Error()), "no such container") {
+			s.SetTransferring(false)
+			middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to stop server for transfer"))
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Create a new transfer instance for this server.
+	trnsfr := transfer.New(context.Background(), s)
+	transfer.Outgoing().Add(trnsfr)
+
+	go func() {
+		defer transfer.Outgoing().Remove(trnsfr)
+
+		if _, err := trnsfr.PushArchiveToTarget(data.URL, data.Token); err != nil {
+			notifyPanelOfFailure()
+
+			if err == context.Canceled {
+				trnsfr.Log().Debug("canceled")
+				trnsfr.SendMessage("Canceled.")
+				return
+			}
+
+			trnsfr.Log().WithError(err).Error("failed to push archive to target")
+			return
+		}
+
+		// DO NOT NOTIFY THE PANEL OF SUCCESS HERE. The only node that should send
+		// a success status is the destination node.  When we send a failure status,
+		// the panel will automatically cancel the transfer and attempt to reset
+		// the server state on the destination node, we just need to make sure
+		// we clean up our statuses for failure.
+
+		trnsfr.Log().Debug("transfer complete")
+	}()
+
+	c.Status(http.StatusAccepted)
+}
+
+// deleteServerTransfer cancels an outgoing transfer for a server.
+func deleteServerTransfer(c *gin.Context) {
+	s := ExtractServer(c)
+
+	if !s.IsTransferring() {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusConflict, gin.H{
+			"error": "Server is not currently being transferred.",
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	trnsfr := transfer.Outgoing().Get(s.ID())
+	if trnsfr == nil {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusConflict, gin.H{
+			"error": "Server is not currently being transferred.",
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	trnsfr.Cancel()
+
+	c.Status(http.StatusAccepted)
+}

router/router_server_ws.go

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+package router
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
+	ws "github.com/gorilla/websocket"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/middleware"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/websocket"
+)
+
+var expectedCloseCodes = []int{
+	ws.CloseGoingAway,
+	ws.CloseAbnormalClosure,
+	ws.CloseNormalClosure,
+	ws.CloseNoStatusReceived,
+	ws.CloseServiceRestart,
+}
+
+// Upgrades a connection to a websocket and passes events along between.
+func getServerWebsocket(c *gin.Context) {
+	manager := middleware.ExtractManager(c)
+	s, _ := manager.Get(c.Param("server"))
+
+	// Create a context that can be canceled when the user disconnects from this
+	// socket that will also cancel listeners running in separate threads. If the
+	// connection itself is terminated listeners using this context will also be
+	// closed.
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(c.Request.Context())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	handler, err := websocket.GetHandler(s, c.Writer, c.Request, c)
+	if err != nil {
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	defer handler.Connection.Close()
+
+	// Track this open connection on the server so that we can close them all programmatically
+	// if the server is deleted.
+	s.Websockets().Push(handler.Uuid(), &cancel)
+	handler.Logger().Debug("opening connection to server websocket")
+
+	defer func() {
+		s.Websockets().Remove(handler.Uuid())
+		handler.Logger().Debug("closing connection to server websocket")
+	}()
+
+	// If the server is deleted we need to send a close message to the connected client
+	// so that they disconnect since there will be no more events sent along. Listen for
+	// the request context being closed to break this loop, otherwise this routine will
+	// be left hanging in the background.
+	go func() {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			break
+		case <-s.Context().Done():
+			_ = handler.Connection.WriteControl(ws.CloseMessage, ws.FormatCloseMessage(ws.CloseGoingAway, "server deleted"), time.Now().Add(time.Second*5))
+			break
+		}
+	}()
+
+	for {
+		j := websocket.Message{}
+
+		_, p, err := handler.Connection.ReadMessage()
+		if err != nil {
+			if ws.IsUnexpectedCloseError(err, expectedCloseCodes...) {
+				handler.Logger().WithField("error", err).Warn("error handling websocket message for server")
+			}
+			break
+		}
+
+		// Discard and JSON parse errors into the void and don't continue processing this
+		// specific socket request. If we did a break here the client would get disconnected
+		// from the socket, which is NOT what we want to do.
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(p, &j); err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		go func(msg websocket.Message) {
+			if err := handler.HandleInbound(ctx, msg); err != nil {
+				_ = handler.SendErrorJson(msg, err)
+			}
+		}(j)
+	}
+}

router/router_system.go

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+package router
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/middleware"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server/installer"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
+)
+
+// Returns information about the system that wings is running on.
+func getSystemInformation(c *gin.Context) {
+	i, err := system.GetSystemInformation()
+	if err != nil {
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if c.Query("v") == "2" {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, i)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, struct {
+		Architecture  string `json:"architecture"`
+		CPUCount      int    `json:"cpu_count"`
+		KernelVersion string `json:"kernel_version"`
+		OS            string `json:"os"`
+		Version       string `json:"version"`
+	}{
+		Architecture:  i.System.Architecture,
+		CPUCount:      i.System.CPUThreads,
+		KernelVersion: i.System.KernelVersion,
+		OS:            i.System.OSType,
+		Version:       i.Version,
+	})
+}
+
+// Returns all the servers that are registered and configured correctly on
+// this wings instance.
+func getAllServers(c *gin.Context) {
+	servers := middleware.ExtractManager(c).All()
+	out := make([]server.APIResponse, len(servers), len(servers))
+	for i, v := range servers {
+		out[i] = v.ToAPIResponse()
+	}
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, out)
+}
+
+// Creates a new server on the wings daemon and begins the installation process
+// for it.
+func postCreateServer(c *gin.Context) {
+	manager := middleware.ExtractManager(c)
+
+	details := installer.ServerDetails{}
+	if err := c.BindJSON(&details); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	install, err := installer.New(c.Request.Context(), manager, details)
+	if err != nil {
+		if installer.IsValidationError(err) {
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusUnprocessableEntity, gin.H{
+				"error": "The data provided in the request could not be validated.",
+			})
+			return
+		}
+
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Plop that server instance onto the request so that it can be referenced in
+	// requests from here-on out.
+	manager.Add(install.Server())
+
+	// Begin the installation process in the background to not block the request
+	// cycle. If there are any errors they will be logged and communicated back
+	// to the Panel where a reinstall may take place.
+	go func(i *installer.Installer) {
+		if err := i.Server().CreateEnvironment(); err != nil {
+			i.Server().Log().WithField("error", err).Error("failed to create server environment during install process")
+			return
+		}
+
+		if err := i.Server().Install(); err != nil {
+			log.WithFields(log.Fields{"server": i.Server().ID(), "error": err}).Error("failed to run install process for server")
+			return
+		}
+
+		if i.StartOnCompletion {
+			log.WithField("server_id", i.Server().ID()).Debug("starting server after successful installation")
+			if err := i.Server().HandlePowerAction(server.PowerActionStart, 30); err != nil {
+				if errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+					log.WithFields(log.Fields{"server_id": i.Server().ID(), "action": "start"}).Warn("could not acquire a lock while attempting to perform a power action")
+				} else {
+					log.WithFields(log.Fields{"server_id": i.Server().ID(), "action": "start", "error": err}).Error("encountered error processing a server power action in the background")
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			log.WithField("server_id", i.Server().ID()).Debug("skipping automatic start after successful server installation")
+		}
+	}(install)
+
+	c.Status(http.StatusAccepted)
+}
+
+type postUpdateConfigurationResponse struct {
+	Applied bool `json:"applied"`
+}
+
+// Updates the running configuration for this Wings instance.
+func postUpdateConfiguration(c *gin.Context) {
+	cfg := config.Get()
+
+	if cfg.IgnorePanelConfigUpdates {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, postUpdateConfigurationResponse{
+			Applied: false,
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := c.BindJSON(&cfg); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Keep the SSL certificates the same since the Panel will send through Lets Encrypt
+	// default locations. However, if we picked a different location manually we don't
+	// want to override that.
+	//
+	// If you pass through manual locations in the API call this logic will be skipped.
+	if strings.HasPrefix(cfg.Api.Ssl.KeyFile, "/etc/letsencrypt/live/") {
+		cfg.Api.Ssl.KeyFile = config.Get().Api.Ssl.KeyFile
+		cfg.Api.Ssl.CertificateFile = config.Get().Api.Ssl.CertificateFile
+	}
+
+	// Try to write this new configuration to the disk before updating our global
+	// state with it.
+	if err := config.WriteToDisk(cfg); err != nil {
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	// Since we wrote it to the disk successfully now update the global configuration
+	// state to use this new configuration struct.
+	config.Set(cfg)
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, postUpdateConfigurationResponse{
+		Applied: true,
+	})
+}

router/router_transfer.go

@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+package router
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"mime"
+	"mime/multipart"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/middleware"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/tokens"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server/installer"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server/transfer"
+)
+
+// postTransfers .
+func postTransfers(c *gin.Context) {
+	auth := strings.SplitN(c.GetHeader("Authorization"), " ", 2)
+	if len(auth) != 2 || auth[0] != "Bearer" {
+		c.Header("WWW-Authenticate", "Bearer")
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{
+			"error": "The required authorization heads were not present in the request.",
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	token := tokens.TransferPayload{}
+	if err := tokens.ParseToken([]byte(auth[1]), &token); err != nil {
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	manager := middleware.ExtractManager(c)
+	u, err := uuid.Parse(token.Subject)
+	if err != nil {
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Get or create a new transfer instance for this server.
+	var (
+		ctx    context.Context
+		cancel context.CancelFunc
+	)
+	trnsfr := transfer.Incoming().Get(u.String())
+	if trnsfr == nil {
+		// TODO: should this use the request context?
+		trnsfr = transfer.New(c, nil)
+
+		ctx, cancel = context.WithCancel(trnsfr.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+
+		i, err := installer.New(ctx, manager, installer.ServerDetails{
+			UUID:              u.String(),
+			StartOnCompletion: false,
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			if err := manager.Client().SetTransferStatus(context.Background(), trnsfr.Server.ID(), false); err != nil {
+				trnsfr.Log().WithField("status", false).WithError(err).Error("failed to set transfer status")
+			}
+			middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+			return
+		}
+
+		i.Server().SetTransferring(true)
+		manager.Add(i.Server())
+
+		// We add the transfer to the list of transfers once we have a server instance to use.
+		trnsfr.Server = i.Server()
+		transfer.Incoming().Add(trnsfr)
+	} else {
+		ctx, cancel = context.WithCancel(trnsfr.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+	}
+
+	// Any errors past this point (until the transfer is complete) will abort
+	// the transfer.
+
+	successful := false
+	defer func(ctx context.Context, trnsfr *transfer.Transfer) {
+		// Remove the transfer from the list of incoming transfers.
+		transfer.Incoming().Remove(trnsfr)
+
+		if !successful {
+			trnsfr.Server.Events().Publish(server.TransferStatusEvent, "failure")
+			manager.Remove(func(match *server.Server) bool {
+				return match.ID() == trnsfr.Server.ID()
+			})
+		}
+
+		if err := manager.Client().SetTransferStatus(context.Background(), trnsfr.Server.ID(), successful); err != nil {
+			// Only delete the files if the transfer actually failed, otherwise we could have
+			// unrecoverable data-loss.
+			if !successful && err != nil {
+				// Delete all extracted files.
+				go func(trnsfr *transfer.Transfer) {
+					_ = trnsfr.Server.Filesystem().UnixFS().Close()
+					if err := os.RemoveAll(trnsfr.Server.Filesystem().Path()); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+						trnsfr.Log().WithError(err).Warn("failed to delete local server files")
+					}
+				}(trnsfr)
+			}
+
+			trnsfr.Log().WithField("status", successful).WithError(err).Error("failed to set transfer status on panel")
+			return
+		}
+
+		trnsfr.Server.SetTransferring(false)
+		trnsfr.Server.Events().Publish(server.TransferStatusEvent, "success")
+	}(ctx, trnsfr)
+
+	mediaType, params, err := mime.ParseMediaType(c.GetHeader("Content-Type"))
+	if err != nil {
+		trnsfr.Log().Debug("failed to parse content type header")
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(mediaType, "multipart/") {
+		trnsfr.Log().Debug("invalid content type")
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, fmt.Errorf("invalid content type \"%s\", expected \"multipart/form-data\"", mediaType))
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Used to calculate the hash of the file as it is being uploaded.
+	h := sha256.New()
+
+	// Used to read the file and checksum from the request body.
+	mr := multipart.NewReader(c.Request.Body, params["boundary"])
+
+	// Loop through the parts of the request body and process them.
+	var (
+		hasArchive       bool
+		hasChecksum      bool
+		checksumVerified bool
+	)
+out:
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			break out
+		default:
+			p, err := mr.NextPart()
+			if err == io.EOF {
+				break out
+			}
+			if err != nil {
+				middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+				return
+			}
+
+			name := p.FormName()
+			switch name {
+			case "archive":
+				trnsfr.Log().Debug("received archive")
+
+				if err := trnsfr.Server.EnsureDataDirectoryExists(); err != nil {
+					middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+					return
+				}
+
+				tee := io.TeeReader(p, h)
+				if err := trnsfr.Server.Filesystem().ExtractStreamUnsafe(ctx, "/", tee); err != nil {
+					middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+					return
+				}
+
+				hasArchive = true
+			case "checksum":
+				trnsfr.Log().Debug("received checksum")
+
+				if !hasArchive {
+					middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, errors.New("archive must be sent before the checksum"))
+					return
+				}
+
+				hasChecksum = true
+
+				v, err := io.ReadAll(p)
+				if err != nil {
+					middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+					return
+				}
+
+				expected := make([]byte, hex.DecodedLen(len(v)))
+				n, err := hex.Decode(expected, v)
+				if err != nil {
+					middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+					return
+				}
+				actual := h.Sum(nil)
+
+				trnsfr.Log().WithFields(log.Fields{
+					"expected": hex.EncodeToString(expected),
+					"actual":   hex.EncodeToString(actual),
+				}).Debug("checksums")
+
+				if !bytes.Equal(expected[:n], actual) {
+					middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, errors.New("checksums don't match"))
+					return
+				}
+
+				trnsfr.Log().Debug("checksums match")
+				checksumVerified = true
+			default:
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if !hasArchive || !hasChecksum {
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, errors.New("missing archive or checksum"))
+		return
+	}
+
+	if !checksumVerified {
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, errors.New("checksums don't match"))
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Transfer is almost complete, we just want to ensure the environment is
+	// configured correctly.  We might want to not fail the transfer at this
+	// stage, but we will just to be safe.
+
+	// Ensure the server environment gets configured.
+	if err := trnsfr.Server.CreateEnvironment(); err != nil {
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Changing this causes us to notify the panel about a successful transfer,
+	// rather than failing the transfer like we do by default.
+	successful = true
+
+	// The rest of the logic for ensuring the server is unlocked and everything
+	// is handled in the deferred function above.
+	trnsfr.Log().Debug("done!")
+}
+
+// deleteTransfer cancels an incoming transfer for a server.
+func deleteTransfer(c *gin.Context) {
+	s := ExtractServer(c)
+
+	if !s.IsTransferring() {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusConflict, gin.H{
+			"error": "Server is not currently being transferred.",
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	trnsfr := transfer.Incoming().Get(s.ID())
+	if trnsfr == nil {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusConflict, gin.H{
+			"error": "Server is not currently being transferred.",
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	trnsfr.Cancel()
+
+	c.Status(http.StatusAccepted)
+}

router/tokens/backup.go

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package tokens
+
+import (
+	"github.com/gbrlsnchs/jwt/v3"
+)
+
+type BackupPayload struct {
+	jwt.Payload
+
+	ServerUuid string `json:"server_uuid"`
+	BackupUuid string `json:"backup_uuid"`
+	UniqueId   string `json:"unique_id"`
+}
+
+// Returns the JWT payload.
+func (p *BackupPayload) GetPayload() *jwt.Payload {
+	return &p.Payload
+}
+
+// Determines if this JWT is valid for the given request cycle. If the
+// unique ID passed in the token has already been seen before this will
+// return false. This allows us to use this JWT as a one-time token that
+// validates all of the request.
+func (p *BackupPayload) IsUniqueRequest() bool {
+	return getTokenStore().IsValidToken(p.UniqueId)
+}

router/tokens/file.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package tokens
+
+import (
+	"github.com/gbrlsnchs/jwt/v3"
+)
+
+type FilePayload struct {
+	jwt.Payload
+	FilePath   string `json:"file_path"`
+	ServerUuid string `json:"server_uuid"`
+	UniqueId   string `json:"unique_id"`
+}
+
+// Returns the JWT payload.
+func (p *FilePayload) GetPayload() *jwt.Payload {
+	return &p.Payload
+}
+
+// Determines if this JWT is valid for the given request cycle. If the
+// unique ID passed in the token has already been seen before this will
+// return false. This allows us to use this JWT as a one-time token that
+// validates all of the request.
+func (p *FilePayload) IsUniqueRequest() bool {
+	return getTokenStore().IsValidToken(p.UniqueId)
+}

router/tokens/parser.go

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package tokens
+
+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/gbrlsnchs/jwt/v3"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+)
+
+type TokenData interface {
+	GetPayload() *jwt.Payload
+}
+
+// Validates the provided JWT against the known secret for the Daemon and returns the
+// parsed data. This function DOES NOT validate that the token is valid for the connected
+// server, nor does it ensure that the user providing the token is able to actually do things.
+//
+// This simply returns a parsed token.
+func ParseToken(token []byte, data TokenData) error {
+	verifyOptions := jwt.ValidatePayload(
+		data.GetPayload(),
+		jwt.ExpirationTimeValidator(time.Now()),
+	)
+
+	_, err := jwt.Verify(token, config.GetJwtAlgorithm(), &data, verifyOptions)
+
+	return err
+}

router/tokens/token_store.go

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package tokens
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/patrickmn/go-cache"
+)
+
+type TokenStore struct {
+	sync.Mutex
+	cache *cache.Cache
+}
+
+var _tokens *TokenStore
+
+// Returns the global unique token store cache. This is used to validate
+// one time token usage by storing any received tokens in a local memory
+// cache until they are ready to expire.
+func getTokenStore() *TokenStore {
+	if _tokens == nil {
+		_tokens = &TokenStore{
+			cache: cache.New(time.Minute*60, time.Minute*5),
+		}
+	}
+
+	return _tokens
+}
+
+// Checks if a token is valid or not.
+func (t *TokenStore) IsValidToken(token string) bool {
+	t.Lock()
+	defer t.Unlock()
+
+	_, exists := t.cache.Get(token)
+
+	if !exists {
+		t.cache.Add(token, "", time.Minute*60)
+	}
+
+	return !exists
+}

router/tokens/transfer.go

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package tokens
+
+import (
+	"github.com/gbrlsnchs/jwt/v3"
+)
+
+type TransferPayload struct {
+	jwt.Payload
+}
+
+// GetPayload returns the JWT payload.
+func (p *TransferPayload) GetPayload() *jwt.Payload {
+	return &p.Payload
+}

router/tokens/upload.go

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package tokens
+
+import (
+	"github.com/gbrlsnchs/jwt/v3"
+)
+
+type UploadPayload struct {
+	jwt.Payload
+
+	ServerUuid string `json:"server_uuid"`
+	UserUuid   string `json:"user_uuid"`
+	UniqueId   string `json:"unique_id"`
+}
+
+// Returns the JWT payload.
+func (p *UploadPayload) GetPayload() *jwt.Payload {
+	return &p.Payload
+}
+
+// Determines if this JWT is valid for the given request cycle. If the
+// unique ID passed in the token has already been seen before this will
+// return false. This allows us to use this JWT as a one-time token that
+// validates all of the request.
+func (p *UploadPayload) IsUniqueRequest() bool {
+	return getTokenStore().IsValidToken(p.UniqueId)
+}

router/tokens/websocket.go

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+package tokens
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/gbrlsnchs/jwt/v3"
+)
+
+// The time at which Wings was booted. No JWT's created before this time are allowed to
+// connect to the socket since they may have been marked as denied already and therefore
+// could be invalid at this point.
+//
+// By doing this we make it so that a user who gets disconnected from Wings due to a Wings
+// reboot just needs to request a new token as if their old token had expired naturally.
+var wingsBootTime = time.Now()
+
+// A map that contains any JTI's that have been denied by the Panel and the time at which
+// they were marked as denied. Therefore any JWT with the same JTI and an IssuedTime that
+// is the same as or before this time should be considered invalid.
+//
+// This is used to allow the Panel to revoke tokens en-masse for a given user & server
+// combination since the JTI for tokens is just MD5(user.id + server.uuid). When a server
+// is booted this listing is fetched from the panel and the Websocket is dynamically updated.
+var denylist sync.Map
+
+// Adds a JTI to the denylist by marking any JWTs generated before the current time as
+// being invalid if they use the same JTI.
+func DenyJTI(jti string) {
+	log.WithField("jti", jti).Debugf("adding \"%s\" to JTI denylist", jti)
+
+	denylist.Store(jti, time.Now())
+}
+
+// WebsocketPayload defines the JWT payload for a websocket connection. This JWT is passed along to
+// the websocket after it has been connected to by sending an "auth" event.
+type WebsocketPayload struct {
+	jwt.Payload
+	sync.RWMutex
+
+	UserUUID    string   `json:"user_uuid"`
+	ServerUUID  string   `json:"server_uuid"`
+	Permissions []string `json:"permissions"`
+}
+
+// Returns the JWT payload.
+func (p *WebsocketPayload) GetPayload() *jwt.Payload {
+	p.RLock()
+	defer p.RUnlock()
+
+	return &p.Payload
+}
+
+// Returns the UUID of the server associated with this JWT.
+func (p *WebsocketPayload) GetServerUuid() string {
+	p.RLock()
+	defer p.RUnlock()
+
+	return p.ServerUUID
+}
+
+// Check if the JWT has been marked as denied by the instance due to either being issued
+// before Wings was booted, or because we have denied all tokens with the same JTI
+// occurring before a set time.
+func (p *WebsocketPayload) Denylisted() bool {
+	// If there is no IssuedAt present for the token, we cannot validate the token so
+	// just immediately mark it as not valid.
+	if p.IssuedAt == nil {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	// If the time that the token was issued is before the time at which Wings was booted
+	// then the token is invalid for our purposes, even if the token "has permission".
+	if p.IssuedAt.Time.Before(wingsBootTime) {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	// Finally, if the token was issued before a time that is currently denied for this
+	// token instance, ignore the permissions response.
+	if t, ok := denylist.Load(p.JWTID); ok {
+		if p.IssuedAt.Time.Before(t.(time.Time)) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+// Checks if the given token payload has a permission string.
+func (p *WebsocketPayload) HasPermission(permission string) bool {
+	p.RLock()
+	defer p.RUnlock()
+
+	for _, k := range p.Permissions {
+		if k == permission || (!strings.HasPrefix(permission, "admin") && k == "*") {
+			return !p.Denylisted()
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false
+}

router/websocket/listeners.go

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+package websocket
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/events"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
+)
+
+// RegisterListenerEvents will setup the server event listeners and expiration
+// timers. This is only triggered on first authentication with the websocket,
+// reconnections will not call it.
+//
+// This needs to be called once the socket is properly authenticated otherwise
+// you'll get a flood of error spam in the output that doesn't make sense because
+// Docker events being output to the socket will fail when it hasn't been
+// properly initialized yet.
+//
+// @see https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/issues/3295
+func (h *Handler) registerListenerEvents(ctx context.Context) {
+	h.Logger().Debug("registering event listeners for connection")
+
+	go func() {
+		if err := h.listenForServerEvents(ctx); err != nil {
+			h.Logger().Warn("error while processing server event; closing websocket connection")
+			if err := h.Connection.Close(); err != nil {
+				h.Logger().WithField("error", errors.WithStack(err)).Error("error closing websocket connection")
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	go h.listenForExpiration(ctx)
+}
+
+// ListenForExpiration checks the time to expiration on the JWT every 30 seconds
+// until the token has expired. If we are within 3 minutes of the token expiring,
+// send a notice over the socket that it is expiring soon. If it has expired,
+// send that notice as well.
+func (h *Handler) listenForExpiration(ctx context.Context) {
+	// Make a ticker and completion channel that is used to continuously poll the
+	// JWT stored in the session to send events to the socket when it is expiring.
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(time.Second * 30)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return
+		case <-ticker.C:
+			jwt := h.GetJwt()
+			if jwt != nil {
+				if jwt.ExpirationTime.Unix()-time.Now().Unix() <= 0 {
+					_ = h.SendJson(Message{Event: TokenExpiredEvent})
+				} else if jwt.ExpirationTime.Unix()-time.Now().Unix() <= 60 {
+					_ = h.SendJson(Message{Event: TokenExpiringEvent})
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+var e = []string{
+	server.StatsEvent,
+	server.StatusEvent,
+	server.ConsoleOutputEvent,
+	server.InstallOutputEvent,
+	server.InstallStartedEvent,
+	server.InstallCompletedEvent,
+	server.DaemonMessageEvent,
+	server.BackupCompletedEvent,
+	server.BackupRestoreCompletedEvent,
+	server.TransferLogsEvent,
+	server.TransferStatusEvent,
+}
+
+// ListenForServerEvents will listen for different events happening on a server
+// and send them along to the connected websocket client. This function will
+// block until the context provided to it is canceled.
+func (h *Handler) listenForServerEvents(ctx context.Context) error {
+	var o sync.Once
+	var err error
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	eventChan := make(chan []byte)
+	logOutput := make(chan []byte, 8)
+	installOutput := make(chan []byte, 4)
+
+	h.server.Events().On(eventChan) // TODO: make a sinky
+	h.server.Sink(system.LogSink).On(logOutput)
+	h.server.Sink(system.InstallSink).On(installOutput)
+
+	onError := func(evt string, err2 error) {
+		h.Logger().WithField("event", evt).WithField("error", err2).Error("failed to send event over server websocket")
+		// Avoid race conditions by only setting the error once and then canceling
+		// the context. This way if additional processing errors come through due
+		// to a massive flood of things you still only report and stop at the first.
+		o.Do(func() {
+			err = err2
+		})
+		cancel()
+	}
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			break
+		case b := <-logOutput:
+			sendErr := h.SendJson(Message{Event: server.ConsoleOutputEvent, Args: []string{string(b)}})
+			if sendErr == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			onError(server.ConsoleOutputEvent, sendErr)
+		case b := <-installOutput:
+			sendErr := h.SendJson(Message{Event: server.InstallOutputEvent, Args: []string{string(b)}})
+			if sendErr == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			onError(server.InstallOutputEvent, sendErr)
+		case b := <-eventChan:
+			var e events.Event
+			if err := events.DecodeTo(b, &e); err != nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			var sendErr error
+			message := Message{Event: e.Topic}
+			if str, ok := e.Data.(string); ok {
+				message.Args = []string{str}
+			} else if b, ok := e.Data.([]byte); ok {
+				message.Args = []string{string(b)}
+			} else {
+				b, sendErr = json.Marshal(e.Data)
+				if sendErr == nil {
+					message.Args = []string{string(b)}
+				}
+			}
+
+			if sendErr == nil {
+				sendErr = h.SendJson(message)
+				if sendErr == nil {
+					continue
+				}
+			}
+			onError(message.Event, sendErr)
+		}
+		break
+	}
+
+	// These functions will automatically close the channel if it hasn't been already.
+	h.server.Events().Off(eventChan)
+	h.server.Sink(system.LogSink).Off(logOutput)
+	h.server.Sink(system.InstallSink).Off(installOutput)
+
+	// If the internal context is stopped it is either because the parent context
+	// got canceled or because we ran into an error. If the "err" variable is nil
+	// we can assume the parent was canceled and need not perform any actions.
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.WithStack(err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}