Merge branch 'develop' into v2

Due to the order of the previous logic in ScanReader, an error not caused by EOF would effectively get ignored since an error will always be returned with `isPrefix` equal to false, thus triggering the first break, and error checking is not performed beyond that point.

Thus, canceling an installation process for a server while this process was running would hang the routine and cause the loop to run endlessly, even with a canceled context.

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,14 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## v1.6.1
+### Fixed
+* Fixes error that would sometimes occur when starting a server that would cause the temporary power action lock to never be released due to a blocked channel.
+* Fixes a bug causing the CPU usage of Wings to get stuck at 100% when a server is deleted while the installation process is running.
+
+### Changed
+* Cleans up a lot of the logic for handling events between the server and environment process to make it easier to make modifications to down the road.
+* Cleans up logic handling the `StopAndWait` logic for stopping a server gracefully before terminating the process if it does not respond.
+
 ## v1.6.0
 ### Fixed
 * Internal logic for processing a server start event has been adjusted to attach to the Docker container before attempting to start the container. This should fix issues where a server would get stuck after pulling the container image.

Makefile

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ build:
 
 debug:
 	go build -ldflags="-X github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system.Version=$(GIT_HEAD)"
-	sudo ./wings --debug --ignore-certificate-errors --config config.yml --pprof
+	sudo ./wings --debug --ignore-certificate-errors --config config.yml --pprof --pprof-block-rate 1
 
 # Runs a remotly debuggable session for Wings allowing an IDE to connect and target
 # different breakpoints.

cmd/root.go

@@ -9,10 +9,13 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	_ "net/http/pprof"
 	"os"
+	"os/signal"
 	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"syscall"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/NYTimes/logrotate"
@@ -27,6 +30,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/environment"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/notify"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/loggers/cli"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/remote"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router"
@@ -76,6 +80,7 @@ func init() {
 
 	// Flags specifically used when running the API.
 	rootCommand.Flags().Bool("pprof", false, "if the pprof profiler should be enabled. The profiler will bind to localhost:6060 by default")
+	rootCommand.Flags().Int("pprof-block-rate", 0, "enables block profile support, may have performance impacts")
 	rootCommand.Flags().Int("pprof-port", 6060, "If provided with --pprof, the port it will run on")
 	rootCommand.Flags().Bool("auto-tls", false, "pass in order to have wings generate and manage it's own SSL certificates using Let's Encrypt")
 	rootCommand.Flags().String("tls-hostname", "", "required with --auto-tls, the FQDN for the generated SSL certificate")
@@ -309,6 +314,12 @@ func rootCmdRun(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) {
 
 	profile, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("pprof")
 	if profile {
+		if r, _ := cmd.Flags().GetInt("pprof-block-rate"); r > 0 {
+			runtime.SetBlockProfileRate(r)
+		}
+		// Catch at least 1% of mutex contention issues.
+		runtime.SetMutexProfileFraction(100)
+
 		profilePort, _ := cmd.Flags().GetInt("pprof-port")
 		go func() {
 			http.ListenAndServe(fmt.Sprintf("localhost:%d", profilePort), nil)
@@ -316,43 +327,57 @@ func rootCmdRun(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) {
 	}
 
 	// Check if the server should run with TLS but using autocert.
-	if autotls {
+	go func(s *http.Server, api config.ApiConfiguration, sys config.SystemConfiguration, autotls bool, tlshostname string) {
-		m := autocert.Manager{
+		if autotls {
-			Prompt:     autocert.AcceptTOS,
+			m := autocert.Manager{
-			Cache:      autocert.DirCache(path.Join(sys.RootDirectory, "/.tls-cache")),
+				Prompt:     autocert.AcceptTOS,
-			HostPolicy: autocert.HostWhitelist(tlshostname),
+				Cache:      autocert.DirCache(path.Join(sys.RootDirectory, "/.tls-cache")),
-		}
+				HostPolicy: autocert.HostWhitelist(tlshostname),
-
-		log.WithField("hostname", tlshostname).Info("webserver is now listening with auto-TLS enabled; certificates will be automatically generated by Let's Encrypt")
-
-		// Hook autocert into the main http server.
-		s.TLSConfig.GetCertificate = m.GetCertificate
-		s.TLSConfig.NextProtos = append(s.TLSConfig.NextProtos, acme.ALPNProto) // enable tls-alpn ACME challenges
-
-		// Start the autocert server.
-		go func() {
-			if err := http.ListenAndServe(":http", m.HTTPHandler(nil)); err != nil {
-				log.WithError(err).Error("failed to serve autocert http server")
 			}
-		}()
+
-		// Start the main http server with TLS using autocert.
+			log.WithField("hostname", tlshostname).Info("webserver is now listening with auto-TLS enabled; certificates will be automatically generated by Let's Encrypt")
-		if err := s.ListenAndServeTLS("", ""); err != nil {
+
-			log.WithFields(log.Fields{"auto_tls": true, "tls_hostname": tlshostname, "error": err}).Fatal("failed to configure HTTP server using auto-tls")
+			// Hook autocert into the main http server.
+			s.TLSConfig.GetCertificate = m.GetCertificate
+			s.TLSConfig.NextProtos = append(s.TLSConfig.NextProtos, acme.ALPNProto) // enable tls-alpn ACME challenges
+
+			// Start the autocert server.
+			go func() {
+				if err := http.ListenAndServe(":http", m.HTTPHandler(nil)); err != nil {
+					log.WithError(err).Error("failed to serve autocert http server")
+				}
+			}()
+			// Start the main http server with TLS using autocert.
+			if err := s.ListenAndServeTLS("", ""); err != nil {
+				log.WithFields(log.Fields{"auto_tls": true, "tls_hostname": tlshostname, "error": err}).Fatal("failed to configure HTTP server using auto-tls")
+			}
+			return
 		}
-		return
+
+		// Check if main http server should run with TLS. Otherwise reset the TLS
+		// config on the server and then serve it over normal HTTP.
+		if api.Ssl.Enabled {
+			if err := s.ListenAndServeTLS(api.Ssl.CertificateFile, api.Ssl.KeyFile); err != nil {
+				log.WithFields(log.Fields{"auto_tls": false, "error": err}).Fatal("failed to configure HTTPS server")
+			}
+			return
+		}
+		s.TLSConfig = nil
+		if err := s.ListenAndServe(); err != nil {
+			log.WithField("error", err).Fatal("failed to configure HTTP server")
+		}
+	}(s, api, sys, autotls, tlshostname)
+
+	if err := notify.Readiness(); err != nil {
+		log.WithField("error", err).Error("failed to notify systemd of readiness state")
 	}
 
-	// Check if main http server should run with TLS. Otherwise reset the TLS
+	c := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
-	// config on the server and then serve it over normal HTTP.
+	signal.Notify(c, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
-	if api.Ssl.Enabled {
+	<-c
-		if err := s.ListenAndServeTLS(api.Ssl.CertificateFile, api.Ssl.KeyFile); err != nil {
+
-			log.WithFields(log.Fields{"auto_tls": false, "error": err}).Fatal("failed to configure HTTPS server")
+	if err := notify.Stopping(); err != nil {
-		}
+		log.WithField("error", err).Error("failed to notify systemd of stopping state")
-		return
-	}
-	s.TLSConfig = nil
-	if err := s.ListenAndServe(); err != nil {
-		log.WithField("error", err).Fatal("failed to configure HTTP server")
 	}
 }
 

config/config.go

@@ -89,8 +89,8 @@ type ApiConfiguration struct {
 	// servers.
 	DisableRemoteDownload bool `json:"disable_remote_download" yaml:"disable_remote_download"`
 
-	// The maximum size for files uploaded through the Panel in bytes.
+	// The maximum size for files uploaded through the Panel in MB.
-	UploadLimit int `default:"100" json:"upload_limit" yaml:"upload_limit"`
+	UploadLimit int64 `default:"100" json:"upload_limit" yaml:"upload_limit"`
 }
 
 // RemoteQueryConfiguration defines the configuration settings for remote requests
@@ -132,6 +132,10 @@ type SystemConfiguration struct {
 	// Directory where local backups will be stored on the machine.
 	BackupDirectory string `default:"/var/lib/pterodactyl/backups" yaml:"backup_directory"`
 
+	// TmpDirectory specifies where temporary files for Pterodactyl installation processes
+	// should be created. This supports environments running docker-in-docker.
+	TmpDirectory string `default:"/tmp/pterodactyl" yaml:"tmp_directory"`
+
 	// The user that should own all of the server files, and be used for containers.
 	Username string `default:"pterodactyl" yaml:"username"`
 

environment/docker/api.go

@@ -73,6 +73,9 @@ func (e *Environment) ContainerInspect(ctx context.Context) (types.ContainerJSON
 
 	res, err := e.client.HTTPClient().Do(req)
 	if err != nil {
+		if res == nil {
+			return st, errdefs.Unknown(err)
+		}
 		return st, errdefs.FromStatusCode(err, res.StatusCode)
 	}
 
@@ -113,4 +116,4 @@ func parseErrorFromResponse(res *http.Response, body []byte) error {
 	}
 
 	return errors.Wrap(errors.New(emsg), "Error response from daemon")
-}
+}

environment/docker/environment.go

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ type Metadata struct {
 var _ environment.ProcessEnvironment = (*Environment)(nil)
 
 type Environment struct {
-	mu      sync.RWMutex
+	mu sync.RWMutex
 
 	// The public identifier for this environment. In this case it is the Docker container
 	// name that will be used for all instances created under it.

environment/docker/power.go

@@ -138,9 +138,7 @@ func (e *Environment) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
 // You most likely want to be using WaitForStop() rather than this function,
 // since this will return as soon as the command is sent, rather than waiting
 // for the process to be completed stopped.
-//
+func (e *Environment) Stop(ctx context.Context) error {
-// TODO: pass context through from the server instance.
-func (e *Environment) Stop() error {
 	e.mu.RLock()
 	s := e.meta.Stop
 	e.mu.RUnlock()
@@ -164,7 +162,7 @@ func (e *Environment) Stop() error {
 		case "SIGTERM":
 			signal = syscall.SIGTERM
 		}
-		return e.Terminate(signal)
+		return e.Terminate(ctx, signal)
 	}
 
 	// If the process is already offline don't switch it back to stopping. Just leave it how
@@ -179,8 +177,10 @@ func (e *Environment) Stop() error {
 		return e.SendCommand(s.Value)
 	}
 
-	t := time.Second * 30
+	// Allow the stop action to run for however long it takes, similar to executing a command
-	if err := e.client.ContainerStop(context.Background(), e.Id, &t); err != nil {
+	// and using a different logic pathway to wait for the container to stop successfully.
+	t := time.Duration(-1)
+	if err := e.client.ContainerStop(ctx, e.Id, &t); err != nil {
 		// If the container does not exist just mark the process as stopped and return without
 		// an error.
 		if client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
@@ -198,45 +198,66 @@ func (e *Environment) Stop() error {
 // command. If the server does not stop after seconds have passed, an error will
 // be returned, or the instance will be terminated forcefully depending on the
 // value of the second argument.
-func (e *Environment) WaitForStop(seconds uint, terminate bool) error {
+//
-	if err := e.Stop(); err != nil {
+// Calls to Environment.Terminate() in this function use the context passed
-		return err
+// through since we don't want to prevent termination of the server instance
+// just because the context.WithTimeout() has expired.
+func (e *Environment) WaitForStop(ctx context.Context, duration time.Duration, terminate bool) error {
+	tctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), duration)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	// If the parent context is canceled, abort the timed context for termination.
+	go func() {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			cancel()
+		case <-tctx.Done():
+			// When the timed context is canceled, terminate this routine since we no longer
+			// need to worry about the parent routine being canceled.
+			break
+		}
+	}()
+
+	doTermination := func(s string) error {
+		e.log().WithField("step", s).WithField("duration", duration).Warn("container stop did not complete in time, terminating process...")
+		return e.Terminate(ctx, os.Kill)
 	}
 
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Duration(seconds)*time.Second)
+	// We pass through the timed context for this stop action so that if one of the
-	defer cancel()
+	// internal docker calls fails to ever finish before we've exhausted the time limit
+	// the resources get cleaned up, and the exection is stopped.
+	if err := e.Stop(tctx); err != nil {
+		if terminate && errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+			return doTermination("stop")
+		}
+		return err
+	}
 
 	// Block the return of this function until the container as been marked as no
 	// longer running. If this wait does not end by the time seconds have passed,
 	// attempt to terminate the container, or return an error.
-	ok, errChan := e.client.ContainerWait(ctx, e.Id, container.WaitConditionNotRunning)
+	ok, errChan := e.client.ContainerWait(tctx, e.Id, container.WaitConditionNotRunning)
 	select {
 	case <-ctx.Done():
-		if ctxErr := ctx.Err(); ctxErr != nil {
+		if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
 			if terminate {
-				log.WithField("container_id", e.Id).Info("server did not stop in time, executing process termination")
+				return doTermination("parent-context")
-
-				return e.Terminate(os.Kill)
 			}
-
+			return err
-			return ctxErr
 		}
 	case err := <-errChan:
 		// If the error stems from the container not existing there is no point in wasting
 		// CPU time to then try and terminate it.
-		if err != nil && !client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+		if err == nil || client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
-			if terminate {
+			return nil
-				l := log.WithField("container_id", e.Id)
-				if errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
-					l.Warn("deadline exceeded for container stop; terminating process")
-				} else {
-					l.WithField("error", err).Warn("error while waiting for container stop; terminating process")
-				}
-
-				return e.Terminate(os.Kill)
-			}
-			return errors.WrapIf(err, "environment/docker: error waiting on container to enter \"not-running\" state")
 		}
+		if terminate {
+			if !errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+				e.log().WithField("error", err).Warn("error while waiting for container stop; terminating process")
+			}
+			return doTermination("wait")
+		}
+		return errors.WrapIf(err, "environment/docker: error waiting on container to enter \"not-running\" state")
 	case <-ok:
 	}
 
@@ -244,8 +265,8 @@ func (e *Environment) WaitForStop(seconds uint, terminate bool) error {
 }
 
 // Terminate forcefully terminates the container using the signal provided.
-func (e *Environment) Terminate(signal os.Signal) error {
+func (e *Environment) Terminate(ctx context.Context, signal os.Signal) error {
-	c, err := e.ContainerInspect(context.Background())
+	c, err := e.ContainerInspect(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		// Treat missing containers as an okay error state, means it is obviously
 		// already terminated at this point.
@@ -270,7 +291,7 @@ func (e *Environment) Terminate(signal os.Signal) error {
 	// We set it to stopping than offline to prevent crash detection from being triggered.
 	e.SetState(environment.ProcessStoppingState)
 	sig := strings.TrimSuffix(strings.TrimPrefix(signal.String(), "signal "), "ed")
-	if err := e.client.ContainerKill(context.Background(), e.Id, sig); err != nil && !client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+	if err := e.client.ContainerKill(ctx, e.Id, sig); err != nil && !client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
 		return errors.WithStack(err)
 	}
 	e.SetState(environment.ProcessOfflineState)

environment/environment.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package environment
 import (
 	"context"
 	"os"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/events"
 )
@@ -58,18 +59,20 @@ type ProcessEnvironment interface {
 	// can be started an error should be returned.
 	Start(ctx context.Context) error
 
-	// Stops a server instance. If the server is already stopped an error should
+	// Stop stops a server instance. If the server is already stopped an error will
-	// not be returned.
+	// not be returned, this function will act as a no-op.
-	Stop() error
+	Stop(ctx context.Context) error
 
-	// Waits for a server instance to stop gracefully. If the server is still detected
+	// WaitForStop waits for a server instance to stop gracefully. If the server is
-	// as running after seconds, an error will be returned, or the server will be terminated
+	// still detected as running after "duration", an error will be returned, or the server
-	// depending on the value of the second argument.
+	// will be terminated depending on the value of the second argument. If the context
-	WaitForStop(seconds uint, terminate bool) error
+	// provided is canceled the underlying wait conditions will be stopped and the
+	// entire loop will be ended (potentially without stopping or terminating).
+	WaitForStop(ctx context.Context, duration time.Duration, terminate bool) error
 
-	// Terminates a running server instance using the provided signal. If the server
+	// Terminate stops a running server instance using the provided signal. This function
-	// is not running no error should be returned.
+	// is a no-op if the server is already stopped.
-	Terminate(signal os.Signal) error
+	Terminate(ctx context.Context, signal os.Signal) error
 
 	// Destroys the environment removing any containers that were created (in Docker
 	// environments at least).

events/events.go

@@ -2,10 +2,11 @@ package events
 
 import (
 	"strings"
-	"sync"
-)
 
-type Listener chan Event
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
+)
 
 // Event represents an Event sent over a Bus.
 type Event struct {
@@ -15,137 +16,55 @@ type Event struct {
 
 // Bus represents an Event Bus.
 type Bus struct {
-	listenersMx sync.Mutex
+	*system.SinkPool
-	listeners   map[string][]Listener
 }
 
-// NewBus returns a new empty Event Bus.
+// NewBus returns a new empty Bus. This is simply a nicer wrapper around the
+// system.SinkPool implementation that allows for more simplistic usage within
+// the codebase.
+//
+// All of the events emitted out of this bus are byte slices that can be decoded
+// back into an events.Event interface.
 func NewBus() *Bus {
 	return &Bus{
-		listeners: make(map[string][]Listener),
+		system.NewSinkPool(),
-	}
-}
-
-// Off unregisters a listener from the specified topics on the Bus.
-func (b *Bus) Off(listener Listener, topics ...string) {
-	b.listenersMx.Lock()
-	defer b.listenersMx.Unlock()
-
-	var closed bool
-
-	for _, topic := range topics {
-		ok := b.off(topic, listener)
-		if !closed && ok {
-			close(listener)
-			closed = true
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (b *Bus) off(topic string, listener Listener) bool {
-	listeners, ok := b.listeners[topic]
-	if !ok {
-		return false
-	}
-	for i, l := range listeners {
-		if l != listener {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		listeners = append(listeners[:i], listeners[i+1:]...)
-		b.listeners[topic] = listeners
-		return true
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
-// On registers a listener to the specified topics on the Bus.
-func (b *Bus) On(listener Listener, topics ...string) {
-	b.listenersMx.Lock()
-	defer b.listenersMx.Unlock()
-
-	for _, topic := range topics {
-		b.on(topic, listener)
-	}
-}
-
-func (b *Bus) on(topic string, listener Listener) {
-	listeners, ok := b.listeners[topic]
-	if !ok {
-		b.listeners[topic] = []Listener{listener}
-	} else {
-		b.listeners[topic] = append(listeners, listener)
 	}
 }
 
 // Publish publishes a message to the Bus.
 func (b *Bus) Publish(topic string, data interface{}) {
-	// Some of our topics for the socket support passing a more specific namespace,
+	// Some of our actions for the socket support passing a more specific namespace,
 	// such as "backup completed:1234" to indicate which specific backup was completed.
 	//
 	// In these cases, we still need to send the event using the standard listener
 	// name of "backup completed".
 	if strings.Contains(topic, ":") {
 		parts := strings.SplitN(topic, ":", 2)
-
 		if len(parts) == 2 {
 			topic = parts[0]
 		}
 	}
 
-	b.listenersMx.Lock()
+	enc, err := json.Marshal(Event{Topic: topic, Data: data})
-	defer b.listenersMx.Unlock()
+	if err != nil {
-
+		panic(errors.WithStack(err))
-	listeners, ok := b.listeners[topic]
-	if !ok {
-		return
 	}
-	if len(listeners) < 1 {
+	b.Push(enc)
-		return
-	}
-
-	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	event := Event{Topic: topic, Data: data}
-	for _, listener := range listeners {
-		l := listener
-		wg.Add(1)
-		go func(l Listener, event Event) {
-			defer wg.Done()
-			l <- event
-		}(l, event)
-	}
-	wg.Wait()
 }
 
-// Destroy destroys the Event Bus by unregistering and closing all listeners.
+// MustDecode decodes the event byte slice back into an events.Event struct or
-func (b *Bus) Destroy() {
+// panics if an error is encountered during this process.
-	b.listenersMx.Lock()
+func MustDecode(data []byte) (e Event) {
-	defer b.listenersMx.Unlock()
+	if err := DecodeTo(data, &e); err != nil {
-
+		panic(err)
-	// Track what listeners have already been closed. Because the same listener
-	// can be listening on multiple topics, we need a way to essentially
-	// "de-duplicate" all the listeners across all the topics.
-	var closed []Listener
-
-	for _, listeners := range b.listeners {
-		for _, listener := range listeners {
-			if contains(closed, listener) {
-				continue
-			}
-
-			close(listener)
-			closed = append(closed, listener)
-		}
 	}
-
+	return
-	b.listeners = make(map[string][]Listener)
 }
 
-func contains(closed []Listener, listener Listener) bool {
+// DecodeTo decodes a byte slice of event data into the given interface.
-	for _, c := range closed {
+func DecodeTo(data []byte, v interface{}) error {
-		if c == listener {
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &v); err != nil {
-			return true
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "events: failed to decode byte slice")
-		}
 	}
-	return false
+	return nil
 }

events/events_test.go

@@ -9,162 +9,90 @@ import (
 
 func TestNewBus(t *testing.T) {
 	g := Goblin(t)
-	bus := NewBus()
 
-	g.Describe("NewBus", func() {
+	g.Describe("Events", func() {
-		g.It("is not nil", func() {
+		var bus *Bus
-			g.Assert(bus).IsNotNil("Bus expected to not be nil")
+		g.BeforeEach(func() {
-			g.Assert(bus.listeners).IsNotNil("Bus#listeners expected to not be nil")
+			bus = NewBus()
-		})
-	})
-}
-
-func TestBus_Off(t *testing.T) {
-	g := Goblin(t)
-
-	const topic = "test"
-
-	g.Describe("Off", func() {
-		g.It("unregisters listener", func() {
-			bus := NewBus()
-
-			g.Assert(bus.listeners[topic]).IsNotNil()
-			g.Assert(len(bus.listeners[topic])).IsZero()
-			listener := make(chan Event)
-			bus.On(listener, topic)
-			g.Assert(len(bus.listeners[topic])).Equal(1, "Listener was not registered")
-
-			bus.Off(listener, topic)
-			g.Assert(len(bus.listeners[topic])).Equal(0, "Topic still has one or more listeners")
 		})
 
-		g.It("unregisters correct listener", func() {
+		g.Describe("NewBus", func() {
-			bus := NewBus()
+			g.It("is not nil", func() {
-
+				g.Assert(bus).IsNotNil("Bus expected to not be nil")
-			listener := make(chan Event)
+			})
-			listener2 := make(chan Event)
-			listener3 := make(chan Event)
-			bus.On(listener, topic)
-			bus.On(listener2, topic)
-			bus.On(listener3, topic)
-			g.Assert(len(bus.listeners[topic])).Equal(3, "Listeners were not registered")
-
-			bus.Off(listener, topic)
-			bus.Off(listener3, topic)
-			g.Assert(len(bus.listeners[topic])).Equal(1, "Expected 1 listener to remain")
-
-			if bus.listeners[topic][0] != listener2 {
-				// A normal Assert does not properly compare channels.
-				g.Fail("wrong listener unregistered")
-			}
-
-			// Cleanup
-			bus.Off(listener2, topic)
-		})
-	})
-}
-
-func TestBus_On(t *testing.T) {
-	g := Goblin(t)
-
-	const topic = "test"
-
-	g.Describe("On", func() {
-		g.It("registers listener", func() {
-			bus := NewBus()
-
-			g.Assert(bus.listeners[topic]).IsNotNil()
-			g.Assert(len(bus.listeners[topic])).IsZero()
-			listener := make(chan Event)
-			bus.On(listener, topic)
-			g.Assert(len(bus.listeners[topic])).Equal(1, "Listener was not registered")
-
-			if bus.listeners[topic][0] != listener {
-				// A normal Assert does not properly compare channels.
-				g.Fail("wrong listener registered")
-			}
-
-			// Cleanup
-			bus.Off(listener, topic)
-		})
-	})
-}
-
-func TestBus_Publish(t *testing.T) {
-	g := Goblin(t)
-
-	const topic = "test"
-	const message = "this is a test message!"
-
-	g.Describe("Publish", func() {
-		g.It("publishes message", func() {
-			bus := NewBus()
-
-			g.Assert(bus.listeners[topic]).IsNotNil()
-			g.Assert(len(bus.listeners[topic])).IsZero()
-			listener := make(chan Event)
-			bus.On(listener, topic)
-			g.Assert(len(bus.listeners[topic])).Equal(1, "Listener was not registered")
-
-			done := make(chan struct{}, 1)
-			go func() {
-				select {
-				case m := <-listener:
-					g.Assert(m.Topic).Equal(topic)
-					g.Assert(m.Data).Equal(message)
-				case <-time.After(1 * time.Second):
-					g.Fail("listener did not receive message in time")
-				}
-				done <- struct{}{}
-			}()
-			bus.Publish(topic, message)
-			<-done
-
-			// Cleanup
-			bus.Off(listener, topic)
 		})
 
-		g.It("publishes message to all listeners", func() {
+		g.Describe("Publish", func() {
-			bus := NewBus()
+			const topic = "test"
+			const message = "this is a test message!"
 
-			g.Assert(bus.listeners[topic]).IsNotNil()
+			g.It("publishes message", func() {
-			g.Assert(len(bus.listeners[topic])).IsZero()
+				bus := NewBus()
-			listener := make(chan Event)
-			listener2 := make(chan Event)
-			listener3 := make(chan Event)
-			bus.On(listener, topic)
-			bus.On(listener2, topic)
-			bus.On(listener3, topic)
-			g.Assert(len(bus.listeners[topic])).Equal(3, "Listener was not registered")
 
-			done := make(chan struct{}, 1)
+				listener := make(chan []byte)
-			go func() {
+				bus.On(listener)
-				for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
+
+				done := make(chan struct{}, 1)
+				go func() {
 					select {
-					case m := <-listener:
+					case v := <-listener:
-						g.Assert(m.Topic).Equal(topic)
+						m := MustDecode(v)
-						g.Assert(m.Data).Equal(message)
-					case m := <-listener2:
-						g.Assert(m.Topic).Equal(topic)
-						g.Assert(m.Data).Equal(message)
-					case m := <-listener3:
 						g.Assert(m.Topic).Equal(topic)
 						g.Assert(m.Data).Equal(message)
 					case <-time.After(1 * time.Second):
-						g.Fail("all listeners did not receive the message in time")
+						g.Fail("listener did not receive message in time")
-						i = 3
 					}
-				}
+					done <- struct{}{}
+				}()
+				bus.Publish(topic, message)
+				<-done
 
-				done <- struct{}{}
+				// Cleanup
-			}()
+				bus.Off(listener)
-			bus.Publish(topic, message)
+			})
-			<-done
 
-			// Cleanup
+			g.It("publishes message to all listeners", func() {
-			bus.Off(listener, topic)
+				bus := NewBus()
-			bus.Off(listener2, topic)
+
-			bus.Off(listener3, topic)
+				listener := make(chan []byte)
+				listener2 := make(chan []byte)
+				listener3 := make(chan []byte)
+				bus.On(listener)
+				bus.On(listener2)
+				bus.On(listener3)
+
+				done := make(chan struct{}, 1)
+				go func() {
+					for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
+						select {
+						case v := <-listener:
+							m := MustDecode(v)
+							g.Assert(m.Topic).Equal(topic)
+							g.Assert(m.Data).Equal(message)
+						case v := <-listener2:
+							m := MustDecode(v)
+							g.Assert(m.Topic).Equal(topic)
+							g.Assert(m.Data).Equal(message)
+						case v := <-listener3:
+							m := MustDecode(v)
+							g.Assert(m.Topic).Equal(topic)
+							g.Assert(m.Data).Equal(message)
+						case <-time.After(1 * time.Second):
+							g.Fail("all listeners did not receive the message in time")
+							i = 3
+						}
+					}
+
+					done <- struct{}{}
+				}()
+				bus.Publish(topic, message)
+				<-done
+
+				// Cleanup
+				bus.Off(listener)
+				bus.Off(listener2)
+				bus.Off(listener3)
+			})
 		})
 	})
 }

go.mod

@@ -3,116 +3,113 @@ module github.com/pterodactyl/wings
 go 1.17
 
 require (
-	emperror.dev/errors v0.8.0
+	emperror.dev/errors v0.8.1
-	github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2 v2.2.15
+	github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2 v2.3.4
 	github.com/Jeffail/gabs/v2 v2.6.1
 	github.com/NYTimes/logrotate v1.0.0
 	github.com/apex/log v1.9.0
 	github.com/asaskevich/govalidator v0.0.0-20210307081110-f21760c49a8d
 	github.com/beevik/etree v1.1.0
 	github.com/buger/jsonparser v1.1.1
-	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.1.1
+	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.1.2
 	github.com/cobaugh/osrelease v0.0.0-20181218015638-a93a0a55a249
-	github.com/creasty/defaults v1.5.1
+	github.com/creasty/defaults v1.5.2
-	github.com/docker/docker v20.10.7+incompatible
+	github.com/docker/docker v20.10.14+incompatible
 	github.com/docker/go-connections v0.4.0
-	github.com/fatih/color v1.12.0
+	github.com/fatih/color v1.13.0
 	github.com/franela/goblin v0.0.0-20200825194134-80c0062ed6cd
-	github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.3.1
+	github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.0
 	github.com/gammazero/workerpool v1.1.2
 	github.com/gbrlsnchs/jwt/v3 v3.0.1
-	github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.7.2
+	github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.7.7
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.3.0
-	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.4.2
+	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.5.0
 	github.com/iancoleman/strcase v0.2.0
 	github.com/icza/dyno v0.0.0-20210726202311-f1bafe5d9996
 	github.com/juju/ratelimit v1.0.1
 	github.com/karrick/godirwalk v1.16.1
 	github.com/klauspost/pgzip v1.2.5
-	github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.5
+	github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.6
-	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.8
+	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.12
-	github.com/mholt/archiver/v3 v3.5.0
+	github.com/mholt/archiver/v3 v3.5.1
 	github.com/mitchellh/colorstring v0.0.0-20190213212951-d06e56a500db
 	github.com/patrickmn/go-cache v2.1.0+incompatible
-	github.com/pkg/profile v1.6.0
+	github.com/pkg/sftp v1.13.4
-	github.com/pkg/sftp v1.13.2
+	github.com/sabhiram/go-gitignore v0.0.0-20210923224102-525f6e181f06
-	github.com/sabhiram/go-gitignore v0.0.0-20201211210132-54b8a0bf510f
+	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.4.0
-	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.2.1
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.0
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210711020723-a769d52b0f97
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20220321153916-2c7772ba3064
 	golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20210220032951-036812b2e83c
-	gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.62.0
+	gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.66.4
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0
 )
 
-require github.com/goccy/go-json v0.9.4
+require github.com/goccy/go-json v0.9.6
 
-require golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20211110154304-99a53858aa08 // indirect
+require golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220319134239-a9b59b0215f8 // indirect
 
 require (
 	github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20210617225240-d185dfc1b5a1 // indirect
-	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.5.2 // indirect
-	github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.8.20 // indirect
+	github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.9.2 // indirect
-	github.com/andybalholm/brotli v1.0.3 // indirect
+	github.com/andybalholm/brotli v1.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.1.2 // indirect
-	github.com/containerd/containerd v1.5.5 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/containerd v1.6.2 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/fifo v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/docker/distribution v2.7.1+incompatible // indirect
+	github.com/docker/distribution v2.8.1+incompatible // indirect
 	github.com/docker/go-metrics v0.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/docker/go-units v0.4.0 // indirect
-	github.com/dsnet/compress v0.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/dsnet/compress v0.0.2-0.20210315054119-f66993602bf5 // indirect
-	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.4.9 // indirect
+	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.5.1 // indirect
-	github.com/gammazero/deque v0.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/gammazero/deque v0.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/gin-contrib/sse v0.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-playground/locales v0.13.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-playground/locales v0.14.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-playground/universal-translator v0.17.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-playground/universal-translator v0.18.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.8.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.10.1 // indirect
 	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.2 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/gorilla/mux v1.7.4 // indirect
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.11 // indirect
+	github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12 // indirect
 	github.com/kballard/go-shellquote v0.0.0-20180428030007-95032a82bc51 // indirect
-	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.13.2 // indirect
+	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.15.1 // indirect
 	github.com/kr/fs v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/leodido/go-urn v1.2.1 // indirect
-	github.com/magefile/mage v1.11.0 // indirect
+	github.com/magefile/mage v1.13.0 // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.13 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.14 // indirect
 	github.com/matttproud/golang_protobuf_extensions v1.0.2-0.20181231171920-c182affec369 // indirect
 	github.com/mgutz/ansi v0.0.0-20200706080929-d51e80ef957d // indirect
 	github.com/moby/term v0.0.0-20210619224110-3f7ff695adc6 // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd // indirect
-	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 // indirect
 	github.com/morikuni/aec v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/niemeyer/pretty v0.0.0-20200227124842-a10e7caefd8e // indirect
+	github.com/nwaples/rardecode v1.1.3 // indirect
-	github.com/nwaples/rardecode v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.0.2 // indirect
-	github.com/pierrec/lz4/v4 v4.1.8 // indirect
+	github.com/pierrec/lz4/v4 v4.1.14 // indirect
 	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.11.0 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.12.1 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/common v0.30.0 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/common v0.32.1 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.7.1 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.7.3 // indirect
 	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.8.1 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5 // indirect
-	github.com/ugorji/go/codec v1.1.7 // indirect
+	github.com/ugorji/go/codec v1.2.7 // indirect
 	github.com/ulikunitz/xz v0.5.10 // indirect
 	github.com/xi2/xz v0.0.0-20171230120015-48954b6210f8 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/atomic v1.9.0 // indirect
-	go.uber.org/multierr v1.7.0 // indirect
+	go.uber.org/multierr v1.8.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210726213435-c6fcb2dbf985 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20220225172249-27dd8689420f // indirect
-	golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20210615171337-6886f2dfbf5b // indirect
+	golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20210927222741-03fcf44c2211 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.3.6 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.3.7 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20210723032227-1f47c861a9ac // indirect
+	golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20220224211638-0e9765cccd65 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20200804184101-5ec99f83aff1 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20210729151513-df9385d47c1b // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20220324131243-acbaeb5b85eb // indirect
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.39.0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.45.0 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.27.1 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.28.0 // indirect
-	gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20200227125254-8fa46927fb4f // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20210107192922-496545a6307b // indirect
 )

internal/notify/notify.go

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// Package notify handles notifying the operating system of the program's state.
+//
+// For linux based operating systems, this is done through the systemd socket
+// set by "NOTIFY_SOCKET" environment variable.
+//
+// Currently, no other operating systems are supported.
+package notify
+
+func Readiness() error {
+	return readiness()
+}
+
+func Reloading() error {
+	return reloading()
+}
+
+func Stopping() error {
+	return stopping()
+}

internal/notify/notify_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+package notify
+
+import (
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+func notify(path string, r io.Reader) error {
+	s := &net.UnixAddr{
+		Name: path,
+		Net:  "unixgram",
+	}
+	c, err := net.DialUnix(s.Net, nil, s)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer c.Close()
+
+	if _, err := io.Copy(c, r); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func socketNotify(payload string) error {
+	v, ok := os.LookupEnv("NOTIFY_SOCKET")
+	if !ok || v == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if err := notify(v, strings.NewReader(payload)); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func readiness() error {
+	return socketNotify("READY=1")
+}
+
+func reloading() error {
+	return socketNotify("RELOADING=1")
+}
+
+func stopping() error {
+	return socketNotify("STOPPING=1")
+}

internal/notify/notify_other.go

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//go:build !linux
+// +build !linux
+
+package notify
+
+func readiness() error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func reloading() error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func stopping() error {
+	return nil
+}

parser/parser.go

@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ import (
 	"github.com/apex/log"
 	"github.com/beevik/etree"
 	"github.com/buger/jsonparser"
+	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
 	"github.com/icza/dyno"
 	"github.com/magiconair/properties"
-	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
 	"gopkg.in/ini.v1"
 	"gopkg.in/yaml.v2"
 

remote/types.go

@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ type SftpAuthRequest struct {
 	IP            string `json:"ip"`
 	SessionID     []byte `json:"session_id"`
 	ClientVersion []byte `json:"client_version"`
+	Type          string `json:"type"`
 }
 
 // SftpAuthResponse is returned by the Panel when a pair of SFTP credentials
@@ -78,8 +79,8 @@ type SftpAuthRequest struct {
 // matched as well as the permissions that are assigned to the authenticated
 // user for the SFTP subsystem.
 type SftpAuthResponse struct {
+	SSHKeys     []string `json:"ssh_keys"`
 	Server      string   `json:"server"`
-	Token       string   `json:"token"`
 	Permissions []string `json:"permissions"`
 }
 

router/downloader/downloader.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"mime"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
@@ -13,8 +14,8 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
-	"github.com/google/uuid"
 	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
 
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
 )
@@ -77,10 +78,13 @@ func (c *Counter) Write(p []byte) (int, error) {
 type DownloadRequest struct {
 	Directory string
 	URL       *url.URL
+	FileName  string
+	UseHeader bool
 }
 
 type Download struct {
 	Identifier string
+	path       string
 	mu         sync.RWMutex
 	req        DownloadRequest
 	server     *server.Server
@@ -172,8 +176,28 @@ func (dl *Download) Execute() error {
 		}
 	}
 
-	fnameparts := strings.Split(dl.req.URL.Path, "/")
+	if dl.req.UseHeader {
-	p := filepath.Join(dl.req.Directory, fnameparts[len(fnameparts)-1])
+		if contentDisposition := res.Header.Get("Content-Disposition"); contentDisposition != "" {
+			_, params, err := mime.ParseMediaType(contentDisposition)
+			if err != nil {
+				return errors.WrapIf(err, "downloader: invalid \"Content-Disposition\" header")
+			}
+
+			if v, ok := params["filename"]; ok {
+				dl.path = v
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if dl.path == "" {
+		if dl.req.FileName != "" {
+			dl.path = dl.req.FileName
+		} else {
+			parts := strings.Split(dl.req.URL.Path, "/")
+			dl.path = parts[len(parts)-1]
+		}
+	}
+
+	p := dl.Path()
 	dl.server.Log().WithField("path", p).Debug("writing remote file to disk")
 
 	r := io.TeeReader(res.Body, dl.counter(res.ContentLength))
@@ -205,6 +229,10 @@ func (dl *Download) Progress() float64 {
 	return dl.progress
 }
 
+func (dl *Download) Path() string {
+	return filepath.Join(dl.req.Directory, dl.path)
+}
+
 // Handles a write event by updating the progress completed percentage and firing off
 // events to the server websocket as needed.
 func (dl *Download) counter(contentLength int64) *Counter {

router/router_server_files.go

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"github.com/apex/log"
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
@@ -255,9 +257,12 @@ func postServerPullRemoteFile(c *gin.Context) {
 	s := ExtractServer(c)
 	var data struct {
 		// Deprecated
-		Directory string `binding:"required_without=RootPath,omitempty" json:"directory"`
+		Directory  string `binding:"required_without=RootPath,omitempty" json:"directory"`
-		RootPath  string `binding:"required_without=Directory,omitempty" json:"root"`
+		RootPath   string `binding:"required_without=Directory,omitempty" json:"root"`
-		URL       string `binding:"required" json:"url"`
+		URL        string `binding:"required" json:"url"`
+		FileName   string `json:"file_name"`
+		UseHeader  bool   `json:"use_header"`
+		Foreground bool   `json:"foreground"`
 	}
 	if err := c.BindJSON(&data); err != nil {
 		return
@@ -295,21 +300,41 @@ func postServerPullRemoteFile(c *gin.Context) {
 	dl := downloader.New(s, downloader.DownloadRequest{
 		Directory: data.RootPath,
 		URL:       u,
+		FileName:  data.FileName,
+		UseHeader: data.UseHeader,
 	})
 
-	// Execute this pull in a separate thread since it may take a long time to complete.
+	download := func() error {
-	go func() {
 		s.Log().WithField("download_id", dl.Identifier).WithField("url", u.String()).Info("starting pull of remote file to disk")
 		if err := dl.Execute(); err != nil {
 			s.Log().WithField("download_id", dl.Identifier).WithField("error", err).Error("failed to pull remote file")
+			return err
 		} else {
 			s.Log().WithField("download_id", dl.Identifier).Info("completed pull of remote file")
 		}
-	}()
+		return nil
+	}
+	if !data.Foreground {
+		go func() {
+			_ = download()
+		}()
+		c.JSON(http.StatusAccepted, gin.H{
+			"identifier": dl.Identifier,
+		})
+		return
+	}
 
-	c.JSON(http.StatusAccepted, gin.H{
+	if err := download(); err != nil {
-		"identifier": dl.Identifier,
+		NewServerError(err, s).Abort(c)
-	})
+		return
+	}
+
+	st, err := s.Filesystem().Stat(dl.Path())
+	if err != nil {
+		NewServerError(err, s).AbortFilesystemError(c)
+		return
+	}
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, &st)
 }
 
 // Stops a remote file download if it exists and belongs to this server.
@@ -537,8 +562,16 @@ func postServerUploadFiles(c *gin.Context) {
 
 	directory := c.Query("directory")
 
+	maxFileSize := config.Get().Api.UploadLimit
+	maxFileSizeBytes := maxFileSize * 1024 * 1024
 	var totalSize int64
 	for _, header := range headers {
+		if header.Size > maxFileSizeBytes {
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
+				"error": "File " + header.Filename + " is larger than the maximum file upload size of " + strconv.FormatInt(maxFileSize, 10) + " MB.",
+			})
+			return
+		}
 		totalSize += header.Size
 	}
 

router/router_server_ws.go

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-	ws "github.com/gorilla/websocket"
 	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
+	ws "github.com/gorilla/websocket"
 
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/middleware"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/websocket"

router/router_transfer.go

@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ func postServerArchive(c *gin.Context) {
 
 		// Ensure the server is offline. Sometimes a "No such container" error gets through
 		// which means the server is already stopped. We can ignore that.
-		if err := s.Environment.WaitForStop(60, false); err != nil && !strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(err.Error()), "no such container") {
+		if err := s.Environment.WaitForStop(s.Context(), time.Minute, false); err != nil && !strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(err.Error()), "no such container") {
 			sendTransferLog("Failed to stop server, aborting transfer..")
 			l.WithField("error", err).Error("failed to stop server")
 			return

router/websocket/listeners.go

@@ -7,8 +7,9 @@ import (
 
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
-
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/events"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
+
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
 )
 
@@ -88,12 +89,13 @@ func (h *Handler) listenForServerEvents(ctx context.Context) error {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
 	defer cancel()
 
-	eventChan := make(chan events.Event)
+	eventChan := make(chan []byte)
 	logOutput := make(chan []byte, 8)
 	installOutput := make(chan []byte, 4)
-	h.server.Events().On(eventChan, e...)
+
-	h.server.Sink(server.LogSink).On(logOutput)
+	h.server.Events().On(eventChan) // TODO: make a sinky
-	h.server.Sink(server.InstallSink).On(installOutput)
+	h.server.Sink(system.LogSink).On(logOutput)
+	h.server.Sink(system.InstallSink).On(installOutput)
 
 	onError := func(evt string, err2 error) {
 		h.Logger().WithField("event", evt).WithField("error", err2).Error("failed to send event over server websocket")
@@ -110,19 +112,23 @@ func (h *Handler) listenForServerEvents(ctx context.Context) error {
 		select {
 		case <-ctx.Done():
 			break
-		case e := <-logOutput:
+		case b := <-logOutput:
-			sendErr := h.SendJson(Message{Event: server.ConsoleOutputEvent, Args: []string{string(e)}})
+			sendErr := h.SendJson(Message{Event: server.ConsoleOutputEvent, Args: []string{string(b)}})
 			if sendErr == nil {
 				continue
 			}
 			onError(server.ConsoleOutputEvent, sendErr)
-		case e := <-installOutput:
+		case b := <-installOutput:
-			sendErr := h.SendJson(Message{Event: server.InstallOutputEvent, Args: []string{string(e)}})
+			sendErr := h.SendJson(Message{Event: server.InstallOutputEvent, Args: []string{string(b)}})
 			if sendErr == nil {
 				continue
 			}
 			onError(server.InstallOutputEvent, sendErr)
-		case e := <-eventChan:
+		case b := <-eventChan:
+			var e events.Event
+			if err := events.DecodeTo(b, &e); err != nil {
+				continue
+			}
 			var sendErr error
 			message := Message{Event: e.Topic}
 			if str, ok := e.Data.(string); ok {
@@ -148,9 +154,9 @@ func (h *Handler) listenForServerEvents(ctx context.Context) error {
 	}
 
 	// These functions will automatically close the channel if it hasn't been already.
-	h.server.Events().Off(eventChan, e...)
+	h.server.Events().Off(eventChan)
-	h.server.Sink(server.LogSink).Off(logOutput)
+	h.server.Sink(system.LogSink).Off(logOutput)
-	h.server.Sink(server.InstallSink).Off(installOutput)
+	h.server.Sink(system.InstallSink).Off(installOutput)
 
 	// If the internal context is stopped it is either because the parent context
 	// got canceled or because we ran into an error. If the "err" variable is nil
@@ -158,6 +164,5 @@ func (h *Handler) listenForServerEvents(ctx context.Context) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return errors.WithStack(err)
 	}
-
 	return nil
 }

router/websocket/websocket.go

@@ -11,9 +11,10 @@ import (
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"github.com/apex/log"
 	"github.com/gbrlsnchs/jwt/v3"
+	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
 	"github.com/gorilla/websocket"
-	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
 
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/environment"
@@ -353,7 +354,7 @@ func (h *Handler) HandleInbound(ctx context.Context, m Message) error {
 			}
 
 			err := h.server.HandlePowerAction(action)
-			if errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+			if errors.Is(err, system.ErrLockerLocked) {
 				m, _ := h.GetErrorMessage("another power action is currently being processed for this server, please try again later")
 
 				_ = h.SendJson(Message{

server/backup.go

@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ func (s *Server) RestoreBackup(b backup.BackupInterface, reader io.ReadCloser) (
 	// instance, otherwise you'll likely hit all types of write errors due to the
 	// server being suspended.
 	if s.Environment.State() != environment.ProcessOfflineState {
-		if err = s.Environment.WaitForStop(120, false); err != nil {
+		if err = s.Environment.WaitForStop(s.Context(), time.Minute*2, false); err != nil {
 			if !client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
 				return errors.WrapIf(err, "server/backup: restore: failed to wait for container stop")
 			}

server/config_parser.go

@@ -6,12 +6,14 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gammazero/workerpool"
 )
 
-// Parent function that will update all of the defined configuration files for a server
+// UpdateConfigurationFiles updates all of the defined configuration files for
-// automatically to ensure that they always use the specified values.
+// a server automatically to ensure that they always use the specified values.
 func (s *Server) UpdateConfigurationFiles() {
 	pool := workerpool.New(runtime.NumCPU())
 
+	s.Log().Debug("acquiring process configuration files...")
 	files := s.ProcessConfiguration().ConfigurationFiles
+	s.Log().Debug("acquired process configuration files")
 	for _, cf := range files {
 		f := cf
 
@@ -26,6 +28,8 @@ func (s *Server) UpdateConfigurationFiles() {
 			if err := f.Parse(p, false); err != nil {
 				s.Log().WithField("error", err).Error("failed to parse and update server configuration file")
 			}
+
+			s.Log().WithField("path", f.FileName).Debug("finished processing server configuration file")
 		})
 	}
 

server/console_test.go

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ func TestName(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 
 		g.It("calls strike once per time period", func() {
-			t := newConsoleThrottle(1, time.Millisecond * 20)
+			t := newConsoleThrottle(1, time.Millisecond*20)
 
 			var times int
 			t.strike = func() {
@@ -53,10 +53,10 @@ func TestName(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func BenchmarkConsoleThrottle(b *testing.B) {
-	t := newConsoleThrottle(10, time.Millisecond * 10)
+	t := newConsoleThrottle(10, time.Millisecond*10)
 
 	b.ReportAllocs()
-    for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-        t.Allow()
+		t.Allow()
-    }
+	}
-}
+}

server/events.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package server
 
 import (
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/events"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
 )
 
 // Defines all of the possible output events for a server.
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ const (
 	TransferStatusEvent         = "transfer status"
 )
 
-// Returns the server's emitter instance.
+// Events returns the server's emitter instance.
 func (s *Server) Events() *events.Bus {
 	s.emitterLock.Lock()
 	defer s.emitterLock.Unlock()
@@ -31,3 +32,24 @@ func (s *Server) Events() *events.Bus {
 
 	return s.emitter
 }
+
+// Sink returns the instantiated and named sink for a server. If the sink has
+// not been configured yet this function will cause a panic condition.
+func (s *Server) Sink(name system.SinkName) *system.SinkPool {
+	sink, ok := s.sinks[name]
+	if !ok {
+		s.Log().Fatalf("attempt to access nil sink: %s", name)
+	}
+	return sink
+}
+
+// DestroyAllSinks iterates over all of the sinks configured for the server and
+// destroys their instances. Note that this will cause a panic if you attempt
+// to call Server.Sink() again after. This function is only used when a server
+// is being deleted from the system.
+func (s *Server) DestroyAllSinks() {
+	s.Log().Info("destroying all registered sinks for server instance")
+	for _, sink := range s.sinks {
+		sink.Destroy()
+	}
+}

server/install.go

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"github.com/apex/log"
@@ -17,23 +18,23 @@ import (
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/mount"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/client"
-
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/environment"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/remote"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
 )
 
-// Executes the installation stack for a server process. Bubbles any errors up to the calling
+// Install executes the installation stack for a server process. Bubbles any
-// function which should handle contacting the panel to notify it of the server state.
+// errors up to the calling function which should handle contacting the panel to
+// notify it of the server state.
 //
-// Pass true as the first argument in order to execute a server sync before the process to
+// Pass true as the first argument in order to execute a server sync before the
-// ensure the latest information is used.
+// process to ensure the latest information is used.
 func (s *Server) Install(sync bool) error {
 	if sync {
 		s.Log().Info("syncing server state with remote source before executing installation process")
 		if err := s.Sync(); err != nil {
-			return err
+			return errors.WrapIf(err, "install: failed to sync server state with Panel")
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ func (s *Server) Install(sync bool) error {
 		// error to this log entry. Otherwise ignore it in this log since whatever is calling
 		// this function should handle the error and will end up logging the same one.
 		if err == nil {
-			l.WithField("error", serr)
+			l.WithField("error", err)
 		}
 
 		l.Warn("failed to notify panel of server install state")
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ func (s *Server) Install(sync bool) error {
 	// the install is completed.
 	s.Events().Publish(InstallCompletedEvent, "")
 
-	return err
+	return errors.WithStackIf(err)
 }
 
 // Reinstalls a server's software by utilizing the install script for the server egg. This
@@ -79,8 +80,8 @@ func (s *Server) Install(sync bool) error {
 func (s *Server) Reinstall() error {
 	if s.Environment.State() != environment.ProcessOfflineState {
 		s.Log().Debug("waiting for server instance to enter a stopped state")
-		if err := s.Environment.WaitForStop(10, true); err != nil {
+		if err := s.Environment.WaitForStop(s.Context(), time.Second*10, true); err != nil {
-			return err
+			return errors.WrapIf(err, "install: failed to stop running environment")
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -110,9 +111,7 @@ func (s *Server) internalInstall() error {
 type InstallationProcess struct {
 	Server *Server
 	Script *remote.InstallationScript
-
+	client *client.Client
-	client  *client.Client
-	context context.Context
 }
 
 // Generates a new installation process struct that will be used to create containers,
@@ -127,7 +126,6 @@ func NewInstallationProcess(s *Server, script *remote.InstallationScript) (*Inst
 		return nil, err
 	} else {
 		proc.client = c
-		proc.context = s.Context()
 	}
 
 	return proc, nil
@@ -157,7 +155,7 @@ func (s *Server) SetRestoring(state bool) {
 
 // Removes the installer container for the server.
 func (ip *InstallationProcess) RemoveContainer() error {
-	err := ip.client.ContainerRemove(ip.context, ip.Server.ID()+"_installer", types.ContainerRemoveOptions{
+	err := ip.client.ContainerRemove(ip.Server.Context(), ip.Server.ID()+"_installer", types.ContainerRemoveOptions{
 		RemoveVolumes: true,
 		Force:         true,
 	})
@@ -167,11 +165,10 @@ func (ip *InstallationProcess) RemoveContainer() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// Runs the installation process, this is done as in a background thread. This will configure
+// Run runs the installation process, this is done as in a background thread.
-// the required environment, and then spin up the installation container.
+// This will configure the required environment, and then spin up the
-//
+// installation container. Once the container finishes installing the results
-// Once the container finishes installing the results will be stored in an installation
+// are stored in an installation log in the server's configuration directory.
-// log in the server's configuration directory.
 func (ip *InstallationProcess) Run() error {
 	ip.Server.Log().Debug("acquiring installation process lock")
 	if !ip.Server.installing.SwapIf(true) {
@@ -207,7 +204,7 @@ func (ip *InstallationProcess) Run() error {
 
 // Returns the location of the temporary data for the installation process.
 func (ip *InstallationProcess) tempDir() string {
-	return filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), "pterodactyl/", ip.Server.ID())
+	return filepath.Join(config.Get().System.TmpDirectory, ip.Server.ID())
 }
 
 // Writes the installation script to a temporary file on the host machine so that it
@@ -267,9 +264,9 @@ func (ip *InstallationProcess) pullInstallationImage() error {
 		imagePullOptions.RegistryAuth = b64
 	}
 
-	r, err := ip.client.ImagePull(context.Background(), ip.Script.ContainerImage, imagePullOptions)
+	r, err := ip.client.ImagePull(ip.Server.Context(), ip.Script.ContainerImage, imagePullOptions)
 	if err != nil {
-		images, ierr := ip.client.ImageList(context.Background(), types.ImageListOptions{})
+		images, ierr := ip.client.ImageList(ip.Server.Context(), types.ImageListOptions{})
 		if ierr != nil {
 			// Well damn, something has gone really wrong here, just go ahead and abort there
 			// isn't much anything we can do to try and self-recover from this.
@@ -312,9 +309,10 @@ func (ip *InstallationProcess) pullInstallationImage() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// Runs before the container is executed. This pulls down the required docker container image
+// BeforeExecute runs before the container is executed. This pulls down the
-// as well as writes the installation script to the disk. This process is executed in an async
+// required docker container image as well as writes the installation script to
-// manner, if either one fails the error is returned.
+// the disk. This process is executed in an async manner, if either one fails
+// the error is returned.
 func (ip *InstallationProcess) BeforeExecute() error {
 	if err := ip.writeScriptToDisk(); err != nil {
 		return errors.WithMessage(err, "failed to write installation script to disk")
@@ -340,7 +338,7 @@ func (ip *InstallationProcess) AfterExecute(containerId string) error {
 	defer ip.RemoveContainer()
 
 	ip.Server.Log().WithField("container_id", containerId).Debug("pulling installation logs for server")
-	reader, err := ip.client.ContainerLogs(ip.context, containerId, types.ContainerLogsOptions{
+	reader, err := ip.client.ContainerLogs(ip.Server.Context(), containerId, types.ContainerLogsOptions{
 		ShowStdout: true,
 		ShowStderr: true,
 		Follow:     false,
@@ -395,12 +393,13 @@ func (ip *InstallationProcess) AfterExecute(containerId string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// Executes the installation process inside a specially created docker container.
+// Execute executes the installation process inside a specially created docker
+// container.
 func (ip *InstallationProcess) Execute() (string, error) {
 	// Create a child context that is canceled once this function is done running. This
 	// will also be canceled if the parent context (from the Server struct) is canceled
 	// which occurs if the server is deleted.
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ip.context)
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ip.Server.Context())
 	defer cancel()
 
 	conf := &container.Config{
@@ -511,18 +510,15 @@ func (ip *InstallationProcess) Execute() (string, error) {
 // the server configuration directory, as well as to a websocket listener so
 // that the process can be viewed in the panel by administrators.
 func (ip *InstallationProcess) StreamOutput(ctx context.Context, id string) error {
-	reader, err := ip.client.ContainerLogs(ctx, id, types.ContainerLogsOptions{
+	opts := types.ContainerLogsOptions{ShowStdout: true, ShowStderr: true, Follow: true}
-		ShowStdout: true,
+	reader, err := ip.client.ContainerLogs(ctx, id, opts)
-		ShowStderr: true,
-		Follow:     true,
-	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	defer reader.Close()
 
-	err = system.ScanReader(reader, ip.Server.Sink(InstallSink).Push)
+	err = system.ScanReader(reader, ip.Server.Sink(system.InstallSink).Push)
-	if err != nil {
+	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
 		ip.Server.Log().WithFields(log.Fields{"container_id": id, "error": err}).Warn("error processing install output lines")
 	}
 	return nil

server/listeners.go

@@ -5,11 +5,13 @@ import (
 	"regexp"
 	"strconv"
 	"sync"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/events"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
 
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/environment"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/events"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/remote"
 )
 
@@ -44,7 +46,7 @@ func (dsl *diskSpaceLimiter) Reset() {
 func (dsl *diskSpaceLimiter) Trigger() {
 	dsl.o.Do(func() {
 		dsl.server.PublishConsoleOutputFromDaemon("Server is exceeding the assigned disk space limit, stopping process now.")
-		if err := dsl.server.Environment.WaitForStop(60, true); err != nil {
+		if err := dsl.server.Environment.WaitForStop(dsl.server.Context(), time.Minute, true); err != nil {
 			dsl.server.Log().WithField("error", err).Error("failed to stop server after exceeding space limit!")
 		}
 	})
@@ -72,47 +74,57 @@ func (s *Server) processConsoleOutputEvent(v []byte) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	s.Sink(LogSink).Push(v)
+	s.Sink(system.LogSink).Push(v)
 }
 
 // StartEventListeners adds all the internal event listeners we want to use for
 // a server. These listeners can only be removed by deleting the server as they
 // should last for the duration of the process' lifetime.
 func (s *Server) StartEventListeners() {
-	state := make(chan events.Event)
+	c := make(chan []byte, 8)
-	stats := make(chan events.Event)
+	limit := newDiskLimiter(s)
-	docker := make(chan events.Event)
+
+	s.Log().Debug("registering event listeners: console, state, resources...")
+	s.Environment.Events().On(c)
+	s.Environment.SetLogCallback(s.processConsoleOutputEvent)
 
 	go func() {
-		l := newDiskLimiter(s)
-
 		for {
 			select {
-			case e := <-state:
+			case v := <-c:
-				go func() {
+				go func(v []byte, limit *diskSpaceLimiter) {
-					// Reset the throttler when the process is started.
+					var e events.Event
-					if e.Data == environment.ProcessStartingState {
+					if err := events.DecodeTo(v, &e); err != nil {
-						l.Reset()
+						return
-						s.Throttler().Reset()
 					}
-
-					s.OnStateChange()
-				}()
-			case e := <-stats:
-				go func() {
-					s.resources.UpdateStats(e.Data.(environment.Stats))
-
-					// If there is no disk space available at this point, trigger the server
-					// disk limiter logic which will start to stop the running instance.
-					if !s.Filesystem().HasSpaceAvailable(true) {
-						l.Trigger()
-					}
-
-					s.Events().Publish(StatsEvent, s.Proc())
-				}()
-			case e := <-docker:
-				go func() {
 					switch e.Topic {
+					case environment.ResourceEvent:
+						{
+							var stats struct {
+								Topic string
+								Data  environment.Stats
+							}
+							if err := events.DecodeTo(v, &stats); err != nil {
+								s.Log().WithField("error", err).Warn("failed to decode server resource event")
+								return
+							}
+							s.resources.UpdateStats(stats.Data)
+							// If there is no disk space available at this point, trigger the server
+							// disk limiter logic which will start to stop the running instance.
+							if !s.Filesystem().HasSpaceAvailable(true) {
+								limit.Trigger()
+							}
+							s.Events().Publish(StatsEvent, s.Proc())
+						}
+					case environment.StateChangeEvent:
+						{
+							// Reset the throttler when the process is started.
+							if e.Data == environment.ProcessStartingState {
+								limit.Reset()
+								s.Throttler().Reset()
+							}
+							s.OnStateChange()
+						}
 					case environment.DockerImagePullStatus:
 						s.Events().Publish(InstallOutputEvent, e.Data)
 					case environment.DockerImagePullStarted:
@@ -120,18 +132,13 @@ func (s *Server) StartEventListeners() {
 					case environment.DockerImagePullCompleted:
 						s.PublishConsoleOutputFromDaemon("Finished pulling Docker container image")
 					default:
-						s.Log().WithField("topic", e.Topic).Error("unhandled docker event topic")
 					}
-				}()
+				}(v, limit)
+			case <-s.Context().Done():
+				return
 			}
 		}
 	}()
-
-	s.Log().Debug("registering event listeners: console, state, resources...")
-	s.Environment.SetLogCallback(s.processConsoleOutputEvent)
-	s.Environment.Events().On(state, environment.StateChangeEvent)
-	s.Environment.Events().On(stats, environment.ResourceEvent)
-	s.Environment.Events().On(docker, dockerEvents...)
 }
 
 var stripAnsiRegex = regexp.MustCompile("[\u001B\u009B][[\\]()#;?]*(?:(?:(?:[a-zA-Z\\d]*(?:;[a-zA-Z\\d]*)*)?\u0007)|(?:(?:\\d{1,4}(?:;\\d{0,4})*)?[\\dA-PRZcf-ntqry=><~]))")

server/power.go

@@ -133,11 +133,11 @@ func (s *Server) HandlePowerAction(action PowerAction, waitSeconds ...int) error
 
 		return s.Environment.Start(s.Context())
 	case PowerActionStop:
-		// We're specifically waiting for the process to be stopped here, otherwise the lock is released
+		fallthrough
-		// too soon, and you can rack up all sorts of issues.
-		return s.Environment.WaitForStop(10*60, true)
 	case PowerActionRestart:
-		if err := s.Environment.WaitForStop(10*60, true); err != nil {
+		// We're specifically waiting for the process to be stopped here, otherwise the lock is
+		// released too soon, and you can rack up all sorts of issues.
+		if err := s.Environment.WaitForStop(s.Context(), time.Minute*10, true); err != nil {
 			// Even timeout errors should be bubbled back up the stack. If the process didn't stop
 			// nicely, but the terminate argument was passed then the server is stopped without an
 			// error being returned.
@@ -149,6 +149,10 @@ func (s *Server) HandlePowerAction(action PowerAction, waitSeconds ...int) error
 			return err
 		}
 
+		if action == PowerActionStop {
+			return nil
+		}
+
 		// Now actually try to start the process by executing the normal pre-boot logic.
 		if err := s.onBeforeStart(); err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -156,7 +160,7 @@ func (s *Server) HandlePowerAction(action PowerAction, waitSeconds ...int) error
 
 		return s.Environment.Start(s.Context())
 	case PowerActionTerminate:
-		return s.Environment.Terminate(os.Kill)
+		return s.Environment.Terminate(s.Context(), os.Kill)
 	}
 
 	return errors.New("attempting to handle unknown power action")
@@ -197,15 +201,19 @@ func (s *Server) onBeforeStart() error {
 	// we don't need to actively do anything about it at this point, worse comes to worst the
 	// server starts in a weird state and the user can manually adjust.
 	s.PublishConsoleOutputFromDaemon("Updating process configuration files...")
+	s.Log().Debug("updating server configuration files...")
 	s.UpdateConfigurationFiles()
+	s.Log().Debug("updated server configuration files")
 
 	if config.Get().System.CheckPermissionsOnBoot {
 		s.PublishConsoleOutputFromDaemon("Ensuring file permissions are set correctly, this could take a few seconds...")
 		// Ensure all the server file permissions are set correctly before booting the process.
+		s.Log().Debug("chowning server root directory...")
 		if err := s.Filesystem().Chown("/"); err != nil {
 			return errors.WithMessage(err, "failed to chown root server directory during pre-boot process")
 		}
 	}
 
+	s.Log().Info("completed server preflight, starting boot process...")
 	return nil
 }

server/server.go

@@ -70,10 +70,10 @@ type Server struct {
 	wsBag       *WebsocketBag
 	wsBagLocker sync.Mutex
 
-	sinks map[SinkName]*sinkPool
+	sinks map[system.SinkName]*system.SinkPool
 
-	logSink     *sinkPool
+	logSink     *system.SinkPool
-	installSink *sinkPool
+	installSink *system.SinkPool
 }
 
 // New returns a new server instance with a context and all of the default
@@ -88,9 +88,9 @@ func New(client remote.Client) (*Server, error) {
 		transferring: system.NewAtomicBool(false),
 		restoring:    system.NewAtomicBool(false),
 		powerLock:    system.NewLocker(),
-		sinks: map[SinkName]*sinkPool{
+		sinks: map[system.SinkName]*system.SinkPool{
-			LogSink:     newSinkPool(),
+			system.LogSink:     system.NewSinkPool(),
-			InstallSink: newSinkPool(),
+			system.InstallSink: system.NewSinkPool(),
 		},
 	}
 	if err := defaults.Set(&s); err != nil {

server/update.go

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package server
 
 import (
+	"time"
+
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/environment/docker"
 
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/environment"
@@ -58,7 +60,7 @@ func (s *Server) SyncWithEnvironment() {
 			s.Log().Info("server suspended with running process state, terminating now")
 
 			go func(s *Server) {
-				if err := s.Environment.WaitForStop(60, true); err != nil {
+				if err := s.Environment.WaitForStop(s.Context(), time.Minute, true); err != nil {
 					s.Log().WithField("error", err).Warn("failed to terminate server environment after suspension")
 				}
 			}(s)

sftp/handler.go

@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ func (h *Handler) Filewrite(request *sftp.Request) (io.WriterAt, error) {
 	return f, nil
 }
 
-// Filecmd hander for basic SFTP system calls related to files, but not anything to do with reading
+// Filecmd handler for basic SFTP system calls related to files, but not anything to do with reading
 // or writing to those files.
 func (h *Handler) Filecmd(request *sftp.Request) error {
 	if h.ro {

sftp/server.go

@@ -1,11 +1,17 @@
 package sftp
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
+	"crypto/ecdsa"
+	"crypto/ed25519"
+	"crypto/elliptic"
 	"crypto/rand"
+	"crypto/rsa"
 	"crypto/x509"
 	"encoding/pem"
 	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
 	"net"
 	"os"
 	"path"
@@ -16,7 +22,6 @@ import (
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"github.com/apex/log"
 	"github.com/pkg/sftp"
-	"golang.org/x/crypto/ed25519"
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
 
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
@@ -51,37 +56,28 @@ func New(m *server.Manager) *SFTPServer {
 // SFTP connections. This will automatically generate an ED25519 key if one does
 // not already exist on the system for host key verification purposes.
 func (c *SFTPServer) Run() error {
-	if _, err := os.Stat(c.PrivateKeyPath()); os.IsNotExist(err) {
+	keys, err := c.loadPrivateKeys()
-		if err := c.generateED25519PrivateKey(); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	} else if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "sftp: could not stat private key file")
-	}
-	pb, err := os.ReadFile(c.PrivateKeyPath())
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "sftp: could not read private key file")
-	}
-	private, err := ssh.ParsePrivateKey(pb)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
 	conf := &ssh.ServerConfig{
-		NoClientAuth:     false,
+		NoClientAuth:      false,
-		MaxAuthTries:     6,
+		MaxAuthTries:      6,
-		PasswordCallback: c.passwordCallback,
+		PasswordCallback:  c.passwordCallback,
+		PublicKeyCallback: c.publicKeyCallback,
+	}
+
+	for _, k := range keys {
+		conf.AddHostKey(k)
 	}
-	conf.AddHostKey(private)
 
 	listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", c.Listen)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	public := string(ssh.MarshalAuthorizedKey(private.PublicKey()))
+	log.WithField("listen", c.Listen).Info("sftp server listening for connections")
-	log.WithField("listen", c.Listen).WithField("public_key", strings.Trim(public, "\n")).Info("sftp server listening for connections")
-
 	for {
 		if conn, _ := listener.Accept(); conn != nil {
 			go func(conn net.Conn) {
@@ -107,7 +103,7 @@ func (c *SFTPServer) AcceptInbound(conn net.Conn, config *ssh.ServerConfig) {
 		// If its not a session channel we just move on because its not something we
 		// know how to handle at this point.
 		if ch.ChannelType() != "session" {
-			ch.Reject(ssh.UnknownChannelType, "unknown channel type")
+			_ = ch.Reject(ssh.UnknownChannelType, "unknown channel type")
 			continue
 		}
 
@@ -121,7 +117,7 @@ func (c *SFTPServer) AcceptInbound(conn net.Conn, config *ssh.ServerConfig) {
 				// Channels have a type that is dependent on the protocol. For SFTP
 				// this is "subsystem" with a payload that (should) be "sftp". Discard
 				// anything else we receive ("pty", "shell", etc)
-				req.Reply(req.Type == "subsystem" && string(req.Payload[4:]) == "sftp", nil)
+				_ = req.Reply(req.Type == "subsystem" && string(req.Payload[4:]) == "sftp", nil)
 			}
 		}(requests)
 
@@ -139,6 +135,7 @@ func (c *SFTPServer) AcceptInbound(conn net.Conn, config *ssh.ServerConfig) {
 			return s.ID() == uuid
 		})
 		if srv == nil {
+			_ = conn.Close()
 			continue
 		}
 
@@ -146,37 +143,160 @@ func (c *SFTPServer) AcceptInbound(conn net.Conn, config *ssh.ServerConfig) {
 		// them access to the underlying filesystem.
 		handler := sftp.NewRequestServer(channel, NewHandler(sconn, srv).Handlers())
 		if err := handler.Serve(); err == io.EOF {
-			handler.Close()
+			_ = handler.Close()
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-// Generates a new ED25519 private key that is used for host authentication when
+func (c *SFTPServer) loadPrivateKeys() ([]ssh.Signer, error) {
-// a user connects to the SFTP server.
+	if _, err := os.Stat(path.Join(c.BasePath, ".sftp/id_rsa")); err != nil {
-func (c *SFTPServer) generateED25519PrivateKey() error {
+		if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
-	_, priv, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+			return nil, err
-	if err != nil {
+		}
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "sftp: failed to generate ED25519 private key")
+
+		if err := c.generateRSAPrivateKey(); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
 	}
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(path.Dir(c.PrivateKeyPath()), 0o755); err != nil {
+	rsaBytes, err := ioutil.ReadFile(path.Join(c.BasePath, ".sftp/id_rsa"))
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "sftp: could not create internal sftp data directory")
-	}
-	o, err := os.OpenFile(c.PrivateKeyPath(), os.O_RDWR|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC, 0o600)
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.WithStack(err)
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "sftp/server: could not read private key file")
+	}
+	rsaPrivateKey, err := ssh.ParsePrivateKey(rsaBytes)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if _, err := os.Stat(path.Join(c.BasePath, ".sftp/id_ecdsa")); err != nil {
+		if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		if err := c.generateECDSAPrivateKey(); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	ecdsaBytes, err := ioutil.ReadFile(path.Join(c.BasePath, ".sftp/id_ecdsa"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "sftp/server: could not read private key file")
+	}
+	ecdsaPrivateKey, err := ssh.ParsePrivateKey(ecdsaBytes)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if _, err := os.Stat(path.Join(c.BasePath, ".sftp/id_ed25519")); err != nil {
+		if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		if err := c.generateEd25519PrivateKey(); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	ed25519Bytes, err := ioutil.ReadFile(path.Join(c.BasePath, ".sftp/id_ed25519"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "sftp/server: could not read private key file")
+	}
+	ed25519PrivateKey, err := ssh.ParsePrivateKey(ed25519Bytes)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return []ssh.Signer{
+		rsaPrivateKey,
+		ecdsaPrivateKey,
+		ed25519PrivateKey,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// generateRSAPrivateKey generates a RSA-4096 private key that will be used by the SFTP server.
+func (c *SFTPServer) generateRSAPrivateKey() error {
+	key, err := rsa.GenerateKey(rand.Reader, 4096)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(path.Dir(c.PrivateKeyPath("rsa")), 0o755); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "sftp/server: could not create .sftp directory")
+	}
+	o, err := os.OpenFile(c.PrivateKeyPath("rsa"), os.O_RDWR|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC, 0o600)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 	defer o.Close()
 
-	b, err := x509.MarshalPKCS8PrivateKey(priv)
+	if err := pem.Encode(o, &pem.Block{
-	if err != nil {
+		Type:  "RSA PRIVATE KEY",
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "sftp: failed to marshal private key into bytes")
+		Bytes: x509.MarshalPKCS1PrivateKey(key),
-	}
+	}); err != nil {
-	if err := pem.Encode(o, &pem.Block{Type: "PRIVATE KEY", Bytes: b}); err != nil {
+		return err
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "sftp: failed to write ED25519 private key to disk")
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
+// generateECDSAPrivateKey generates a ECDSA-P256 private key that will be used by the SFTP server.
+func (c *SFTPServer) generateECDSAPrivateKey() error {
+	key, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P521(), rand.Reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(path.Dir(c.PrivateKeyPath("ecdsa")), 0o755); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "sftp/server: could not create .sftp directory")
+	}
+	o, err := os.OpenFile(c.PrivateKeyPath("ecdsa"), os.O_RDWR|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC, 0o600)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer o.Close()
+
+	privBytes, err := x509.MarshalPKCS8PrivateKey(key)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := pem.Encode(o, &pem.Block{
+		Type:  "PRIVATE KEY",
+		Bytes: privBytes,
+	}); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// generateEd25519PrivateKey generates an ed25519 private key that will be used by the SFTP server.
+func (c *SFTPServer) generateEd25519PrivateKey() error {
+	_, key, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(path.Dir(c.PrivateKeyPath("ed25519")), 0o755); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "sftp/server: could not create .sftp directory")
+	}
+	o, err := os.OpenFile(c.PrivateKeyPath("ed25519"), os.O_RDWR|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC, 0o600)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer o.Close()
+
+	privBytes, err := x509.MarshalPKCS8PrivateKey(key)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := pem.Encode(o, &pem.Block{
+		Type:  "PRIVATE KEY",
+		Bytes: privBytes,
+	}); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// PrivateKeyPath returns the path the host private key for this server instance.
+func (c *SFTPServer) PrivateKeyPath(name string) string {
+	return path.Join(c.BasePath, ".sftp", "id_"+name)
+}
+
 // A function capable of validating user credentials with the Panel API.
 func (c *SFTPServer) passwordCallback(conn ssh.ConnMetadata, pass []byte) (*ssh.Permissions, error) {
 	request := remote.SftpAuthRequest{
@@ -185,6 +305,7 @@ func (c *SFTPServer) passwordCallback(conn ssh.ConnMetadata, pass []byte) (*ssh.
 		IP:            conn.RemoteAddr().String(),
 		SessionID:     conn.SessionID(),
 		ClientVersion: conn.ClientVersion(),
+		Type:          "password",
 	}
 
 	logger := log.WithFields(log.Fields{"subsystem": "sftp", "username": conn.User(), "ip": conn.RemoteAddr().String()})
@@ -195,6 +316,11 @@ func (c *SFTPServer) passwordCallback(conn ssh.ConnMetadata, pass []byte) (*ssh.
 		return nil, &remote.SftpInvalidCredentialsError{}
 	}
 
+	if len(pass) < 1 {
+		logger.Warn("failed to validate user credentials (invalid format)")
+		return nil, &remote.SftpInvalidCredentialsError{}
+	}
+
 	resp, err := c.manager.Client().ValidateSftpCredentials(context.Background(), request)
 	if err != nil {
 		if _, ok := err.(*remote.SftpInvalidCredentialsError); ok {
@@ -217,7 +343,55 @@ func (c *SFTPServer) passwordCallback(conn ssh.ConnMetadata, pass []byte) (*ssh.
 	return sshPerm, nil
 }
 
-// PrivateKeyPath returns the path the host private key for this server instance.
+func (c *SFTPServer) publicKeyCallback(conn ssh.ConnMetadata, key ssh.PublicKey) (*ssh.Permissions, error) {
-func (c *SFTPServer) PrivateKeyPath() string {
+	request := remote.SftpAuthRequest{
-	return path.Join(c.BasePath, ".sftp/id_ed25519")
+		User:          conn.User(),
+		Pass:          "KEKW",
+		IP:            conn.RemoteAddr().String(),
+		SessionID:     conn.SessionID(),
+		ClientVersion: conn.ClientVersion(),
+		Type:          "publicKey",
+	}
+
+	logger := log.WithFields(log.Fields{"subsystem": "sftp", "username": conn.User(), "ip": conn.RemoteAddr().String()})
+	logger.Debug("validating public key for SFTP connection")
+
+	if !validUsernameRegexp.MatchString(request.User) {
+		logger.Warn("failed to validate user credentials (invalid format)")
+		return nil, &remote.SftpInvalidCredentialsError{}
+	}
+
+	resp, err := c.manager.Client().ValidateSftpCredentials(context.Background(), request)
+	if err != nil {
+		if _, ok := err.(*remote.SftpInvalidCredentialsError); ok {
+			logger.Warn("failed to validate user credentials (invalid username or password)")
+		} else {
+			logger.WithField("error", err).Error("encountered an error while trying to validate user credentials")
+		}
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if len(resp.SSHKeys) < 1 {
+		return nil, &remote.SftpInvalidCredentialsError{}
+	}
+
+	for _, k := range resp.SSHKeys {
+		storedPublicKey, _, _, _, err := ssh.ParseAuthorizedKey([]byte(k))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		if !bytes.Equal(key.Marshal(), storedPublicKey.Marshal()) {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		return &ssh.Permissions{
+			Extensions: map[string]string{
+				"uuid":        resp.Server,
+				"user":        conn.User(),
+				"permissions": strings.Join(resp.Permissions, ","),
+			},
+		}, nil
+	}
+	return nil, &remote.SftpInvalidCredentialsError{}
 }

system/locker.go

@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@ func (l *Locker) Acquire() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-
 // TryAcquire will attempt to acquire a power-lock until the context provided
 // is canceled.
 func (l *Locker) TryAcquire(ctx context.Context) error {
@@ -51,7 +50,9 @@ func (l *Locker) TryAcquire(ctx context.Context) error {
 		return nil
 	case <-ctx.Done():
 		if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
-			return err
+			if errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) || errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
+				return ErrLockerLocked
+			}
 		}
 		return nil
 	}

system/locker_test.go

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ func TestPower(t *testing.T) {
 				err := l.TryAcquire(ctx)
 
 				g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
-				g.Assert(errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded)).IsTrue()
+				g.Assert(errors.Is(err, ErrLockerLocked)).IsTrue()
 				g.Assert(cap(l.ch)).Equal(1)
 				g.Assert(len(l.ch)).Equal(1)
 				g.Assert(l.IsLocked()).IsTrue()
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ func TestPower(t *testing.T) {
 
 				l.Acquire()
 				go func() {
-					time.AfterFunc(time.Millisecond * 50, func() {
+					time.AfterFunc(time.Millisecond*50, func() {
 						l.Release()
 					})
 				}()

system/rate.go

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ func (r *Rate) Try() bool {
 // Reset resets the internal state of the rate limiter back to zero.
 func (r *Rate) Reset() {
 	r.mu.Lock()
-    r.count = 0
+	r.count = 0
-    r.last = time.Now()
+	r.last = time.Now()
 	r.mu.Unlock()
-}
+}

system/rate_test.go

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ func TestRate(t *testing.T) {
 		g.It("resets back to zero when called", func() {
 			r := NewRate(10, time.Second)
 			for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
-				if i % 10 == 0 {
+				if i%10 == 0 {
 					r.Reset()
 				}
 				g.Assert(r.Try()).IsTrue()

system/sink_pool.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package server
+package system
 
 import (
 	"sync"
@@ -16,20 +16,20 @@ const (
 	InstallSink SinkName = "install"
 )
 
-// sinkPool represents a pool with sinks.
+// SinkPool represents a pool with sinks.
-type sinkPool struct {
+type SinkPool struct {
 	mu    sync.RWMutex
 	sinks []chan []byte
 }
 
-// newSinkPool returns a new empty sinkPool. A sink pool generally lives with a
+// NewSinkPool returns a new empty SinkPool. A sink pool generally lives with a
 // server instance for it's full lifetime.
-func newSinkPool() *sinkPool {
+func NewSinkPool() *SinkPool {
-	return &sinkPool{}
+	return &SinkPool{}
 }
 
 // On adds a channel to the sink pool instance.
-func (p *sinkPool) On(c chan []byte) {
+func (p *SinkPool) On(c chan []byte) {
 	p.mu.Lock()
 	p.sinks = append(p.sinks, c)
 	p.mu.Unlock()
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ func (p *sinkPool) On(c chan []byte) {
 
 // Off removes a given channel from the sink pool. If no matching sink is found
 // this function is a no-op. If a matching channel is found, it will be removed.
-func (p *sinkPool) Off(c chan []byte) {
+func (p *SinkPool) Off(c chan []byte) {
 	p.mu.Lock()
 	defer p.mu.Unlock()
 
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ func (p *sinkPool) Off(c chan []byte) {
 
 // Destroy destroys the pool by removing and closing all sinks and destroying
 // all of the channels that are present.
-func (p *sinkPool) Destroy() {
+func (p *SinkPool) Destroy() {
 	p.mu.Lock()
 	defer p.mu.Unlock()
 
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ func (p *sinkPool) Destroy() {
 // likely the best option anyways. This uses waitgroups to allow every channel
 // to attempt its send concurrently thus making the total blocking time of this
 // function "O(1)" instead of "O(n)".
-func (p *sinkPool) Push(data []byte) {
+func (p *SinkPool) Push(data []byte) {
 	p.mu.RLock()
 	defer p.mu.RUnlock()
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
@@ -119,24 +119,3 @@ func (p *sinkPool) Push(data []byte) {
 	}
 	wg.Wait()
 }
-
-// Sink returns the instantiated and named sink for a server. If the sink has
-// not been configured yet this function will cause a panic condition.
-func (s *Server) Sink(name SinkName) *sinkPool {
-	sink, ok := s.sinks[name]
-	if !ok {
-		s.Log().Fatalf("attempt to access nil sink: %s", name)
-	}
-	return sink
-}
-
-// DestroyAllSinks iterates over all of the sinks configured for the server and
-// destroys their instances. Note that this will cause a panic if you attempt
-// to call Server.Sink() again after. This function is only used when a server
-// is being deleted from the system.
-func (s *Server) DestroyAllSinks() {
-	s.Log().Info("destroying all registered sinks for server instance")
-	for _, sink := range s.sinks {
-		sink.Destroy()
-	}
-}

system/sink_pool_test.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package server
+package system
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ func TestSink(t *testing.T) {
 
 	g.Describe("SinkPool#On", func() {
 		g.It("pushes additional channels to a sink", func() {
-			pool := &sinkPool{}
+			pool := &SinkPool{}
 
 			g.Assert(pool.sinks).IsZero()
 
@@ -36,9 +36,9 @@ func TestSink(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	g.Describe("SinkPool#Off", func() {
-		var pool *sinkPool
+		var pool *SinkPool
 		g.BeforeEach(func() {
-			pool = &sinkPool{}
+			pool = &SinkPool{}
 		})
 
 		g.It("works when no sinks are registered", func() {
@@ -97,9 +97,9 @@ func TestSink(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	g.Describe("SinkPool#Push", func() {
-		var pool *sinkPool
+		var pool *SinkPool
 		g.BeforeEach(func() {
-			pool = &sinkPool{}
+			pool = &SinkPool{}
 		})
 
 		g.It("works when no sinks are registered", func() {
@@ -190,9 +190,9 @@ func TestSink(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	g.Describe("SinkPool#Destroy", func() {
-		var pool *sinkPool
+		var pool *SinkPool
 		g.BeforeEach(func() {
-			pool = &sinkPool{}
+			pool = &SinkPool{}
 		})
 
 		g.It("works if no sinks are registered", func() {

system/utils.go

@@ -3,12 +3,10 @@ package system
 import (
 	"bufio"
 	"bytes"
-	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"strconv"
 	"sync"
-	"time"
 
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
@@ -90,16 +88,16 @@ func ScanReader(r io.Reader, callback func(line []byte)) error {
 			} else {
 				buf.Write(line)
 			}
+			// If we encountered an error with something in ReadLine that was not an
+			// EOF just abort the entire process here.
+			if err != nil && err != io.EOF {
+				return err
+			}
 			// Finish this loop and begin outputting the line if there is no prefix
 			// (the line fit into the default buffer), or if we hit the end of the line.
 			if !isPrefix || err == io.EOF {
 				break
 			}
-			// If we encountered an error with something in ReadLine that was not an
-			// EOF just abort the entire process here.
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
 		}
 
 		// Send the full buffer length over to the event handler to be emitted in
@@ -122,22 +120,6 @@ func ScanReader(r io.Reader, callback func(line []byte)) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// Runs a given work function every "d" duration until the provided context is canceled.
-func Every(ctx context.Context, d time.Duration, work func(t time.Time)) {
-	ticker := time.NewTicker(d)
-	go func() {
-		for {
-			select {
-			case <-ctx.Done():
-				ticker.Stop()
-				return
-			case t := <-ticker.C:
-				work(t)
-			}
-		}
-	}()
-}
-
 func FormatBytes(b int64) string {
 	if b < 1024 {
 		return fmt.Sprintf("%d B", b)