attempt to update vhd on-the-fly

This is not currently working correctly — when setting the limit to 0 all existing files are destroyed. When setting it back to a non-zero value the old files are returned from the allocated disk.

This at least starts getting the code pathways in place to handle it and introduces some additional lock safety on the VHD management code.

.github/FUNDING.yml

@@ -1,2 +1 @@
-github: [ DaneEveritt ]
+github: [ matthewpi ]
-custom: [ "https://paypal.me/PterodactylSoftware" ]

.github/workflows/build-test.yml

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         os: [ ubuntu-20.04 ]
-        go: [ '^1.17' ]
+        go: [ '1.18.7' ]
         goos: [ linux ]
         goarch: [ amd64, arm64 ]
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
@@ -32,17 +32,20 @@ jobs:
           go env
           printf "\n\nSystem Environment:\n\n"
           env
-
+          printf "Git Version: $(git version)\n\n"
           echo "::set-output name=version_tag::${GITHUB_REF/refs\/tags\//}"
           echo "::set-output name=short_sha::$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)"
           echo "::set-output name=go_cache::$(go env GOCACHE)"
+          echo "::set-output name=go_mod_cache::$(go env GOMODCACHE)"
       - name: Build Cache
         uses: actions/cache@v2
         with:
-          path: ${{ steps.env.outputs.go_cache }}
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-go${{ matrix.go }}-${{ hashFiles('**/go.sum') }}
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.go }}-go-${{ hashFiles('**/go.sum') }}
           restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.go }}-go
+            ${{ runner.os }}-go${{ matrix.go }}-
+          path: |
+            ${{ steps.env.outputs.go_cache }}
+            ${{ steps.env.outputs.go_mod_cache }}
       - name: Get Dependencies
         run: |
           go get -v -t -d ./...
@@ -53,14 +56,20 @@ jobs:
           CGO_ENABLED: 0
           SRC_PATH: github.com/pterodactyl/wings
         run: |
-          go build -v -trimpath -ldflags="-s -w -X ${SRC_PATH}/system.Version=dev-${GIT_COMMIT:0:7}" -o build/wings_${{ matrix.goos }}_${{ matrix.goarch }} wings.go
+          go build -v -trimpath -ldflags="-s -w -X ${SRC_PATH}/system.Version=dev-${GIT_COMMIT:0:7}" -o build/wings_${GOOS}_${GOARCH} wings.go
-          upx build/wings_${{ matrix.goos }}_${{ matrix.goarch }}
+          go build -v -trimpath -ldflags="-X ${SRC_PATH}/system.Version=dev-${GIT_COMMIT:0:7}" -o build/wings_${GOOS}_${GOARCH}_debug wings.go
-          chmod +x build/wings_${{ matrix.goos }}_${{ matrix.goarch }}
+          chmod +x build/*
-      - name: Test
+      - name: Tests
-        run: go test ./...
+        run: go test -race ./...
-      - name: Upload Artifact
+      - name: Upload Release Artifact
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
         if: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/develop' || github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
         with:
-          name: wings_${{ matrix.goos }}_${{ matrix.goarch }}
+          name: wings_linux_${{ matrix.goarch }}
-          path: build/wings_${{ matrix.goos }}_${{ matrix.goarch }}
+          path: build/wings_linux_${{ matrix.goarch }}
+      - name: Upload Debug Artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+        if: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/develop' || github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
+        with:
+          name: wings_linux_${{ matrix.goarch }}_debug
+          path: build/wings_linux_${{ matrix.goarch }}_debug

.github/workflows/docker.yml

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Get Build Information
         id: build_info
         run: |
-          echo "::set-output name=version_tag::${GITHUB_REF/refs\/tags\//}"
+          echo "::set-output name=version_tag::${GITHUB_REF/refs\/tags\/v/}"
           echo "::set-output name=short_sha::$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)"
       - name: Release Production Build
         uses: docker/build-push-action@v2

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v2
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v2
         with:
-          go-version: '^1.17'
+          go-version: '1.18.7'
       - name: Build
         env:
           REF: ${{ github.ref }}
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ jobs:
         run: go test ./...
       - name: Compress binary and make it executable
         run: |
-          upx build/wings_linux_amd64 && chmod +x build/wings_linux_amd64
+          chmod +x build/wings_linux_amd64
-          upx build/wings_linux_arm64 && chmod +x build/wings_linux_arm64
+          chmod +x build/wings_linux_arm64
       - name: Extract changelog
         env:
           REF: ${{ github.ref }}
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ jobs:
           git config --local user.name "Pterodactyl CI"
           git checkout -b $BRANCH
           git push -u origin $BRANCH
-          sed -i "s/	Version = \".*\"/	Version = \"${REF:11}\"/" system/const.go
+          sed -i "s/var Version = \".*\"/var Version = \"${REF:11}\"/" system/const.go
           git add system/const.go
           git commit -m "bump version for release"
           git push

.gitignore

@@ -49,3 +49,4 @@ debug
 .DS_Store
 *.pprof
 *.pdf
+pprof.*

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,111 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## v1.7.2
+### Fixed
+* The S3 backup driver now supports Cloudflare R2
+
+### Added
+* During a server transfer, there is a new "Archiving" status that outputs the progress of creating the server transfer archive.
+* Adds a configuration option to control the list of trusted proxies that can be used to determine the client IP address.
+* Adds a configuration option to control the Docker username space setting when Wings creates containers.
+
+### Changed
+* Releases are now built using `Go 1.18` — the minimum version required to build Wings is now `Go 1.18`.
+
+## v1.7.1
+### Fixed
+* YAML parser has been updated to fix some strange issues
+
+### Added
+* Added `Force Outgoing IP` option for servers to ensure outgoing traffic uses the server's IP address
+* Adds an option to control the level of gzip compression for backups
+
+## v1.7.0
+### Fixed
+* Fixes multi-platform support for Wings' Docker image.
+
+### Added
+* Adds support for tracking of SFTP actions, power actions, server commands, and file uploads by utilizing a local SQLite database and processing events before sending them to the Panel.
+* Adds support for configuring the MTU on the `pterodactyl0` network.
+
+## v1.6.4
+### Fixed
+* Fixes a bug causing CPU limiting to not be properly applied to servers.
+* Fixes a bug causing zip archives to decompress without taking into account nested folder structures.
+
+## v1.6.3
+### Fixed
+* Fixes SFTP authentication failing for administrative users due to a permissions adjustment on the Panel.
+
+## v1.6.2
+### Fixed
+* Fixes file upload size not being properly enforced.
+* Fixes a bug that prevented listing a directory when it contained a named pipe. Also added a check to prevent attempting to read a named pipe directly.
+* Fixes a bug with the archiver logic that would include folders that had the same name prefix. (for example, requesting only `map` would also include `map2` and `map3`)
+* Requests to the Panel that return a client error (4xx response code) no longer trigger an exponential backoff, they immediately stop the request.
+
+### Changed
+* CPU limit fields are only set on the Docker container if they have been specified for the server — otherwise they are left empty.
+
+### Added
+* Added the ability to define the location of the temporary folder used by Wings — defaults to `/tmp/pterodactyl`.
+* Adds the ability to authenticate for SFTP using public keys (requires `Panel@1.8.0`).
+
+## v1.6.1
+### Fixed
+* Fixes error that would sometimes occur when starting a server that would cause the temporary power action lock to never be released due to a blocked channel.
+* Fixes a bug causing the CPU usage of Wings to get stuck at 100% when a server is deleted while the installation process is running.
+
+### Changed
+* Cleans up a lot of the logic for handling events between the server and environment process to make it easier to make modifications to down the road.
+* Cleans up logic handling the `StopAndWait` logic for stopping a server gracefully before terminating the process if it does not respond.
+
+## v1.6.0
+### Fixed
+* Internal logic for processing a server start event has been adjusted to attach to the Docker container before attempting to start the container. This should fix issues where a server would get stuck after pulling the container image.
+* Fixes a bug in the console output that was dropping console lines when a large number of lines were sent at once.
+
+### Changed
+* Removed the console throttle logic that would terminate a server instance that was sending too much data. This logic has been replaced with simpler logic that only throttles the console, it does not try to terminate the server. In addition, this change has reduced the number of go-routines needed by the application and dramatically simplified internal logic.
+* Removed the `--profiler` flag and replaced it with `--pprof` which will start an internal server listening on `localhost:6060` allowing you to use Go's standard `pprof` tooling.
+* Replaced the `json` log driver for Docker containers with `local` to reduce the amount of overhead when it comes to streaming logs from instances.
+
+## v1.5.6
+### Fixed
+* Rewrote handler logic for the power actions lock to hopefully address issues people have been having when a server crashes and they're unable to start it again until restarting Wings.
+* Fixes files uploaded with SFTP not being owned by the Pterodactyl user.
+* Fixes excessive memory usage when large lines are sent through the console event handler.
+
+### Changed
+* Replaced usage of `encoding/json` throughout the codebase with a more performant encoder (`goccy/go-json`) to hopefully improve overall performance for JSON operations.
+* Added custom `ContainerInspect` function to handle direct calls to Docker's CLI and make use of the new JSON encoder logic. This should reduce the total number of memory allocations and be more performant overall in a hot pathway.
+
+## v1.5.5
+### Fixed
+* Fixes sending to a closed channel when sending server logs over the websocket
+* Fixes `wings diagnostics` uploading no content
+* Fixes a panic caused by the event bus closing channels multiple times when a server is deleted
+
+## v1.5.4
+### Fixed
+* Fixes SSL paths being improperly converted to lowercase in environments where the path is case-sensitive.
+* Fixes a memory leak due to the implemention of server event processing.
+
+### Changed
+* Selecting to redact information now redacts URLs from the log output when running the diagnostic command.
+
+### Added
+* Adds support for modifying the default memory overhead percentages in environments where the shipped values are not adequate.
+* Adds support for sending the `Access-Control-Request-Private-Network` header in environments where Wings will be accessed over a private network. This is defaulted to `off`.
+
+## v1.5.3
+### Fixed
+* Fixes improper event registration and error handling during socket authentication that would cause the incorrect error message to be returned to the client, or no error in some scenarios. Event registration is now delayed until the socket is fully authenticated to ensure needless listeners are not registed.
+* Fixes dollar signs always being evaluated as environment variables with no way to escape them. They can now be escaped as `$$` which will transform into a single dollar sign.
+
+### Changed
+* A websocket connection to a server will be closed by Wings if there is a send error encountered and the client will be left to handle reconnections, rather than simply logging the error and continuing to listen for new events.
+
 ## v1.5.2
 ### Fixed
 * Fixes servers not properly re-syncing with the Panel if they are already running causing them to be hard-stopped when terminated, rather than stopped with the configured action.

Dockerfile

@@ -1,19 +1,18 @@
 # Stage 1 (Build)
-FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM golang:1.17-alpine AS builder
+FROM golang:1.18-alpine AS builder
 
 ARG VERSION
-RUN apk add --update --no-cache git make upx
+RUN apk add --update --no-cache git make
 WORKDIR /app/
 COPY go.mod go.sum /app/
 RUN go mod download
 COPY . /app/
-RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 go build \
+RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 go build \
     -ldflags="-s -w -X github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system.Version=$VERSION" \
     -v \
     -trimpath \
     -o wings \
     wings.go
-RUN upx wings
 RUN echo "ID=\"distroless\"" > /etc/os-release
 
 # Stage 2 (Final)

Makefile

@@ -4,9 +4,12 @@ build:
 	GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 go build -ldflags="-s -w" -gcflags "all=-trimpath=$(pwd)" -o build/wings_linux_amd64 -v wings.go
 	GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm64 go build -ldflags="-s -w" -gcflags "all=-trimpath=$(pwd)" -o build/wings_linux_arm64 -v wings.go
 
-debug:
+race:
 	go build -ldflags="-X github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system.Version=$(GIT_HEAD)" -race
-	sudo ./wings --debug --ignore-certificate-errors --config config.yml
+
+debug:
+	go build -ldflags="-X github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system.Version=$(GIT_HEAD)"
+	sudo ./wings --debug --ignore-certificate-errors --config config.yml --pprof --pprof-block-rate 1
 
 # Runs a remotly debuggable session for Wings allowing an IDE to connect and target
 # different breakpoints.
@@ -14,9 +17,6 @@ rmdebug:
 	go build -gcflags "all=-N -l" -ldflags="-X github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system.Version=$(GIT_HEAD)" -race
 	sudo dlv --listen=:2345 --headless=true --api-version=2 --accept-multiclient exec ./wings -- --debug --ignore-certificate-errors --config config.yml
 
-compress:
-	upx --brute build/wings_*
-
 cross-build: clean build compress
 
 clean:

README.md

@@ -14,27 +14,22 @@ dependencies, and allowing users to authenticate with the same credentials they
 
 ## Sponsors
 I would like to extend my sincere thanks to the following sponsors for helping find Pterodactyl's developement.
-[Interested in becoming a sponsor?](https://github.com/sponsors/DaneEveritt)
+[Interested in becoming a sponsor?](https://github.com/sponsors/matthewpi)
 
 | Company | About |
 | ------- | ----- |
 | [**WISP**](https://wisp.gg) | Extra features. |
-| [**MixmlHosting**](https://mixmlhosting.com) | MixmlHosting provides high quality Virtual Private Servers along with game servers, all at a affordable price. |
 | [**BisectHosting**](https://www.bisecthosting.com/) | BisectHosting provides Minecraft, Valheim and other server hosting services with the highest reliability and lightning fast support since 2012. |
+| [**Fragnet**](https://fragnet.net) | Providing low latency, high-end game hosting solutions to gamers, game studios and eSports platforms. |
+| [**Tempest**](https://tempest.net/) | Tempest Hosting is a subsidiary of Path Network, Inc. offering unmetered DDoS protected 10Gbps dedicated servers, starting at just $80/month. Full anycast, tons of filters. |
 | [**Bloom.host**](https://bloom.host) | Bloom.host offers dedicated core VPS and Minecraft hosting with Ryzen 9 processors. With owned-hardware, we offer truly unbeatable prices on high-performance hosting. |
-| [**MineStrator**](https://minestrator.com/) | Looking for a French highend hosting company for you minecraft server? More than 14,000 members on our discord, trust us. |
+| [**MineStrator**](https://minestrator.com/) | Looking for the most highend French hosting company for your minecraft server? More than 24,000 members on our discord trust us. Give us a try! |
-| [**DedicatedMC**](https://dedicatedmc.io/) | DedicatedMC provides Raw Power hosting at affordable pricing, making sure to never compromise on your performance and giving you the best performance money can buy. |
 | [**Skynode**](https://www.skynode.pro/) | Skynode provides blazing fast game servers along with a top-notch user experience. Whatever our clients are looking for, we're able to provide it! |
-| [**XCORE**](https://xcore-server.de/) | XCORE offers High-End Servers for hosting and gaming since 2012. Fast, excellent and well-known for eSports Gaming. |
-| [**RoyaleHosting**](https://royalehosting.net/) | Build your dreams and deploy them with RoyaleHosting’s reliable servers and network. Easy to use, provisioned in a couple of minutes. |
-| [**Spill Hosting**](https://spillhosting.no/) | Spill Hosting is a Norwegian hosting service, which aims for inexpensive services on quality servers. Premium i9-9900K processors will run your game like a dream. |
 | [**DeinServerHost**](https://deinserverhost.de/) | DeinServerHost offers Dedicated, vps and Gameservers for many popular Games like Minecraft and Rust in Germany since 2013. |
-| [**HostBend**](https://hostbend.com/) | HostBend offers a variety of solutions for developers, students, and others who have a tight budget but don't want to compromise quality and support. |
-| [**Capitol Hosting Solutions**](https://chs.gg/) | CHS is *the* budget friendly hosting company for Australian and American gamers, offering a variety of plans from Web Hosting to Game Servers; Custom Solutions too! |
-| [**ByteAnia**](https://byteania.com/?utm_source=pterodactyl) | ByteAnia offers the best performing and most affordable **Ryzen 5000 Series hosting** on the market for *unbeatable prices*! |
 | [**Aussie Server Hosts**](https://aussieserverhosts.com/) | No frills Australian Owned and operated High Performance Server hosting for some of the most demanding games serving Australia and New Zealand. |
+| [**HostEZ**](https://hostez.io) | Providing North America Valheim, Minecraft and other popular games with low latency, high uptime and maximum availability. EZ! |
 | [**VibeGAMES**](https://vibegames.net/) | VibeGAMES is a game server provider that specializes in DDOS protection for the games we offer. We have multiple locations in the US, Brazil, France, Germany, Singapore, Australia and South Africa.|
-| [**RocketNode**](https://rocketnode.net) | RocketNode is a VPS and Game Server provider that offers the best performing VPS and Game hosting Solutions at affordable prices! |
+| [**Gamenodes**](https://gamenodes.nl) | Gamenodes love quality. For Minecraft, Discord Bots and other services, among others. With our own programmers, we provide just that little bit of extra service! |
 
 ## Documentation
 * [Panel Documentation](https://pterodactyl.io/panel/1.0/getting_started.html)

cmd/configure.go

@@ -2,9 +2,8 @@ package cmd
 
 import (
 	"crypto/tls"
-	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
-	"io/ioutil"
+	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
@@ -14,21 +13,20 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2"
 	"github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2/terminal"
+	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
 )
 
-var (
+var configureArgs struct {
-	configureArgs struct {
+	PanelURL      string
-		PanelURL      string
+	Token         string
-		Token         string
+	ConfigPath    string
-		ConfigPath    string
+	Node          string
-		Node          string
+	Override      bool
-		Override      bool
+	AllowInsecure bool
-		AllowInsecure bool
+}
-	}
-)
 
 var nodeIdRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^(\d+)$`)
 
@@ -140,13 +138,13 @@ func configureCmdRun(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 		fmt.Println("The authentication credentials provided were not valid.")
 		os.Exit(1)
 	} else if res.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-		b, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
+		b, _ := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
 
 		fmt.Println("An error occurred while processing this request.\n", string(b))
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 
-	b, err := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
+	b, err := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
 
 	cfg, err := config.NewAtPath(configPath)
 	if err != nil {

cmd/diagnostics.go

@@ -2,11 +2,9 @@ package cmd
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"io/ioutil"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
 	"os/exec"
@@ -21,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/parsers/kernel"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/parsers/operatingsystem"
+	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
@@ -29,19 +28,19 @@ import (
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
 )
 
-const DefaultHastebinUrl = "https://ptero.co"
+const (
-const DefaultLogLines = 200
+	DefaultHastebinUrl = "https://ptero.co"
-
+	DefaultLogLines    = 200
-var (
-	diagnosticsArgs struct {
-		IncludeEndpoints   bool
-		IncludeLogs        bool
-		ReviewBeforeUpload bool
-		HastebinURL        string
-		LogLines           int
-	}
 )
 
+var diagnosticsArgs struct {
+	IncludeEndpoints   bool
+	IncludeLogs        bool
+	ReviewBeforeUpload bool
+	HastebinURL        string
+	LogLines           int
+}
+
 func newDiagnosticsCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	command := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "diagnostics",
@@ -59,7 +58,7 @@ func newDiagnosticsCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	return command
 }
 
-// diagnosticsCmdRun collects diagnostics about wings, it's configuration and the node.
+// diagnosticsCmdRun collects diagnostics about wings, its configuration and the node.
 // We collect:
 // - wings and docker versions
 // - relevant parts of daemon configuration
@@ -79,7 +78,7 @@ func diagnosticsCmdRun(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 		{
 			Name: "ReviewBeforeUpload",
 			Prompt: &survey.Confirm{
-				Message: "Do you want to review the collected data before uploading to hastebin.com?",
+				Message: "Do you want to review the collected data before uploading to " + diagnosticsArgs.HastebinURL + "?",
 				Help:    "The data, especially the logs, might contain sensitive information, so you should review it. You will be asked again if you want to upload.",
 				Default: true,
 			},
@@ -97,41 +96,40 @@ func diagnosticsCmdRun(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 	output := &strings.Builder{}
 	fmt.Fprintln(output, "Pterodactyl Wings - Diagnostics Report")
 	printHeader(output, "Versions")
-	fmt.Fprintln(output, "         wings:", system.Version)
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "               Wings:", system.Version)
 	if dockerErr == nil {
-		fmt.Fprintln(output, "Docker:", dockerVersion.Version)
+		fmt.Fprintln(output, "              Docker:", dockerVersion.Version)
 	}
 	if v, err := kernel.GetKernelVersion(); err == nil {
-		fmt.Fprintln(output, "Kernel:", v)
+		fmt.Fprintln(output, "              Kernel:", v)
 	}
 	if os, err := operatingsystem.GetOperatingSystem(); err == nil {
-		fmt.Fprintln(output, "    OS:", os)
+		fmt.Fprintln(output, "                  OS:", os)
 	}
 
 	printHeader(output, "Wings Configuration")
 	if err := config.FromFile(config.DefaultLocation); err != nil {
-
 	}
 	cfg := config.Get()
-	fmt.Fprintln(output, "    Panel Location:", redact(cfg.PanelLocation))
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "      Panel Location:", redact(cfg.PanelLocation))
 	fmt.Fprintln(output, "")
-	fmt.Fprintln(output, " Internal Webserver:", redact(cfg.Api.Host), ":", cfg.Api.Port)
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "  Internal Webserver:", redact(cfg.Api.Host), ":", cfg.Api.Port)
-	fmt.Fprintln(output, "        SSL Enabled:", cfg.Api.Ssl.Enabled)
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "         SSL Enabled:", cfg.Api.Ssl.Enabled)
-	fmt.Fprintln(output, "    SSL Certificate:", redact(cfg.Api.Ssl.CertificateFile))
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "     SSL Certificate:", redact(cfg.Api.Ssl.CertificateFile))
-	fmt.Fprintln(output, "            SSL Key:", redact(cfg.Api.Ssl.KeyFile))
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "             SSL Key:", redact(cfg.Api.Ssl.KeyFile))
 	fmt.Fprintln(output, "")
-	fmt.Fprintln(output, "        SFTP Server:", redact(cfg.System.Sftp.Address), ":", cfg.System.Sftp.Port)
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "         SFTP Server:", redact(cfg.System.Sftp.Address), ":", cfg.System.Sftp.Port)
-	fmt.Fprintln(output, "     SFTP Read-Only:", cfg.System.Sftp.ReadOnly)
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "      SFTP Read-Only:", cfg.System.Sftp.ReadOnly)
 	fmt.Fprintln(output, "")
-	fmt.Fprintln(output, "     Root Directory:", cfg.System.RootDirectory)
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "      Root Directory:", cfg.System.RootDirectory)
-	fmt.Fprintln(output, "     Logs Directory:", cfg.System.LogDirectory)
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "      Logs Directory:", cfg.System.LogDirectory)
-	fmt.Fprintln(output, "     Data Directory:", cfg.System.Data)
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "      Data Directory:", cfg.System.Data)
-	fmt.Fprintln(output, "  Archive Directory:", cfg.System.ArchiveDirectory)
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "   Archive Directory:", cfg.System.ArchiveDirectory)
-	fmt.Fprintln(output, "   Backup Directory:", cfg.System.BackupDirectory)
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "    Backup Directory:", cfg.System.BackupDirectory)
 	fmt.Fprintln(output, "")
-	fmt.Fprintln(output, "           Username:", cfg.System.Username)
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "            Username:", cfg.System.Username)
-	fmt.Fprintln(output, "        Server Time:", time.Now().Format(time.RFC1123Z))
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "         Server Time:", time.Now().Format(time.RFC1123Z))
-	fmt.Fprintln(output, "         Debug Mode:", cfg.Debug)
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "          Debug Mode:", cfg.Debug)
 
 	printHeader(output, "Docker: Info")
 	if dockerErr == nil {
@@ -181,6 +179,17 @@ func diagnosticsCmdRun(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 		fmt.Fprintln(output, "Logs redacted.")
 	}
 
+	if !diagnosticsArgs.IncludeEndpoints {
+		s := output.String()
+		output.Reset()
+		s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, cfg.PanelLocation, "{redacted}")
+		s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, cfg.Api.Host, "{redacted}")
+		s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, cfg.Api.Ssl.CertificateFile, "{redacted}")
+		s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, cfg.Api.Ssl.KeyFile, "{redacted}")
+		s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, cfg.System.Sftp.Address, "{redacted}")
+		output.WriteString(s)
+	}
+
 	fmt.Println("\n---------------  generated report  ---------------")
 	fmt.Println(output.String())
 	fmt.Print("---------------   end of report    ---------------\n\n")
@@ -226,7 +235,7 @@ func uploadToHastebin(hbUrl, content string) (string, error) {
 		return "", err
 	}
 	pres := make(map[string]interface{})
-	body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
 	if err != nil {
 		fmt.Println("Failed to parse response.", err)
 		return "", err

cmd/migrate_vhd.go

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/vhd"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/loggers/cli"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/remote"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+type MigrateVHDCommand struct {
+	manager *server.Manager
+}
+
+func newMigrateVHDCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	return &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "migrate-vhd",
+		Short: "migrates existing data from a directory tree into virtual hard-disks",
+		PreRun: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+			log.SetLevel(log.DebugLevel)
+			log.SetHandler(cli.Default)
+		},
+		Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+			client := remote.NewFromConfig(config.Get())
+			manager, err := server.NewManager(cmd.Context(), client, true)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.WithField("error", err).Fatal("failed to create new server manager")
+			}
+			c := &MigrateVHDCommand{
+				manager: manager,
+			}
+			if err := c.Run(cmd.Context()); err != nil {
+				log.WithField("error", err).Fatal("failed to execute command")
+			}
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// Run executes the migration command.
+func (m *MigrateVHDCommand) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
+	if !vhd.Enabled() {
+		return errors.New("cannot migrate to vhd: the underlying driver must be set to \"vhd\"")
+	}
+	for _, s := range m.manager.All() {
+		s.Log().Debug("starting migration of server contents to virtual disk...")
+
+		v := vhd.New(s.DiskSpace(), vhd.DiskPath(s.ID()), s.Filesystem().Path())
+		s.Log().WithField("disk_image", v.Path()).Info("creating virtual disk for server")
+		if err := v.Allocate(ctx); err != nil {
+			return errors.WithStackIf(err)
+		}
+
+		s.Log().Info("creating virtual filesystem for server")
+		if err := v.MakeFilesystem(ctx); err != nil {
+			// If the filesystem already exists no worries, just move on with our
+			// day here.
+			if !errors.Is(err, vhd.ErrFilesystemExists) {
+				return errors.WithStack(err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		bak := strings.TrimSuffix(s.Filesystem().Path(), "/") + "_bak"
+		mounted, err := v.IsMounted(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		} else if !mounted {
+			s.Log().WithField("backup_dir", bak).Debug("virtual disk is not yet mounted, creating backup directory")
+			// Create a backup directory of the server files if one does not already exist
+			// at that location. If one does exists we'll just assume it is good to go and
+			// rely on it to provide the files we'll need.
+			if _, err := os.Lstat(bak); os.IsNotExist(err) {
+				if err := os.Rename(s.Filesystem().Path(), bak); err != nil {
+					return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to rename existing data directory for backup")
+				}
+			} else if err != nil {
+				return errors.WithStack(err)
+			}
+			if err := os.RemoveAll(s.Filesystem().Path()); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+				return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to remove base server files path")
+			}
+		} else {
+			s.Log().Warn("server appears to already have existing mount, not creating data backup")
+		}
+
+		// Attempt to mount the disk at the expected path now that we've created
+		// a backup of the server files.
+		if err := v.Mount(ctx); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, vhd.ErrFilesystemMounted) {
+			return errors.WithStackIf(err)
+		}
+
+		// Copy over the files from the backup for this server but only
+		// if we have a backup directory currently.
+		_, err = os.Lstat(bak)
+		if err != nil {
+			if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+				s.Log().WithField("error", err).Warn("failed to stat backup directory")
+			} else {
+				s.Log().Info("no backup data directory exists, not restoring files")
+			}
+		} else {
+			cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "cp", "-r", bak+"/.", s.Filesystem().Path())
+			if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+				return errors.Wrap(err, "migrate: failed to move old server files into new direcotry")
+			} else {
+				if err := os.RemoveAll(bak); err != nil {
+					s.Log().WithField("directory", bak).WithField("error", err).Warn("failed to remove backup directory")
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		s.Log().Info("updating server file ownership...")
+		if err := s.Filesystem().Chown("/"); err != nil {
+			s.Log().WithField("error", err).Warn("failed to update ownership of new server files")
+		}
+
+		s.Log().Info("finished migration to virtual disk...")
+	}
+	return nil
+}

cmd/root.go

@@ -7,20 +7,24 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	log2 "log"
 	"net/http"
+	_ "net/http/pprof"
 	"os"
 	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/cron"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/database"
+
 	"github.com/NYTimes/logrotate"
 	"github.com/apex/log"
 	"github.com/apex/log/handlers/multi"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/client"
 	"github.com/gammazero/workerpool"
 	"github.com/mitchellh/colorstring"
-	"github.com/pkg/profile"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/acme"
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/acme/autocert"
@@ -43,8 +47,16 @@ var (
 var rootCommand = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "wings",
 	Short: "Runs the API server allowing programmatic control of game servers for Pterodactyl Panel.",
-	PreRun: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+	PersistentPreRun: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 		initConfig()
+		if ok, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("ignore-certificate-errors"); ok {
+			log.Warn("running with --ignore-certificate-errors: TLS certificate host chains and name will not be verified")
+			http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport).TLSClientConfig = &tls.Config{
+				InsecureSkipVerify: true,
+			}
+		}
+	},
+	PreRun: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 		initLogging()
 		if tls, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("auto-tls"); tls {
 			if host, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("tls-hostname"); host == "" {
@@ -73,49 +85,26 @@ func Execute() {
 func init() {
 	rootCommand.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&configPath, "config", config.DefaultLocation, "set the location for the configuration file")
 	rootCommand.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&debug, "debug", false, "pass in order to run wings in debug mode")
+	rootCommand.PersistentFlags().Bool("ignore-certificate-errors", false, "ignore certificate verification errors when executing API calls")
 
 	// Flags specifically used when running the API.
-	rootCommand.Flags().String("profiler", "", "the profiler to run for this instance")
+	rootCommand.Flags().Bool("pprof", false, "if the pprof profiler should be enabled. The profiler will bind to localhost:6060 by default")
-	rootCommand.Flags().Bool("auto-tls", false, "pass in order to have wings generate and manage it's own SSL certificates using Let's Encrypt")
+	rootCommand.Flags().Int("pprof-block-rate", 0, "enables block profile support, may have performance impacts")
+	rootCommand.Flags().Int("pprof-port", 6060, "If provided with --pprof, the port it will run on")
+	rootCommand.Flags().Bool("auto-tls", false, "pass in order to have wings generate and manage its own SSL certificates using Let's Encrypt")
 	rootCommand.Flags().String("tls-hostname", "", "required with --auto-tls, the FQDN for the generated SSL certificate")
-	rootCommand.Flags().Bool("ignore-certificate-errors", false, "ignore certificate verification errors when executing API calls")
 
 	rootCommand.AddCommand(versionCommand)
 	rootCommand.AddCommand(configureCmd)
 	rootCommand.AddCommand(newDiagnosticsCommand())
+	rootCommand.AddCommand(newMigrateVHDCommand())
 }
 
 func rootCmdRun(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) {
-	switch cmd.Flag("profiler").Value.String() {
-	case "cpu":
-		defer profile.Start(profile.CPUProfile).Stop()
-	case "mem":
-		defer profile.Start(profile.MemProfile).Stop()
-	case "alloc":
-		defer profile.Start(profile.MemProfile, profile.MemProfileAllocs).Stop()
-	case "heap":
-		defer profile.Start(profile.MemProfile, profile.MemProfileHeap).Stop()
-	case "routines":
-		defer profile.Start(profile.GoroutineProfile).Stop()
-	case "mutex":
-		defer profile.Start(profile.MutexProfile).Stop()
-	case "threads":
-		defer profile.Start(profile.ThreadcreationProfile).Stop()
-	case "block":
-		defer profile.Start(profile.BlockProfile).Stop()
-	}
-
 	printLogo()
 	log.Debug("running in debug mode")
 	log.WithField("config_file", configPath).Info("loading configuration from file")
 
-	if ok, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("ignore-certificate-errors"); ok {
-		log.Warn("running with --ignore-certificate-errors: TLS certificate host chains and name will not be verified")
-		http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport).TLSClientConfig = &tls.Config{
-			InsecureSkipVerify: true,
-		}
-	}
-
 	if err := config.ConfigureTimezone(); err != nil {
 		log.WithField("error", err).Fatal("failed to detect system timezone or use supplied configuration value")
 	}
@@ -146,7 +135,11 @@ func rootCmdRun(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) {
 		}),
 	)
 
-	manager, err := server.NewManager(cmd.Context(), pclient)
+	if err := database.Initialize(); err != nil {
+		log.WithField("error", err).Fatal("failed to initialize database")
+	}
+
+	manager, err := server.NewManager(cmd.Context(), pclient, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.WithField("error", err).Fatal("failed to load server configurations")
 	}
@@ -172,7 +165,7 @@ func rootCmdRun(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) {
 	ticker := time.NewTicker(time.Minute)
 	// Every minute, write the current server states to the disk to allow for a more
 	// seamless hard-reboot process in which wings will re-sync server states based
-	// on it's last tracked state.
+	// on its last tracked state.
 	go func() {
 		for {
 			select {
@@ -275,6 +268,13 @@ func rootCmdRun(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) {
 		}
 	}()
 
+	if s, err := cron.Scheduler(cmd.Context(), manager); err != nil {
+		log.WithField("error", err).Fatal("failed to initialize cron system")
+	} else {
+		log.WithField("subsystem", "cron").Info("starting cron processes")
+		s.StartAsync()
+	}
+
 	go func() {
 		// Run the SFTP server.
 		if err := sftp.New(manager).Run(); err != nil {
@@ -325,6 +325,20 @@ func rootCmdRun(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) {
 		TLSConfig: config.DefaultTLSConfig,
 	}
 
+	profile, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("pprof")
+	if profile {
+		if r, _ := cmd.Flags().GetInt("pprof-block-rate"); r > 0 {
+			runtime.SetBlockProfileRate(r)
+		}
+		// Catch at least 1% of mutex contention issues.
+		runtime.SetMutexProfileFraction(100)
+
+		profilePort, _ := cmd.Flags().GetInt("pprof-port")
+		go func() {
+			http.ListenAndServe(fmt.Sprintf("localhost:%d", profilePort), nil)
+		}()
+	}
+
 	// Check if the server should run with TLS but using autocert.
 	if autotls {
 		m := autocert.Manager{
@@ -355,7 +369,7 @@ func rootCmdRun(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) {
 	// Check if main http server should run with TLS. Otherwise reset the TLS
 	// config on the server and then serve it over normal HTTP.
 	if api.Ssl.Enabled {
-		if err := s.ListenAndServeTLS(strings.ToLower(api.Ssl.CertificateFile), strings.ToLower(api.Ssl.KeyFile)); err != nil {
+		if err := s.ListenAndServeTLS(api.Ssl.CertificateFile, api.Ssl.KeyFile); err != nil {
 			log.WithFields(log.Fields{"auto_tls": false, "error": err}).Fatal("failed to configure HTTPS server")
 		}
 		return

config/config.go

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"crypto/tls"
 	"fmt"
-	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"os/user"
@@ -90,8 +89,11 @@ type ApiConfiguration struct {
 	// servers.
 	DisableRemoteDownload bool `json:"disable_remote_download" yaml:"disable_remote_download"`
 
-	// The maximum size for files uploaded through the Panel in bytes.
+	// The maximum size for files uploaded through the Panel in MB.
-	UploadLimit int `default:"100" json:"upload_limit" yaml:"upload_limit"`
+	UploadLimit int64 `default:"100" json:"upload_limit" yaml:"upload_limit"`
+
+	// A list of IP address of proxies that may send a X-Forwarded-For header to set the true clients IP
+	TrustedProxies []string `json:"trusted_proxies" yaml:"trusted_proxies"`
 }
 
 // RemoteQueryConfiguration defines the configuration settings for remote requests
@@ -133,6 +135,10 @@ type SystemConfiguration struct {
 	// Directory where local backups will be stored on the machine.
 	BackupDirectory string `default:"/var/lib/pterodactyl/backups" yaml:"backup_directory"`
 
+	// TmpDirectory specifies where temporary files for Pterodactyl installation processes
+	// should be created. This supports environments running docker-in-docker.
+	TmpDirectory string `default:"/tmp/pterodactyl" yaml:"tmp_directory"`
+
 	// The user that should own all of the server files, and be used for containers.
 	Username string `default:"pterodactyl" yaml:"username"`
 
@@ -160,6 +166,15 @@ type SystemConfiguration struct {
 	// disk usage is not a concern.
 	DiskCheckInterval int64 `default:"150" yaml:"disk_check_interval"`
 
+	// ActivitySendInterval is the amount of time that should ellapse between aggregated server activity
+	// being sent to the Panel. By default this will send activity collected over the last minute. Keep
+	// in mind that only a fixed number of activity log entries, defined by ActivitySendCount, will be sent
+	// in each run.
+	ActivitySendInterval int `default:"60" yaml:"activity_send_interval"`
+
+	// ActivitySendCount is the number of activity events to send per batch.
+	ActivitySendCount int `default:"100" yaml:"activity_send_count"`
+
 	// If set to true, file permissions for a server will be checked when the process is
 	// booted. This can cause boot delays if the server has a large amount of files. In most
 	// cases disabling this should not have any major impact unless external processes are
@@ -207,6 +222,15 @@ type Backups struct {
 	//
 	// Defaults to 0 (unlimited)
 	WriteLimit int `default:"0" yaml:"write_limit"`
+
+	// CompressionLevel determines how much backups created by wings should be compressed.
+	//
+	// "none" -> no compression will be applied
+	// "best_speed" -> uses gzip level 1 for fast speed
+	// "best_compression" -> uses gzip level 9 for minimal disk space useage
+	//
+	// Defaults to "best_speed" (level 1)
+	CompressionLevel string `default:"best_speed" yaml:"compression_level"`
 }
 
 type Transfers struct {
@@ -223,26 +247,14 @@ type ConsoleThrottles struct {
 	// Whether or not the throttler is enabled for this instance.
 	Enabled bool `json:"enabled" yaml:"enabled" default:"true"`
 
-	// The total number of lines that can be output in a given LineResetInterval period before
+	// The total number of lines that can be output in a given Period period before
 	// a warning is triggered and counted against the server.
 	Lines uint64 `json:"lines" yaml:"lines" default:"2000"`
 
-	// The total number of throttle activations that can accumulate before a server is considered
-	// to be breaching and will be stopped. This value is decremented by one every DecayInterval.
-	MaximumTriggerCount uint64 `json:"maximum_trigger_count" yaml:"maximum_trigger_count" default:"5"`
-
 	// The amount of time after which the number of lines processed is reset to 0. This runs in
 	// a constant loop and is not affected by the current console output volumes. By default, this
 	// will reset the processed line count back to 0 every 100ms.
-	LineResetInterval uint64 `json:"line_reset_interval" yaml:"line_reset_interval" default:"100"`
+	Period uint64 `json:"line_reset_interval" yaml:"line_reset_interval" default:"100"`
-
-	// The amount of time in milliseconds that must pass without an output warning being triggered
-	// before a throttle activation is decremented.
-	DecayInterval uint64 `json:"decay_interval" yaml:"decay_interval" default:"10000"`
-
-	// The amount of time that a server is allowed to be stopping for before it is terminated
-	// forcefully if it triggers output throttles.
-	StopGracePeriod uint `json:"stop_grace_period" yaml:"stop_grace_period" default:"15"`
 }
 
 type Configuration struct {
@@ -287,6 +299,17 @@ type Configuration struct {
 	// The Panel URL is automatically allowed, this is only needed for adding
 	// additional origins.
 	AllowedOrigins []string `json:"allowed_origins" yaml:"allowed_origins"`
+
+	// AllowCORSPrivateNetwork sets the `Access-Control-Request-Private-Network` header which
+	// allows client browsers to make requests to internal IP addresses over HTTP.  This setting
+	// is only required by users running Wings without SSL certificates and using internal IP
+	// addresses in order to connect. Most users should NOT enable this setting.
+	AllowCORSPrivateNetwork bool `json:"allow_cors_private_network" yaml:"allow_cors_private_network"`
+
+	// Servers contains all of the settings that are used when configuring individual servers
+	// on the system. This is a global configuration for all server instances, not to be confused
+	// with the per-server configurations provided by the Panel API.
+	Servers Servers `json:"servers" yaml:"servers"`
 }
 
 // NewAtPath creates a new struct and set the path where it should be stored.
@@ -380,7 +403,7 @@ func WriteToDisk(c *Configuration) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	if err := ioutil.WriteFile(c.path, b, 0o600); err != nil {
+	if err := os.WriteFile(c.path, b, 0o600); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -448,7 +471,7 @@ func EnsurePterodactylUser() error {
 // FromFile reads the configuration from the provided file and stores it in the
 // global singleton for this instance.
 func FromFile(path string) error {
-	b, err := ioutil.ReadFile(path)
+	b, err := os.ReadFile(path)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -456,18 +479,17 @@ func FromFile(path string) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	// Replace environment variables within the configuration file with their
+
-	// values from the host system.
-	b = []byte(os.ExpandEnv(string(b)))
 	if err := yaml.Unmarshal(b, c); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+
 	// Store this configuration in the global state.
 	Set(c)
 	return nil
 }
 
-// ConfigureDirectories ensures that all of the system directories exist on the
+// ConfigureDirectories ensures that all the system directories exist on the
 // system. These directories are created so that only the owner can read the data,
 // and no other users.
 //
@@ -579,7 +601,7 @@ func ConfigureTimezone() error {
 		_config.System.Timezone = tz
 	}
 	if _config.System.Timezone == "" {
-		b, err := ioutil.ReadFile("/etc/timezone")
+		b, err := os.ReadFile("/etc/timezone")
 		if err != nil {
 			if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
 				return errors.WithMessage(err, "config: failed to open timezone file")

config/config_docker.go

@@ -2,9 +2,10 @@ package config
 
 import (
 	"encoding/base64"
-	"encoding/json"
+	"sort"
 
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
+	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
 )
 
 type dockerNetworkInterfaces struct {
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@ type DockerNetworkConfiguration struct {
 	Mode       string                  `default:"pterodactyl_nw" yaml:"network_mode"`
 	IsInternal bool                    `default:"false" yaml:"is_internal"`
 	EnableICC  bool                    `default:"true" yaml:"enable_icc"`
+	NetworkMTU int64                   `default:"1500" yaml:"network_mtu"`
 	Interfaces dockerNetworkInterfaces `yaml:"interfaces"`
 }
 
@@ -51,9 +53,9 @@ type DockerConfiguration struct {
 	// Registries .
 	Registries map[string]RegistryConfiguration `json:"registries" yaml:"registries"`
 
-	// The size of the /tmp directory when mounted into a container. Please be aware that Docker
+	// TmpfsSize specifies the size for the /tmp directory mounted into containers. Please be
-	// utilizes host memory for this value, and that we do not keep track of the space used here
+	// aware that Docker utilizes the host's system memory for this value, and that we do not
-	// so avoid allocating too much to a server.
+	// keep track of the space used there, so avoid allocating too much to a server.
 	TmpfsSize uint `default:"100" json:"tmpfs_size" yaml:"tmpfs_size"`
 
 	// ContainerPidLimit sets the total number of processes that can be active in a container
@@ -62,14 +64,28 @@ type DockerConfiguration struct {
 	// available pids and crash.
 	ContainerPidLimit int64 `default:"512" json:"container_pid_limit" yaml:"container_pid_limit"`
 
-	// InstallLimits defines the limits on the installer containers that prevents a server's
+	// InstallerLimits defines the limits on the installer containers that prevents a server's
 	// installation process from unintentionally consuming more resources than expected. This
 	// is used in conjunction with the server's defined limits. Whichever value is higher will
-	// take precedence in the install containers.
+	// take precedence in the installer containers.
 	InstallerLimits struct {
 		Memory int64 `default:"1024" json:"memory" yaml:"memory"`
 		Cpu    int64 `default:"100" json:"cpu" yaml:"cpu"`
 	} `json:"installer_limits" yaml:"installer_limits"`
+
+	// Overhead controls the memory overhead given to all containers to circumvent certain
+	// software such as the JVM not staying below the maximum memory limit.
+	Overhead Overhead `json:"overhead" yaml:"overhead"`
+
+	UsePerformantInspect bool `default:"true" json:"use_performant_inspect" yaml:"use_performant_inspect"`
+
+	// Sets the user namespace mode for the container when user namespace remapping option is
+	// enabled.
+	//
+	// If the value is blank, the daemon's user namespace remapping configuration is used,
+	// if the value is "host", then the pterodactyl containers are started with user namespace
+	// remapping disabled
+	UsernsMode string `default:"" json:"userns_mode" yaml:"userns_mode"`
 }
 
 // RegistryConfiguration defines the authentication credentials for a given
@@ -91,3 +107,62 @@ func (c RegistryConfiguration) Base64() (string, error) {
 	}
 	return base64.URLEncoding.EncodeToString(b), nil
 }
+
+// Overhead controls the memory overhead given to all containers to circumvent certain
+// software such as the JVM not staying below the maximum memory limit.
+type Overhead struct {
+	// Override controls if the overhead limits should be overridden by the values in the config file.
+	Override bool `default:"false" json:"override" yaml:"override"`
+
+	// DefaultMultiplier sets the default multiplier for if no Multipliers are able to be applied.
+	DefaultMultiplier float64 `default:"1.05" json:"default_multiplier" yaml:"default_multiplier"`
+
+	// Multipliers allows overriding DefaultMultiplier depending on the amount of memory
+	// configured for a server.
+	//
+	// Default values (used if Override is `false`)
+	// - Less than 2048 MB of memory, multiplier of 1.15 (15%)
+	// - Less than 4096 MB of memory, multiplier of 1.10 (10%)
+	// - Otherwise, multiplier of 1.05 (5%) - specified in DefaultMultiplier
+	//
+	// If the defaults were specified in the config they would look like:
+	// ```yaml
+	// multipliers:
+	//   2048: 1.15
+	//   4096: 1.10
+	// ```
+	Multipliers map[int]float64 `json:"multipliers" yaml:"multipliers"`
+}
+
+func (o Overhead) GetMultiplier(memoryLimit int64) float64 {
+	// Default multiplier values.
+	if !o.Override {
+		if memoryLimit <= 2048 {
+			return 1.15
+		} else if memoryLimit <= 4096 {
+			return 1.10
+		}
+		return 1.05
+	}
+
+	// This plucks the keys of the Multipliers map, so they can be sorted from
+	// smallest to largest in order to correctly apply the proper multiplier.
+	i := 0
+	multipliers := make([]int, len(o.Multipliers))
+	for k := range o.Multipliers {
+		multipliers[i] = k
+		i++
+	}
+	sort.Ints(multipliers)
+
+	// Loop through the memory values in order (smallest to largest)
+	for _, m := range multipliers {
+		// If the server's memory limit exceeds the modifier's limit, don't apply it.
+		if memoryLimit > int64(m) {
+			continue
+		}
+		return o.Multipliers[m]
+	}
+
+	return o.DefaultMultiplier
+}

config/config_servers.go

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package config
+
+type FSDriver string
+
+const (
+	FSDriverLocal FSDriver = "local"
+	FSDriverVHD   FSDriver = "vhd"
+)
+
+type Servers struct {
+	// Filesystem defines all of the filesystem specific settings used for servers.
+	Filesystem Filesystem `json:"filesystem" yaml:"filesystem"`
+}
+
+type Filesystem struct {
+	// Driver defines the underlying filesystem driver that is used when a server is
+	// created on the system. This currently supports either of the following drivers:
+	//
+	// local: the local driver is the default one used by Wings. This offloads all of the
+	//        disk limit enforcement to Wings itself. This has a performance impact but is
+	//        the most compatiable with all systems.
+	//   vhd: the vhd driver uses "virtual" disks on the host system to enforce disk limits
+	//        on the server. This is more performant since calculations do not need to be made
+	//        by Wings itself when enforcing limits. It also avoids vulnerabilities that exist
+	//        in the local driver which allow malicious processes to quickly create massive files
+	//        before Wings is able to detect and stop them from being written.
+	Driver FSDriver `default:"local" json:"driver" yaml:"driver"`
+}

environment/allocations.go

@@ -12,6 +12,11 @@ import (
 // Defines the allocations available for a given server. When using the Docker environment
 // driver these correspond to mappings for the container that allow external connections.
 type Allocations struct {
+	// ForceOutgoingIP causes a dedicated bridge network to be created for the
+	// server with a special option, causing Docker to SNAT outgoing traffic to
+	// the DefaultMapping's IP. This is important to servers which rely on external
+	// services that check the IP of the server (Source Engine servers, for example).
+	ForceOutgoingIP bool `json:"force_outgoing_ip"`
 	// Defines the default allocation that should be used for this server. This is
 	// what will be used for {SERVER_IP} and {SERVER_PORT} when modifying configuration
 	// files or the startup arguments for a server.
@@ -31,7 +36,7 @@ type Allocations struct {
 //
 // You'll want to use DockerBindings() if you need to re-map 127.0.0.1 to the Docker interface.
 func (a *Allocations) Bindings() nat.PortMap {
-	var out = nat.PortMap{}
+	out := nat.PortMap{}
 
 	for ip, ports := range a.Mappings {
 		for _, port := range ports {
@@ -94,7 +99,7 @@ func (a *Allocations) DockerBindings() nat.PortMap {
 // To accomplish this, we'll just get the values from "DockerBindings" and then set them
 // to empty structs. Because why not.
 func (a *Allocations) Exposed() nat.PortSet {
-	var out = nat.PortSet{}
+	out := nat.PortSet{}
 
 	for port := range a.DockerBindings() {
 		out[port] = struct{}{}

environment/docker.go

@@ -14,8 +14,10 @@ import (
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
 )
 
-var _conce sync.Once
+var (
-var _client *client.Client
+	_conce  sync.Once
+	_client *client.Client
+)
 
 // Docker returns a docker client to be used throughout the codebase. Once a
 // client has been created it will be returned for all subsequent calls to this
@@ -39,12 +41,12 @@ func ConfigureDocker(ctx context.Context) error {
 	nw := config.Get().Docker.Network
 	resource, err := cli.NetworkInspect(ctx, nw.Name, types.NetworkInspectOptions{})
 	if err != nil {
-		if client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+		if !client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
-			log.Info("creating missing pterodactyl0 interface, this could take a few seconds...")
+			return err
-			if err := createDockerNetwork(ctx, cli); err != nil {
+		}
-				return err
+
-			}
+		log.Info("creating missing pterodactyl0 interface, this could take a few seconds...")
-		} else {
+		if err := createDockerNetwork(ctx, cli); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
@@ -90,7 +92,7 @@ func createDockerNetwork(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client) error {
 			"com.docker.network.bridge.enable_ip_masquerade": "true",
 			"com.docker.network.bridge.host_binding_ipv4":    "0.0.0.0",
 			"com.docker.network.bridge.name":                 "pterodactyl0",
-			"com.docker.network.driver.mtu":                  "1500",
+			"com.docker.network.driver.mtu":                  strconv.FormatInt(nw.NetworkMTU, 10),
 		},
 	})
 	if err != nil {

environment/docker/api.go

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+package docker
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/versions"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/client"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/errdefs"
+	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+)
+
+var (
+	o           sync.Once
+	cli         cliSettings
+	fastEnabled bool
+)
+
+type cliSettings struct {
+	enabled bool
+	proto   string
+	host    string
+	scheme  string
+	version string
+}
+
+func configure(c *client.Client) {
+	o.Do(func() {
+		fastEnabled = config.Get().Docker.UsePerformantInspect
+
+		r := reflect.ValueOf(c).Elem()
+		cli.proto = r.FieldByName("proto").String()
+		cli.host = r.FieldByName("addr").String()
+		cli.scheme = r.FieldByName("scheme").String()
+		cli.version = r.FieldByName("version").String()
+	})
+}
+
+// ContainerInspect is a rough equivalent of Docker's client.ContainerInspect()
+// but re-written to use a more performant JSON decoder. This is important since
+// a large number of requests to this endpoint are spawned by Wings, and the
+// standard "encoding/json" shows its performance woes badly even with single
+// containers running.
+func (e *Environment) ContainerInspect(ctx context.Context) (types.ContainerJSON, error) {
+	configure(e.client)
+
+	// Support feature flagging of this functionality so that if something goes
+	// wrong for now it is easy enough for people to switch back to the older method
+	// of fetching stats.
+	if !fastEnabled {
+		return e.client.ContainerInspect(ctx, e.Id)
+	}
+
+	var st types.ContainerJSON
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, "/containers/"+e.Id+"/json", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return st, errors.WithStack(err)
+	}
+
+	if cli.proto == "unix" || cli.proto == "npipe" {
+		req.Host = "docker"
+	}
+
+	req.URL.Host = cli.host
+	req.URL.Scheme = cli.scheme
+
+	res, err := e.client.HTTPClient().Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		if res == nil {
+			return st, errdefs.Unknown(err)
+		}
+		return st, errdefs.FromStatusCode(err, res.StatusCode)
+	}
+
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return st, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to read response body from Docker")
+	}
+	if err := parseErrorFromResponse(res, body); err != nil {
+		return st, errdefs.FromStatusCode(err, res.StatusCode)
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &st); err != nil {
+		return st, errors.WithStack(err)
+	}
+	return st, nil
+}
+
+// parseErrorFromResponse is a re-implementation of Docker's
+// client.checkResponseErr() function.
+func parseErrorFromResponse(res *http.Response, body []byte) error {
+	if res.StatusCode >= 200 && res.StatusCode < 400 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var ct string
+	if res.Header != nil {
+		ct = res.Header.Get("Content-Type")
+	}
+
+	var emsg string
+	if (cli.version == "" || versions.GreaterThan(cli.version, "1.23")) && ct == "application/json" {
+		var errResp types.ErrorResponse
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &errResp); err != nil {
+			return errors.WithStack(err)
+		}
+		emsg = strings.TrimSpace(errResp.Message)
+	} else {
+		emsg = strings.TrimSpace(string(body))
+	}
+
+	return errors.Wrap(errors.New(emsg), "Error response from daemon")
+}

environment/docker/container.go

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package docker
 import (
 	"bufio"
 	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"strconv"
@@ -12,11 +11,12 @@ import (
 
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/buger/jsonparser"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/mount"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/client"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/daemon/logger/jsonfilelog"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/daemon/logger/local"
 
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/environment"
@@ -38,13 +38,13 @@ func (nw noopWriter) Write(b []byte) (int, error) {
 }
 
 // Attach attaches to the docker container itself and ensures that we can pipe
-// data in and out of the process stream. This should not be used for reading
+// data in and out of the process stream. This should always be called before
-// console data as you *will* miss important output at the beginning because of
+// you have started the container, but after you've ensured it exists.
-// the time delay with attaching to the output.
 //
 // Calling this function will poll resources for the container in the background
-// until the provided context is canceled by the caller. Failure to cancel said
+// until the container is stopped. The context provided to this function is used
-// context will cause background memory leaks as the goroutine will not exit.
+// for the purposes of attaching to the container, a seecond context is created
+// within the function for managing polling.
 func (e *Environment) Attach(ctx context.Context) error {
 	if e.IsAttached() {
 		return nil
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ func (e *Environment) InSituUpdate() error {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second*10)
 	defer cancel()
 
-	if _, err := e.client.ContainerInspect(ctx, e.Id); err != nil {
+	if _, err := e.ContainerInspect(ctx); err != nil {
 		// If the container doesn't exist for some reason there really isn't anything
 		// we can do to fix that in this process (it doesn't make sense at least). In those
 		// cases just return without doing anything since we still want to save the configuration
@@ -147,10 +147,12 @@ func (e *Environment) InSituUpdate() error {
 // currently available for it. If the container already exists it will be
 // returned.
 func (e *Environment) Create() error {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
 	// If the container already exists don't hit the user with an error, just return
 	// the current information about it which is what we would do when creating the
 	// container anyways.
-	if _, err := e.client.ContainerInspect(context.Background(), e.Id); err == nil {
+	if _, err := e.ContainerInspect(ctx); err == nil {
 		return nil
 	} else if !client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "environment/docker: failed to inspect container")
@@ -175,7 +177,7 @@ func (e *Environment) Create() error {
 	conf := &container.Config{
 		Hostname:     e.Id,
 		Domainname:   config.Get().Docker.Domainname,
-		User:         strconv.Itoa(config.Get().System.User.Uid),
+		User:         strconv.Itoa(config.Get().System.User.Uid) + ":" + strconv.Itoa(config.Get().System.User.Gid),
 		AttachStdin:  true,
 		AttachStdout: true,
 		AttachStderr: true,
@@ -190,7 +192,34 @@ func (e *Environment) Create() error {
 		},
 	}
 
-	tmpfsSize := strconv.Itoa(int(config.Get().Docker.TmpfsSize))
+	networkMode := container.NetworkMode(config.Get().Docker.Network.Mode)
+	if a.ForceOutgoingIP {
+		e.log().Debug("environment/docker: forcing outgoing IP address")
+		networkName := strings.ReplaceAll(e.Id, "-", "")
+		networkMode = container.NetworkMode(networkName)
+
+		if _, err := e.client.NetworkInspect(ctx, networkName, types.NetworkInspectOptions{}); err != nil {
+			if !client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			if _, err := e.client.NetworkCreate(ctx, networkName, types.NetworkCreate{
+				Driver:     "bridge",
+				EnableIPv6: false,
+				Internal:   false,
+				Attachable: false,
+				Ingress:    false,
+				ConfigOnly: false,
+				Options: map[string]string{
+					"encryption": "false",
+					"com.docker.network.bridge.default_bridge": "false",
+					"com.docker.network.host_ipv4":             a.DefaultMapping.Ip,
+				},
+			}); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+	}
 
 	hostConf := &container.HostConfig{
 		PortBindings: a.DockerBindings(),
@@ -202,7 +231,7 @@ func (e *Environment) Create() error {
 		// Configure the /tmp folder mapping in containers. This is necessary for some
 		// games that need to make use of it for downloads and other installation processes.
 		Tmpfs: map[string]string{
-			"/tmp": "rw,exec,nosuid,size=" + tmpfsSize + "M",
+			"/tmp": "rw,exec,nosuid,size=" + strconv.Itoa(int(config.Get().Docker.TmpfsSize)) + "M",
 		},
 
 		// Define resource limits for the container based on the data passed through
@@ -216,11 +245,12 @@ func (e *Environment) Create() error {
 		// since we only need it for the last few hundred lines of output and don't care
 		// about anything else in it.
 		LogConfig: container.LogConfig{
-			Type: jsonfilelog.Name,
+			Type: local.Name,
 			Config: map[string]string{
 				"max-size": "5m",
 				"max-file": "1",
 				"compress": "false",
+				"mode":     "non-blocking",
 			},
 		},
 
@@ -230,10 +260,11 @@ func (e *Environment) Create() error {
 			"setpcap", "mknod", "audit_write", "net_raw", "dac_override",
 			"fowner", "fsetid", "net_bind_service", "sys_chroot", "setfcap",
 		},
-		NetworkMode: container.NetworkMode(config.Get().Docker.Network.Mode),
+		NetworkMode: networkMode,
+		UsernsMode:  container.UsernsMode(config.Get().Docker.UsernsMode),
 	}
 
-	if _, err := e.client.ContainerCreate(context.Background(), conf, hostConf, nil, nil, e.Id); err != nil {
+	if _, err := e.client.ContainerCreate(ctx, conf, hostConf, nil, nil, e.Id); err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "environment/docker: failed to create container")
 	}
 
@@ -342,10 +373,10 @@ func (e *Environment) followOutput() error {
 func (e *Environment) scanOutput(reader io.ReadCloser) {
 	defer reader.Close()
 
-	events := e.Events()
+	if err := system.ScanReader(reader, func(v []byte) {
-
+		e.logCallbackMx.Lock()
-	if err := system.ScanReader(reader, func(line string) {
+		defer e.logCallbackMx.Unlock()
-		events.Publish(environment.ConsoleOutputEvent, line)
+		e.logCallback(v)
 	}); err != nil && err != io.EOF {
 		log.WithField("error", err).WithField("container_id", e.Id).Warn("error processing scanner line in console output")
 		return
@@ -364,11 +395,6 @@ func (e *Environment) scanOutput(reader io.ReadCloser) {
 	go e.followOutput()
 }
 
-type imagePullStatus struct {
-	Status   string `json:"status"`
-	Progress string `json:"progress"`
-}
-
 // Pulls the image from Docker. If there is an error while pulling the image
 // from the source but the image already exists locally, we will report that
 // error to the logger but continue with the process.
@@ -454,12 +480,11 @@ func (e *Environment) ensureImageExists(image string) error {
 	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(out)
 
 	for scanner.Scan() {
-		s := imagePullStatus{}
+		b := scanner.Bytes()
-		fmt.Println(scanner.Text())
+		status, _ := jsonparser.GetString(b, "status")
+		progress, _ := jsonparser.GetString(b, "progress")
 
-		if err := json.Unmarshal(scanner.Bytes(), &s); err == nil {
+		e.Events().Publish(environment.DockerImagePullStatus, status+" "+progress)
-			e.Events().Publish(environment.DockerImagePullStatus, s.Status+" "+s.Progress)
-		}
 	}
 
 	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
@@ -485,21 +510,3 @@ func (e *Environment) convertMounts() []mount.Mount {
 
 	return out
 }
-
-func (e *Environment) resources() container.Resources {
-	l := e.Configuration.Limits()
-	pids := l.ProcessLimit()
-
-	return container.Resources{
-		Memory:            l.BoundedMemoryLimit(),
-		MemoryReservation: l.MemoryLimit * 1_000_000,
-		MemorySwap:        l.ConvertedSwap(),
-		CPUQuota:          l.ConvertedCpuLimit(),
-		CPUPeriod:         100_000,
-		CPUShares:         1024,
-		BlkioWeight:       l.IoWeight,
-		OomKillDisable:    &l.OOMDisabled,
-		CpusetCpus:        l.Threads,
-		PidsLimit:         &pids,
-	}
-}

environment/docker/environment.go

@@ -27,8 +27,7 @@ type Metadata struct {
 var _ environment.ProcessEnvironment = (*Environment)(nil)
 
 type Environment struct {
-	mu      sync.RWMutex
+	mu sync.RWMutex
-	eventMu sync.Once
 
 	// The public identifier for this environment. In this case it is the Docker container
 	// name that will be used for all instances created under it.
@@ -49,7 +48,10 @@ type Environment struct {
 	// Holds the stats stream used by the polling commands so that we can easily close it out.
 	stats io.ReadCloser
 
-	emitter *events.EventBus
+	emitter *events.Bus
+
+	logCallbackMx sync.Mutex
+	logCallback   func([]byte)
 
 	// Tracks the environment state.
 	st *system.AtomicString
@@ -71,6 +73,7 @@ func New(id string, m *Metadata, c *environment.Configuration) (*Environment, er
 		meta:          m,
 		client:        cli,
 		st:            system.NewAtomicString(environment.ProcessOfflineState),
+		emitter:       events.NewBus(),
 	}
 
 	return e, nil
@@ -84,47 +87,43 @@ func (e *Environment) Type() string {
 	return "docker"
 }
 
-// Set if this process is currently attached to the process.
+// SetStream sets the current stream value from the Docker client. If a nil
+// value is provided we assume that the stream is no longer operational and the
+// instance is effectively offline.
 func (e *Environment) SetStream(s *types.HijackedResponse) {
 	e.mu.Lock()
-	defer e.mu.Unlock()
-
 	e.stream = s
+	e.mu.Unlock()
 }
 
-// Determine if the this process is currently attached to the container.
+// IsAttached determine if the this process is currently attached to the
+// container instance by checking if the stream is nil or not.
 func (e *Environment) IsAttached() bool {
 	e.mu.RLock()
 	defer e.mu.RUnlock()
-
 	return e.stream != nil
 }
 
-func (e *Environment) Events() *events.EventBus {
+// Events returns an event bus for the environment.
-	e.eventMu.Do(func() {
+func (e *Environment) Events() *events.Bus {
-		e.emitter = events.New()
-	})
-
 	return e.emitter
 }
 
-// Determines if the container exists in this environment. The ID passed through should be the
+// Exists determines if the container exists in this environment. The ID passed
-// server UUID since containers are created utilizing the server UUID as the name and docker
+// through should be the server UUID since containers are created utilizing the
-// will work fine when using the container name as the lookup parameter in addition to the longer
+// server UUID as the name and docker will work fine when using the container
-// ID auto-assigned when the container is created.
+// name as the lookup parameter in addition to the longer ID auto-assigned when
+// the container is created.
 func (e *Environment) Exists() (bool, error) {
-	_, err := e.client.ContainerInspect(context.Background(), e.Id)
+	_, err := e.ContainerInspect(context.Background())
-
 	if err != nil {
 		// If this error is because the container instance wasn't found via Docker we
 		// can safely ignore the error and just return false.
 		if client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
 			return false, nil
 		}
-
 		return false, err
 	}
-
 	return true, nil
 }
 
@@ -138,17 +137,17 @@ func (e *Environment) Exists() (bool, error) {
 //
 // @see docker/client/errors.go
 func (e *Environment) IsRunning(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
-	c, err := e.client.ContainerInspect(ctx, e.Id)
+	c, err := e.ContainerInspect(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false, err
 	}
 	return c.State.Running, nil
 }
 
-// Determine the container exit state and return the exit code and whether or not
+// ExitState returns the container exit state, the exit code and whether or not
 // the container was killed by the OOM killer.
 func (e *Environment) ExitState() (uint32, bool, error) {
-	c, err := e.client.ContainerInspect(context.Background(), e.Id)
+	c, err := e.ContainerInspect(context.Background())
 	if err != nil {
 		// I'm not entirely sure how this can happen to be honest. I tried deleting a
 		// container _while_ a server was running and wings gracefully saw the crash and
@@ -162,15 +161,13 @@ func (e *Environment) ExitState() (uint32, bool, error) {
 		if client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
 			return 1, false, nil
 		}
-
 		return 0, false, err
 	}
-
 	return uint32(c.State.ExitCode), c.State.OOMKilled, nil
 }
 
-// Returns the environment configuration allowing a process to make modifications of the
+// Config returns the environment configuration allowing a process to make
-// environment on the fly.
+// modifications of the environment on the fly.
 func (e *Environment) Config() *environment.Configuration {
 	e.mu.RLock()
 	defer e.mu.RUnlock()
@@ -178,12 +175,11 @@ func (e *Environment) Config() *environment.Configuration {
 	return e.Configuration
 }
 
-// Sets the stop configuration for the environment.
+// SetStopConfiguration sets the stop configuration for the environment.
 func (e *Environment) SetStopConfiguration(c remote.ProcessStopConfiguration) {
 	e.mu.Lock()
-	defer e.mu.Unlock()
-
 	e.meta.Stop = c
+	e.mu.Unlock()
 }
 
 func (e *Environment) SetImage(i string) {
@@ -215,3 +211,10 @@ func (e *Environment) SetState(state string) {
 		e.Events().Publish(environment.StateChangeEvent, state)
 	}
 }
+
+func (e *Environment) SetLogCallback(f func([]byte)) {
+	e.logCallbackMx.Lock()
+	defer e.logCallbackMx.Unlock()
+
+	e.logCallback = f
+}

environment/docker/power.go

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ func (e *Environment) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
 		}
 	}()
 
-	if c, err := e.client.ContainerInspect(ctx, e.Id); err != nil {
+	if c, err := e.ContainerInspect(ctx); err != nil {
 		// Do nothing if the container is not found, we just don't want to continue
 		// to the next block of code here. This check was inlined here to guard against
 		// a nil-pointer when checking c.State below.
@@ -111,14 +111,24 @@ func (e *Environment) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
 	actx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Second*30)
 	defer cancel()
 
+	// You must attach to the instance _before_ you start the container. If you do this
+	// in the opposite order you'll enter a deadlock condition where we're attached to
+	// the instance successfully, but the container has already stopped and you'll get
+	// the entire program into a very confusing state.
+	//
+	// By explicitly attaching to the instance before we start it, we can immediately
+	// react to errors/output stopping/etc. when starting.
+	if err := e.Attach(actx); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	if err := e.client.ContainerStart(actx, e.Id, types.ContainerStartOptions{}); err != nil {
 		return errors.WrapIf(err, "environment/docker: failed to start container")
 	}
 
 	// No errors, good to continue through.
 	sawError = false
-
+	return nil
-	return e.Attach(actx)
 }
 
 // Stop stops the container that the server is running in. This will allow up to
@@ -128,9 +138,7 @@ func (e *Environment) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
 // You most likely want to be using WaitForStop() rather than this function,
 // since this will return as soon as the command is sent, rather than waiting
 // for the process to be completed stopped.
-//
+func (e *Environment) Stop(ctx context.Context) error {
-// TODO: pass context through from the server instance.
-func (e *Environment) Stop() error {
 	e.mu.RLock()
 	s := e.meta.Stop
 	e.mu.RUnlock()
@@ -154,7 +162,7 @@ func (e *Environment) Stop() error {
 		case "SIGTERM":
 			signal = syscall.SIGTERM
 		}
-		return e.Terminate(signal)
+		return e.Terminate(ctx, signal)
 	}
 
 	// If the process is already offline don't switch it back to stopping. Just leave it how
@@ -169,8 +177,10 @@ func (e *Environment) Stop() error {
 		return e.SendCommand(s.Value)
 	}
 
-	t := time.Second * 30
+	// Allow the stop action to run for however long it takes, similar to executing a command
-	if err := e.client.ContainerStop(context.Background(), e.Id, &t); err != nil {
+	// and using a different logic pathway to wait for the container to stop successfully.
+	t := time.Duration(-1)
+	if err := e.client.ContainerStop(ctx, e.Id, &t); err != nil {
 		// If the container does not exist just mark the process as stopped and return without
 		// an error.
 		if client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
@@ -188,45 +198,66 @@ func (e *Environment) Stop() error {
 // command. If the server does not stop after seconds have passed, an error will
 // be returned, or the instance will be terminated forcefully depending on the
 // value of the second argument.
-func (e *Environment) WaitForStop(seconds uint, terminate bool) error {
+//
-	if err := e.Stop(); err != nil {
+// Calls to Environment.Terminate() in this function use the context passed
-		return err
+// through since we don't want to prevent termination of the server instance
+// just because the context.WithTimeout() has expired.
+func (e *Environment) WaitForStop(ctx context.Context, duration time.Duration, terminate bool) error {
+	tctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), duration)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	// If the parent context is canceled, abort the timed context for termination.
+	go func() {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			cancel()
+		case <-tctx.Done():
+			// When the timed context is canceled, terminate this routine since we no longer
+			// need to worry about the parent routine being canceled.
+			break
+		}
+	}()
+
+	doTermination := func(s string) error {
+		e.log().WithField("step", s).WithField("duration", duration).Warn("container stop did not complete in time, terminating process...")
+		return e.Terminate(ctx, os.Kill)
 	}
 
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Duration(seconds)*time.Second)
+	// We pass through the timed context for this stop action so that if one of the
-	defer cancel()
+	// internal docker calls fails to ever finish before we've exhausted the time limit
+	// the resources get cleaned up, and the exection is stopped.
+	if err := e.Stop(tctx); err != nil {
+		if terminate && errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+			return doTermination("stop")
+		}
+		return err
+	}
 
 	// Block the return of this function until the container as been marked as no
 	// longer running. If this wait does not end by the time seconds have passed,
 	// attempt to terminate the container, or return an error.
-	ok, errChan := e.client.ContainerWait(ctx, e.Id, container.WaitConditionNotRunning)
+	ok, errChan := e.client.ContainerWait(tctx, e.Id, container.WaitConditionNotRunning)
 	select {
 	case <-ctx.Done():
-		if ctxErr := ctx.Err(); ctxErr != nil {
+		if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
 			if terminate {
-				log.WithField("container_id", e.Id).Info("server did not stop in time, executing process termination")
+				return doTermination("parent-context")
-
-				return e.Terminate(os.Kill)
 			}
-
+			return err
-			return ctxErr
 		}
 	case err := <-errChan:
 		// If the error stems from the container not existing there is no point in wasting
 		// CPU time to then try and terminate it.
-		if err != nil && !client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+		if err == nil || client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
-			if terminate {
+			return nil
-				l := log.WithField("container_id", e.Id)
-				if errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
-					l.Warn("deadline exceeded for container stop; terminating process")
-				} else {
-					l.WithField("error", err).Warn("error while waiting for container stop; terminating process")
-				}
-
-				return e.Terminate(os.Kill)
-			}
-			return errors.WrapIf(err, "environment/docker: error waiting on container to enter \"not-running\" state")
 		}
+		if terminate {
+			if !errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+				e.log().WithField("error", err).Warn("error while waiting for container stop; terminating process")
+			}
+			return doTermination("wait")
+		}
+		return errors.WrapIf(err, "environment/docker: error waiting on container to enter \"not-running\" state")
 	case <-ok:
 	}
 
@@ -234,8 +265,8 @@ func (e *Environment) WaitForStop(seconds uint, terminate bool) error {
 }
 
 // Terminate forcefully terminates the container using the signal provided.
-func (e *Environment) Terminate(signal os.Signal) error {
+func (e *Environment) Terminate(ctx context.Context, signal os.Signal) error {
-	c, err := e.client.ContainerInspect(context.Background(), e.Id)
+	c, err := e.ContainerInspect(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		// Treat missing containers as an okay error state, means it is obviously
 		// already terminated at this point.
@@ -260,7 +291,7 @@ func (e *Environment) Terminate(signal os.Signal) error {
 	// We set it to stopping than offline to prevent crash detection from being triggered.
 	e.SetState(environment.ProcessStoppingState)
 	sig := strings.TrimSuffix(strings.TrimPrefix(signal.String(), "signal "), "ed")
-	if err := e.client.ContainerKill(context.Background(), e.Id, sig); err != nil && !client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+	if err := e.client.ContainerKill(ctx, e.Id, sig); err != nil && !client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
 		return errors.WithStack(err)
 	}
 	e.SetState(environment.ProcessOfflineState)

environment/docker/stats.go

@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ package docker
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
 	"io"
 	"math"
 	"time"
 
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
+	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
 
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/environment"
 )
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import (
 // Uptime returns the current uptime of the container in milliseconds. If the
 // container is not currently running this will return 0.
 func (e *Environment) Uptime(ctx context.Context) (int64, error) {
-	ins, err := e.client.ContainerInspect(ctx, e.Id)
+	ins, err := e.ContainerInspect(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0, errors.Wrap(err, "environment: could not inspect container")
 	}
@@ -90,11 +90,7 @@ func (e *Environment) pollResources(ctx context.Context) error {
 				st.Network.TxBytes += nw.TxBytes
 			}
 
-			if b, err := json.Marshal(st); err != nil {
+			e.Events().Publish(environment.ResourceEvent, st)
-				e.log().WithField("error", err).Warn("error while marshaling stats object for environment")
-			} else {
-				e.Events().Publish(environment.ResourceEvent, string(b))
-			}
 		}
 	}
 }

environment/environment.go

@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@ package environment
 import (
 	"context"
 	"os"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/events"
 )
 
 const (
-	ConsoleOutputEvent       = "console output"
 	StateChangeEvent         = "state change"
 	ResourceEvent            = "resources"
 	DockerImagePullStarted   = "docker image pull started"
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ type ProcessEnvironment interface {
 	// Returns an event emitter instance that can be hooked into to listen for different
 	// events that are fired by the environment. This should not allow someone to publish
 	// events, only subscribe to them.
-	Events() *events.EventBus
+	Events() *events.Bus
 
 	// Determines if the server instance exists. For example, in a docker environment
 	// this should confirm that the container is created and in a bootable state. In
@@ -59,18 +59,20 @@ type ProcessEnvironment interface {
 	// can be started an error should be returned.
 	Start(ctx context.Context) error
 
-	// Stops a server instance. If the server is already stopped an error should
+	// Stop stops a server instance. If the server is already stopped an error will
-	// not be returned.
+	// not be returned, this function will act as a no-op.
-	Stop() error
+	Stop(ctx context.Context) error
 
-	// Waits for a server instance to stop gracefully. If the server is still detected
+	// WaitForStop waits for a server instance to stop gracefully. If the server is
-	// as running after seconds, an error will be returned, or the server will be terminated
+	// still detected as running after "duration", an error will be returned, or the server
-	// depending on the value of the second argument.
+	// will be terminated depending on the value of the second argument. If the context
-	WaitForStop(seconds uint, terminate bool) error
+	// provided is canceled the underlying wait conditions will be stopped and the
+	// entire loop will be ended (potentially without stopping or terminating).
+	WaitForStop(ctx context.Context, duration time.Duration, terminate bool) error
 
-	// Terminates a running server instance using the provided signal. If the server
+	// Terminate stops a running server instance using the provided signal. This function
-	// is not running no error should be returned.
+	// is a no-op if the server is already stopped.
-	Terminate(signal os.Signal) error
+	Terminate(ctx context.Context, signal os.Signal) error
 
 	// Destroys the environment removing any containers that were created (in Docker
 	// environments at least).
@@ -108,4 +110,7 @@ type ProcessEnvironment interface {
 	// Uptime returns the current environment uptime in milliseconds. This is
 	// the time that has passed since it was last started.
 	Uptime(ctx context.Context) (int64, error)
+
+	// SetLogCallback sets the callback that the container's log output will be passed to.
+	SetLogCallback(func([]byte))
 }

environment/settings.go

@@ -75,13 +75,7 @@ func (l Limits) ConvertedCpuLimit() int64 {
 // server is < 4G, use 10%, if less than 2G use 15%. This avoids unexpected
 // crashes from processes like Java which run over the limit.
 func (l Limits) MemoryOverheadMultiplier() float64 {
-	if l.MemoryLimit <= 2048 {
+	return config.Get().Docker.Overhead.GetMultiplier(l.MemoryLimit)
-		return 1.15
-	} else if l.MemoryLimit <= 4096 {
-		return 1.10
-	}
-
-	return 1.05
 }
 
 func (l Limits) BoundedMemoryLimit() int64 {
@@ -105,21 +99,36 @@ func (l Limits) ProcessLimit() int64 {
 	return config.Get().Docker.ContainerPidLimit
 }
 
+// AsContainerResources returns the available resources for a container in a format
+// that Docker understands.
 func (l Limits) AsContainerResources() container.Resources {
 	pids := l.ProcessLimit()
-
+	resources := container.Resources{
-	return container.Resources{
 		Memory:            l.BoundedMemoryLimit(),
 		MemoryReservation: l.MemoryLimit * 1_000_000,
 		MemorySwap:        l.ConvertedSwap(),
-		CPUQuota:          l.ConvertedCpuLimit(),
-		CPUPeriod:         100_000,
-		CPUShares:         1024,
 		BlkioWeight:       l.IoWeight,
 		OomKillDisable:    &l.OOMDisabled,
-		CpusetCpus:        l.Threads,
 		PidsLimit:         &pids,
 	}
+
+	// If the CPU Limit is not set, don't send any of these fields through. Providing
+	// them seems to break some Java services that try to read the available processors.
+	//
+	// @see https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/issues/3988
+	if l.CpuLimit > 0 {
+		resources.CPUQuota = l.CpuLimit * 1_000
+		resources.CPUPeriod = 100_000
+		resources.CPUShares = 1024
+	}
+
+	// Similar to above, don't set the specific assigned CPUs if we didn't actually limit
+	// the server to any of them.
+	if l.Threads != "" {
+		resources.CpusetCpus = l.Threads
+	}
+
+	return resources
 }
 
 type Variables map[string]interface{}

events/events.go

@@ -1,122 +1,71 @@
 package events
 
 import (
-	"encoding/json"
 	"strings"
-	"sync"
 
-	"github.com/gammazero/workerpool"
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
 )
 
+// Event represents an Event sent over a Bus.
 type Event struct {
-	Data  string
 	Topic string
+	Data  interface{}
 }
 
-type EventBus struct {
+// Bus represents an Event Bus.
-	mu    sync.RWMutex
+type Bus struct {
-	pools map[string]*CallbackPool
+	*system.SinkPool
 }
 
-func New() *EventBus {
+// NewBus returns a new empty Bus. This is simply a nicer wrapper around the
-	return &EventBus{
+// system.SinkPool implementation that allows for more simplistic usage within
-		pools: make(map[string]*CallbackPool),
+// the codebase.
+//
+// All of the events emitted out of this bus are byte slices that can be decoded
+// back into an events.Event interface.
+func NewBus() *Bus {
+	return &Bus{
+		system.NewSinkPool(),
 	}
 }
 
-// Publish data to a given topic.
+// Publish publishes a message to the Bus.
-func (e *EventBus) Publish(topic string, data string) {
+func (b *Bus) Publish(topic string, data interface{}) {
-	t := topic
+	// Some of our actions for the socket support passing a more specific namespace,
-	// Some of our topics for the socket support passing a more specific namespace,
 	// such as "backup completed:1234" to indicate which specific backup was completed.
 	//
 	// In these cases, we still need to send the event using the standard listener
 	// name of "backup completed".
 	if strings.Contains(topic, ":") {
 		parts := strings.SplitN(topic, ":", 2)
-
 		if len(parts) == 2 {
-			t = parts[0]
+			topic = parts[0]
 		}
 	}
 
-	e.mu.RLock()
+	enc, err := json.Marshal(Event{Topic: topic, Data: data})
-	defer e.mu.RUnlock()
+	if err != nil {
-
+		panic(errors.WithStack(err))
-	// Acquire a read lock and loop over all the channels registered for the topic. This
-	// avoids a panic crash if the process tries to unregister the channel while this routine
-	// is running.
-	if cp, ok := e.pools[t]; ok {
-		for _, callback := range cp.callbacks {
-			c := *callback
-			evt := Event{Data: data, Topic: topic}
-			// Using the workerpool with one worker allows us to execute events in a FIFO manner. Running
-			// this using goroutines would cause things such as console output to just output in random order
-			// if more than one event is fired at the same time.
-			//
-			// However, the pool submission does not block the execution of this function itself, allowing
-			// us to call publish without blocking any of the other pathways.
-			//
-			// @see https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/issues/2303
-			cp.pool.Submit(func() {
-				c(evt)
-			})
-		}
 	}
+	b.Push(enc)
 }
 
-// PublishJson publishes a JSON message to a given topic.
+// MustDecode decodes the event byte slice back into an events.Event struct or
-func (e *EventBus) PublishJson(topic string, data interface{}) error {
+// panics if an error is encountered during this process.
-	b, err := json.Marshal(data)
+func MustDecode(data []byte) (e Event) {
-	if err != nil {
+	if err := DecodeTo(data, &e); err != nil {
-		return err
+		panic(err)
 	}
+	return
+}
 
-	e.Publish(topic, string(b))
+// DecodeTo decodes a byte slice of event data into the given interface.
-
+func DecodeTo(data []byte, v interface{}) error {
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &v); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "events: failed to decode byte slice")
+	}
 	return nil
 }
-
-// On adds a callback function that will be executed each time one of the events using the topic
-// name is called.
-func (e *EventBus) On(topic string, callback *func(Event)) {
-	e.mu.Lock()
-	defer e.mu.Unlock()
-
-	// Check if this topic has been registered at least once for the event listener, and if
-	// not create an empty struct for the topic.
-	if _, exists := e.pools[topic]; !exists {
-		e.pools[topic] = &CallbackPool{
-			callbacks: make([]*func(Event), 0),
-			pool:      workerpool.New(1),
-		}
-	}
-
-	// If this callback is not already registered as an event listener, go ahead and append
-	// it to the array of callbacks for this topic.
-	e.pools[topic].Add(callback)
-}
-
-// Off removes an event listener from the bus.
-func (e *EventBus) Off(topic string, callback *func(Event)) {
-	e.mu.Lock()
-	defer e.mu.Unlock()
-
-	if cp, ok := e.pools[topic]; ok {
-		cp.Remove(callback)
-	}
-}
-
-// Destroy removes all the event listeners that have been registered for any topic. Also stops the worker
-// pool to close that routine.
-func (e *EventBus) Destroy() {
-	e.mu.Lock()
-	defer e.mu.Unlock()
-
-	// Stop every pool that exists for a given callback topic.
-	for _, cp := range e.pools {
-		cp.pool.Stop()
-	}
-
-	e.pools = make(map[string]*CallbackPool)
-}

events/events_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+package events
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	. "github.com/franela/goblin"
+)
+
+func TestNewBus(t *testing.T) {
+	g := Goblin(t)
+
+	g.Describe("Events", func() {
+		var bus *Bus
+		g.BeforeEach(func() {
+			bus = NewBus()
+		})
+
+		g.Describe("NewBus", func() {
+			g.It("is not nil", func() {
+				g.Assert(bus).IsNotNil("Bus expected to not be nil")
+			})
+		})
+
+		g.Describe("Publish", func() {
+			const topic = "test"
+			const message = "this is a test message!"
+
+			g.It("publishes message", func() {
+				bus := NewBus()
+
+				listener := make(chan []byte)
+				bus.On(listener)
+
+				done := make(chan struct{}, 1)
+				go func() {
+					select {
+					case v := <-listener:
+						m := MustDecode(v)
+						g.Assert(m.Topic).Equal(topic)
+						g.Assert(m.Data).Equal(message)
+					case <-time.After(1 * time.Second):
+						g.Fail("listener did not receive message in time")
+					}
+					done <- struct{}{}
+				}()
+				bus.Publish(topic, message)
+				<-done
+
+				// Cleanup
+				bus.Off(listener)
+			})
+
+			g.It("publishes message to all listeners", func() {
+				bus := NewBus()
+
+				listener := make(chan []byte)
+				listener2 := make(chan []byte)
+				listener3 := make(chan []byte)
+				bus.On(listener)
+				bus.On(listener2)
+				bus.On(listener3)
+
+				done := make(chan struct{}, 1)
+				go func() {
+					for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
+						select {
+						case v := <-listener:
+							m := MustDecode(v)
+							g.Assert(m.Topic).Equal(topic)
+							g.Assert(m.Data).Equal(message)
+						case v := <-listener2:
+							m := MustDecode(v)
+							g.Assert(m.Topic).Equal(topic)
+							g.Assert(m.Data).Equal(message)
+						case v := <-listener3:
+							m := MustDecode(v)
+							g.Assert(m.Topic).Equal(topic)
+							g.Assert(m.Data).Equal(message)
+						case <-time.After(1 * time.Second):
+							g.Fail("all listeners did not receive the message in time")
+							i = 3
+						}
+					}
+
+					done <- struct{}{}
+				}()
+				bus.Publish(topic, message)
+				<-done
+
+				// Cleanup
+				bus.Off(listener)
+				bus.Off(listener2)
+				bus.Off(listener3)
+			})
+		})
+	})
+}

events/pool.go

@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-package events
-
-import (
-	"reflect"
-
-	"github.com/gammazero/workerpool"
-)
-
-type CallbackPool struct {
-	callbacks []*func(Event)
-	pool      *workerpool.WorkerPool
-}
-
-// Pushes a new callback into the array of listeners for the pool.
-func (cp *CallbackPool) Add(callback *func(Event)) {
-	if cp.index(reflect.ValueOf(callback)) < 0 {
-		cp.callbacks = append(cp.callbacks, callback)
-	}
-}
-
-// Removes a callback from the array of registered callbacks if it exists.
-func (cp *CallbackPool) Remove(callback *func(Event)) {
-	i := cp.index(reflect.ValueOf(callback))
-
-	// If i < 0 it means there was no index found for the given callback, meaning it was
-	// never registered or was already unregistered from the listeners. Also double check
-	// that we didn't somehow escape the length of the topic callback (not sure how that
-	// would happen, but lets avoid a panic condition).
-	if i < 0 || i >= len(cp.callbacks) {
-		return
-	}
-
-	// We can assume that the topic still exists at this point since we acquire an exclusive
-	// lock on the process, and the "e.index" function cannot return a value >= 0 if there is
-	// no topic already existing.
-	cp.callbacks = append(cp.callbacks[:i], cp.callbacks[i+1:]...)
-}
-
-// Finds the index of a given callback in the topic by comparing all of the registered callback
-// pointers to the passed function. This function does not aquire a lock as it should only be called
-// within the confines of a function that has already acquired a lock for the duration of the lookup.
-func (cp *CallbackPool) index(v reflect.Value) int {
-	for i, handler := range cp.callbacks {
-		if reflect.ValueOf(handler).Pointer() == v.Pointer() {
-			return i
-		}
-	}
-
-	return -1
-}

go.mod

@@ -1,72 +1,125 @@
 module github.com/pterodactyl/wings
 
-go 1.16
+go 1.18
 
 require (
-	emperror.dev/errors v0.8.0
+	emperror.dev/errors v0.8.1
-	github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2 v2.2.15
+	github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2 v2.3.6
 	github.com/Jeffail/gabs/v2 v2.6.1
-	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.5.0 // indirect
-	github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.8.20 // indirect
 	github.com/NYTimes/logrotate v1.0.0
-	github.com/andybalholm/brotli v1.0.3 // indirect
 	github.com/apex/log v1.9.0
 	github.com/asaskevich/govalidator v0.0.0-20210307081110-f21760c49a8d
 	github.com/beevik/etree v1.1.0
 	github.com/buger/jsonparser v1.1.1
-	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.1.1
+	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.1.3
 	github.com/cobaugh/osrelease v0.0.0-20181218015638-a93a0a55a249
-	github.com/containerd/containerd v1.5.5 // indirect
+	github.com/creasty/defaults v1.6.0
-	github.com/creasty/defaults v1.5.1
+	github.com/docker/docker v20.10.18+incompatible
-	github.com/docker/docker v20.10.7+incompatible
 	github.com/docker/go-connections v0.4.0
-	github.com/fatih/color v1.12.0
+	github.com/fatih/color v1.13.0
 	github.com/franela/goblin v0.0.0-20200825194134-80c0062ed6cd
-	github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.3.1
+	github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.1
-	github.com/gammazero/workerpool v1.1.2
+	github.com/gammazero/workerpool v1.1.3
 	github.com/gbrlsnchs/jwt/v3 v3.0.1
-	github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.7.2
+	github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.8.1
-	github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.8.0 // indirect
+	github.com/glebarez/sqlite v1.4.8
-	github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.4 // indirect
+	github.com/go-co-op/gocron v1.17.0
+	github.com/goccy/go-json v0.9.11
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.3.0
-	github.com/gorilla/mux v1.7.4 // indirect
+	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.5.0
-	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.4.2
 	github.com/iancoleman/strcase v0.2.0
-	github.com/icza/dyno v0.0.0-20210726202311-f1bafe5d9996
+	github.com/icza/dyno v0.0.0-20220812133438-f0b6f8a18845
-	github.com/juju/ratelimit v1.0.1
+	github.com/juju/ratelimit v1.0.2
-	github.com/karrick/godirwalk v1.16.1
+	github.com/karrick/godirwalk v1.17.0
-	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.13.2 // indirect
+	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.15.11
 	github.com/klauspost/pgzip v1.2.5
-	github.com/magefile/mage v1.11.0 // indirect
+	github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.6
-	github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.5
+	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.13
-	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.8
+	github.com/mholt/archiver/v3 v3.5.1
-	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.13 // indirect
-	github.com/mgutz/ansi v0.0.0-20200706080929-d51e80ef957d // indirect
-	github.com/mholt/archiver/v3 v3.5.0
 	github.com/mitchellh/colorstring v0.0.0-20190213212951-d06e56a500db
-	github.com/moby/term v0.0.0-20210619224110-3f7ff695adc6 // indirect
-	github.com/morikuni/aec v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/niemeyer/pretty v0.0.0-20200227124842-a10e7caefd8e // indirect
-	github.com/nwaples/rardecode v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/patrickmn/go-cache v2.1.0+incompatible
-	github.com/pierrec/lz4/v4 v4.1.8 // indirect
+	github.com/pkg/sftp v1.13.5
-	github.com/pkg/profile v1.6.0
+	github.com/sabhiram/go-gitignore v0.0.0-20210923224102-525f6e181f06
-	github.com/pkg/sftp v1.13.2
+	github.com/spf13/afero v1.9.2
-	github.com/prometheus/common v0.30.0 // indirect
+	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.5.0
-	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.7.1 // indirect
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.0
-	github.com/sabhiram/go-gitignore v0.0.0-20201211210132-54b8a0bf510f
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20220926161630-eccd6366d1be
-	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.2.1
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20220929204114-8fcdb60fdcc0
-	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.0
+	gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.67.0
-	github.com/ulikunitz/xz v0.5.10 // indirect
-	go.uber.org/atomic v1.9.0 // indirect
-	go.uber.org/multierr v1.7.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210711020723-a769d52b0f97
-	golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210726213435-c6fcb2dbf985 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20210220032951-036812b2e83c
-	golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20210615171337-6886f2dfbf5b // indirect
-	golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20210723032227-1f47c861a9ac // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20210729151513-df9385d47c1b // indirect
-	gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20200227125254-8fa46927fb4f // indirect
-	gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.62.0
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0
+	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1
+	gorm.io/gorm v1.23.10
+)
+
+require (
+	github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20210617225240-d185dfc1b5a1 // indirect
+	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.9.4 // indirect
+	github.com/andybalholm/brotli v1.0.4 // indirect
+	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.1.2 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/fifo v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/distribution v2.8.1+incompatible // indirect
+	github.com/docker/go-metrics v0.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/dsnet/compress v0.0.2-0.20210315054119-f66993602bf5 // indirect
+	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.5.4 // indirect
+	github.com/gammazero/deque v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/gin-contrib/sse v0.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/glebarez/go-sqlite v1.19.1 // indirect
+	github.com/go-playground/locales v0.14.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-playground/universal-translator v0.18.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.11.1 // indirect
+	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 // indirect
+	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.2 // indirect
+	github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.4 // indirect
+	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5 // indirect
+	github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12 // indirect
+	github.com/kballard/go-shellquote v0.0.0-20180428030007-95032a82bc51 // indirect
+	github.com/kr/fs v0.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/leodido/go-urn v1.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/magefile/mage v1.14.0 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.16 // indirect
+	github.com/matttproud/golang_protobuf_extensions v1.0.2 // indirect
+	github.com/mgutz/ansi v0.0.0-20200706080929-d51e80ef957d // indirect
+	github.com/moby/term v0.0.0-20220808134915-39b0c02b01ae // indirect
+	github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd // indirect
+	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 // indirect
+	github.com/morikuni/aec v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/nwaples/rardecode v1.1.3 // indirect
+	github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.1.0-rc2 // indirect
+	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.0.5 // indirect
+	github.com/pierrec/lz4/v4 v4.1.17 // indirect
+	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
+	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.13.0 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/common v0.37.0 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.8.0 // indirect
+	github.com/remyoudompheng/bigfft v0.0.0-20220927061507-ef77025ab5aa // indirect
+	github.com/robfig/cron/v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.0 // indirect
+	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5 // indirect
+	github.com/ugorji/go/codec v1.2.7 // indirect
+	github.com/ulikunitz/xz v0.5.10 // indirect
+	github.com/xi2/xz v0.0.0-20171230120015-48954b6210f8 // indirect
+	go.uber.org/atomic v1.10.0 // indirect
+	go.uber.org/multierr v1.8.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.6.0-dev.0.20220419223038-86c51ed26bb4 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20221004154528-8021a29435af // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220928140112-f11e5e49a4ec // indirect
+	golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20220919170432-7a66f970e087 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.3.8 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20220922220347-f3bd1da661af // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.1.12 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20220907171357-04be3eba64a2 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.28.1 // indirect
+	modernc.org/libc v1.20.0 // indirect
+	modernc.org/mathutil v1.5.0 // indirect
+	modernc.org/memory v1.4.0 // indirect
+	modernc.org/sqlite v1.19.1 // indirect
 )

installer/installer.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"github.com/asaskevich/govalidator"
+
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/remote"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
 )
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ func New(ctx context.Context, manager *server.Manager, details ServerDetails) (*
 
 	// Create a new server instance using the configuration we wrote to the disk
 	// so that everything gets instantiated correctly on the struct.
-	s, err := manager.InitServer(c)
+	s, err := manager.InitServer(ctx, c)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.WrapIf(err, "installer: could not init server instance")
 	}

internal/cron/activity_cron.go

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+package cron
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/database"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/models"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
+)
+
+type activityCron struct {
+	mu      *system.AtomicBool
+	manager *server.Manager
+	max     int
+}
+
+// Run executes the cronjob and ensures we fetch and send all of the stored activity to the
+// Panel instance. Once activity is sent it is deleted from the local database instance. Any
+// SFTP specific events are not handled in this cron, they're handled seperately to account
+// for de-duplication and event merging.
+func (ac *activityCron) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
+	// Don't execute this cron if there is currently one running. Once this task is completed
+	// go ahead and mark it as no longer running.
+	if !ac.mu.SwapIf(true) {
+		return errors.WithStack(ErrCronRunning)
+	}
+	defer ac.mu.Store(false)
+
+	var activity []models.Activity
+	tx := database.Instance().WithContext(ctx).
+		Where("event NOT LIKE ?", "server:sftp.%").
+		Limit(ac.max).
+		Find(&activity)
+
+	if tx.Error != nil {
+		return errors.WithStack(tx.Error)
+	}
+	if len(activity) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if err := ac.manager.Client().SendActivityLogs(ctx, activity); err != nil {
+		return errors.WrapIf(err, "cron: failed to send activity events to Panel")
+	}
+
+	var ids []int
+	for _, v := range activity {
+		ids = append(ids, v.ID)
+	}
+
+	tx = database.Instance().WithContext(ctx).Where("id IN ?", ids).Delete(&models.Activity{})
+	if tx.Error != nil {
+		return errors.WithStack(tx.Error)
+	}
+	return nil
+}

internal/cron/cron.go

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+package cron
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"time"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	log2 "github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/go-co-op/gocron"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
+)
+
+const ErrCronRunning = errors.Sentinel("cron: job already running")
+
+var o system.AtomicBool
+
+// Scheduler configures the internal cronjob system for Wings and returns the scheduler
+// instance to the caller. This should only be called once per application lifecycle, additional
+// calls will result in an error being returned.
+func Scheduler(ctx context.Context, m *server.Manager) (*gocron.Scheduler, error) {
+	if !o.SwapIf(true) {
+		return nil, errors.New("cron: cannot call scheduler more than once in application lifecycle")
+	}
+	l, err := time.LoadLocation(config.Get().System.Timezone)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "cron: failed to parse configured system timezone")
+	}
+
+	activity := activityCron{
+		mu:      system.NewAtomicBool(false),
+		manager: m,
+		max:     config.Get().System.ActivitySendCount,
+	}
+
+	sftp := sftpCron{
+		mu:      system.NewAtomicBool(false),
+		manager: m,
+		max:     config.Get().System.ActivitySendCount,
+	}
+
+	s := gocron.NewScheduler(l)
+	log := log2.WithField("subsystem", "cron")
+
+	interval := time.Duration(config.Get().System.ActivitySendInterval) * time.Second
+	log.WithField("interval", interval).Info("configuring system crons")
+
+	_, _ = s.Tag("activity").Every(interval).Do(func() {
+		log.WithField("cron", "activity").Debug("sending internal activity events to Panel")
+		if err := activity.Run(ctx); err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, ErrCronRunning) {
+				log.WithField("cron", "activity").Warn("activity process is already running, skipping...")
+			} else {
+				log.WithField("cron", "activity").WithField("error", err).Error("activity process failed to execute")
+			}
+		}
+	})
+
+	_, _ = s.Tag("sftp").Every(interval).Do(func() {
+		log.WithField("cron", "sftp").Debug("sending sftp events to Panel")
+		if err := sftp.Run(ctx); err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, ErrCronRunning) {
+				log.WithField("cron", "sftp").Warn("sftp events process already running, skipping...")
+			} else {
+				log.WithField("cron", "sftp").WithField("error", err).Error("sftp events process failed to execute")
+			}
+		}
+	})
+
+	return s, nil
+}

internal/cron/sftp_cron.go

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+package cron
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"reflect"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/database"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/models"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
+)
+
+type sftpCron struct {
+	mu      *system.AtomicBool
+	manager *server.Manager
+	max     int
+}
+
+type mapKey struct {
+	User      string
+	Server    string
+	IP        string
+	Event     models.Event
+	Timestamp string
+}
+
+type eventMap struct {
+	max int
+	ids []int
+	m   map[mapKey]*models.Activity
+}
+
+// Run executes the SFTP reconciliation cron. This job will pull all of the SFTP specific events
+// and merge them together across user, server, ip, and event. This allows a SFTP event that deletes
+// tens or hundreds of files to be tracked as a single "deletion" event so long as they all occur
+// within the same one minute period of time (starting at the first timestamp for the group). Without
+// this we'd end up flooding the Panel event log with excessive data that is of no use to end users.
+func (sc *sftpCron) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
+	if !sc.mu.SwapIf(true) {
+		return errors.WithStack(ErrCronRunning)
+	}
+	defer sc.mu.Store(false)
+
+	var o int
+	activity, err := sc.fetchRecords(ctx, o)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	o += len(activity)
+
+	events := &eventMap{
+		m:   map[mapKey]*models.Activity{},
+		ids: []int{},
+		max: sc.max,
+	}
+
+	for {
+		if len(activity) == 0 {
+			break
+		}
+		slen := len(events.ids)
+		for _, a := range activity {
+			events.Push(a)
+		}
+		if len(events.ids) > slen {
+			// Execute the query again, we found some events so we want to continue
+			// with this. Start at the next offset.
+			activity, err = sc.fetchRecords(ctx, o)
+			if err != nil {
+				return errors.WithStack(err)
+			}
+			o += len(activity)
+		} else {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(events.m) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if err := sc.manager.Client().SendActivityLogs(ctx, events.Elements()); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to send sftp activity logs to Panel")
+	}
+	if tx := database.Instance().Where("id IN ?", events.ids).Delete(&models.Activity{}); tx.Error != nil {
+		return errors.WithStack(tx.Error)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// fetchRecords returns a group of activity events starting at the given offset. This is used
+// since we might need to make multiple database queries to select enough events to properly
+// fill up our request to the given maximum. This is due to the fact that this cron merges any
+// activity that line up across user, server, ip, and event into a single activity record when
+// sending the data to the Panel.
+func (sc *sftpCron) fetchRecords(ctx context.Context, offset int) (activity []models.Activity, err error) {
+	tx := database.Instance().WithContext(ctx).
+		Where("event LIKE ?", "server:sftp.%").
+		Order("event DESC").
+		Offset(offset).
+		Limit(sc.max).
+		Find(&activity)
+	if tx.Error != nil {
+		err = errors.WithStack(tx.Error)
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// Push adds an activity to the event mapping, or de-duplicates it and merges the files metadata
+// into the existing entity that exists.
+func (em *eventMap) Push(a models.Activity) {
+	m := em.forActivity(a)
+	// If no activity entity is returned we've hit the cap for the number of events to
+	// send along to the Panel. Just skip over this record and we'll account for it in
+	// the next iteration.
+	if m == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	em.ids = append(em.ids, a.ID)
+	// Always reduce this to the first timestamp that was recorded for the set
+	// of events, and not
+	if a.Timestamp.Before(m.Timestamp) {
+		m.Timestamp = a.Timestamp
+	}
+	list := m.Metadata["files"].([]interface{})
+	if s, ok := a.Metadata["files"]; ok {
+		v := reflect.ValueOf(s)
+		if v.Kind() != reflect.Slice || v.IsNil() {
+			return
+		}
+		for i := 0; i < v.Len(); i++ {
+			list = append(list, v.Index(i).Interface())
+		}
+		// You must set it again at the end of the process, otherwise you've only updated the file
+		// slice in this one loop since it isn't passed by reference. This is just shorter than having
+		// to explicitly keep casting it to the slice.
+		m.Metadata["files"] = list
+	}
+}
+
+// Elements returns the finalized activity models.
+func (em *eventMap) Elements() (out []models.Activity) {
+	for _, v := range em.m {
+		out = append(out, *v)
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// forActivity returns an event entity from our map which allows existing matches to be
+// updated with additional files.
+func (em *eventMap) forActivity(a models.Activity) *models.Activity {
+	key := mapKey{
+		User:   a.User.String,
+		Server: a.Server,
+		IP:     a.IP,
+		Event:  a.Event,
+		// We group by the minute, don't care about the seconds for this logic.
+		Timestamp: a.Timestamp.Format("2006-01-02_15:04"),
+	}
+	if v, ok := em.m[key]; ok {
+		return v
+	}
+	// Cap the size of the events map at the defined maximum events to send to the Panel. Just
+	// return nil and let the caller handle it.
+	if len(em.m) >= em.max {
+		return nil
+	}
+	// Doesn't exist in our map yet, create a copy of the activity passed into this
+	// function and then assign it into the map with an empty metadata value.
+	v := a
+	v.Metadata = models.ActivityMeta{
+		"files": make([]interface{}, 0),
+	}
+	em.m[key] = &v
+	return &v
+}

internal/database/database.go

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package database
+
+import (
+	"path/filepath"
+	"time"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/glebarez/sqlite"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+	"gorm.io/gorm/logger"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/models"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
+)
+
+var (
+	o  system.AtomicBool
+	db *gorm.DB
+)
+
+// Initialize configures the local SQLite database for Wings and ensures that the models have
+// been fully migrated.
+func Initialize() error {
+	if !o.SwapIf(true) {
+		panic("database: attempt to initialize more than once during application lifecycle")
+	}
+	p := filepath.Join(config.Get().System.RootDirectory, "wings.db")
+	instance, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(p), &gorm.Config{
+		Logger: logger.Default.LogMode(logger.Silent),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "database: could not open database file")
+	}
+	db = instance
+	if sql, err := db.DB(); err != nil {
+		return errors.WithStack(err)
+	} else {
+		sql.SetMaxOpenConns(1)
+		sql.SetConnMaxLifetime(time.Hour)
+	}
+	if tx := db.Exec("PRAGMA synchronous = OFF"); tx.Error != nil {
+		return errors.WithStack(tx.Error)
+	}
+	if tx := db.Exec("PRAGMA journal_mode = MEMORY"); tx.Error != nil {
+		return errors.WithStack(tx.Error)
+	}
+	if err := db.AutoMigrate(&models.Activity{}); err != nil {
+		return errors.WithStack(err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Instance returns the gorm database instance that was configured when the application was
+// booted.
+func Instance() *gorm.DB {
+	if db == nil {
+		panic("database: attempt to access instance before initialized")
+	}
+	return db
+}

internal/models/activity.go

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+package models
+
+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
+)
+
+type Event string
+
+type ActivityMeta map[string]interface{}
+
+// Activity defines an activity log event for a server entity performed by a user. This is
+// used for tracking commands, power actions, and SFTP events so that they can be reconciled
+// and sent back to the Panel instance to be displayed to the user.
+type Activity struct {
+	ID int `gorm:"primaryKey;not null" json:"-"`
+	// User is UUID of the user that triggered this event, or an empty string if the event
+	// cannot be tied to a specific user, in which case we will assume it was the system
+	// user.
+	User JsonNullString `gorm:"type:uuid" json:"user"`
+	// Server is the UUID of the server this event is associated with.
+	Server string `gorm:"type:uuid;not null" json:"server"`
+	// Event is a string that describes what occurred, and is used by the Panel instance to
+	// properly associate this event in the activity logs.
+	Event Event `gorm:"index;not null" json:"event"`
+	// Metadata is either a null value, string, or a JSON blob with additional event specific
+	// metadata that can be provided.
+	Metadata ActivityMeta `gorm:"serializer:json" json:"metadata"`
+	// IP is the IP address that triggered this event, or an empty string if it cannot be
+	// determined properly. This should be the connecting user's IP address, and not the
+	// internal system IP.
+	IP        string    `gorm:"not null" json:"ip"`
+	Timestamp time.Time `gorm:"not null" json:"timestamp"`
+}
+
+// SetUser sets the current user that performed the action. If an empty string is provided
+// it is cast into a null value when stored.
+func (a Activity) SetUser(u string) *Activity {
+	var ns JsonNullString
+	if u == "" {
+		if err := ns.Scan(nil); err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+	} else {
+		if err := ns.Scan(u); err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+	}
+	a.User = ns
+	return &a
+}
+
+// BeforeCreate executes before we create any activity entry to ensure the IP address
+// is trimmed down to remove any extraneous data, and the timestamp is set to the current
+// system time and then stored as UTC.
+func (a *Activity) BeforeCreate(_ *gorm.DB) error {
+	a.IP = system.TrimIPSuffix(a.IP)
+	if a.Timestamp.IsZero() {
+		a.Timestamp = time.Now()
+	}
+	a.Timestamp = a.Timestamp.UTC()
+	if a.Metadata == nil {
+		a.Metadata = ActivityMeta{}
+	}
+	return nil
+}

internal/models/models.go

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package models
+
+import (
+	"database/sql"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
+)
+
+type JsonNullString struct {
+	sql.NullString
+}
+
+func (v JsonNullString) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+	if v.Valid {
+		return json.Marshal(v.String)
+	} else {
+		return json.Marshal(nil)
+	}
+}
+
+func (v *JsonNullString) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
+	var s *string
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &s); err != nil {
+		return errors.WithStack(err)
+	}
+	if s != nil {
+		v.String = *s
+	}
+	v.Valid = s != nil
+	return nil
+}

internal/vhd/vhd.go

@@ -0,0 +1,330 @@
+package vhd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+	"github.com/spf13/afero"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+)
+
+var (
+	ErrInvalidDiskPathTarget = errors.Sentinel("vhd: disk path is a directory or symlink")
+	ErrMountPathNotDirectory = errors.Sentinel("vhd: mount point is not a directory")
+	ErrFilesystemMounted     = errors.Sentinel("vhd: filesystem is already mounted")
+	ErrFilesystemNotMounted  = errors.Sentinel("vhd: filesystem is not mounted")
+	ErrFilesystemExists      = errors.Sentinel("vhd: filesystem already exists on disk")
+)
+
+var useDdAllocation bool
+var setDdAllocator sync.Once
+
+// hasExitCode allows this code to test the response error to see if there is
+// an exit code available from the command call that can be used to determine if
+// something went wrong.
+type hasExitCode interface {
+	ExitCode() int
+}
+
+// Commander defines an interface that must be met for executing commands on the
+// underlying OS. By default the vhd package will use Go's exec.Cmd type for
+// execution. This interface allows stubbing out on tests, or potentially custom
+// setups down the line.
+type Commander interface {
+	Run() error
+	Output() ([]byte, error)
+	String() string
+}
+
+// CommanderProvider is a function that provides a struct meeting the Commander
+// interface requirements.
+type CommanderProvider func(ctx context.Context, name string, args ...string) Commander
+
+// CfgOption is a configuration option callback for the Disk.
+type CfgOption func(d *Disk) *Disk
+
+// Disk represents the underlying virtual disk for the instance.
+type Disk struct {
+	mu sync.RWMutex
+	// The total size of the disk allowed in bytes.
+	size int64
+	// The path where the disk image should be created.
+	diskPath string
+	// The point at which this disk should be made available on the system. This
+	// is where files can be read/written to.
+	mountAt   string
+	fs        afero.Fs
+	commander CommanderProvider
+}
+
+// DiskPath returns the underlying path that contains the virtual disk for the server
+// identified by its UUID.
+func DiskPath(uuid string) string {
+	return filepath.Join(config.Get().System.Data, ".vhd/", uuid+".img")
+}
+
+// Enabled returns true when VHD support is enabled on the instance.
+func Enabled() bool {
+	return config.Get().Servers.Filesystem.Driver == config.FSDriverVHD
+}
+
+// New returns a new Disk instance. The "size" parameter should be provided in
+// bytes of space allowed for the disk. An additional slice of option callbacks
+// can be provided to programatically swap out the underlying filesystem
+// implementation or the underlying command exection engine.
+func New(size int64, diskPath string, mountAt string, opts ...func(*Disk)) *Disk {
+	if diskPath == "" || mountAt == "" {
+		panic("vhd: cannot specify an empty disk or mount path")
+	}
+	d := Disk{
+		size:     size,
+		diskPath: diskPath,
+		mountAt:  mountAt,
+		fs:       afero.NewOsFs(),
+		commander: func(ctx context.Context, name string, args ...string) Commander {
+			return exec.CommandContext(ctx, name, args...)
+		},
+	}
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		opt(&d)
+	}
+	return &d
+}
+
+// WithFs allows for a different underlying filesystem to be provided to the
+// virtual disk manager.
+func WithFs(fs afero.Fs) func(*Disk) {
+	return func(d *Disk) {
+		d.fs = fs
+	}
+}
+
+// WithCommander allows a different Commander provider to be provided.
+func WithCommander(c CommanderProvider) func(*Disk) {
+	return func(d *Disk) {
+		d.commander = c
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *Disk) Path() string {
+	return d.diskPath
+}
+
+func (d *Disk) MountPath() string {
+	return d.mountAt
+}
+
+// Exists reports if the disk exists on the system yet or not. This only verifies
+// the presence of the disk image, not the validity of it. An error is returned
+// if the path exists but the destination is not a file or is a symlink.
+func (d *Disk) Exists() (bool, error) {
+	d.mu.RLock()
+	defer d.mu.RUnlock()
+	st, err := d.fs.Stat(d.diskPath)
+	if err != nil && os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return false, nil
+	} else if err != nil {
+		return false, errors.WithStack(err)
+	}
+	if !st.IsDir() && st.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink == 0 {
+		return true, nil
+	}
+	return false, errors.WithStack(ErrInvalidDiskPathTarget)
+}
+
+// IsMounted checks to see if the given disk is currently mounted.
+func (d *Disk) IsMounted(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
+	find := d.mountAt + " ext4"
+	cmd := d.commander(ctx, "grep", "-qs", find, "/proc/mounts")
+	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+		if v, ok := err.(hasExitCode); ok {
+			if v.ExitCode() == 1 {
+				return false, nil
+			}
+		}
+		return false, errors.Wrap(err, "vhd: failed to execute grep for mount existence")
+	}
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+// Mount attempts to mount the disk as configured. If it does not exist or the
+// mount command fails an error will be returned to the caller. This does not
+// attempt to create the disk if it is missing from the filesystem.
+//
+// Attempting to mount a disk which does not exist will result in an error being
+// returned to the caller. If the disk is already mounted an ErrFilesystemMounted
+// error is returned to the caller.
+func (d *Disk) Mount(ctx context.Context) error {
+	d.mu.Lock()
+	defer d.mu.Unlock()
+	return d.mount(ctx)
+}
+
+// Unmount attempts to unmount the disk from the system. If the disk is not
+// currently mounted this function is a no-op and ErrFilesystemNotMounted is
+// returned to the caller.
+func (d *Disk) Unmount(ctx context.Context) error {
+	d.mu.Lock()
+	defer d.mu.Unlock()
+	return d.unmount(ctx)
+}
+
+// Allocate executes the "fallocate" command on the disk. This will first unmount
+// the disk from the system before attempting to actually allocate the space. If
+// this disk already exists on the machine it will be resized accordingly.
+//
+// DANGER! This will unmount the disk from the machine while performing this
+// action, use caution when calling it during normal processes.
+func (d *Disk) Allocate(ctx context.Context) error {
+	d.mu.Lock()
+	defer d.mu.Unlock()
+	if exists, err := d.Exists(); exists {
+		// If the disk currently exists attempt to unmount the mount point before
+		// allocating space.
+		if err := d.Unmount(ctx); err != nil {
+			return errors.WithStackIf(err)
+		}
+	} else if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "vhd: failed to check for existence of root disk")
+	}
+	trim := path.Base(d.diskPath)
+	if err := d.fs.MkdirAll(strings.TrimSuffix(d.diskPath, trim), 0700); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "vhd: failed to create base vhd disk directory")
+	}
+	cmd := d.allocationCmd(ctx)
+	if _, err := cmd.Output(); err != nil {
+		msg := "vhd: failed to execute space allocation command"
+		if v, ok := err.(*exec.ExitError); ok {
+			stderr := strings.Trim(string(v.Stderr), ".\n")
+			if !useDdAllocation && strings.HasSuffix(stderr, "not supported") {
+				// Try again: fallocate is not supported on some filesystems so we'll fall
+				// back to making use of dd for subsequent operations.
+				setDdAllocator.Do(func() {
+					useDdAllocation = true
+				})
+				return d.Allocate(ctx)
+			}
+			msg = msg + ": " + stderr
+		}
+		return errors.Wrap(err, msg)
+	}
+	return errors.WithStack(d.fs.Chmod(d.diskPath, 0600))
+}
+
+// Resize will change the internal disk size limit and then allocate the new
+// space to the disk automatically.
+func (d *Disk) Resize(ctx context.Context, size int64) error {
+	atomic.StoreInt64(&d.size, size)
+	return d.Allocate(ctx)
+}
+
+// Destroy removes the underlying allocated disk image and unmounts the disk.
+func (d *Disk) Destroy(ctx context.Context) error {
+	d.mu.Lock()
+	defer d.mu.Unlock()
+	if err := d.unmount(ctx); err != nil {
+		return errors.WithStackIf(err)
+	}
+	return errors.WithStackIf(d.fs.RemoveAll(d.mountAt))
+}
+
+// MakeFilesystem will attempt to execute the "mkfs" command against the disk on
+// the machine. If the disk has already been created this command will return an
+// ErrFilesystemExists error to the caller. You should manually unmount the disk
+// if it shouldn't be mounted at this point.
+func (d *Disk) MakeFilesystem(ctx context.Context) error {
+	d.mu.Lock()
+	defer d.mu.Unlock()
+	// If no error is returned when mounting DO NOT execute this command as it will
+	// completely destroy the data stored at that location.
+	err := d.Mount(ctx)
+	if err == nil || errors.Is(err, ErrFilesystemMounted) {
+		// If it wasn't already mounted try to clean up at this point and unmount
+		// the disk. If this fails just ignore it for now.
+		if err != nil {
+			_ = d.Unmount(ctx)
+		}
+		return ErrFilesystemExists
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "can't find in /etc/fstab") && !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "exit status 32") {
+		return errors.WrapIf(err, "vhd: unexpected error from mount command")
+	}
+	// As long as we got an error back that was because we couldn't find thedisk
+	// in the /etc/fstab file we're good. Otherwise it means the disk probably exists
+	// or something else went wrong.
+	//
+	// Because this is a destructive command and non-tty based exection of it implies
+	// "-F" (force), we need to only run it when we can guarantee it doesn't already
+	// exist. No vague "maybe that error is expected" allowed here.
+	cmd := d.commander(ctx, "mkfs", "-t", "ext4", d.diskPath)
+	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "vhd: failed to make filesystem for disk")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (d *Disk) mount(ctx context.Context) error {
+	if isMounted, err := d.IsMounted(ctx); err != nil {
+		return errors.WithStackIf(err)
+	} else if isMounted {
+		return ErrFilesystemMounted
+	}
+
+	if st, err := d.fs.Stat(d.mountAt); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "vhd: failed to stat mount path")
+	} else if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		if err := d.fs.MkdirAll(d.mountAt, 0700); err != nil {
+			return errors.Wrap(err, "vhd: failed to create mount path")
+		}
+	} else if !st.IsDir() {
+		return errors.WithStack(ErrMountPathNotDirectory)
+	}
+
+	u := config.Get().System.User
+	if err := d.fs.Chown(d.mountAt, u.Uid, u.Gid); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "vhd: failed to chown mount point")
+	}
+
+	cmd := d.commander(ctx, "mount", "-t", "auto", "-o", "loop", d.diskPath, d.mountAt)
+	if _, err := cmd.Output(); err != nil {
+		msg := "vhd: failed to mount disk"
+		if v, ok := err.(*exec.ExitError); ok {
+			msg = msg + ": " + strings.Trim(string(v.Stderr), ".\n")
+		}
+		return errors.Wrap(err, msg)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (d *Disk) unmount(ctx context.Context) error {
+	cmd := d.commander(ctx, "umount", d.mountAt)
+	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+		v, ok := err.(hasExitCode)
+		if ok && v.ExitCode() == 32 {
+			return ErrFilesystemNotMounted
+		}
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "vhd: failed to execute unmount command for disk")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// allocationCmd returns the command to allocate the disk image. This will attempt to
+// use the fallocate command if available, otherwise it will fall back to dd if the
+// fallocate command has previously failed.
+//
+// We use 1024 as the multiplier for all of the disk space logic within the application.
+// Passing "K" (/1024) is the same as "KiB" for fallocate, but is different than "KB" (/1000).
+func (d *Disk) allocationCmd(ctx context.Context) Commander {
+	s := atomic.LoadInt64(&d.size) / 1024
+	if useDdAllocation {
+		return d.commander(ctx, "dd", "if=/dev/zero", fmt.Sprintf("of=%s", d.diskPath), fmt.Sprintf("bs=%dk", s), "count=1")
+	}
+	return d.commander(ctx, "fallocate", "-l", fmt.Sprintf("%dK", s), d.diskPath)
+}

internal/vhd/vhd_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,476 @@
+package vhd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+	"github.com/spf13/afero"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	config.Set(&config.Configuration{
+		AuthenticationToken: "token123",
+		System: config.SystemConfiguration{
+			User: struct {
+				Uid int
+				Gid int
+			}{Uid: 10, Gid: 10},
+		},
+	})
+}
+
+type mockCmd struct {
+	run    func() error
+	output func() ([]byte, error)
+	string func() string
+}
+
+func (m *mockCmd) Run() error {
+	if m.run != nil {
+		return m.run()
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *mockCmd) Output() ([]byte, error) {
+	if m.output != nil {
+		return m.output()
+	}
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func (m *mockCmd) String() string {
+	if m.string != nil {
+		return m.string()
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+var _ Commander = (*mockCmd)(nil)
+
+type mockedExitCode struct {
+	code int
+}
+
+func (m *mockedExitCode) ExitCode() int {
+	return m.code
+}
+
+func (m *mockedExitCode) Error() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("mocked exit code: code %d", m.code)
+}
+
+func newMockDisk(c CommanderProvider) *Disk {
+	commander := func(ctx context.Context, name string, args ...string) Commander {
+		return &mockCmd{}
+	}
+	w := commander
+	if c != nil {
+		w = c
+	}
+	return New(100 * 1024 * 1024, "/disk.img", "/mnt", WithFs(afero.NewMemMapFs()), WithCommander(w))
+}
+
+func Test_New(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("creates expected struct", func(t *testing.T) {
+		d := New(100 * 1024 * 1024, "/disk.img", "/mnt")
+		assert.NotNil(t, d)
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(100 * 1024 * 1024), d.size)
+		assert.Equal(t, "/disk.img", d.diskPath)
+		assert.Equal(t, "/mnt", d.mountAt)
+
+		// Ensure by default we get a commander interface returned and that it
+		// returns an *exec.Cmd.
+		o := d.commander(context.TODO(), "foo", "-bar")
+		assert.NotNil(t, o)
+		_, ok := o.(Commander)
+		assert.True(t, ok)
+		_, ok = o.(*exec.Cmd)
+		assert.True(t, ok)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("creates an instance with custom options", func(t *testing.T) {
+		fs := afero.NewMemMapFs()
+
+		cprov := struct {
+			Commander
+		}{}
+		c := func(ctx context.Context, name string, args ...string) Commander {
+			return &cprov
+		}
+
+		d := New(100, "/disk.img", "/mnt", WithFs(fs), WithCommander(c))
+		assert.NotNil(t, d)
+		assert.Same(t, fs, d.fs)
+		assert.Same(t, &cprov, d.commander(context.TODO(), ""))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("panics if either path is empty", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.Panics(t, func() {
+			_ = New(100, "", "/bar")
+		})
+
+		assert.Panics(t, func() {
+			_ = New(100, "/foo", "")
+		})
+	})
+}
+
+func TestDisk_Exists(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("it exists", func(t *testing.T) {
+		d := newMockDisk(nil)
+		f, err := d.fs.Create("/disk.img")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		_ = f.Close()
+
+		exists, err := d.Exists()
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, exists)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("it does not exist", func(t *testing.T) {
+		d := newMockDisk(nil)
+		exists, err := d.Exists()
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.False(t, exists)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("it reports errors", func(t *testing.T) {
+		d := newMockDisk(nil)
+		err := d.fs.Mkdir("/disk.img", 0600)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		exists, err := d.Exists()
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.False(t, exists)
+		assert.EqualError(t, err, ErrInvalidDiskPathTarget.Error())
+	})
+}
+
+func TestDisk_IsMounted(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("executes command and finds mounted disk", func(t *testing.T) {
+		is := assert.New(t)
+		var called bool
+
+		pctx := context.TODO()
+		var cmd CommanderProvider = func(ctx context.Context, name string, args ...string) Commander {
+			called = true
+			is.Same(pctx, ctx)
+			is.Equal("grep", name)
+			is.Len(args, 3)
+			is.Equal([]string{"-qs", "/mnt ext4", "/proc/mounts"}, args)
+
+			return &mockCmd{}
+		}
+
+		disk := newMockDisk(cmd)
+		mnt, err := disk.IsMounted(pctx)
+		is.NoError(err)
+		is.True(mnt)
+		is.True(called)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("handles exit code 1 gracefully", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var called bool
+		var cmd CommanderProvider = func(ctx context.Context, name string, args ...string) Commander {
+			called = true
+			return &mockCmd{
+				run: func() error {
+					return &mockedExitCode{code: 1}
+				},
+			}
+		}
+
+		disk := newMockDisk(cmd)
+		mnt, err := disk.IsMounted(context.TODO())
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.False(t, mnt)
+		assert.True(t, called)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("handles unexpected errors successfully", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var cmd CommanderProvider = func(ctx context.Context, name string, args ...string) Commander {
+			return &mockCmd{
+				run: func() error {
+					return &mockedExitCode{code: 3}
+				},
+			}
+		}
+
+		disk := newMockDisk(cmd)
+		mnt, err := disk.IsMounted(context.TODO())
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.False(t, mnt)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestDisk_Mount(t *testing.T) {
+	failedCmd := func(ctx context.Context, name string, args ...string) Commander {
+		return &mockCmd{run: func() error {
+			return &mockedExitCode{code: 1}
+		}}
+	}
+
+	t.Run("error is returned if mount point is not a directory", func(t *testing.T) {
+		disk := newMockDisk(failedCmd)
+		_, err := disk.fs.Create("/mnt")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		err = disk.Mount(context.TODO())
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.EqualError(t, err, ErrMountPathNotDirectory.Error())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("error is returned if mount point cannot be created", func(t *testing.T) {
+		disk := newMockDisk(failedCmd)
+		disk.fs = afero.NewReadOnlyFs(disk.fs)
+
+		err := disk.Mount(context.TODO())
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.EqualError(t, err, "vhd: failed to create mount path: operation not permitted")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("error is returned if already mounted", func(t *testing.T) {
+		disk := newMockDisk(nil)
+		err := disk.Mount(context.TODO())
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.EqualError(t, err, ErrFilesystemMounted.Error())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("error is returned if mount command fails", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var called bool
+		var cmd CommanderProvider = func(ctx context.Context, name string, args ...string) Commander {
+			return &mockCmd{
+				run: func() error {
+					return &mockedExitCode{code: 1}
+				},
+				output: func() ([]byte, error) {
+					called = true
+
+					assert.Equal(t, "mount", name)
+					assert.Equal(t, []string{"-t", "auto", "-o", "loop", "/disk.img", "/mnt"}, args)
+
+					return nil, &exec.ExitError{
+						ProcessState: &os.ProcessState{},
+						Stderr: []byte("foo bar.\n"),
+					}
+				},
+			}
+		}
+
+		disk := newMockDisk(cmd)
+		err := disk.Mount(context.TODO())
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.EqualError(t, err, "vhd: failed to mount disk: foo bar: exit status 0")
+		assert.True(t, called)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("disk can be mounted at existing path", func(t *testing.T) {
+		disk := newMockDisk(failedCmd)
+		require.NoError(t, disk.fs.Mkdir("/mnt", 0600))
+
+		err := disk.Mount(context.TODO())
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("disk can be mounted at non-existing path", func(t *testing.T) {
+		disk := newMockDisk(failedCmd)
+		err := disk.Mount(context.TODO())
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+		st, err := disk.fs.Stat("/mnt")
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, st.IsDir())
+	})
+}
+
+func TestDisk_Unmount(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("can unmount a disk", func(t *testing.T) {
+		is := assert.New(t)
+		pctx := context.TODO()
+
+		var called bool
+		var cmd CommanderProvider = func(ctx context.Context, name string, args ...string) Commander {
+			called = true
+
+			is.Same(pctx, ctx)
+			is.Equal("umount", name)
+			is.Equal([]string{"/mnt"}, args)
+
+			return &mockCmd{}
+		}
+
+		disk := newMockDisk(cmd)
+		err := disk.Unmount(pctx)
+		is.NoError(err)
+		is.True(called)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("handles exit code 32 correctly", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var cmd CommanderProvider = func(ctx context.Context, name string, args ...string) Commander {
+			return &mockCmd{
+				run: func() error {
+					return &mockedExitCode{code: 32}
+				},
+			}
+		}
+
+		disk := newMockDisk(cmd)
+		err := disk.Unmount(context.TODO())
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("non code 32 errors are returned as error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var cmd CommanderProvider = func(ctx context.Context, name string, args ...string) Commander {
+			return &mockCmd{
+				run: func() error {
+					return &mockedExitCode{code: 1}
+				},
+			}
+		}
+
+		disk := newMockDisk(cmd)
+		err := disk.Unmount(context.TODO())
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("errors without ExitCode function are returned", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var cmd CommanderProvider = func(ctx context.Context, name string, args ...string) Commander {
+			return &mockCmd{
+				run: func() error {
+					return errors.New("foo bar")
+				},
+			}
+		}
+
+		disk := newMockDisk(cmd)
+		err := disk.Unmount(context.TODO())
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestDisk_Allocate(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("disk is unmounted before allocating space", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var called bool
+		var cmd CommanderProvider = func(ctx context.Context, name string, args ...string) Commander {
+			return &mockCmd{
+				output: func() ([]byte, error) {
+					called = true
+					assert.Equal(t, "fallocate", name)
+					assert.Equal(t, []string{"-l", "102400K", "/disk.img"}, args)
+					return nil, nil
+				},
+			}
+		}
+
+		disk := newMockDisk(cmd)
+		err := disk.fs.Mkdir("/mnt", 0600)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		err = disk.Allocate(context.TODO())
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, called)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("disk space is allocated even when not exists", func(t *testing.T) {
+		disk := newMockDisk(nil)
+		err := disk.Allocate(context.TODO())
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("error is returned if command fails", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var cmd CommanderProvider = func(ctx context.Context, name string, args ...string) Commander {
+			return &mockCmd{
+				output: func() ([]byte, error) {
+					return nil, &exec.ExitError{
+						ProcessState: &os.ProcessState{},
+						Stderr: []byte("foo bar.\n"),
+					}
+				},
+			}
+		}
+
+		disk := newMockDisk(cmd)
+		_, err := disk.fs.Create("/disk.img")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		err = disk.Allocate(context.TODO())
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.EqualError(t, err, "vhd: failed to execute fallocate command: foo bar: exit status 0")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestDisk_MakeFilesystem(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("filesystem is created if not found in /etc/fstab", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var called bool
+		var cmd CommanderProvider = func(ctx context.Context, name string, args ...string) Commander {
+			return &mockCmd{
+				run: func() error {
+					// Expect the call from IsMounted here and just return what we need
+					// to indicate that nothing is currently mounted.
+					if name == "grep" {
+						return &mockedExitCode{code: 1}
+					}
+					called = true
+					assert.Equal(t, "mkfs", name)
+					assert.Equal(t, []string{"-t", "ext4", "/disk.img"}, args)
+					return nil
+				},
+				output: func() ([]byte, error) {
+					return nil, errors.New("error: can't find in /etc/fstab foo bar testing")
+				},
+			}
+		}
+
+		disk := newMockDisk(cmd)
+		err := disk.MakeFilesystem(context.TODO())
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, called)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("filesystem is created if error is returned from mount command", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var called bool
+		var cmd CommanderProvider = func(ctx context.Context, name string, args ...string) Commander {
+			return &mockCmd{
+				run: func() error {
+					// Expect the call from IsMounted here and just return what we need
+					// to indicate that nothing is currently mounted.
+					if name == "grep" {
+						return &mockedExitCode{code: 1}
+					}
+					called = true
+					assert.Equal(t, "mkfs", name)
+					assert.Equal(t, []string{"-t", "ext4", "/disk.img"}, args)
+					return nil
+				},
+				output: func() ([]byte, error) {
+					if name == "mount" {
+						return nil, &exec.ExitError{
+							Stderr: []byte("foo bar: exit status 32\n"),
+						}
+					}
+					return nil, nil
+				},
+			}
+		}
+
+		disk := newMockDisk(cmd)
+		err := disk.MakeFilesystem(context.TODO())
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, called)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("error is returned if currently mounted", func(t *testing.T) {
+		disk := newMockDisk(nil)
+		err := disk.MakeFilesystem(context.TODO())
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.EqualError(t, err, ErrFilesystemExists.Error())
+	})
+}

loggers/cli/cli.go

@@ -15,9 +15,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/mattn/go-colorable"
 )
 
-var Default = New(os.Stderr, true)
+var (
-var bold = color2.New(color2.Bold)
+	Default = New(os.Stderr, true)
-var boldred = color2.New(color2.Bold, color2.FgRed)
+	bold    = color2.New(color2.Bold)
+	boldred = color2.New(color2.Bold, color2.FgRed)
+)
 
 var Strings = [...]string{
 	log.DebugLevel: "DEBUG",

parser/helpers.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ package parser
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
-	"io/ioutil"
+	"io"
 	"os"
 	"regexp"
 	"strconv"
@@ -38,13 +38,13 @@ var xmlValueMatchRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^\[([\w]+)='(.*)'\]$`)
 // Gets the []byte representation of a configuration file to be passed through to other
 // handler functions. If the file does not currently exist, it will be created.
 func readFileBytes(path string) ([]byte, error) {
-	file, err := os.OpenFile(path, os.O_CREATE|os.O_RDWR, 0644)
+	file, err := os.OpenFile(path, os.O_CREATE|os.O_RDWR, 0o644)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	defer file.Close()
 
-	return ioutil.ReadAll(file)
+	return io.ReadAll(file)
 }
 
 // Gets the value of a key based on the value type defined.

parser/parser.go

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@ package parser
 
 import (
 	"bufio"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strconv"
@@ -13,10 +11,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/apex/log"
 	"github.com/beevik/etree"
 	"github.com/buger/jsonparser"
+	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
 	"github.com/icza/dyno"
 	"github.com/magiconair/properties"
 	"gopkg.in/ini.v1"
-	"gopkg.in/yaml.v2"
+	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
 
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
 )
@@ -81,8 +80,8 @@ func (cp ConfigurationParser) String() string {
 	return string(cp)
 }
 
-// Defines a configuration file for the server startup. These will be looped over
+// ConfigurationFile defines a configuration file for the server startup. These
-// and modified before the server finishes booting.
+// will be looped over and modified before the server finishes booting.
 type ConfigurationFile struct {
 	FileName string                         `json:"file"`
 	Parser   ConfigurationParser            `json:"parser"`
@@ -93,12 +92,10 @@ type ConfigurationFile struct {
 	configuration []byte
 }
 
-// Custom unmarshaler for configuration files. If there is an error while parsing out the
+// UnmarshalJSON is a custom unmarshaler for configuration files. If there is an
-// replacements, don't fail the entire operation, just log a global warning so someone can
+// error while parsing out the replacements, don't fail the entire operation,
-// find the issue, and return an empty array of replacements.
+// just log a global warning so someone can find the issue, and return an empty
-//
+// array of replacements.
-// I imagine people will notice configuration replacement isn't working correctly and then
-// the logs should help better expose that issue.
 func (f *ConfigurationFile) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
 	var m map[string]*json.RawMessage
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &m); err != nil {
@@ -212,7 +209,7 @@ func (f *ConfigurationFile) Parse(path string, internal bool) error {
 		}
 
 		b := strings.TrimSuffix(path, filepath.Base(path))
-		if err := os.MkdirAll(b, 0755); err != nil {
+		if err := os.MkdirAll(b, 0o755); err != nil {
 			return errors.WithMessage(err, "failed to create base directory for missing configuration file")
 		} else {
 			if _, err := os.Create(path); err != nil {
@@ -229,7 +226,7 @@ func (f *ConfigurationFile) Parse(path string, internal bool) error {
 // Parses an xml file.
 func (f *ConfigurationFile) parseXmlFile(path string) error {
 	doc := etree.NewDocument()
-	file, err := os.OpenFile(path, os.O_CREATE|os.O_RDWR, 0644)
+	file, err := os.OpenFile(path, os.O_CREATE|os.O_RDWR, 0o644)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -322,7 +319,7 @@ func (f *ConfigurationFile) parseIniFile(path string) error {
 	// Ini package can't handle a non-existent file, so handle that automatically here
 	// by creating it if not exists. Then, immediately close the file since we will use
 	// other methods to write the new contents.
-	file, err := os.OpenFile(path, os.O_CREATE|os.O_RDWR, 0644)
+	file, err := os.OpenFile(path, os.O_CREATE|os.O_RDWR, 0o644)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -334,7 +331,29 @@ func (f *ConfigurationFile) parseIniFile(path string) error {
 	}
 
 	for _, replacement := range f.Replace {
-		path := strings.SplitN(replacement.Match, ".", 2)
+		var (
+			path         []string
+			bracketDepth int
+			v            []int32
+		)
+		for _, c := range replacement.Match {
+			switch c {
+			case '[':
+				bracketDepth++
+			case ']':
+				bracketDepth--
+			case '.':
+				if bracketDepth > 0 || len(path) == 1 {
+					v = append(v, c)
+					continue
+				}
+				path = append(path, string(v))
+				v = v[:0]
+			default:
+				v = append(v, c)
+			}
+		}
+		path = append(path, string(v))
 
 		value, err := f.LookupConfigurationValue(replacement)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -387,7 +406,7 @@ func (f *ConfigurationFile) parseJsonFile(path string) error {
 	}
 
 	output := []byte(data.StringIndent("", "    "))
-	return ioutil.WriteFile(path, output, 0644)
+	return os.WriteFile(path, output, 0o644)
 }
 
 // Parses a yaml file and updates any matching key/value pairs before persisting
@@ -424,14 +443,14 @@ func (f *ConfigurationFile) parseYamlFile(path string) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	return ioutil.WriteFile(path, marshaled, 0644)
+	return os.WriteFile(path, marshaled, 0o644)
 }
 
 // Parses a text file using basic find and replace. This is a highly inefficient method of
 // scanning a file and performing a replacement. You should attempt to use anything other
 // than this function where possible.
 func (f *ConfigurationFile) parseTextFile(path string) error {
-	input, err := ioutil.ReadFile(path)
+	input, err := os.ReadFile(path)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -449,7 +468,7 @@ func (f *ConfigurationFile) parseTextFile(path string) error {
 		}
 	}
 
-	if err := ioutil.WriteFile(path, []byte(strings.Join(lines, "\n")), 0644); err != nil {
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(strings.Join(lines, "\n")), 0o644); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
@@ -545,7 +564,7 @@ func (f *ConfigurationFile) parsePropertiesFile(path string) error {
 	}
 
 	// Open the file for writing.
-	w, err := os.OpenFile(path, os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY|os.O_TRUNC, 0644)
+	w, err := os.OpenFile(path, os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY|os.O_TRUNC, 0o644)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

remote/errors.go

@@ -57,8 +57,7 @@ func (re *RequestError) StatusCode() int {
 	return re.response.StatusCode
 }
 
-type SftpInvalidCredentialsError struct {
+type SftpInvalidCredentialsError struct{}
-}
 
 func (ice SftpInvalidCredentialsError) Error() string {
 	return "the credentials provided were invalid"

remote/http.go

@@ -3,19 +3,21 @@ package remote
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"io/ioutil"
 	"net/http"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/models"
+
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"github.com/apex/log"
 	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4"
+	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
 
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
 )
 
@@ -31,6 +33,7 @@ type Client interface {
 	SetInstallationStatus(ctx context.Context, uuid string, successful bool) error
 	SetTransferStatus(ctx context.Context, uuid string, successful bool) error
 	ValidateSftpCredentials(ctx context.Context, request SftpAuthRequest) (SftpAuthResponse, error)
+	SendActivityLogs(ctx context.Context, activity []models.Activity) error
 }
 
 type client struct {
@@ -57,6 +60,18 @@ func New(base string, opts ...ClientOption) Client {
 	return &c
 }
 
+// NewFromConfig returns a new Client using the configuration passed through
+// by the caller.
+func NewFromConfig(cfg *config.Configuration, opts ...ClientOption) Client {
+	passOpts := []ClientOption{
+		WithCredentials(cfg.AuthenticationTokenId, cfg.AuthenticationToken),
+		WithHttpClient(&http.Client{
+			Timeout: time.Second * time.Duration(cfg.RemoteQuery.Timeout),
+		}),
+	}
+	return New(cfg.PanelLocation, append(passOpts, opts...)...)
+}
+
 // WithCredentials sets the credentials to use when making request to the remote
 // API endpoint.
 func WithCredentials(id, token string) ClientOption {
@@ -129,10 +144,19 @@ func (c *client) requestOnce(ctx context.Context, method, path string, body io.R
 // and adds the required authentication headers to the request that is being
 // created. Errors returned will be of the RequestError type if there was some
 // type of response from the API that can be parsed.
-func (c *client) request(ctx context.Context, method, path string, body io.Reader, opts ...func(r *http.Request)) (*Response, error) {
+func (c *client) request(ctx context.Context, method, path string, body *bytes.Buffer, opts ...func(r *http.Request)) (*Response, error) {
 	var res *Response
 	err := backoff.Retry(func() error {
-		r, err := c.requestOnce(ctx, method, path, body, opts...)
+		var b bytes.Buffer
+		if body != nil {
+			// We have to create a copy of the body, otherwise attempting this request again will
+			// send no data if there was initially a body since the "requestOnce" method will read
+			// the whole buffer, thus leaving it empty at the end.
+			if _, err := b.Write(body.Bytes()); err != nil {
+				return backoff.Permanent(errors.Wrap(err, "http: failed to copy body buffer"))
+			}
+		}
+		r, err := c.requestOnce(ctx, method, path, &b, opts...)
 		if err != nil {
 			if errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) || errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
 				return backoff.Permanent(err)
@@ -143,12 +167,10 @@ func (c *client) request(ctx context.Context, method, path string, body io.Reade
 		if r.HasError() {
 			// Close the request body after returning the error to free up resources.
 			defer r.Body.Close()
-			// Don't keep spamming the endpoint if we've already made too many requests or
+			// Don't keep attempting to access this endpoint if the response is a 4XX
-			// if we're not even authenticated correctly. Retrying generally won't fix either
+			// level error which indicates a client mistake. Only retry when the error
-			// of these issues.
+			// is due to a server issue (5XX error).
-			if r.StatusCode == http.StatusForbidden ||
+			if r.StatusCode >= 400 && r.StatusCode < 500 {
-				r.StatusCode == http.StatusTooManyRequests ||
-				r.StatusCode == http.StatusUnauthorized {
 				return backoff.Permanent(r.Error())
 			}
 			return r.Error()
@@ -224,9 +246,9 @@ func (r *Response) Read() ([]byte, error) {
 		return nil, errors.New("remote: attempting to read missing response")
 	}
 	if r.Response.Body != nil {
-		b, _ = ioutil.ReadAll(r.Response.Body)
+		b, _ = io.ReadAll(r.Response.Body)
 	}
-	r.Response.Body = ioutil.NopCloser(bytes.NewBuffer(b))
+	r.Response.Body = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewBuffer(b))
 	return b, nil
 }
 

remote/http_test.go

@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ func TestPost(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	c, _ := createTestClient(func(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		assert.Equal(t, http.MethodPost, r.Method)
-
 	})
 	r, err := c.Post(context.Background(), "/test", test)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)

remote/servers.go

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"sync"
 
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/models"
+
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"github.com/apex/log"
 	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
@@ -178,6 +180,16 @@ func (c *client) SendRestorationStatus(ctx context.Context, backup string, succe
 	return nil
 }
 
+// SendActivityLogs sends activity logs back to the Panel for processing.
+func (c *client) SendActivityLogs(ctx context.Context, activity []models.Activity) error {
+	resp, err := c.Post(ctx, "/activity", d{"data": activity})
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.WithStackIf(err)
+	}
+	_ = resp.Body.Close()
+	return nil
+}
+
 // getServersPaged returns a subset of servers from the Panel API using the
 // pagination query parameters.
 func (c *client) getServersPaged(ctx context.Context, page, limit int) ([]RawServerData, Pagination, error) {

remote/types.go

@@ -1,15 +1,21 @@
 package remote
 
 import (
-	"encoding/json"
+	"bytes"
 	"regexp"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
 
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/parser"
 )
 
+const (
+	SftpAuthPassword  = SftpAuthRequestType("password")
+	SftpAuthPublicKey = SftpAuthRequestType("public_key")
+)
+
 // A generic type allowing for easy binding use when making requests to API
 // endpoints that only expect a singular argument or something that would not
 // benefit from being a typed struct.
@@ -62,14 +68,17 @@ type RawServerData struct {
 	ProcessConfiguration json.RawMessage `json:"process_configuration"`
 }
 
+type SftpAuthRequestType string
+
 // SftpAuthRequest defines the request details that are passed along to the Panel
 // when determining if the credentials provided to Wings are valid.
 type SftpAuthRequest struct {
-	User          string `json:"username"`
+	Type          SftpAuthRequestType `json:"type"`
-	Pass          string `json:"password"`
+	User          string              `json:"username"`
-	IP            string `json:"ip"`
+	Pass          string              `json:"password"`
-	SessionID     []byte `json:"session_id"`
+	IP            string              `json:"ip"`
-	ClientVersion []byte `json:"client_version"`
+	SessionID     []byte              `json:"session_id"`
+	ClientVersion []byte              `json:"client_version"`
 }
 
 // SftpAuthResponse is returned by the Panel when a pair of SFTP credentials
@@ -78,44 +87,45 @@ type SftpAuthRequest struct {
 // user for the SFTP subsystem.
 type SftpAuthResponse struct {
 	Server      string   `json:"server"`
-	Token       string   `json:"token"`
+	User        string   `json:"user"`
 	Permissions []string `json:"permissions"`
 }
 
 type OutputLineMatcher struct {
 	// The raw string to match against. This may or may not be prefixed with
 	// regex: which indicates we want to match against the regex expression.
-	raw string
+	raw []byte
 	reg *regexp.Regexp
 }
 
-// Matches determines if a given string "s" matches the given line.
+// Matches determines if the provided byte string matches the given regex or
-func (olm *OutputLineMatcher) Matches(s string) bool {
+// raw string provided to the matcher.
+func (olm *OutputLineMatcher) Matches(s []byte) bool {
 	if olm.reg == nil {
-		return strings.Contains(s, olm.raw)
+		return bytes.Contains(s, olm.raw)
 	}
-
+	return olm.reg.Match(s)
-	return olm.reg.MatchString(s)
 }
 
 // String returns the matcher's raw comparison string.
 func (olm *OutputLineMatcher) String() string {
-	return olm.raw
+	return string(olm.raw)
 }
 
 // UnmarshalJSON unmarshals the startup lines into individual structs for easier
 // matching abilities.
 func (olm *OutputLineMatcher) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &olm.raw); err != nil {
+	var r string
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &r); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	if strings.HasPrefix(olm.raw, "regex:") && len(olm.raw) > 6 {
+	olm.raw = []byte(r)
-		r, err := regexp.Compile(strings.TrimPrefix(olm.raw, "regex:"))
+	if bytes.HasPrefix(olm.raw, []byte("regex:")) && len(olm.raw) > 6 {
+		r, err := regexp.Compile(strings.TrimPrefix(string(olm.raw), "regex:"))
 		if err != nil {
-			log.WithField("error", err).WithField("raw", olm.raw).Warn("failed to compile output line marked as being regex")
+			log.WithField("error", err).WithField("raw", string(olm.raw)).Warn("failed to compile output line marked as being regex")
 		}
-
 		olm.reg = r
 	}
 
@@ -147,9 +157,15 @@ type BackupRemoteUploadResponse struct {
 	PartSize int64    `json:"part_size"`
 }
 
-type BackupRequest struct {
+type BackupPart struct {
-	Checksum     string `json:"checksum"`
+	ETag       string `json:"etag"`
-	ChecksumType string `json:"checksum_type"`
+	PartNumber int    `json:"part_number"`
-	Size         int64  `json:"size"`
+}
-	Successful   bool   `json:"successful"`
+
+type BackupRequest struct {
+	Checksum     string       `json:"checksum"`
+	ChecksumType string       `json:"checksum_type"`
+	Size         int64        `json:"size"`
+	Successful   bool         `json:"successful"`
+	Parts        []BackupPart `json:"parts"`
 }

router/downloader/downloader.go

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ package downloader
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"mime"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
 
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
@@ -77,10 +78,13 @@ func (c *Counter) Write(p []byte) (int, error) {
 type DownloadRequest struct {
 	Directory string
 	URL       *url.URL
+	FileName  string
+	UseHeader bool
 }
 
 type Download struct {
 	Identifier string
+	path       string
 	mu         sync.RWMutex
 	req        DownloadRequest
 	server     *server.Server
@@ -172,8 +176,28 @@ func (dl *Download) Execute() error {
 		}
 	}
 
-	fnameparts := strings.Split(dl.req.URL.Path, "/")
+	if dl.req.UseHeader {
-	p := filepath.Join(dl.req.Directory, fnameparts[len(fnameparts)-1])
+		if contentDisposition := res.Header.Get("Content-Disposition"); contentDisposition != "" {
+			_, params, err := mime.ParseMediaType(contentDisposition)
+			if err != nil {
+				return errors.WrapIf(err, "downloader: invalid \"Content-Disposition\" header")
+			}
+
+			if v, ok := params["filename"]; ok {
+				dl.path = v
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if dl.path == "" {
+		if dl.req.FileName != "" {
+			dl.path = dl.req.FileName
+		} else {
+			parts := strings.Split(dl.req.URL.Path, "/")
+			dl.path = parts[len(parts)-1]
+		}
+	}
+
+	p := dl.Path()
 	dl.server.Log().WithField("path", p).Debug("writing remote file to disk")
 
 	r := io.TeeReader(res.Body, dl.counter(res.ContentLength))
@@ -205,6 +229,10 @@ func (dl *Download) Progress() float64 {
 	return dl.progress
 }
 
+func (dl *Download) Path() string {
+	return filepath.Join(dl.req.Directory, dl.path)
+}
+
 // Handles a write event by updating the progress completed percentage and firing off
 // events to the server websocket as needed.
 func (dl *Download) counter(contentLength int64) *Counter {

router/middleware/middleware.go

@@ -218,19 +218,29 @@ func CaptureErrors() gin.HandlerFunc {
 // SetAccessControlHeaders sets the access request control headers on all of
 // the requests.
 func SetAccessControlHeaders() gin.HandlerFunc {
-	origins := config.Get().AllowedOrigins
+	cfg := config.Get()
-	location := config.Get().PanelLocation
+	origins := cfg.AllowedOrigins
+	location := cfg.PanelLocation
+	allowPrivateNetwork := cfg.AllowCORSPrivateNetwork
 
 	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		c.Header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", location)
 		c.Header("Access-Control-Allow-Credentials", "true")
 		c.Header("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET, POST, PATCH, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS")
+		c.Header("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Accept, Accept-Encoding, Authorization, Cache-Control, Content-Type, Content-Length, Origin, X-Real-IP, X-CSRF-Token")
+
+		// CORS for Private Networks (RFC1918)
+		// @see https://developer.chrome.com/blog/private-network-access-update/?utm_source=devtools
+		if allowPrivateNetwork {
+			c.Header("Access-Control-Request-Private-Network", "true")
+		}
+
 		// Maximum age allowable under Chromium v76 is 2 hours, so just use that since
 		// anything higher will be ignored (even if other browsers do allow higher values).
 		//
 		// @see https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Access-Control-Max-Age#Directives
 		c.Header("Access-Control-Max-Age", "7200")
-		c.Header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", location)
+
-		c.Header("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Accept, Accept-Encoding, Authorization, Cache-Control, Content-Type, Content-Length, Origin, X-Real-IP, X-CSRF-Token")
 		// Validate that the request origin is coming from an allowed origin. Because you
 		// cannot set multiple values here we need to see if the origin is one of the ones
 		// that we allow, and if so return it explicitly. Otherwise, just return the default

router/router.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/apex/log"
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/remote"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/middleware"
 	wserver "github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@ func Configure(m *wserver.Manager, client remote.Client) *gin.Engine {
 
 	router := gin.New()
 	router.Use(gin.Recovery())
+	router.SetTrustedProxies(config.Get().Api.TrustedProxies)
 	router.Use(middleware.AttachRequestID(), middleware.CaptureErrors(), middleware.SetAccessControlHeaders())
 	router.Use(middleware.AttachServerManager(m), middleware.AttachApiClient(client))
 	// @todo log this into a different file so you can setup IP blocking for abusive requests and such.

router/router_server.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"github.com/apex/log"
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/downloader"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/middleware"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/tokens"
@@ -52,7 +53,8 @@ func postServerPower(c *gin.Context) {
 	s := ExtractServer(c)
 
 	var data struct {
-		Action server.PowerAction `json:"action"`
+		Action      server.PowerAction `json:"action"`
+		WaitSeconds int                `json:"wait_seconds"`
 	}
 
 	if err := c.BindJSON(&data); err != nil {
@@ -83,12 +85,16 @@ func postServerPower(c *gin.Context) {
 	// we can immediately return a response from the server. Some of these actions
 	// can take quite some time, especially stopping or restarting.
 	go func(s *server.Server) {
-		if err := s.HandlePowerAction(data.Action, 30); err != nil {
+		if data.WaitSeconds < 0 || data.WaitSeconds > 300 {
+			data.WaitSeconds = 30
+		}
+		if err := s.HandlePowerAction(data.Action, data.WaitSeconds); err != nil {
 			if errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
-				s.Log().WithField("action", data.Action).
+				s.Log().WithField("action", data.Action).WithField("error", err).Warn("could not process server power action")
-					Warn("could not acquire a lock while attempting to perform a power action")
+			} else if errors.Is(err, server.ErrIsRunning) {
+				// Do nothing, this isn't something we care about for logging,
 			} else {
-				s.Log().WithFields(log.Fields{"action": data, "error": err}).
+				s.Log().WithFields(log.Fields{"action": data.Action, "wait_seconds": data.WaitSeconds, "error": err}).
 					Error("encountered error processing a server power action in the background")
 			}
 		}
@@ -175,20 +181,14 @@ func postServerReinstall(c *gin.Context) {
 	c.Status(http.StatusAccepted)
 }
 
-// Deletes a server from the wings daemon and dissociate it's objects.
+// Deletes a server from the wings daemon and dissociate its objects.
 func deleteServer(c *gin.Context) {
 	s := middleware.ExtractServer(c)
 
 	// Immediately suspend the server to prevent a user from attempting
 	// to start it while this process is running.
 	s.Config().SetSuspended(true)
-
+	s.CleanupForDestroy()
-	// Stop all running background tasks for this server that are using the context on
-	// the server struct. This will cancel any running install processes for the server
-	// as well.
-	s.CtxCancel()
-	s.Events().Destroy()
-	s.Websockets().CancelAll()
 
 	// Remove any pending remote file downloads for the server.
 	for _, dl := range downloader.ByServer(s.ID()) {

router/router_server_files.go

@@ -13,6 +13,10 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/models"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"github.com/apex/log"
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
@@ -35,6 +39,15 @@ func getServerFileContents(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 	defer f.Close()
+	// Don't allow a named pipe to be opened.
+	//
+	// @see https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/issues/4059
+	if st.Mode()&os.ModeNamedPipe != 0 {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
+			"error": "Cannot open files of this type.",
+		})
+		return
+	}
 
 	c.Header("X-Mime-Type", st.Mimetype)
 	c.Header("Content-Length", strconv.Itoa(int(st.Size())))
@@ -120,6 +133,10 @@ func putServerRenameFiles(c *gin.Context) {
 					// Return nil if the error is an is not exists.
 					// NOTE: os.IsNotExist() does not work if the error is wrapped.
 					if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+						s.Log().WithField("error", err).
+							WithField("from_path", pf).
+							WithField("to_path", pt).
+							Warn("failed to rename: source or target does not exist")
 						return nil
 					}
 					return err
@@ -255,9 +272,12 @@ func postServerPullRemoteFile(c *gin.Context) {
 	s := ExtractServer(c)
 	var data struct {
 		// Deprecated
-		Directory string `binding:"required_without=RootPath,omitempty" json:"directory"`
+		Directory  string `binding:"required_without=RootPath,omitempty" json:"directory"`
-		RootPath  string `binding:"required_without=Directory,omitempty" json:"root"`
+		RootPath   string `binding:"required_without=Directory,omitempty" json:"root"`
-		URL       string `binding:"required" json:"url"`
+		URL        string `binding:"required" json:"url"`
+		FileName   string `json:"file_name"`
+		UseHeader  bool   `json:"use_header"`
+		Foreground bool   `json:"foreground"`
 	}
 	if err := c.BindJSON(&data); err != nil {
 		return
@@ -295,21 +315,41 @@ func postServerPullRemoteFile(c *gin.Context) {
 	dl := downloader.New(s, downloader.DownloadRequest{
 		Directory: data.RootPath,
 		URL:       u,
+		FileName:  data.FileName,
+		UseHeader: data.UseHeader,
 	})
 
-	// Execute this pull in a separate thread since it may take a long time to complete.
+	download := func() error {
-	go func() {
 		s.Log().WithField("download_id", dl.Identifier).WithField("url", u.String()).Info("starting pull of remote file to disk")
 		if err := dl.Execute(); err != nil {
 			s.Log().WithField("download_id", dl.Identifier).WithField("error", err).Error("failed to pull remote file")
+			return err
 		} else {
 			s.Log().WithField("download_id", dl.Identifier).Info("completed pull of remote file")
 		}
-	}()
+		return nil
+	}
+	if !data.Foreground {
+		go func() {
+			_ = download()
+		}()
+		c.JSON(http.StatusAccepted, gin.H{
+			"identifier": dl.Identifier,
+		})
+		return
+	}
 
-	c.JSON(http.StatusAccepted, gin.H{
+	if err := download(); err != nil {
-		"identifier": dl.Identifier,
+		NewServerError(err, s).Abort(c)
-	})
+		return
+	}
+
+	st, err := s.Filesystem().Stat(dl.Path())
+	if err != nil {
+		NewServerError(err, s).AbortFilesystemError(c)
+		return
+	}
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, &st)
 }
 
 // Stops a remote file download if it exists and belongs to this server.
@@ -537,8 +577,16 @@ func postServerUploadFiles(c *gin.Context) {
 
 	directory := c.Query("directory")
 
+	maxFileSize := config.Get().Api.UploadLimit
+	maxFileSizeBytes := maxFileSize * 1024 * 1024
 	var totalSize int64
 	for _, header := range headers {
+		if header.Size > maxFileSizeBytes {
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
+				"error": "File " + header.Filename + " is larger than the maximum file upload size of " + strconv.FormatInt(maxFileSize, 10) + " MB.",
+			})
+			return
+		}
 		totalSize += header.Size
 	}
 
@@ -554,6 +602,11 @@ func postServerUploadFiles(c *gin.Context) {
 		if err := handleFileUpload(p, s, header); err != nil {
 			NewServerError(err, s).Abort(c)
 			return
+		} else {
+			s.SaveActivity(s.NewRequestActivity(token.UserUuid, c.ClientIP()), server.ActivityFileUploaded, models.ActivityMeta{
+				"file":      header.Filename,
+				"directory": filepath.Clean(directory),
+			})
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -571,6 +624,5 @@ func handleFileUpload(p string, s *server.Server, header *multipart.FileHeader)
 	if err := s.Filesystem().Writefile(p, file); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-
 	return nil
 }

router/router_server_ws.go

@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ package router
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
 	ws "github.com/gorilla/websocket"
 
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/middleware"
@@ -24,12 +24,6 @@ var expectedCloseCodes = []int{
 func getServerWebsocket(c *gin.Context) {
 	manager := middleware.ExtractManager(c)
 	s, _ := manager.Get(c.Param("server"))
-	handler, err := websocket.GetHandler(s, c.Writer, c.Request)
-	if err != nil {
-		NewServerError(err, s).Abort(c)
-		return
-	}
-	defer handler.Connection.Close()
 
 	// Create a context that can be canceled when the user disconnects from this
 	// socket that will also cancel listeners running in separate threads. If the
@@ -38,10 +32,22 @@ func getServerWebsocket(c *gin.Context) {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(c.Request.Context())
 	defer cancel()
 
+	handler, err := websocket.GetHandler(s, c.Writer, c.Request, c)
+	if err != nil {
+		NewServerError(err, s).Abort(c)
+		return
+	}
+	defer handler.Connection.Close()
+
 	// Track this open connection on the server so that we can close them all programmatically
 	// if the server is deleted.
 	s.Websockets().Push(handler.Uuid(), &cancel)
-	defer s.Websockets().Remove(handler.Uuid())
+	handler.Logger().Debug("opening connection to server websocket")
+
+	defer func() {
+		s.Websockets().Remove(handler.Uuid())
+		handler.Logger().Debug("closing connection to server websocket")
+	}()
 
 	// If the server is deleted we need to send a close message to the connected client
 	// so that they disconnect since there will be no more events sent along. Listen for
@@ -57,16 +63,13 @@ func getServerWebsocket(c *gin.Context) {
 		}
 	}()
 
-	go handler.ListenForServerEvents(ctx)
-	go handler.ListenForExpiration(ctx)
-
 	for {
 		j := websocket.Message{}
 
 		_, p, err := handler.Connection.ReadMessage()
 		if err != nil {
 			if ws.IsUnexpectedCloseError(err, expectedCloseCodes...) {
-				s.Log().WithField("error", err).Warn("error handling websocket message for server")
+				handler.Logger().WithField("error", err).Warn("error handling websocket message for server")
 			}
 			break
 		}
@@ -79,7 +82,7 @@ func getServerWebsocket(c *gin.Context) {
 		}
 
 		go func(msg websocket.Message) {
-			if err := handler.HandleInbound(msg); err != nil {
+			if err := handler.HandleInbound(ctx, msg); err != nil {
 				handler.SendErrorJson(msg, err)
 			}
 		}(j)

router/router_system.go

@@ -103,15 +103,17 @@ func postUpdateConfiguration(c *gin.Context) {
 	if err := c.BindJSON(&cfg); err != nil {
 		return
 	}
+
 	// Keep the SSL certificates the same since the Panel will send through Lets Encrypt
 	// default locations. However, if we picked a different location manually we don't
 	// want to override that.
 	//
 	// If you pass through manual locations in the API call this logic will be skipped.
 	if strings.HasPrefix(cfg.Api.Ssl.KeyFile, "/etc/letsencrypt/live/") {
-		cfg.Api.Ssl.KeyFile = strings.ToLower(config.Get().Api.Ssl.KeyFile)
+		cfg.Api.Ssl.KeyFile = config.Get().Api.Ssl.KeyFile
-		cfg.Api.Ssl.CertificateFile = strings.ToLower(config.Get().Api.Ssl.CertificateFile)
+		cfg.Api.Ssl.CertificateFile = config.Get().Api.Ssl.CertificateFile
 	}
+
 	// Try to write this new configuration to the disk before updating our global
 	// state with it.
 	if err := config.WriteToDisk(cfg); err != nil {

router/router_transfer.go

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
-	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
@@ -30,19 +29,9 @@ import (
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/tokens"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server/filesystem"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
 )
 
-// Number of ticks in the progress bar
+const progressWidth = 25
-const ticks = 25
-
-// 100% / number of ticks = percentage represented by each tick
-const tickPercentage = 100 / ticks
-
-type downloadProgress struct {
-	size     int64
-	progress int64
-}
 
 // Data passed over to initiate a server transfer.
 type serverTransferRequest struct {
@@ -95,7 +84,7 @@ func getServerArchive(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	// Compute sha1 checksum.
+	// Compute sha256 checksum.
 	h := sha256.New()
 	f, err := os.Open(archivePath)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -178,17 +167,41 @@ func postServerArchive(c *gin.Context) {
 
 		// Ensure the server is offline. Sometimes a "No such container" error gets through
 		// which means the server is already stopped. We can ignore that.
-		if err := s.Environment.WaitForStop(60, false); err != nil && !strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(err.Error()), "no such container") {
+		if err := s.Environment.WaitForStop(s.Context(), time.Minute, false); err != nil && !strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(err.Error()), "no such container") {
 			sendTransferLog("Failed to stop server, aborting transfer..")
 			l.WithField("error", err).Error("failed to stop server")
 			return
 		}
 
+		// Get the disk usage of the server (used to calculate the progress of the archive process)
+		rawSize, err := s.Filesystem().DiskUsage(true)
+		if err != nil {
+			sendTransferLog("Failed to get disk usage for server, aborting transfer..")
+			l.WithField("error", err).Error("failed to get disk usage for server")
+			return
+		}
+
 		// Create an archive of the entire server's data directory.
 		a := &filesystem.Archive{
 			BasePath: s.Filesystem().Path(),
+			Progress: filesystem.NewProgress(rawSize),
 		}
 
+		// Send the archive progress to the websocket every 3 seconds.
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(s.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		go func(ctx context.Context, p *filesystem.Progress, t *time.Ticker) {
+			defer t.Stop()
+			for {
+				select {
+				case <-ctx.Done():
+					return
+				case <-t.C:
+					sendTransferLog("Archiving " + p.Progress(progressWidth))
+				}
+			}
+		}(ctx, a.Progress, time.NewTicker(5*time.Second))
+
 		// Attempt to get an archive of the server.
 		if err := a.Create(getArchivePath(s.ID())); err != nil {
 			sendTransferLog("An error occurred while archiving the server: " + err.Error())
@@ -196,6 +209,12 @@ func postServerArchive(c *gin.Context) {
 			return
 		}
 
+		// Cancel the progress ticker.
+		cancel()
+
+		// Show 100% completion.
+		sendTransferLog("Archiving " + a.Progress.Progress(progressWidth))
+
 		sendTransferLog("Successfully created archive, attempting to notify panel..")
 		l.Info("successfully created server transfer archive, notifying panel..")
 
@@ -223,12 +242,6 @@ func postServerArchive(c *gin.Context) {
 	c.Status(http.StatusAccepted)
 }
 
-func (w *downloadProgress) Write(v []byte) (int, error) {
-	n := len(v)
-	atomic.AddInt64(&w.progress, int64(n))
-	return n, nil
-}
-
 // Log helper function to attach all errors and info output to a consistently formatted
 // log string for easier querying.
 func (str serverTransferRequest) log() *log.Entry {
@@ -321,7 +334,7 @@ func postTransfer(c *gin.Context) {
 	manager := middleware.ExtractManager(c)
 	u, err := uuid.Parse(data.ServerID)
 	if err != nil {
-		WithError(c, err)
+		_ = WithError(c, err)
 		return
 	}
 	// Force the server ID to be a valid UUID string at this point. If it is not an error
@@ -331,11 +344,12 @@ func postTransfer(c *gin.Context) {
 
 	data.log().Info("handling incoming server transfer request")
 	go func(data *serverTransferRequest) {
+		ctx := context.Background()
 		hasError := true
 
 		// Create a new server installer. This will only configure the environment and not
 		// run the installer scripts.
-		i, err := installer.New(context.Background(), manager, data.Server)
+		i, err := installer.New(ctx, manager, data.Server)
 		if err != nil {
 			_ = data.sendTransferStatus(manager.Client(), false)
 			data.log().WithField("error", err).Error("failed to validate received server data")
@@ -407,25 +421,22 @@ func postTransfer(c *gin.Context) {
 		sendTransferLog("Writing archive to disk...")
 		data.log().Info("writing transfer archive to disk...")
 
-		// Copy the file.
+		progress := filesystem.NewProgress(size)
-		progress := &downloadProgress{size: size}
+
-		ticker := time.NewTicker(3 * time.Second)
+		// Send the archive progress to the websocket every 3 seconds.
-		go func(progress *downloadProgress, t *time.Ticker) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-			for range ticker.C {
+		defer cancel()
-				// p = 100 (Downloaded)
+		go func(ctx context.Context, p *filesystem.Progress, t *time.Ticker) {
-				// size = 1000 (Content-Length)
+			defer t.Stop()
-				// p / size = 0.1
+			for {
-				// * 100 = 10% (Multiply by 100 to get a percentage of the download)
+				select {
-				// 10% / tickPercentage = (10% / (100 / 25)) (Divide by tick percentage to get the number of ticks)
+				case <-ctx.Done():
-				// 2.5 (Number of ticks as a float64)
+					return
-				// 2 (convert to an integer)
+				case <-t.C:
-				p := atomic.LoadInt64(&progress.progress)
+					sendTransferLog("Downloading " + p.Progress(progressWidth))
-				// We have to cast these numbers to float in order to get a float result from the division.
+				}
-				width := ((float64(p) / float64(size)) * 100) / tickPercentage
-				bar := strings.Repeat("=", int(width)) + strings.Repeat(" ", ticks-int(width))
-				sendTransferLog("Downloading [" + bar + "] " + system.FormatBytes(p) + " / " + system.FormatBytes(progress.size))
 			}
-		}(progress, ticker)
+		}(ctx, progress, time.NewTicker(5*time.Second))
 
 		var reader io.Reader
 		downloadLimit := float64(config.Get().System.Transfers.DownloadLimit) * 1024 * 1024
@@ -438,18 +449,16 @@ func postTransfer(c *gin.Context) {
 
 		buf := make([]byte, 1024*4)
 		if _, err := io.CopyBuffer(file, io.TeeReader(reader, progress), buf); err != nil {
-			ticker.Stop()
 			_ = file.Close()
 
 			sendTransferLog("Failed while writing archive file to disk: " + err.Error())
 			data.log().WithField("error", err).Error("failed to copy archive file to disk")
 			return
 		}
-		ticker.Stop()
+		cancel()
 
 		// Show 100% completion.
-		humanSize := system.FormatBytes(progress.size)
+		sendTransferLog("Downloading " + progress.Progress(progressWidth))
-		sendTransferLog("Downloading [" + strings.Repeat("=", ticks) + "] " + humanSize + " / " + humanSize)
 
 		if err := file.Close(); err != nil {
 			data.log().WithField("error", err).Error("unable to close archive file on local filesystem")

router/tokens/upload.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ type UploadPayload struct {
 	jwt.Payload
 
 	ServerUuid string `json:"server_uuid"`
+	UserUuid   string `json:"user_uuid"`
 	UniqueId   string `json:"unique_id"`
 }
 

router/tokens/websocket.go

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package tokens
 
 import (
-	"encoding/json"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
@@ -35,15 +34,15 @@ func DenyJTI(jti string) {
 	denylist.Store(jti, time.Now())
 }
 
-// A JWT payload for Websocket connections. This JWT is passed along to the Websocket after
+// WebsocketPayload defines the JWT payload for a websocket connection. This JWT is passed along to
-// it has been connected to by sending an "auth" event.
+// the websocket after it has been connected to by sending an "auth" event.
 type WebsocketPayload struct {
 	jwt.Payload
 	sync.RWMutex
 
-	UserID      json.Number `json:"user_id"`
+	UserUUID    string   `json:"user_uuid"`
-	ServerUUID  string      `json:"server_uuid"`
+	ServerUUID  string   `json:"server_uuid"`
-	Permissions []string    `json:"permissions"`
+	Permissions []string `json:"permissions"`
 }
 
 // Returns the JWT payload.

router/websocket/listeners.go

@@ -2,17 +2,48 @@ package websocket
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"sync"
 	"time"
 
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
+
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/events"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
+
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
 )
 
+// RegisterListenerEvents will setup the server event listeners and expiration
+// timers. This is only triggered on first authentication with the websocket,
+// reconnections will not call it.
+//
+// This needs to be called once the socket is properly authenticated otherwise
+// you'll get a flood of error spam in the output that doesn't make sense because
+// Docker events being output to the socket will fail when it hasn't been
+// properly initialized yet.
+//
+// @see https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/issues/3295
+func (h *Handler) registerListenerEvents(ctx context.Context) {
+	h.Logger().Debug("registering event listeners for connection")
+
+	go func() {
+		if err := h.listenForServerEvents(ctx); err != nil {
+			h.Logger().Warn("error while processing server event; closing websocket connection")
+			if err := h.Connection.Close(); err != nil {
+				h.Logger().WithField("error", errors.WithStack(err)).Error("error closing websocket connection")
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	go h.listenForExpiration(ctx)
+}
+
 // ListenForExpiration checks the time to expiration on the JWT every 30 seconds
 // until the token has expired. If we are within 3 minutes of the token expiring,
 // send a notice over the socket that it is expiring soon. If it has expired,
 // send that notice as well.
-func (h *Handler) ListenForExpiration(ctx context.Context) {
+func (h *Handler) listenForExpiration(ctx context.Context) {
 	// Make a ticker and completion channel that is used to continuously poll the
 	// JWT stored in the session to send events to the socket when it is expiring.
 	ticker := time.NewTicker(time.Second * 30)
@@ -26,9 +57,9 @@ func (h *Handler) ListenForExpiration(ctx context.Context) {
 			jwt := h.GetJwt()
 			if jwt != nil {
 				if jwt.ExpirationTime.Unix()-time.Now().Unix() <= 0 {
-					_ = h.SendJson(&Message{Event: TokenExpiredEvent})
+					_ = h.SendJson(Message{Event: TokenExpiredEvent})
 				} else if jwt.ExpirationTime.Unix()-time.Now().Unix() <= 60 {
-					_ = h.SendJson(&Message{Event: TokenExpiringEvent})
+					_ = h.SendJson(Message{Event: TokenExpiringEvent})
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -52,24 +83,88 @@ var e = []string{
 // ListenForServerEvents will listen for different events happening on a server
 // and send them along to the connected websocket client. This function will
 // block until the context provided to it is canceled.
-func (h *Handler) ListenForServerEvents(ctx context.Context) {
+func (h *Handler) listenForServerEvents(ctx context.Context) error {
-	h.server.Log().Debug("listening for server events over websocket")
+	var o sync.Once
-	callback := func(e events.Event) {
+	var err error
-		if err := h.SendJson(&Message{Event: e.Topic, Args: []string{e.Data}}); err != nil {
+
-			h.server.Log().WithField("error", err).Warn("error while sending server data over websocket")
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	eventChan := make(chan []byte)
+	logOutput := make(chan []byte, 8)
+	installOutput := make(chan []byte, 4)
+
+	h.server.Events().On(eventChan) // TODO: make a sinky
+	h.server.Sink(system.LogSink).On(logOutput)
+	h.server.Sink(system.InstallSink).On(installOutput)
+
+	onError := func(evt string, err2 error) {
+		h.Logger().WithField("event", evt).WithField("error", err2).Error("failed to send event over server websocket")
+		// Avoid race conditions by only setting the error once and then canceling
+		// the context. This way if additional processing errors come through due
+		// to a massive flood of things you still only report and stop at the first.
+		o.Do(func() {
+			err = err2
+		})
+		cancel()
+	}
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			break
+		case b := <-logOutput:
+			sendErr := h.SendJson(Message{Event: server.ConsoleOutputEvent, Args: []string{string(b)}})
+			if sendErr == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			onError(server.ConsoleOutputEvent, sendErr)
+		case b := <-installOutput:
+			sendErr := h.SendJson(Message{Event: server.InstallOutputEvent, Args: []string{string(b)}})
+			if sendErr == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			onError(server.InstallOutputEvent, sendErr)
+		case b := <-eventChan:
+			var e events.Event
+			if err := events.DecodeTo(b, &e); err != nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			var sendErr error
+			message := Message{Event: e.Topic}
+			if str, ok := e.Data.(string); ok {
+				message.Args = []string{str}
+			} else if b, ok := e.Data.([]byte); ok {
+				message.Args = []string{string(b)}
+			} else {
+				b, sendErr = json.Marshal(e.Data)
+				if sendErr == nil {
+					message.Args = []string{string(b)}
+				}
+			}
+
+			if sendErr == nil {
+				sendErr = h.SendJson(message)
+				if sendErr == nil {
+					continue
+				}
+			}
+			onError(message.Event, sendErr)
 		}
+		break
 	}
 
-	// Subscribe to all of the events with the same callback that will push the data out over the
+	// These functions will automatically close the channel if it hasn't been already.
-	// websocket for the server.
+	h.server.Events().Off(eventChan)
-	for _, evt := range e {
+	h.server.Sink(system.LogSink).Off(logOutput)
-		h.server.Events().On(evt, &callback)
+	h.server.Sink(system.InstallSink).Off(installOutput)
+
+	// If the internal context is stopped it is either because the parent context
+	// got canceled or because we ran into an error. If the "err" variable is nil
+	// we can assume the parent was canceled and need not perform any actions.
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.WithStack(err)
 	}
 
-	<-ctx.Done()
+	return nil
-	// Block until the context is stopped and then de-register all of the event listeners
-	// that we registered earlier.
-	for _, evt := range e {
-		h.server.Events().Off(evt, &callback)
-	}
 }

router/websocket/websocket.go

@@ -2,19 +2,24 @@ package websocket
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/models"
+
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"github.com/apex/log"
 	"github.com/gbrlsnchs/jwt/v3"
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
 	"github.com/gorilla/websocket"
 
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
+
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/environment"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/environment/docker"
@@ -39,6 +44,7 @@ type Handler struct {
 	Connection   *websocket.Conn `json:"-"`
 	jwt          *tokens.WebsocketPayload
 	server       *server.Server
+	ra           server.RequestActivity
 	uuid         uuid.UUID
 }
 
@@ -75,8 +81,8 @@ func NewTokenPayload(token []byte) (*tokens.WebsocketPayload, error) {
 	return &payload, nil
 }
 
-// Returns a new websocket handler using the context provided.
+// GetHandler returns a new websocket handler using the context provided.
-func GetHandler(s *server.Server, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) (*Handler, error) {
+func GetHandler(s *server.Server, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, c *gin.Context) (*Handler, error) {
 	upgrader := websocket.Upgrader{
 		// Ensure that the websocket request is originating from the Panel itself,
 		// and not some other location.
@@ -108,6 +114,7 @@ func GetHandler(s *server.Server, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) (*Hand
 		Connection: conn,
 		jwt:        nil,
 		server:     s,
+		ra:         s.NewRequestActivity("", c.ClientIP()),
 		uuid:       u,
 	}, nil
 }
@@ -116,18 +123,23 @@ func (h *Handler) Uuid() uuid.UUID {
 	return h.uuid
 }
 
-func (h *Handler) SendJson(v *Message) error {
+func (h *Handler) Logger() *log.Entry {
+	return log.WithField("subsystem", "websocket").
+		WithField("connection", h.Uuid().String()).
+		WithField("server", h.server.ID())
+}
+
+func (h *Handler) SendJson(v Message) error {
 	// Do not send JSON down the line if the JWT on the connection is not valid!
 	if err := h.TokenValid(); err != nil {
-		h.unsafeSendJson(Message{
+		_ = h.unsafeSendJson(Message{
 			Event: JwtErrorEvent,
 			Args:  []string{err.Error()},
 		})
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	j := h.GetJwt()
+	if j := h.GetJwt(); j != nil {
-	if j != nil {
 		// If we're sending installation output but the user does not have the required
 		// permissions to see the output, don't send it down the line.
 		if v.Event == server.InstallOutputEvent {
@@ -258,12 +270,13 @@ func (h *Handler) GetJwt() *tokens.WebsocketPayload {
 // setJwt sets the JWT for the websocket in a race-safe manner.
 func (h *Handler) setJwt(token *tokens.WebsocketPayload) {
 	h.Lock()
+	h.ra = h.ra.SetUser(token.UserUUID)
 	h.jwt = token
 	h.Unlock()
 }
 
 // HandleInbound handles an inbound socket request and route it to the proper action.
-func (h *Handler) HandleInbound(m Message) error {
+func (h *Handler) HandleInbound(ctx context.Context, m Message) error {
 	if m.Event != AuthenticationEvent {
 		if err := h.TokenValid(); err != nil {
 			h.unsafeSendJson(Message{
@@ -279,13 +292,6 @@ func (h *Handler) HandleInbound(m Message) error {
 		{
 			token, err := NewTokenPayload([]byte(strings.Join(m.Args, "")))
 			if err != nil {
-				// If the error says the JWT expired, send a token expired
-				// event and hopefully the client renews the token.
-				if err == jwt.ErrExpValidation {
-					h.SendJson(&Message{Event: TokenExpiredEvent})
-					return nil
-				}
-
 				return err
 			}
 
@@ -298,10 +304,7 @@ func (h *Handler) HandleInbound(m Message) error {
 			h.setJwt(token)
 
 			// Tell the client they authenticated successfully.
-			h.unsafeSendJson(Message{
+			_ = h.unsafeSendJson(Message{Event: AuthenticationSuccessEvent})
-				Event: AuthenticationSuccessEvent,
-				Args:  []string{},
-			})
 
 			// Check if the client was refreshing their authentication token
 			// instead of authenticating for the first time.
@@ -311,10 +314,15 @@ func (h *Handler) HandleInbound(m Message) error {
 				return nil
 			}
 
+			// Now that we've authenticated with the token and confirmed that we're not
+			// reconnecting to the socket, register the event listeners for the server and
+			// the token expiration.
+			h.registerListenerEvents(ctx)
+
 			// On every authentication event, send the current server status back
 			// to the client. :)
 			state := h.server.Environment.State()
-			h.SendJson(&Message{
+			_ = h.SendJson(Message{
 				Event: server.StatusEvent,
 				Args:  []string{state},
 			})
@@ -326,7 +334,7 @@ func (h *Handler) HandleInbound(m Message) error {
 					_ = h.server.Filesystem().HasSpaceAvailable(false)
 
 					b, _ := json.Marshal(h.server.Proc())
-					h.SendJson(&Message{
+					_ = h.SendJson(Message{
 						Event: server.StatsEvent,
 						Args:  []string{string(b)},
 					})
@@ -353,10 +361,10 @@ func (h *Handler) HandleInbound(m Message) error {
 			}
 
 			err := h.server.HandlePowerAction(action)
-			if errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+			if errors.Is(err, system.ErrLockerLocked) {
 				m, _ := h.GetErrorMessage("another power action is currently being processed for this server, please try again later")
 
-				h.SendJson(&Message{
+				_ = h.SendJson(Message{
 					Event: ErrorEvent,
 					Args:  []string{m},
 				})
@@ -364,11 +372,15 @@ func (h *Handler) HandleInbound(m Message) error {
 				return nil
 			}
 
+			if err == nil {
+				h.server.SaveActivity(h.ra, models.Event(server.ActivityPowerPrefix+action), nil)
+			}
+
 			return err
 		}
 	case SendServerLogsEvent:
 		{
-			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second * 5)
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second*5)
 			defer cancel()
 			if running, _ := h.server.Environment.IsRunning(ctx); !running {
 				return nil
@@ -380,7 +392,7 @@ func (h *Handler) HandleInbound(m Message) error {
 			}
 
 			for _, line := range logs {
-				h.SendJson(&Message{
+				_ = h.SendJson(Message{
 					Event: server.ConsoleOutputEvent,
 					Args:  []string{line},
 				})
@@ -391,7 +403,7 @@ func (h *Handler) HandleInbound(m Message) error {
 	case SendStatsEvent:
 		{
 			b, _ := json.Marshal(h.server.Proc())
-			h.SendJson(&Message{
+			_ = h.SendJson(Message{
 				Event: server.StatsEvent,
 				Args:  []string{string(b)},
 			})
@@ -420,7 +432,13 @@ func (h *Handler) HandleInbound(m Message) error {
 				}
 			}
 
-			return h.server.Environment.SendCommand(strings.Join(m.Args, ""))
+			if err := h.server.Environment.SendCommand(strings.Join(m.Args, "")); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			h.server.SaveActivity(h.ra, server.ActivityConsoleCommand, models.ActivityMeta{
+				"command": strings.Join(m.Args, ""),
+			})
+			return nil
 		}
 	}
 

rpm/ptero-wings.spec

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Name:       ptero-wings
-Version:    1.5.0
+Version:    1.7.0
 Release:    1%{?dist}
 Summary:    The server control plane for Pterodactyl Panel. Written from the ground-up with security, speed, and stability in mind.
 BuildArch:  x86_64
@@ -91,6 +91,16 @@ rm -rf /var/log/pterodactyl
 wings --version
 
 %changelog
+* Wed Sep 14 2022 Chance Callahan <ccallaha@redhat.com> - 1.7.0-1
+- Updating specfile to match stable release.
+
+* Wed Oct 27 2021 Capitol Hosting Solutions Systems Engineering <syseng@chs.gg> - 1.5.3-1
+- specfile by Capitol Hosting Solutions, Upstream by Pterodactyl
+- Rebased for https://github.com/pterodactyl/wings/releases/tag/v1.5.3
+- Fixes improper event registration and error handling during socket authentication that would cause the incorrect error message to be returned to the client, or no error in some scenarios. Event registration is now delayed until the socket is fully authenticated to ensure needless listeners are not registed.
+- Fixes dollar signs always being evaluated as environment variables with no way to escape them. They can now be escaped as $$ which will transform into a single dollar sign.
+- A websocket connection to a server will be closed by Wings if there is a send error encountered and the client will be left to handle reconnections, rather than simply logging the error and continuing to listen for new events.
+
 * Sun Sep 12 2021 Capitol Hosting Solutions Systems Engineering <syseng@chs.gg> - 1.5.0-1
 - specfile by Capitol Hosting Solutions, Upstream by Pterodactyl
 - Rebased for https://github.com/pterodactyl/wings/releases/tag/v1.5.0

server/activity.go

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"time"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/database"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/models"
+)
+
+const ActivityPowerPrefix = "server:power."
+
+const (
+	ActivityConsoleCommand      = models.Event("server:console.command")
+	ActivitySftpWrite           = models.Event("server:sftp.write")
+	ActivitySftpCreate          = models.Event("server:sftp.create")
+	ActivitySftpCreateDirectory = models.Event("server:sftp.create-directory")
+	ActivitySftpRename          = models.Event("server:sftp.rename")
+	ActivitySftpDelete          = models.Event("server:sftp.delete")
+	ActivityFileUploaded        = models.Event("server:file.uploaded")
+)
+
+// RequestActivity is a wrapper around a LoggedEvent that is able to track additional request
+// specific metadata including the specific user and IP address associated with all subsequent
+// events. The internal logged event structure can be extracted by calling RequestEvent.Event().
+type RequestActivity struct {
+	server string
+	user   string
+	ip     string
+}
+
+// Event returns the underlying logged event from the RequestEvent instance and sets the
+// specific event and metadata on it.
+func (ra RequestActivity) Event(event models.Event, metadata models.ActivityMeta) *models.Activity {
+	a := models.Activity{Server: ra.server, IP: ra.ip, Event: event, Metadata: metadata}
+
+	return a.SetUser(ra.user)
+}
+
+// SetUser clones the RequestActivity struct and sets a new user value on the copy
+// before returning it.
+func (ra RequestActivity) SetUser(u string) RequestActivity {
+	c := ra
+	c.user = u
+	return c
+}
+
+func (s *Server) NewRequestActivity(user string, ip string) RequestActivity {
+	return RequestActivity{server: s.ID(), user: user, ip: ip}
+}
+
+// SaveActivity saves an activity entry to the database in a background routine. If an error is
+// encountered it is logged but not returned to the caller.
+func (s *Server) SaveActivity(a RequestActivity, event models.Event, metadata models.ActivityMeta) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(s.Context(), time.Second*3)
+	go func() {
+		defer cancel()
+		if tx := database.Instance().WithContext(ctx).Create(a.Event(event, metadata)); tx.Error != nil {
+			s.Log().WithField("error", errors.WithStack(tx.Error)).
+				WithField("event", event).
+				Error("activity: failed to save event")
+		}
+	}()
+}

server/backup.go

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package server
 import (
 	"io"
 	"io/fs"
-	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"time"
 
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ func (s *Server) getServerwideIgnoredFiles() (string, error) {
 		// Don't read a symlinked ignore file, or a file larger than 32KiB in size.
 		return "", nil
 	}
-	b, err := ioutil.ReadAll(f)
+	b, err := io.ReadAll(f)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
@@ -80,7 +79,7 @@ func (s *Server) Backup(b backup.BackupInterface) error {
 			s.Log().WithField("backup", b.Identifier()).Info("notified panel of failed backup state")
 		}
 
-		_ = s.Events().PublishJson(BackupCompletedEvent+":"+b.Identifier(), map[string]interface{}{
+		s.Events().Publish(BackupCompletedEvent+":"+b.Identifier(), map[string]interface{}{
 			"uuid":          b.Identifier(),
 			"is_successful": false,
 			"checksum":      "",
@@ -104,7 +103,7 @@ func (s *Server) Backup(b backup.BackupInterface) error {
 
 	// Emit an event over the socket so we can update the backup in realtime on
 	// the frontend for the server.
-	_ = s.Events().PublishJson(BackupCompletedEvent+":"+b.Identifier(), map[string]interface{}{
+	s.Events().Publish(BackupCompletedEvent+":"+b.Identifier(), map[string]interface{}{
 		"uuid":          b.Identifier(),
 		"is_successful": true,
 		"checksum":      ad.Checksum,
@@ -143,7 +142,7 @@ func (s *Server) RestoreBackup(b backup.BackupInterface, reader io.ReadCloser) (
 	// instance, otherwise you'll likely hit all types of write errors due to the
 	// server being suspended.
 	if s.Environment.State() != environment.ProcessOfflineState {
-		if err = s.Environment.WaitForStop(120, false); err != nil {
+		if err = s.Environment.WaitForStop(s.Context(), time.Minute*2, false); err != nil {
 			if !client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
 				return errors.WrapIf(err, "server/backup: restore: failed to wait for container stop")
 			}

server/backup/backup.go

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ type RestoreCallback func(file string, r io.Reader, mode fs.FileMode, atime, mti
 // noinspection GoNameStartsWithPackageName
 type BackupInterface interface {
 	// SetClient sets the API request client on the backup interface.
-	SetClient(c remote.Client)
+	SetClient(remote.Client)
 	// Identifier returns the UUID of this backup as tracked by the panel
 	// instance.
 	Identifier() string
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ type BackupInterface interface {
 	WithLogContext(map[string]interface{})
 	// Generate creates a backup in whatever the configured source for the
 	// specific implementation is.
-	Generate(ctx context.Context, basePath string, ignore string) (*ArchiveDetails, error)
+	Generate(context.Context, string, string) (*ArchiveDetails, error)
 	// Ignored returns the ignored files for this backup instance.
 	Ignored() string
 	// Checksum returns a SHA1 checksum for the generated backup.
@@ -53,13 +53,13 @@ type BackupInterface interface {
 	// to store it until it is moved to the final spot.
 	Path() string
 	// Details returns details about the archive.
-	Details(ctx context.Context) (*ArchiveDetails, error)
+	Details(context.Context, []remote.BackupPart) (*ArchiveDetails, error)
 	// Remove removes a backup file.
 	Remove() error
 	// Restore is called when a backup is ready to be restored to the disk from
 	// the given source. Not every backup implementation will support this nor
 	// will every implementation require a reader be provided.
-	Restore(ctx context.Context, reader io.Reader, callback RestoreCallback) error
+	Restore(context.Context, io.Reader, RestoreCallback) error
 }
 
 type Backup struct {
@@ -119,8 +119,8 @@ func (b *Backup) Checksum() ([]byte, error) {
 
 // Details returns both the checksum and size of the archive currently stored on
 // the disk to the caller.
-func (b *Backup) Details(ctx context.Context) (*ArchiveDetails, error) {
+func (b *Backup) Details(ctx context.Context, parts []remote.BackupPart) (*ArchiveDetails, error) {
-	ad := ArchiveDetails{ChecksumType: "sha1"}
+	ad := ArchiveDetails{ChecksumType: "sha1", Parts: parts}
 	g, ctx := errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
 
 	g.Go(func() error {
@@ -162,9 +162,10 @@ func (b *Backup) log() *log.Entry {
 }
 
 type ArchiveDetails struct {
-	Checksum     string `json:"checksum"`
+	Checksum     string              `json:"checksum"`
-	ChecksumType string `json:"checksum_type"`
+	ChecksumType string              `json:"checksum_type"`
-	Size         int64  `json:"size"`
+	Size         int64               `json:"size"`
+	Parts        []remote.BackupPart `json:"parts"`
 }
 
 // ToRequest returns a request object.
@@ -174,5 +175,6 @@ func (ad *ArchiveDetails) ToRequest(successful bool) remote.BackupRequest {
 		ChecksumType: ad.ChecksumType,
 		Size:         ad.Size,
 		Successful:   successful,
+		Parts:        ad.Parts,
 	}
 }

server/backup/backup_local.go

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ func (b *LocalBackup) Generate(ctx context.Context, basePath, ignore string) (*A
 	}
 	b.log().Info("created backup successfully")
 
-	ad, err := b.Details(ctx)
+	ad, err := b.Details(ctx, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.WrapIf(err, "backup: failed to get archive details for local backup")
 	}

server/backup/backup_s3.go

@@ -71,10 +71,11 @@ func (s *S3Backup) Generate(ctx context.Context, basePath, ignore string) (*Arch
 	}
 	defer rc.Close()
 
-	if err := s.generateRemoteRequest(ctx, rc); err != nil {
+	parts, err := s.generateRemoteRequest(ctx, rc)
+	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	ad, err := s.Details(ctx)
+	ad, err := s.Details(ctx, parts)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.WrapIf(err, "backup: failed to get archive details after upload")
 	}
@@ -125,20 +126,20 @@ func (s *S3Backup) Restore(ctx context.Context, r io.Reader, callback RestoreCal
 }
 
 // Generates the remote S3 request and begins the upload.
-func (s *S3Backup) generateRemoteRequest(ctx context.Context, rc io.ReadCloser) error {
+func (s *S3Backup) generateRemoteRequest(ctx context.Context, rc io.ReadCloser) ([]remote.BackupPart, error) {
 	defer rc.Close()
 
 	s.log().Debug("attempting to get size of backup...")
 	size, err := s.Backup.Size()
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return nil, err
 	}
 	s.log().WithField("size", size).Debug("got size of backup")
 
 	s.log().Debug("attempting to get S3 upload urls from Panel...")
 	urls, err := s.client.GetBackupRemoteUploadURLs(context.Background(), s.Backup.Uuid, size)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return nil, err
 	}
 	s.log().Debug("got S3 upload urls from the Panel")
 	s.log().WithField("parts", len(urls.Parts)).Info("attempting to upload backup to s3 endpoint...")
@@ -156,22 +157,26 @@ func (s *S3Backup) generateRemoteRequest(ctx context.Context, rc io.ReadCloser)
 		}
 
 		// Attempt to upload the part.
-		if _, err := uploader.uploadPart(ctx, part, partSize); err != nil {
+		etag, err := uploader.uploadPart(ctx, part, partSize)
+		if err != nil {
 			s.log().WithField("part_id", i+1).WithError(err).Warn("failed to upload part")
-			return err
+			return nil, err
 		}
-
+		uploader.uploadedParts = append(uploader.uploadedParts, remote.BackupPart{
+			ETag:       etag,
+			PartNumber: i + 1,
+		})
 		s.log().WithField("part_id", i+1).Info("successfully uploaded backup part")
 	}
-
 	s.log().WithField("parts", len(urls.Parts)).Info("backup has been successfully uploaded")
 
-	return nil
+	return uploader.uploadedParts, nil
 }
 
 type s3FileUploader struct {
 	io.ReadCloser
-	client *http.Client
+	client        *http.Client
+	uploadedParts []remote.BackupPart
 }
 
 // newS3FileUploader returns a new file uploader instance.

server/config_parser.go

@@ -6,12 +6,14 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gammazero/workerpool"
 )
 
-// Parent function that will update all of the defined configuration files for a server
+// UpdateConfigurationFiles updates all of the defined configuration files for
-// automatically to ensure that they always use the specified values.
+// a server automatically to ensure that they always use the specified values.
 func (s *Server) UpdateConfigurationFiles() {
 	pool := workerpool.New(runtime.NumCPU())
 
+	s.Log().Debug("acquiring process configuration files...")
 	files := s.ProcessConfiguration().ConfigurationFiles
+	s.Log().Debug("acquired process configuration files")
 	for _, cf := range files {
 		f := cf
 
@@ -26,6 +28,8 @@ func (s *Server) UpdateConfigurationFiles() {
 			if err := f.Parse(p, false); err != nil {
 				s.Log().WithField("error", err).Error("failed to parse and update server configuration file")
 			}
+
+			s.Log().WithField("path", f.FileName).Debug("finished processing server configuration file")
 		})
 	}
 

server/configuration.go

@@ -16,6 +16,11 @@ type EggConfiguration struct {
 	FileDenylist []string `json:"file_denylist"`
 }
 
+type ConfigurationMeta struct {
+	Name        string `json:"name"`
+	Description string `json:"description"`
+}
+
 type Configuration struct {
 	mu sync.RWMutex
 
@@ -24,6 +29,8 @@ type Configuration struct {
 	// docker containers as well as in log output.
 	Uuid string `json:"uuid"`
 
+	Meta ConfigurationMeta `json:"meta"`
+
 	// Whether or not the server is in a suspended state. Suspended servers cannot
 	// be started or modified except in certain scenarios by an admin user.
 	Suspended bool `json:"suspended"`

server/console.go

@@ -1,13 +1,10 @@
 package server
 
 import (
-	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"sync"
-	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
-	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"github.com/mitchellh/colorstring"
 
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
@@ -18,118 +15,8 @@ import (
 // the configuration every time we need to send output along to the websocket for
 // a server.
 var appName string
-
 var appNameSync sync.Once
 
-var ErrTooMuchConsoleData = errors.New("console is outputting too much data")
-
-type ConsoleThrottler struct {
-	mu sync.Mutex
-	config.ConsoleThrottles
-
-	// The total number of activations that have occurred thus far.
-	activations uint64
-
-	// The total number of lines that have been sent since the last reset timer period.
-	count uint64
-
-	// Wether or not the console output is being throttled. It is up to calling code to
-	// determine what to do if it is.
-	isThrottled *system.AtomicBool
-
-	// The total number of lines processed so far during the given time period.
-	timerCancel *context.CancelFunc
-}
-
-// Resets the state of the throttler.
-func (ct *ConsoleThrottler) Reset() {
-	atomic.StoreUint64(&ct.count, 0)
-	atomic.StoreUint64(&ct.activations, 0)
-	ct.isThrottled.Store(false)
-}
-
-// Triggers an activation for a server. You can also decrement the number of activations
-// by passing a negative number.
-func (ct *ConsoleThrottler) markActivation(increment bool) uint64 {
-	if !increment {
-		if atomic.LoadUint64(&ct.activations) == 0 {
-			return 0
-		}
-
-		// This weird dohicky subtracts 1 from the activation count.
-		return atomic.AddUint64(&ct.activations, ^uint64(0))
-	}
-
-	return atomic.AddUint64(&ct.activations, 1)
-}
-
-// Determines if the console is currently being throttled. Calls to this function can be used to
-// determine if output should be funneled along to the websocket processes.
-func (ct *ConsoleThrottler) Throttled() bool {
-	return ct.isThrottled.Load()
-}
-
-// Starts a timer that runs in a seperate thread and will continually decrement the lines processed
-// and number of activations, regardless of the current console message volume. All of the timers
-// are canceled if the context passed through is canceled.
-func (ct *ConsoleThrottler) StartTimer(ctx context.Context) {
-	system.Every(ctx, time.Duration(int64(ct.LineResetInterval))*time.Millisecond, func(_ time.Time) {
-		ct.isThrottled.Store(false)
-		atomic.StoreUint64(&ct.count, 0)
-	})
-
-	system.Every(ctx, time.Duration(int64(ct.DecayInterval))*time.Millisecond, func(_ time.Time) {
-		ct.markActivation(false)
-	})
-}
-
-// Handles output from a server's console. This code ensures that a server is not outputting
-// an excessive amount of data to the console that could indicate a malicious or run-away process
-// and lead to performance issues for other users.
-//
-// This was much more of a problem for the NodeJS version of the daemon which struggled to handle
-// large volumes of output. However, this code is much more performant so I generally feel a lot
-// better about it's abilities.
-//
-// However, extreme output is still somewhat of a DoS attack vector against this software since we
-// are still logging it to the disk temporarily and will want to avoid dumping a huge amount of
-// data all at once. These values are all configurable via the wings configuration file, however the
-// defaults have been in the wild for almost two years at the time of this writing, so I feel quite
-// confident in them.
-//
-// This function returns an error if the server should be stopped due to violating throttle constraints
-// and a boolean value indicating if a throttle is being violated when it is checked.
-func (ct *ConsoleThrottler) Increment(onTrigger func()) error {
-	if !ct.Enabled {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	// Increment the line count and if we have now output more lines than are allowed, trigger a throttle
-	// activation. Once the throttle is triggered and has passed the kill at value we will trigger a server
-	// stop automatically.
-	if atomic.AddUint64(&ct.count, 1) >= ct.Lines && !ct.Throttled() {
-		ct.isThrottled.Store(true)
-		if ct.markActivation(true) >= ct.MaximumTriggerCount {
-			return ErrTooMuchConsoleData
-		}
-
-		onTrigger()
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Returns the throttler instance for the server or creates a new one.
-func (s *Server) Throttler() *ConsoleThrottler {
-	s.throttleOnce.Do(func() {
-		s.throttler = &ConsoleThrottler{
-			isThrottled:      system.NewAtomicBool(false),
-			ConsoleThrottles: config.Get().Throttles,
-		}
-	})
-	return s.throttler
-}
-
 // PublishConsoleOutputFromDaemon sends output to the server console formatted
 // to appear correctly as being sent from Wings.
 func (s *Server) PublishConsoleOutputFromDaemon(data string) {
@@ -141,3 +28,55 @@ func (s *Server) PublishConsoleOutputFromDaemon(data string) {
 		colorstring.Color(fmt.Sprintf("[yellow][bold][%s Daemon]:[default] %s", appName, data)),
 	)
 }
+
+// Throttler returns the throttler instance for the server or creates a new one.
+func (s *Server) Throttler() *ConsoleThrottle {
+	s.throttleOnce.Do(func() {
+		throttles := config.Get().Throttles
+		period := time.Duration(throttles.Period) * time.Millisecond
+
+		s.throttler = newConsoleThrottle(throttles.Lines, period)
+		s.throttler.strike = func() {
+			s.PublishConsoleOutputFromDaemon(fmt.Sprintf("Server is outputting console data too quickly -- throttling..."))
+		}
+	})
+	return s.throttler
+}
+
+type ConsoleThrottle struct {
+	limit  *system.Rate
+	lock   *system.Locker
+	strike func()
+}
+
+func newConsoleThrottle(lines uint64, period time.Duration) *ConsoleThrottle {
+	return &ConsoleThrottle{
+		limit: system.NewRate(lines, period),
+		lock:  system.NewLocker(),
+	}
+}
+
+// Allow checks if the console is allowed to process more output data, or if too
+// much has already been sent over the line. If there is too much output the
+// strike callback function is triggered, but only if it has not already been
+// triggered at this point in the process.
+//
+// If output is allowed, the lock on the throttler is released and the next time
+// it is triggered the strike function will be re-executed.
+func (ct *ConsoleThrottle) Allow() bool {
+	if !ct.limit.Try() {
+		if err := ct.lock.Acquire(); err == nil {
+			if ct.strike != nil {
+				ct.strike()
+			}
+		}
+		return false
+	}
+	ct.lock.Release()
+	return true
+}
+
+// Reset resets the console throttler internal rate limiter and overage counter.
+func (ct *ConsoleThrottle) Reset() {
+	ct.limit.Reset()
+}

server/console_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/franela/goblin"
+)
+
+func TestName(t *testing.T) {
+	g := goblin.Goblin(t)
+
+	g.Describe("ConsoleThrottler", func() {
+		g.It("keeps count of the number of overages in a time period", func() {
+			t := newConsoleThrottle(1, time.Second)
+			g.Assert(t.Allow()).IsTrue()
+			g.Assert(t.Allow()).IsFalse()
+			g.Assert(t.Allow()).IsFalse()
+		})
+
+		g.It("calls strike once per time period", func() {
+			t := newConsoleThrottle(1, time.Millisecond*20)
+
+			var times int
+			t.strike = func() {
+				times = times + 1
+			}
+
+			t.Allow()
+			t.Allow()
+			t.Allow()
+			time.Sleep(time.Millisecond * 100)
+			t.Allow()
+			t.Reset()
+			t.Allow()
+			t.Allow()
+			t.Allow()
+
+			g.Assert(times).Equal(2)
+		})
+
+		g.It("is properly reset", func() {
+			t := newConsoleThrottle(10, time.Second)
+
+			for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+				g.Assert(t.Allow()).IsTrue()
+			}
+			g.Assert(t.Allow()).IsFalse()
+			t.Reset()
+			g.Assert(t.Allow()).IsTrue()
+		})
+	})
+}
+
+func BenchmarkConsoleThrottle(b *testing.B) {
+	t := newConsoleThrottle(10, time.Millisecond*10)
+
+	b.ReportAllocs()
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		t.Allow()
+	}
+}

server/errors.go

@@ -12,8 +12,7 @@ var (
 	ErrServerIsRestoring    = errors.New("server is currently being restored")
 )
 
-type crashTooFrequent struct {
+type crashTooFrequent struct{}
-}
 
 func (e *crashTooFrequent) Error() string {
 	return "server has crashed too soon after the last detected crash"
@@ -25,8 +24,7 @@ func IsTooFrequentCrashError(err error) bool {
 	return ok
 }
 
-type serverDoesNotExist struct {
+type serverDoesNotExist struct{}
-}
 
 func (e *serverDoesNotExist) Error() string {
 	return "server does not exist on remote system"

server/events.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package server
 
 import (
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/events"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
 )
 
 // Defines all of the possible output events for a server.
@@ -20,14 +21,35 @@ const (
 	TransferStatusEvent         = "transfer status"
 )
 
-// Returns the server's emitter instance.
+// Events returns the server's emitter instance.
-func (s *Server) Events() *events.EventBus {
+func (s *Server) Events() *events.Bus {
 	s.emitterLock.Lock()
 	defer s.emitterLock.Unlock()
 
 	if s.emitter == nil {
-		s.emitter = events.New()
+		s.emitter = events.NewBus()
 	}
 
 	return s.emitter
 }
+
+// Sink returns the instantiated and named sink for a server. If the sink has
+// not been configured yet this function will cause a panic condition.
+func (s *Server) Sink(name system.SinkName) *system.SinkPool {
+	sink, ok := s.sinks[name]
+	if !ok {
+		s.Log().Fatalf("attempt to access nil sink: %s", name)
+	}
+	return sink
+}
+
+// DestroyAllSinks iterates over all of the sinks configured for the server and
+// destroys their instances. Note that this will cause a panic if you attempt
+// to call Server.Sink() again after. This function is only used when a server
+// is being deleted from the system.
+func (s *Server) DestroyAllSinks() {
+	s.Log().Info("destroying all registered sinks for server instance")
+	for _, sink := range s.sinks {
+		sink.Destroy()
+	}
+}

server/filesystem/archive.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"github.com/apex/log"
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ import (
 	ignore "github.com/sabhiram/go-gitignore"
 
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
 )
 
 const memory = 4 * 1024
@@ -28,6 +30,62 @@ var pool = sync.Pool{
 	},
 }
 
+// Progress is used to track the progress of any I/O operation that are being
+// performed.
+type Progress struct {
+	// written is the total size of the files that have been written to the writer.
+	written int64
+	// Total is the total size of the archive in bytes.
+	total int64
+	// w .
+	w io.Writer
+}
+
+// NewProgress .
+func NewProgress(total int64) *Progress {
+	return &Progress{total: total}
+}
+
+// Written returns the total number of bytes written.
+// This function should be used when the progress is tracking data being written.
+func (p *Progress) Written() int64 {
+	return atomic.LoadInt64(&p.written)
+}
+
+// Total returns the total size in bytes.
+func (p *Progress) Total() int64 {
+	return atomic.LoadInt64(&p.total)
+}
+
+// Write totals the number of bytes that have been written to the writer.
+func (p *Progress) Write(v []byte) (int, error) {
+	n := len(v)
+	atomic.AddInt64(&p.written, int64(n))
+	if p.w != nil {
+		return p.w.Write(v)
+	}
+	return n, nil
+}
+
+// Progress returns a formatted progress string for the current progress.
+func (p *Progress) Progress(width int) string {
+	current := p.Written()
+	total := p.Total()
+
+	// v = 100 (Progress)
+	// size = 1000 (Content-Length)
+	// p / size = 0.1
+	// * 100 = 10% (Multiply by 100 to get a percentage of the download)
+	// 10% / tickPercentage = (10% / (100 / 25)) (Divide by tick percentage to get the number of ticks)
+	// 2.5 (Number of ticks as a float64)
+	// 2 (convert to an integer)
+
+	// We have to cast these numbers to float in order to get a float result from the division.
+	ticks := ((float64(current) / float64(total)) * 100) / (float64(100) / float64(width))
+	bar := strings.Repeat("=", int(ticks)) + strings.Repeat(" ", width-int(ticks))
+	return "[" + bar + "] " + system.FormatBytes(current) + " / " + system.FormatBytes(total)
+}
+
 type Archive struct {
 	// BasePath is the absolute path to create the archive from where Files and Ignore are
 	// relative to.
@@ -40,12 +98,15 @@ type Archive struct {
 	// Files specifies the files to archive, this takes priority over the Ignore option, if
 	// unspecified, all files in the BasePath will be archived unless Ignore is set.
 	Files []string
+
+	// Progress wraps the writer of the archive to pass through the progress tracker.
+	Progress *Progress
 }
 
-// Create creates an archive at dst with all of the files defined in the
+// Create creates an archive at dst with all the files defined in the
-// included files struct.
+// included Files array.
 func (a *Archive) Create(dst string) error {
-	f, err := os.OpenFile(dst, os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC, 0600)
+	f, err := os.OpenFile(dst, os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC, 0o600)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -62,13 +123,34 @@ func (a *Archive) Create(dst string) error {
 		writer = f
 	}
 
+	// Choose which compression level to use based on the compression_level configuration option
+	var compressionLevel int
+	switch config.Get().System.Backups.CompressionLevel {
+	case "none":
+		compressionLevel = pgzip.NoCompression
+	case "best_compression":
+		compressionLevel = pgzip.BestCompression
+	case "best_speed":
+		fallthrough
+	default:
+		compressionLevel = pgzip.BestSpeed
+	}
+
 	// Create a new gzip writer around the file.
-	gw, _ := pgzip.NewWriterLevel(writer, pgzip.BestSpeed)
+	gw, _ := pgzip.NewWriterLevel(writer, compressionLevel)
 	_ = gw.SetConcurrency(1<<20, 1)
 	defer gw.Close()
 
+	var pw io.Writer
+	if a.Progress != nil {
+		a.Progress.w = gw
+		pw = a.Progress
+	} else {
+		pw = gw
+	}
+
 	// Create a new tar writer around the gzip writer.
-	tw := tar.NewWriter(gw)
+	tw := tar.NewWriter(pw)
 	defer tw.Close()
 
 	// Configure godirwalk.
@@ -103,7 +185,7 @@ func (a *Archive) Create(dst string) error {
 // being generated.
 func (a *Archive) callback(tw *tar.Writer, opts ...func(path string, relative string) error) func(path string, de *godirwalk.Dirent) error {
 	return func(path string, de *godirwalk.Dirent) error {
-		// Skip directories because we walking them recursively.
+		// Skip directories because we are walking them recursively.
 		if de.IsDir() {
 			return nil
 		}
@@ -130,7 +212,7 @@ func (a *Archive) withFilesCallback(tw *tar.Writer) func(path string, de *godirw
 		for _, f := range a.Files {
 			// If the given doesn't match, or doesn't have the same prefix continue
 			// to the next item in the loop.
-			if p != f && !strings.HasPrefix(p, f) {
+			if p != f && !strings.HasPrefix(strings.TrimSuffix(p, "/")+"/", f) {
 				continue
 			}
 
@@ -148,7 +230,7 @@ func (a *Archive) withFilesCallback(tw *tar.Writer) func(path string, de *godirw
 // Adds a given file path to the final archive being created.
 func (a *Archive) addToArchive(p string, rp string, w *tar.Writer) error {
 	// Lstat the file, this will give us the same information as Stat except that it will not
-	// follow a symlink to it's target automatically. This is important to avoid including
+	// follow a symlink to its target automatically. This is important to avoid including
 	// files that exist outside the server root unintentionally in the backup.
 	s, err := os.Lstat(p)
 	if err != nil {

server/filesystem/compress.go

@@ -8,10 +8,14 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"reflect"
 	"strings"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
+	gzip2 "github.com/klauspost/compress/gzip"
+	zip2 "github.com/klauspost/compress/zip"
+
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"github.com/mholt/archiver/v3"
 )
@@ -172,13 +176,26 @@ func ExtractNameFromArchive(f archiver.File) string {
 		return f.Name()
 	}
 	switch s := sys.(type) {
+	case *zip.FileHeader:
+		return s.Name
+	case *zip2.FileHeader:
+		return s.Name
 	case *tar.Header:
 		return s.Name
 	case *gzip.Header:
 		return s.Name
-	case *zip.FileHeader:
+	case *gzip2.Header:
 		return s.Name
 	default:
+		// At this point we cannot figure out what type of archive this might be so
+		// just try to find the name field in the struct. If it is found return it.
+		field := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(sys)).FieldByName("Name")
+		if field.IsValid() {
+			return field.String()
+		}
+		// Fallback to the basename of the file at this point. There is nothing we can really
+		// do to try and figure out what the underlying directory of the file is supposed to
+		// be since it didn't implement a name field.
 		return f.Name()
 	}
 }

server/filesystem/compress_test.go

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package filesystem
 
 import (
-	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -19,11 +19,10 @@ func TestFilesystem_DecompressFile(t *testing.T) {
 	fs, rfs := NewFs()
 
 	g.Describe("Decompress", func() {
-
 		for _, ext := range []string{"zip", "rar", "tar", "tar.gz"} {
 			g.It("can decompress a "+ext, func() {
 				// copy the file to the new FS
-				c, err := ioutil.ReadFile("./testdata/test." + ext)
+				c, err := os.ReadFile("./testdata/test." + ext)
 				g.Assert(err).IsNil()
 				err = rfs.CreateServerFile("./test."+ext, c)
 				g.Assert(err).IsNil()

server/filesystem/disk_space.go

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package filesystem
 
 import (
+	"context"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/vhd"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"syscall"
@@ -35,18 +37,46 @@ func (ult *usageLookupTime) Get() time.Time {
 	return ult.value
 }
 
-// Returns the maximum amount of disk space that this Filesystem instance is allowed to use.
+// MaxDisk returns the maximum amount of disk space that this Filesystem
+// instance is allowed to use.
 func (fs *Filesystem) MaxDisk() int64 {
 	return atomic.LoadInt64(&fs.diskLimit)
 }
 
-// Sets the disk space limit for this Filesystem instance.
+// SetDiskLimit sets the disk space limit for this Filesystem instance. This
-func (fs *Filesystem) SetDiskLimit(i int64) {
+// logic will also handle mounting or unmounting a virtual disk if it is being
-	atomic.SwapInt64(&fs.diskLimit, i)
+// used currently.
+func (fs *Filesystem) SetDiskLimit(ctx context.Context, i int64) error {
+	// Do nothing if this method is called but the limit is not changing.
+	if atomic.LoadInt64(&fs.diskLimit) == i {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if vhd.Enabled() {
+		if i == 0 && fs.IsVirtual() {
+			fs.log().Debug("disk limit changed to 0, destroying virtual disk")
+			// Remove the VHD if it is mounted so that we're just storing files directly on the system
+			// since we cannot have a virtual disk with a space limit enforced like that.
+			if err := fs.vhd.Destroy(ctx); err != nil {
+				return errors.WithStackIf(err)
+			}
+			fs.vhd = nil
+		}
+		// If we're setting a disk size go ahead and mount the VHD if it isn't already mounted,
+		// and then allocate the new space to the disk.
+		if i > 0 {
+			fs.log().Debug("disk limit updated, allocating new space to virtual disk")
+			if err := fs.ConfigureDisk(ctx, i); err != nil {
+				return errors.WithStackIf(err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	fs.log().WithField("limit", i).Debug("disk limit updated")
+	atomic.StoreInt64(&fs.diskLimit, i)
+	return nil
 }
 
-// The same concept as HasSpaceAvailable however this will return an error if there is
+// HasSpaceErr is the same concept as HasSpaceAvailable however this will return
-// no space, rather than a boolean value.
+// an error if there is no space, rather than a boolean value.
 func (fs *Filesystem) HasSpaceErr(allowStaleValue bool) error {
 	if !fs.HasSpaceAvailable(allowStaleValue) {
 		return newFilesystemError(ErrCodeDiskSpace, nil)
@@ -54,67 +84,77 @@ func (fs *Filesystem) HasSpaceErr(allowStaleValue bool) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// Determines if the directory a file is trying to be added to has enough space available
+// HasSpaceAvailable determines if the directory a file is trying to be added to
-// for the file to be written to.
+// has enough space available for the file to be written to.
 //
-// Because determining the amount of space being used by a server is a taxing operation we
+// Because determining the amount of space being used by a server is a taxing
-// will load it all up into a cache and pull from that as long as the key is not expired.
+// operation we will load it all up into a cache and pull from that as long as
+// the key is not expired. This operation will potentially block unless
+// allowStaleValue is set to true. See the documentation on DiskUsage for how
+// this affects the call.
 //
-// This operation will potentially block unless allowStaleValue is set to true. See the
+// If the current size of the disk is larger than the maximum allowed size this
-// documentation on DiskUsage for how this affects the call.
+// function will return false, in all other cases it will return true. We do
+// not check the existence of a virtual disk at this point since this logic is
+// used to return friendly error messages to users, and also prevent us wasting
+// time on more taxing operations when we know the result will end up failing due
+// to space limits.
+//
+// If the servers disk limit is set to 0 it means there is no limit, however the
+// DiskUsage method is still called to keep the cache warm. This function will
+// always return true for a server with no limit set.
 func (fs *Filesystem) HasSpaceAvailable(allowStaleValue bool) bool {
 	size, err := fs.DiskUsage(allowStaleValue)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.WithField("root", fs.root).WithField("error", err).Warn("failed to determine root fs directory size")
+		fs.log().WithField("error", err).Warn("failed to determine root fs directory size")
 	}
-
+	return fs.MaxDisk() == 0 || size <= fs.MaxDisk()
-	// If space is -1 or 0 just return true, means they're allowed unlimited.
-	//
-	// Technically we could skip disk space calculation because we don't need to check if the
-	// server exceeds it's limit but because this method caches the disk usage it would be best
-	// to calculate the disk usage and always return true.
-	if fs.MaxDisk() == 0 {
-		return true
-	}
-
-	return size <= fs.MaxDisk()
 }
 
-// Returns the cached value for the amount of disk space used by the filesystem. Do not rely on this
+// CachedUsage returns the cached value for the amount of disk space used by the
-// function for critical logical checks. It should only be used in areas where the actual disk usage
+// filesystem. Do not rely on this function for critical logical checks. It
-// does not need to be perfect, e.g. API responses for server resource usage.
+// should only be used in areas where the actual disk usage does not need to be
+// perfect, e.g. API responses for server resource usage.
 func (fs *Filesystem) CachedUsage() int64 {
 	return atomic.LoadInt64(&fs.diskUsed)
 }
 
-// Internal helper function to allow other parts of the codebase to check the total used disk space
+// DiskUsage is an internal helper function to allow other parts of the codebase
-// as needed without overly taxing the system. This will prioritize the value from the cache to avoid
+// to check the total used disk space as needed without overly taxing the system.
-// excessive IO usage. We will only walk the filesystem and determine the size of the directory if there
+// This will prioritize the value from the cache to avoid excessive IO usage. We
+// will only walk the filesystem and determine the size of the directory if there
 // is no longer a cached value.
 //
-// If "allowStaleValue" is set to true, a stale value MAY be returned to the caller if there is an
+// If "allowStaleValue" is set to true, a stale value MAY be returned to the
-// expired cache value AND there is currently another lookup in progress. If there is no cached value but
+// caller if there is an expired cache value AND there is currently another
-// no other lookup is in progress, a fresh disk space response will be returned to the caller.
+// lookup in progress. If there is no cached value but no other lookup is in
+// progress, a fresh disk space response will be returned to the caller.
 //
-// This is primarily to avoid a bunch of I/O operations from piling up on the server, especially on servers
+// This is primarily to avoid a bunch of I/O operations from piling up on the
-// with a large amount of files.
+// server, especially on servers with a large amount of files.
 func (fs *Filesystem) DiskUsage(allowStaleValue bool) (int64, error) {
 	// A disk check interval of 0 means this functionality is completely disabled.
 	if fs.diskCheckInterval == 0 {
 		return 0, nil
 	}
 
-	if !fs.lastLookupTime.Get().After(time.Now().Add(time.Second * fs.diskCheckInterval * -1)) {
+	since := time.Now().Add(time.Second * fs.diskCheckInterval * -1)
+	// If the last lookup time was before our calculated limit we will re-execute this
+	// checking logic. If the lookup time was after the oldest possible timestamp we will
+	// continue returning the cached value.
+	if fs.lastLookupTime.Get().Before(since) {
 		// If we are now allowing a stale response go ahead  and perform the lookup and return the fresh
 		// value. This is a blocking operation to the calling process.
 		if !allowStaleValue {
 			return fs.updateCachedDiskUsage()
-		} else if !fs.lookupInProgress.Load() {
+		}
-			// Otherwise, if we allow a stale value and there isn't a valid item in the cache and we aren't
+
-			// currently performing a lookup, just do the disk usage calculation in the background.
+		// Otherwise, if we allow a stale value and there isn't a valid item in the cache and we aren't
+		// currently performing a lookup, just do the disk usage calculation in the background.
+		if !fs.lookupInProgress.Load() {
 			go func(fs *Filesystem) {
 				if _, err := fs.updateCachedDiskUsage(); err != nil {
-					log.WithField("root", fs.root).WithField("error", err).Warn("failed to update fs disk usage from within routine")
+					fs.log().WithField("error", err).Warn("failed to update fs disk usage from within routine")
 				}
 			}(fs)
 		}
@@ -194,11 +234,14 @@ func (fs *Filesystem) DirectorySize(dir string) (int64, error) {
 	return size, errors.WrapIf(err, "server/filesystem: directorysize: failed to walk directory")
 }
 
-// Helper function to determine if a server has space available for a file of a given size.
+// HasSpaceFor is a function to determine if a server has space available for a
-// If space is available, no error will be returned, otherwise an ErrNotEnoughSpace error
+// file of a given size. If space is available, no error will be returned,
-// will be raised.
+// otherwise an ErrNotEnoughSpace error will be raised. If this filesystem is
+// configured as a virtual disk this function is a no-op as we will fall through
+// to the native implementation to throw back an error if there is not disk
+// space available.
 func (fs *Filesystem) HasSpaceFor(size int64) error {
-	if fs.MaxDisk() == 0 {
+	if fs.IsVirtual() || fs.MaxDisk() == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
 	s, err := fs.DiskUsage(true)
@@ -234,3 +277,7 @@ func (fs *Filesystem) addDisk(i int64) int64 {
 
 	return atomic.AddInt64(&fs.diskUsed, i)
 }
+
+func (fs *Filesystem) log() *log.Entry {
+	return log.WithField("server", fs.uuid).WithField("root", fs.root)
+}

server/filesystem/filesystem.go

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 	ignore "github.com/sabhiram/go-gitignore"
 
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/vhd"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
 )
 
@@ -30,19 +31,23 @@ type Filesystem struct {
 	diskUsed          int64
 	diskCheckInterval time.Duration
 	denylist          *ignore.GitIgnore
+	vhd               *vhd.Disk
 
 	// The maximum amount of disk space (in bytes) that this Filesystem instance can use.
 	diskLimit int64
 
 	// The root data directory path for this Filesystem instance.
 	root string
+	uuid string
 
 	isTest bool
 }
 
 // New creates a new Filesystem instance for a given server.
-func New(root string, size int64, denylist []string) *Filesystem {
+func New(uuid string, size int64, denylist []string) *Filesystem {
-	return &Filesystem{
+	root := filepath.Join(config.Get().System.Data, uuid)
+	fs := Filesystem{
+		uuid:              uuid,
 		root:              root,
 		diskLimit:         size,
 		diskCheckInterval: time.Duration(config.Get().System.DiskCheckInterval),
@@ -50,6 +55,15 @@ func New(root string, size int64, denylist []string) *Filesystem {
 		lookupInProgress:  system.NewAtomicBool(false),
 		denylist:          ignore.CompileIgnoreLines(denylist...),
 	}
+
+	// If VHD support is enabled but this server is configured with no disk size
+	// limit we cannot actually use a virtual disk. In that case fall back to using
+	// the default driver.
+	if vhd.Enabled() && size > 0 {
+		fs.vhd = vhd.New(size, vhd.DiskPath(uuid), fs.root)
+	}
+
+	return &fs
 }
 
 // Path returns the root path for the Filesystem instance.
@@ -77,15 +91,15 @@ func (fs *Filesystem) File(p string) (*os.File, Stat, error) {
 	return f, st, nil
 }
 
-// Acts by creating the given file and path on the disk if it is not present already. If
+// Touch acts by creating the given file and path on the disk if it is not present
-// it is present, the file is opened using the defaults which will truncate the contents.
+// already. If it is present, the file is opened using the defaults which will
-// The opened file is then returned to the caller.
+// truncate the contents. The opened file is then returned to the caller.
 func (fs *Filesystem) Touch(p string, flag int) (*os.File, error) {
 	cleaned, err := fs.SafePath(p)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	f, err := os.OpenFile(cleaned, flag, 0644)
+	f, err := os.OpenFile(cleaned, flag, 0o644)
 	if err == nil {
 		return f, nil
 	}
@@ -97,7 +111,7 @@ func (fs *Filesystem) Touch(p string, flag int) (*os.File, error) {
 	if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Dir(cleaned)); errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
 		// Create the path leading up to the file we're trying to create, setting the final perms
 		// on it as we go.
-		if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(cleaned), 0755); err != nil {
+		if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(cleaned), 0o755); err != nil {
 			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "server/filesystem: touch: failed to create directory tree")
 		}
 		if err := fs.Chown(filepath.Dir(cleaned)); err != nil {
@@ -107,7 +121,7 @@ func (fs *Filesystem) Touch(p string, flag int) (*os.File, error) {
 	o := &fileOpener{}
 	// Try to open the file now that we have created the pathing necessary for it, and then
 	// Chown that file so that the permissions don't mess with things.
-	f, err = o.open(cleaned, flag, 0644)
+	f, err = o.open(cleaned, flag, 0o644)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "server/filesystem: touch: failed to open file with wait")
 	}
@@ -115,19 +129,6 @@ func (fs *Filesystem) Touch(p string, flag int) (*os.File, error) {
 	return f, nil
 }
 
-// Reads a file on the system and returns it as a byte representation in a file
-// reader. This is not the most memory efficient usage since it will be reading the
-// entirety of the file into memory.
-func (fs *Filesystem) Readfile(p string, w io.Writer) error {
-	file, _, err := fs.File(p)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	defer file.Close()
-	_, err = bufio.NewReader(file).WriteTo(w)
-	return err
-}
-
 // Writefile writes a file to the system. If the file does not already exist one
 // will be created. This will also properly recalculate the disk space used by
 // the server when writing new files or modifying existing ones.
@@ -168,6 +169,12 @@ func (fs *Filesystem) Writefile(p string, r io.Reader) error {
 
 	buf := make([]byte, 1024*4)
 	sz, err := io.CopyBuffer(file, r, buf)
+	if err != nil {
+		if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "no space left on device") {
+			return newFilesystemError(ErrCodeDiskSpace, err)
+		}
+		return errors.WrapIf(err, "filesystem: failed to copy buffer for file write")
+	}
 
 	// Adjust the disk usage to account for the old size and the new size of the file.
 	fs.addDisk(sz - currentSize)
@@ -181,19 +188,19 @@ func (fs *Filesystem) CreateDirectory(name string, p string) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	return os.MkdirAll(cleaned, 0755)
+	return os.MkdirAll(cleaned, 0o755)
 }
 
-// Moves (or renames) a file or directory.
+// Rename moves (or renames) a file or directory.
 func (fs *Filesystem) Rename(from string, to string) error {
 	cleanedFrom, err := fs.SafePath(from)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return errors.WithStack(err)
 	}
 
 	cleanedTo, err := fs.SafePath(to)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return errors.WithStack(err)
 	}
 
 	// If the target file or directory already exists the rename function will fail, so just
@@ -210,12 +217,15 @@ func (fs *Filesystem) Rename(from string, to string) error {
 	// Ensure that the directory we're moving into exists correctly on the system. Only do this if
 	// we're not at the root directory level.
 	if d != fs.Path() {
-		if mkerr := os.MkdirAll(d, 0755); mkerr != nil {
+		if mkerr := os.MkdirAll(d, 0o755); mkerr != nil {
 			return errors.WithMessage(mkerr, "failed to create directory structure for file rename")
 		}
 	}
 
-	return os.Rename(cleanedFrom, cleanedTo)
+	if err := os.Rename(cleanedFrom, cleanedTo); err != nil {
+		return errors.WithStack(err)
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 // Recursively iterates over a file or directory and sets the permissions on all of the
@@ -322,8 +332,9 @@ func (fs *Filesystem) findCopySuffix(dir string, name string, extension string)
 	return name + suffix + extension, nil
 }
 
-// Copies a given file to the same location and appends a suffix to the file to indicate that
+// Copy takes a given input file path and creates a copy of the file at the same
-// it has been copied.
+// location, appending a unique number to the end. For example, a copy of "test.txt"
+// would create "test 2.txt" as the copy, then "test 3.txt" and so on.
 func (fs *Filesystem) Copy(p string) error {
 	cleaned, err := fs.SafePath(p)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -377,7 +388,7 @@ func (fs *Filesystem) TruncateRootDirectory() error {
 	if err := os.RemoveAll(fs.Path()); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	if err := os.Mkdir(fs.Path(), 0755); err != nil {
+	if err := os.Mkdir(fs.Path(), 0o755); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	atomic.StoreInt64(&fs.diskUsed, 0)
@@ -485,14 +496,18 @@ func (fs *Filesystem) ListDirectory(p string) ([]Stat, error) {
 			defer wg.Done()
 
 			var m *mimetype.MIME
-			var d = "inode/directory"
+			d := "inode/directory"
 			if !f.IsDir() {
 				cleanedp := filepath.Join(cleaned, f.Name())
 				if f.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink != 0 {
 					cleanedp, _ = fs.SafePath(filepath.Join(cleaned, f.Name()))
 				}
 
-				if cleanedp != "" {
+				// Don't try to detect the type on a pipe — this will just hang the application and
+				// you'll never get a response back.
+				//
+				// @see https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/issues/4059
+				if cleanedp != "" && f.Mode()&os.ModeNamedPipe == 0 {
 					m, _ = mimetype.DetectFile(filepath.Join(cleaned, f.Name()))
 				} else {
 					// Just pass this for an unknown type because the file could not safely be resolved within

server/filesystem/filesystem_test.go

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 package filesystem
 
 import (
+	"bufio"
 	"bytes"
 	"errors"
-	"io/ioutil"
 	"math/rand"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ func NewFs() (*Filesystem, *rootFs) {
 		},
 	})
 
-	tmpDir, err := ioutil.TempDir(os.TempDir(), "pterodactyl")
+	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp(os.TempDir(), "pterodactyl")
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
@@ -45,6 +45,14 @@ type rootFs struct {
 	root string
 }
 
+func getFileContent(file *os.File) string {
+	var w bytes.Buffer
+	if _, err := bufio.NewReader(file).WriteTo(&w); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return w.String()
+}
+
 func (rfs *rootFs) CreateServerFile(p string, c []byte) error {
 	f, err := os.Create(filepath.Join(rfs.root, "/server", p))
 
@@ -71,59 +79,11 @@ func (rfs *rootFs) reset() {
 		}
 	}
 
-	if err := os.Mkdir(filepath.Join(rfs.root, "/server"), 0755); err != nil {
+	if err := os.Mkdir(filepath.Join(rfs.root, "/server"), 0o755); err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
 }
 
-func TestFilesystem_Readfile(t *testing.T) {
-	g := Goblin(t)
-	fs, rfs := NewFs()
-
-	g.Describe("Readfile", func() {
-		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
-
-		g.It("opens a file if it exists on the system", func() {
-			err := rfs.CreateServerFileFromString("test.txt", "testing")
-			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
-
-			err = fs.Readfile("test.txt", buf)
-			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
-			g.Assert(buf.String()).Equal("testing")
-		})
-
-		g.It("returns an error if the file does not exist", func() {
-			err := fs.Readfile("test.txt", buf)
-			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
-			g.Assert(errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist)).IsTrue()
-		})
-
-		g.It("returns an error if the \"file\" is a directory", func() {
-			err := os.Mkdir(filepath.Join(rfs.root, "/server/test.txt"), 0755)
-			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
-
-			err = fs.Readfile("test.txt", buf)
-			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
-			g.Assert(IsErrorCode(err, ErrCodeIsDirectory)).IsTrue()
-		})
-
-		g.It("cannot open a file outside the root directory", func() {
-			err := rfs.CreateServerFileFromString("/../test.txt", "testing")
-			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
-
-			err = fs.Readfile("/../test.txt", buf)
-			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
-			g.Assert(IsErrorCode(err, ErrCodePathResolution)).IsTrue()
-		})
-
-		g.AfterEach(func() {
-			buf.Truncate(0)
-			atomic.StoreInt64(&fs.diskUsed, 0)
-			rfs.reset()
-		})
-	})
-}
-
 func TestFilesystem_Writefile(t *testing.T) {
 	g := Goblin(t)
 	fs, rfs := NewFs()
@@ -141,9 +101,10 @@ func TestFilesystem_Writefile(t *testing.T) {
 			err := fs.Writefile("test.txt", r)
 			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
 
-			err = fs.Readfile("test.txt", buf)
+			f, _, err := fs.File("test.txt")
 			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
-			g.Assert(buf.String()).Equal("test file content")
+			defer f.Close()
+			g.Assert(getFileContent(f)).Equal("test file content")
 			g.Assert(atomic.LoadInt64(&fs.diskUsed)).Equal(r.Size())
 		})
 
@@ -153,9 +114,10 @@ func TestFilesystem_Writefile(t *testing.T) {
 			err := fs.Writefile("/some/nested/test.txt", r)
 			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
 
-			err = fs.Readfile("/some/nested/test.txt", buf)
+			f, _, err := fs.File("/some/nested/test.txt")
 			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
-			g.Assert(buf.String()).Equal("test file content")
+			defer f.Close()
+			g.Assert(getFileContent(f)).Equal("test file content")
 		})
 
 		g.It("can create a new file inside a nested directory without a trailing slash", func() {
@@ -164,9 +126,10 @@ func TestFilesystem_Writefile(t *testing.T) {
 			err := fs.Writefile("some/../foo/bar/test.txt", r)
 			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
 
-			err = fs.Readfile("foo/bar/test.txt", buf)
+			f, _, err := fs.File("foo/bar/test.txt")
 			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
-			g.Assert(buf.String()).Equal("test file content")
+			defer f.Close()
+			g.Assert(getFileContent(f)).Equal("test file content")
 		})
 
 		g.It("cannot create a file outside the root directory", func() {
@@ -191,28 +154,6 @@ func TestFilesystem_Writefile(t *testing.T) {
 			g.Assert(IsErrorCode(err, ErrCodeDiskSpace)).IsTrue()
 		})
 
-		/*g.It("updates the total space used when a file is appended to", func() {
-			atomic.StoreInt64(&fs.diskUsed, 100)
-
-			b := make([]byte, 100)
-			_, _ = rand.Read(b)
-
-			r := bytes.NewReader(b)
-			err := fs.Writefile("test.txt", r)
-			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
-			g.Assert(atomic.LoadInt64(&fs.diskUsed)).Equal(int64(200))
-
-			// If we write less data than already exists, we should expect the total
-			// disk used to be decremented.
-			b = make([]byte, 50)
-			_, _ = rand.Read(b)
-
-			r = bytes.NewReader(b)
-			err = fs.Writefile("test.txt", r)
-			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
-			g.Assert(atomic.LoadInt64(&fs.diskUsed)).Equal(int64(150))
-		})*/
-
 		g.It("truncates the file when writing new contents", func() {
 			r := bytes.NewReader([]byte("original data"))
 			err := fs.Writefile("test.txt", r)
@@ -222,9 +163,10 @@ func TestFilesystem_Writefile(t *testing.T) {
 			err = fs.Writefile("test.txt", r)
 			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
 
-			err = fs.Readfile("test.txt", buf)
+			f, _, err := fs.File("test.txt")
 			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
-			g.Assert(buf.String()).Equal("new data")
+			defer f.Close()
+			g.Assert(getFileContent(f)).Equal("new data")
 		})
 
 		g.AfterEach(func() {
@@ -341,7 +283,7 @@ func TestFilesystem_Rename(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 
 		g.It("allows a folder to be renamed", func() {
-			err := os.Mkdir(filepath.Join(rfs.root, "/server/source_dir"), 0755)
+			err := os.Mkdir(filepath.Join(rfs.root, "/server/source_dir"), 0o755)
 			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
 
 			err = fs.Rename("source_dir", "target_dir")
@@ -405,7 +347,7 @@ func TestFilesystem_Copy(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 
 		g.It("should return an error if the source directory is outside the root", func() {
-			err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(rfs.root, "/nested/in/dir"), 0755)
+			err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(rfs.root, "/nested/in/dir"), 0o755)
 			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
 
 			err = rfs.CreateServerFileFromString("/../nested/in/dir/ext-source.txt", "external content")
@@ -421,7 +363,7 @@ func TestFilesystem_Copy(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 
 		g.It("should return an error if the source is a directory", func() {
-			err := os.Mkdir(filepath.Join(rfs.root, "/server/dir"), 0755)
+			err := os.Mkdir(filepath.Join(rfs.root, "/server/dir"), 0o755)
 			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
 
 			err = fs.Copy("dir")
@@ -466,7 +408,7 @@ func TestFilesystem_Copy(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 
 		g.It("should create a copy inside of a directory", func() {
-			err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(rfs.root, "/server/nested/in/dir"), 0755)
+			err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(rfs.root, "/server/nested/in/dir"), 0o755)
 			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
 
 			err = rfs.CreateServerFileFromString("nested/in/dir/source.txt", "test content")
@@ -545,7 +487,7 @@ func TestFilesystem_Delete(t *testing.T) {
 				"foo/bar/baz/source.txt",
 			}
 
-			err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(rfs.root, "/server/foo/bar/baz"), 0755)
+			err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(rfs.root, "/server/foo/bar/baz"), 0o755)
 			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
 
 			for _, s := range sources {

server/filesystem/path.go

@@ -115,8 +115,8 @@ func (fs *Filesystem) ParallelSafePath(paths []string) ([]string, error) {
 	var cleaned []string
 
 	// Simple locker function to avoid racy appends to the array of cleaned paths.
-	var m = new(sync.Mutex)
+	m := new(sync.Mutex)
-	var push = func(c string) {
+	push := func(c string) {
 		m.Lock()
 		cleaned = append(cleaned, c)
 		m.Unlock()

server/filesystem/path_test.go

@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ func TestFilesystem_Blocks_Symlinks(t *testing.T) {
 		panic(err)
 	}
 
-	if err := os.Mkdir(filepath.Join(rfs.root, "/malicious_dir"), 0777); err != nil {
+	if err := os.Mkdir(filepath.Join(rfs.root, "/malicious_dir"), 0o777); err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
 
@@ -119,16 +119,6 @@ func TestFilesystem_Blocks_Symlinks(t *testing.T) {
 		panic(err)
 	}
 
-	g.Describe("Readfile", func() {
-		g.It("cannot read a file symlinked outside the root", func() {
-			b := bytes.Buffer{}
-
-			err := fs.Readfile("symlinked.txt", &b)
-			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
-			g.Assert(IsErrorCode(err, ErrCodePathResolution)).IsTrue()
-		})
-	})
-
 	g.Describe("Writefile", func() {
 		g.It("cannot write to a file symlinked outside the root", func() {
 			r := bytes.NewReader([]byte("testing"))

server/filesystem/stat.go

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 package filesystem
 
 import (
-	"encoding/json"
 	"os"
 	"strconv"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype"
+	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
 )
 
 type Stat struct {

server/filesystem/virtual.go

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package filesystem
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/vhd"
+)
+
+// IsVirtual returns true if the filesystem is currently using a virtual disk.
+func (fs *Filesystem) IsVirtual() bool {
+	return fs.vhd != nil
+}
+
+// ConfigureDisk will attempt to create a new VHD if there is not one already
+// created for the filesystem. If there is this method will attempt to resize
+// the underlying data volume. Passing a size of 0 or less will panic.
+func (fs *Filesystem) ConfigureDisk(ctx context.Context, size int64) error {
+	if size <= 0 {
+		panic("filesystem: attempt to configure disk with empty size")
+	}
+	if fs.vhd == nil {
+		fs.vhd = vhd.New(size, vhd.DiskPath(fs.uuid), fs.root)
+		if err := fs.MountDisk(ctx); err != nil {
+			return errors.WithStackIf(err)
+		}
+	}
+	// Resize the disk now that it is for sure mounted and exists on the system.
+	if err := fs.vhd.Resize(ctx, size); err != nil {
+		return errors.WithStackIf(err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// MountDisk will attempt to mount the underlying virtual disk for the server.
+// If the disk is already mounted this is a no-op function.
+func (fs *Filesystem) MountDisk(ctx context.Context) error {
+	err := fs.vhd.Mount(ctx)
+	if errors.Is(err, vhd.ErrFilesystemMounted) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return errors.WrapIf(err, "filesystem: failed to mount VHD")
+}

server/install.go

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"github.com/apex/log"
@@ -24,16 +25,17 @@ import (
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
 )
 
-// Executes the installation stack for a server process. Bubbles any errors up to the calling
+// Install executes the installation stack for a server process. Bubbles any
-// function which should handle contacting the panel to notify it of the server state.
+// errors up to the calling function which should handle contacting the panel to
+// notify it of the server state.
 //
-// Pass true as the first argument in order to execute a server sync before the process to
+// Pass true as the first argument in order to execute a server sync before the
-// ensure the latest information is used.
+// process to ensure the latest information is used.
 func (s *Server) Install(sync bool) error {
 	if sync {
 		s.Log().Info("syncing server state with remote source before executing installation process")
 		if err := s.Sync(); err != nil {
-			return err
+			return errors.WrapIf(err, "install: failed to sync server state with Panel")
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -57,7 +59,7 @@ func (s *Server) Install(sync bool) error {
 		// error to this log entry. Otherwise ignore it in this log since whatever is calling
 		// this function should handle the error and will end up logging the same one.
 		if err == nil {
-			l.WithField("error", serr)
+			l.WithField("error", err)
 		}
 
 		l.Warn("failed to notify panel of server install state")
@@ -71,7 +73,7 @@ func (s *Server) Install(sync bool) error {
 	// the install is completed.
 	s.Events().Publish(InstallCompletedEvent, "")
 
-	return err
+	return errors.WithStackIf(err)
 }
 
 // Reinstalls a server's software by utilizing the install script for the server egg. This
@@ -79,8 +81,8 @@ func (s *Server) Install(sync bool) error {
 func (s *Server) Reinstall() error {
 	if s.Environment.State() != environment.ProcessOfflineState {
 		s.Log().Debug("waiting for server instance to enter a stopped state")
-		if err := s.Environment.WaitForStop(10, true); err != nil {
+		if err := s.Environment.WaitForStop(s.Context(), time.Second*10, true); err != nil {
-			return err
+			return errors.WrapIf(err, "install: failed to stop running environment")
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -110,9 +112,7 @@ func (s *Server) internalInstall() error {
 type InstallationProcess struct {
 	Server *Server
 	Script *remote.InstallationScript
-
+	client *client.Client
-	client  *client.Client
-	context context.Context
 }
 
 // Generates a new installation process struct that will be used to create containers,
@@ -127,7 +127,6 @@ func NewInstallationProcess(s *Server, script *remote.InstallationScript) (*Inst
 		return nil, err
 	} else {
 		proc.client = c
-		proc.context = s.Context()
 	}
 
 	return proc, nil
@@ -157,7 +156,7 @@ func (s *Server) SetRestoring(state bool) {
 
 // Removes the installer container for the server.
 func (ip *InstallationProcess) RemoveContainer() error {
-	err := ip.client.ContainerRemove(ip.context, ip.Server.ID()+"_installer", types.ContainerRemoveOptions{
+	err := ip.client.ContainerRemove(ip.Server.Context(), ip.Server.ID()+"_installer", types.ContainerRemoveOptions{
 		RemoveVolumes: true,
 		Force:         true,
 	})
@@ -167,11 +166,10 @@ func (ip *InstallationProcess) RemoveContainer() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// Runs the installation process, this is done as in a background thread. This will configure
+// Run runs the installation process, this is done as in a background thread.
-// the required environment, and then spin up the installation container.
+// This will configure the required environment, and then spin up the
-//
+// installation container. Once the container finishes installing the results
-// Once the container finishes installing the results will be stored in an installation
+// are stored in an installation log in the server's configuration directory.
-// log in the server's configuration directory.
 func (ip *InstallationProcess) Run() error {
 	ip.Server.Log().Debug("acquiring installation process lock")
 	if !ip.Server.installing.SwapIf(true) {
@@ -207,7 +205,7 @@ func (ip *InstallationProcess) Run() error {
 
 // Returns the location of the temporary data for the installation process.
 func (ip *InstallationProcess) tempDir() string {
-	return filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), "pterodactyl/", ip.Server.ID())
+	return filepath.Join(config.Get().System.TmpDirectory, ip.Server.ID())
 }
 
 // Writes the installation script to a temporary file on the host machine so that it
@@ -215,11 +213,11 @@ func (ip *InstallationProcess) tempDir() string {
 func (ip *InstallationProcess) writeScriptToDisk() error {
 	// Make sure the temp directory root exists before trying to make a directory within it. The
 	// ioutil.TempDir call expects this base to exist, it won't create it for you.
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(ip.tempDir(), 0700); err != nil {
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(ip.tempDir(), 0o700); err != nil {
 		return errors.WithMessage(err, "could not create temporary directory for install process")
 	}
 
-	f, err := os.OpenFile(filepath.Join(ip.tempDir(), "install.sh"), os.O_RDWR|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC, 0644)
+	f, err := os.OpenFile(filepath.Join(ip.tempDir(), "install.sh"), os.O_RDWR|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC, 0o644)
 	if err != nil {
 		return errors.WithMessage(err, "failed to write server installation script to disk before mount")
 	}
@@ -267,9 +265,9 @@ func (ip *InstallationProcess) pullInstallationImage() error {
 		imagePullOptions.RegistryAuth = b64
 	}
 
-	r, err := ip.client.ImagePull(context.Background(), ip.Script.ContainerImage, imagePullOptions)
+	r, err := ip.client.ImagePull(ip.Server.Context(), ip.Script.ContainerImage, imagePullOptions)
 	if err != nil {
-		images, ierr := ip.client.ImageList(context.Background(), types.ImageListOptions{})
+		images, ierr := ip.client.ImageList(ip.Server.Context(), types.ImageListOptions{})
 		if ierr != nil {
 			// Well damn, something has gone really wrong here, just go ahead and abort there
 			// isn't much anything we can do to try and self-recover from this.
@@ -312,9 +310,10 @@ func (ip *InstallationProcess) pullInstallationImage() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// Runs before the container is executed. This pulls down the required docker container image
+// BeforeExecute runs before the container is executed. This pulls down the
-// as well as writes the installation script to the disk. This process is executed in an async
+// required docker container image as well as writes the installation script to
-// manner, if either one fails the error is returned.
+// the disk. This process is executed in an async manner, if either one fails
+// the error is returned.
 func (ip *InstallationProcess) BeforeExecute() error {
 	if err := ip.writeScriptToDisk(); err != nil {
 		return errors.WithMessage(err, "failed to write installation script to disk")
@@ -340,7 +339,7 @@ func (ip *InstallationProcess) AfterExecute(containerId string) error {
 	defer ip.RemoveContainer()
 
 	ip.Server.Log().WithField("container_id", containerId).Debug("pulling installation logs for server")
-	reader, err := ip.client.ContainerLogs(ip.context, containerId, types.ContainerLogsOptions{
+	reader, err := ip.client.ContainerLogs(ip.Server.Context(), containerId, types.ContainerLogsOptions{
 		ShowStdout: true,
 		ShowStderr: true,
 		Follow:     false,
@@ -350,7 +349,7 @@ func (ip *InstallationProcess) AfterExecute(containerId string) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	f, err := os.OpenFile(ip.GetLogPath(), os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC, 0600)
+	f, err := os.OpenFile(ip.GetLogPath(), os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC, 0o600)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -395,12 +394,13 @@ func (ip *InstallationProcess) AfterExecute(containerId string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// Executes the installation process inside a specially created docker container.
+// Execute executes the installation process inside a specially created docker
+// container.
 func (ip *InstallationProcess) Execute() (string, error) {
 	// Create a child context that is canceled once this function is done running. This
 	// will also be canceled if the parent context (from the Server struct) is canceled
 	// which occurs if the server is deleted.
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ip.context)
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ip.Server.Context())
 	defer cancel()
 
 	conf := &container.Config{
@@ -450,6 +450,7 @@ func (ip *InstallationProcess) Execute() (string, error) {
 		},
 		Privileged:  true,
 		NetworkMode: container.NetworkMode(config.Get().Docker.Network.Mode),
+		UsernsMode:  container.UsernsMode(config.Get().Docker.UsernsMode),
 	}
 
 	// Ensure the root directory for the server exists properly before attempting
@@ -507,26 +508,19 @@ func (ip *InstallationProcess) Execute() (string, error) {
 	return r.ID, nil
 }
 
-// Streams the output of the installation process to a log file in the server configuration
+// StreamOutput streams the output of the installation process to a log file in
-// directory, as well as to a websocket listener so that the process can be viewed in
+// the server configuration directory, as well as to a websocket listener so
-// the panel by administrators.
+// that the process can be viewed in the panel by administrators.
 func (ip *InstallationProcess) StreamOutput(ctx context.Context, id string) error {
-	reader, err := ip.client.ContainerLogs(ctx, id, types.ContainerLogsOptions{
+	opts := types.ContainerLogsOptions{ShowStdout: true, ShowStderr: true, Follow: true}
-		ShowStdout: true,
+	reader, err := ip.client.ContainerLogs(ctx, id, opts)
-		ShowStderr: true,
-		Follow:     true,
-	})
-
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	defer reader.Close()
 
-	evts := ip.Server.Events()
+	err = system.ScanReader(reader, ip.Server.Sink(system.InstallSink).Push)
-	err = system.ScanReader(reader, func(line string) {
+	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
-		evts.Publish(InstallOutputEvent, line)
-	})
-	if err != nil {
 		ip.Server.Log().WithFields(log.Fields{"container_id": id, "error": err}).Warn("error processing install output lines")
 	}
 	return nil

server/listeners.go

@@ -1,16 +1,18 @@
 package server
 
 import (
-	"encoding/json"
+	"bytes"
 	"regexp"
 	"strconv"
 	"sync"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/apex/log"
 
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/environment"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/events"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/environment"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/remote"
 )
 
@@ -45,132 +47,133 @@ func (dsl *diskSpaceLimiter) Reset() {
 func (dsl *diskSpaceLimiter) Trigger() {
 	dsl.o.Do(func() {
 		dsl.server.PublishConsoleOutputFromDaemon("Server is exceeding the assigned disk space limit, stopping process now.")
-		if err := dsl.server.Environment.WaitForStop(60, true); err != nil {
+		if err := dsl.server.Environment.WaitForStop(dsl.server.Context(), time.Minute, true); err != nil {
 			dsl.server.Log().WithField("error", err).Error("failed to stop server after exceeding space limit!")
 		}
 	})
 }
 
-// StartEventListeners adds all the internal event listeners we want to use for a server. These listeners can only be
+// processConsoleOutputEvent handles output from a server's Docker container
-// removed by deleting the server as they should last for the duration of the process' lifetime.
+// and runs through different limiting logic to ensure that spam console output
+// does not cause negative effects to the system. This will also monitor the
+// output lines to determine if the server is started yet, and if the output is
+// not being throttled, will send the data over to the websocket.
+func (s *Server) processConsoleOutputEvent(v []byte) {
+	// Always process the console output, but do this in a seperate thread since we
+	// don't really care about side-effects from this call, and don't want it to block
+	// the console sending logic.
+	go s.onConsoleOutput(v)
+
+	// If the console is being throttled, do nothing else with it, we don't want
+	// to waste time. This code previously terminated server instances after violating
+	// different throttle limits. That code was clunky and difficult to reason about,
+	// in addition to being a consistent pain point for users.
+	//
+	// In the interest of building highly efficient software, that code has been removed
+	// here, and we'll rely on the host to detect bad actors through their own means.
+	if !s.Throttler().Allow() {
+		return
+	}
+
+	s.Sink(system.LogSink).Push(v)
+}
+
+// StartEventListeners adds all the internal event listeners we want to use for
+// a server. These listeners can only be removed by deleting the server as they
+// should last for the duration of the process' lifetime.
 func (s *Server) StartEventListeners() {
-	console := func(e events.Event) {
+	c := make(chan []byte, 8)
-		t := s.Throttler()
+	limit := newDiskLimiter(s)
-		err := t.Increment(func() {
-			s.PublishConsoleOutputFromDaemon("Your server is outputting too much data and is being throttled.")
-		})
-
-		// An error is only returned if the server has breached the thresholds set.
-		if err != nil {
-			// If the process is already stopping, just let it continue with that action rather than attempting
-			// to terminate again.
-			if s.Environment.State() != environment.ProcessStoppingState {
-				s.Environment.SetState(environment.ProcessStoppingState)
-
-				go func() {
-					s.Log().Warn("stopping server instance, violating throttle limits")
-					s.PublishConsoleOutputFromDaemon("Your server is being stopped for outputting too much data in a short period of time.")
-
-					// Completely skip over server power actions and terminate the running instance. This gives the
-					// server 15 seconds to finish stopping gracefully before it is forcefully terminated.
-					if err := s.Environment.WaitForStop(config.Get().Throttles.StopGracePeriod, true); err != nil {
-						// If there is an error set the process back to running so that this throttler is called
-						// again and hopefully kills the server.
-						if s.Environment.State() != environment.ProcessOfflineState {
-							s.Environment.SetState(environment.ProcessRunningState)
-						}
-
-						s.Log().WithField("error", err).Error("failed to terminate environment after triggering throttle")
-					}
-				}()
-			}
-		}
-
-		// If we are not throttled, go ahead and output the data.
-		if !t.Throttled() {
-			s.Events().Publish(ConsoleOutputEvent, e.Data)
-		}
-
-		// Also pass the data along to the console output channel.
-		s.onConsoleOutput(e.Data)
-	}
-
-	l := newDiskLimiter(s)
-	state := func(e events.Event) {
-		// Reset the throttler when the process is started.
-		if e.Data == environment.ProcessStartingState {
-			l.Reset()
-			s.Throttler().Reset()
-		}
-
-		s.OnStateChange()
-	}
-
-	stats := func(e events.Event) {
-		var st environment.Stats
-		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(e.Data), &st); err != nil {
-			s.Log().WithField("error", err).Warn("failed to unmarshal server environment stats")
-			return
-		}
-
-		// Update the server resource tracking object with the resources we got here.
-		s.resources.mu.Lock()
-		s.resources.Stats = st
-		s.resources.mu.Unlock()
-
-		// If there is no disk space available at this point, trigger the server disk limiter logic
-		// which will start to stop the running instance.
-		if !s.Filesystem().HasSpaceAvailable(true) {
-			l.Trigger()
-		}
-
-		s.emitProcUsage()
-	}
-
-	docker := func(e events.Event) {
-		if e.Topic == environment.DockerImagePullStatus {
-			s.Events().Publish(InstallOutputEvent, e.Data)
-		} else if e.Topic == environment.DockerImagePullStarted {
-			s.PublishConsoleOutputFromDaemon("Pulling Docker container image, this could take a few minutes to complete...")
-		} else {
-			s.PublishConsoleOutputFromDaemon("Finished pulling Docker container image")
-		}
-	}
 
 	s.Log().Debug("registering event listeners: console, state, resources...")
-	s.Environment.Events().On(environment.ConsoleOutputEvent, &console)
+	s.Environment.Events().On(c)
-	s.Environment.Events().On(environment.StateChangeEvent, &state)
+	s.Environment.SetLogCallback(s.processConsoleOutputEvent)
-	s.Environment.Events().On(environment.ResourceEvent, &stats)
+
-	for _, evt := range dockerEvents {
+	go func() {
-		s.Environment.Events().On(evt, &docker)
+		for {
-	}
+			select {
+			case v := <-c:
+				go func(v []byte, limit *diskSpaceLimiter) {
+					var e events.Event
+					if err := events.DecodeTo(v, &e); err != nil {
+						return
+					}
+					switch e.Topic {
+					case environment.ResourceEvent:
+						{
+							var stats struct {
+								Topic string
+								Data  environment.Stats
+							}
+							if err := events.DecodeTo(v, &stats); err != nil {
+								s.Log().WithField("error", err).Warn("failed to decode server resource event")
+								return
+							}
+							s.resources.UpdateStats(stats.Data)
+							// If there is no disk space available at this point, trigger the server
+							// disk limiter logic which will start to stop the running instance.
+							if !s.Filesystem().HasSpaceAvailable(true) {
+								limit.Trigger()
+							}
+							s.Events().Publish(StatsEvent, s.Proc())
+						}
+					case environment.StateChangeEvent:
+						{
+							// Reset the throttler when the process is started.
+							if e.Data == environment.ProcessStartingState {
+								limit.Reset()
+								s.Throttler().Reset()
+							}
+							s.OnStateChange()
+						}
+					case environment.DockerImagePullStatus:
+						s.Events().Publish(InstallOutputEvent, e.Data)
+					case environment.DockerImagePullStarted:
+						s.PublishConsoleOutputFromDaemon("Pulling Docker container image, this could take a few minutes to complete...")
+					case environment.DockerImagePullCompleted:
+						s.PublishConsoleOutputFromDaemon("Finished pulling Docker container image")
+					default:
+					}
+				}(v, limit)
+			case <-s.Context().Done():
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	}()
 }
 
 var stripAnsiRegex = regexp.MustCompile("[\u001B\u009B][[\\]()#;?]*(?:(?:(?:[a-zA-Z\\d]*(?:;[a-zA-Z\\d]*)*)?\u0007)|(?:(?:\\d{1,4}(?:;\\d{0,4})*)?[\\dA-PRZcf-ntqry=><~]))")
 
 // Custom listener for console output events that will check if the given line
 // of output matches one that should mark the server as started or not.
-func (s *Server) onConsoleOutput(data string) {
+func (s *Server) onConsoleOutput(data []byte) {
-	// Get the server's process configuration.
+	if s.Environment.State() != environment.ProcessStartingState && !s.IsRunning() {
+		return
+	}
+
 	processConfiguration := s.ProcessConfiguration()
 
+	// Make a copy of the data provided since it is by reference, otherwise you'll
+	// potentially introduce a race condition by modifying the value.
+	v := make([]byte, len(data))
+	copy(v, data)
+
 	// Check if the server is currently starting.
 	if s.Environment.State() == environment.ProcessStartingState {
 		// Check if we should strip ansi color codes.
 		if processConfiguration.Startup.StripAnsi {
-			// Strip ansi color codes from the data string.
+			v = stripAnsiRegex.ReplaceAll(v, []byte(""))
-			data = stripAnsiRegex.ReplaceAllString(data, "")
 		}
 
 		// Iterate over all the done lines.
 		for _, l := range processConfiguration.Startup.Done {
-			if !l.Matches(data) {
+			if !l.Matches(v) {
 				continue
 			}
 
 			s.Log().WithFields(log.Fields{
 				"match":   l.String(),
-				"against": strconv.QuoteToASCII(data),
+				"against": strconv.QuoteToASCII(string(v)),
 			}).Debug("detected server in running state based on console line output")
 
 			// If the specific line of output is one that would mark the server as started,
@@ -187,7 +190,7 @@ func (s *Server) onConsoleOutput(data string) {
 	if s.IsRunning() {
 		stop := processConfiguration.Stop
 
-		if stop.Type == remote.ProcessStopCommand && data == stop.Value {
+		if stop.Type == remote.ProcessStopCommand && bytes.Equal(v, []byte(stop.Value)) {
 			s.Environment.SetState(environment.ProcessOfflineState)
 		}
 	}

server/manager.go

@@ -2,12 +2,9 @@ package server
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
@@ -15,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"github.com/apex/log"
 	"github.com/gammazero/workerpool"
+	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
 
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/environment"
@@ -24,16 +22,18 @@ import (
 )
 
 type Manager struct {
-	mu      sync.RWMutex
+	mu                    sync.RWMutex
-	client  remote.Client
+	client                remote.Client
-	servers []*Server
+	skipVhdInitialization bool
+	servers               []*Server
 }
 
 // NewManager returns a new server manager instance. This will boot up all the
 // servers that are currently present on the filesystem and set them into the
 // manager.
-func NewManager(ctx context.Context, client remote.Client) (*Manager, error) {
+func NewManager(ctx context.Context, client remote.Client, skipVhdInit bool) (*Manager, error) {
 	m := NewEmptyManager(client)
+	m.skipVhdInitialization = skipVhdInit
 	if err := m.init(ctx); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -53,6 +53,24 @@ func (m *Manager) Client() remote.Client {
 	return m.client
 }
 
+// Len returns the count of servers stored in the manager instance.
+func (m *Manager) Len() int {
+	m.mu.RLock()
+	defer m.mu.RUnlock()
+	return len(m.servers)
+}
+
+// Keys returns all of the server UUIDs stored in the manager set.
+func (m *Manager) Keys() []string {
+	m.mu.RLock()
+	defer m.mu.RUnlock()
+	keys := make([]string, len(m.servers))
+	for i, s := range m.servers {
+		keys[i] = s.ID()
+	}
+	return keys
+}
+
 // Put replaces all the current values in the collection with the value that
 // is passed through.
 func (m *Manager) Put(s []*Server) {
@@ -137,7 +155,7 @@ func (m *Manager) PersistStates() error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return errors.WithStack(err)
 	}
-	if err := ioutil.WriteFile(config.Get().System.GetStatesPath(), data, 0644); err != nil {
+	if err := os.WriteFile(config.Get().System.GetStatesPath(), data, 0o644); err != nil {
 		return errors.WithStack(err)
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -145,7 +163,7 @@ func (m *Manager) PersistStates() error {
 
 // ReadStates returns the state of the servers.
 func (m *Manager) ReadStates() (map[string]string, error) {
-	f, err := os.OpenFile(config.Get().System.GetStatesPath(), os.O_RDONLY|os.O_CREATE, 0644)
+	f, err := os.OpenFile(config.Get().System.GetStatesPath(), os.O_RDONLY|os.O_CREATE, 0o644)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.WithStack(err)
 	}
@@ -167,7 +185,7 @@ func (m *Manager) ReadStates() (map[string]string, error) {
 // InitServer initializes a server using a data byte array. This will be
 // marshaled into the given struct using a YAML marshaler. This will also
 // configure the given environment for a server.
-func (m *Manager) InitServer(data remote.ServerConfigurationResponse) (*Server, error) {
+func (m *Manager) InitServer(ctx context.Context, data remote.ServerConfigurationResponse) (*Server, error) {
 	s, err := New(m.client)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -179,7 +197,15 @@ func (m *Manager) InitServer(data remote.ServerConfigurationResponse) (*Server,
 		return nil, errors.WithStackIf(err)
 	}
 
-	s.fs = filesystem.New(filepath.Join(config.Get().System.Data, s.ID()), s.DiskSpace(), s.Config().Egg.FileDenylist)
+	s.fs = filesystem.New(s.ID(), s.DiskSpace(), s.Config().Egg.FileDenylist)
+	// If this is a virtual filesystem we need to go ahead and mount the disk
+	// so that everything is accessible.
+	if s.fs.IsVirtual() && !m.skipVhdInitialization {
+		log.WithField("server", s.ID()).Info("mounting virtual disk for server")
+		if err := s.fs.MountDisk(ctx); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
 
 	// Right now we only support a Docker based environment, so I'm going to hard code
 	// this logic in. When we're ready to support other environment we'll need to make
@@ -200,7 +226,6 @@ func (m *Manager) InitServer(data remote.ServerConfigurationResponse) (*Server,
 	} else {
 		s.Environment = env
 		s.StartEventListeners()
-		s.Throttler().StartTimer(s.Context())
 	}
 
 	// If the server's data directory exists, force disk usage calculation.
@@ -242,7 +267,7 @@ func (m *Manager) init(ctx context.Context) error {
 				log.WithField("server", data.Uuid).WithField("error", err).Error("failed to parse server configuration from API response, skipping...")
 				return
 			}
-			s, err := m.InitServer(d)
+			s, err := m.InitServer(ctx, d)
 			if err != nil {
 				log.WithField("server", data.Uuid).WithField("error", err).Error("failed to load server, skipping...")
 				return

server/power.go

@@ -2,11 +2,12 @@ package server
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"time"
 
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
-	"golang.org/x/sync/semaphore"
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
 
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/environment"
@@ -40,19 +41,10 @@ func (pa PowerAction) IsStart() bool {
 	return pa == PowerActionStart || pa == PowerActionRestart
 }
 
-// ExecutingPowerAction checks if there is currently a power action being processed for the server.
+// ExecutingPowerAction checks if there is currently a power action being
+// processed for the server.
 func (s *Server) ExecutingPowerAction() bool {
-	if s.powerLock == nil {
+	return s.powerLock.IsLocked()
-		return false
-	}
-
-	ok := s.powerLock.TryAcquire(1)
-	if ok {
-		s.powerLock.Release(1)
-	}
-
-	// Remember, if we acquired a lock it means nothing was running.
-	return !ok
 }
 
 // HandlePowerAction is a helper function that can receive a power action and then process the
@@ -63,22 +55,29 @@ func (s *Server) ExecutingPowerAction() bool {
 // function rather than making direct calls to the start/stop/restart functions on the
 // environment struct.
 func (s *Server) HandlePowerAction(action PowerAction, waitSeconds ...int) error {
-	if s.IsInstalling() {
+	if s.IsInstalling() || s.IsTransferring() || s.IsRestoring() {
+		if s.IsRestoring() {
+			return ErrServerIsRestoring
+		} else if s.IsTransferring() {
+			return ErrServerIsTransferring
+		}
 		return ErrServerIsInstalling
 	}
 
-	if s.IsTransferring() {
+	lockId, _ := uuid.NewUUID()
-		return ErrServerIsTransferring
+	log := s.Log().WithField("lock_id", lockId.String()).WithField("action", action)
+
+	cleanup := func() {
+		log.Info("releasing exclusive lock for power action")
+		s.powerLock.Release()
 	}
 
-	if s.IsRestoring() {
+	var wait int
-		return ErrServerIsRestoring
+	if len(waitSeconds) > 0 && waitSeconds[0] > 0 {
-	}
+		wait = waitSeconds[0]
-
-	if s.powerLock == nil {
-		s.powerLock = semaphore.NewWeighted(1)
 	}
 
+	log.WithField("wait_seconds", wait).Debug("acquiring power action lock for instance")
 	// Only attempt to acquire a lock on the process if this is not a termination event. We want to
 	// just allow those events to pass right through for good reason. If a server is currently trying
 	// to process a power action but has gotten stuck you still should be able to pass through the
@@ -87,33 +86,38 @@ func (s *Server) HandlePowerAction(action PowerAction, waitSeconds ...int) error
 	if action != PowerActionTerminate {
 		// Determines if we should wait for the lock or not. If a value greater than 0 is passed
 		// into this function we will wait that long for a lock to be acquired.
-		if len(waitSeconds) > 0 && waitSeconds[0] != 0 {
+		if wait > 0 {
-			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second*time.Duration(waitSeconds[0]))
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(s.ctx, time.Second*time.Duration(wait))
 			defer cancel()
 
 			// Attempt to acquire a lock on the power action lock for up to 30 seconds. If more
 			// time than that passes an error will be propagated back up the chain and this
 			// request will be aborted.
-			if err := s.powerLock.Acquire(ctx, 1); err != nil {
+			if err := s.powerLock.TryAcquire(ctx); err != nil {
-				return errors.WithMessage(err, "could not acquire lock on power state")
+				return errors.Wrap(err, fmt.Sprintf("could not acquire lock on power action after %d seconds", wait))
 			}
 		} else {
 			// If no wait duration was provided we will attempt to immediately acquire the lock
 			// and bail out with a context deadline error if it is not acquired immediately.
-			if ok := s.powerLock.TryAcquire(1); !ok {
+			if err := s.powerLock.Acquire(); err != nil {
-				return errors.WithMessage(context.DeadlineExceeded, "could not acquire lock on power state")
+				return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to acquire exclusive lock for power actions")
 			}
 		}
 
-		// Release the lock once the process being requested has finished executing.
+		log.Info("acquired exclusive lock on power actions, processing event...")
-		defer s.powerLock.Release(1)
+		defer cleanup()
 	} else {
-		// Still try to acquire the lock if terminating, and it is available, just so that other power
+		// Still try to acquire the lock if terminating, and it is available, just so that
-		// actions are blocked until it has completed. However, if it is unavailable we won't stop
+		// other power actions are blocked until it has completed. However, if it cannot be
-		// the entire process.
+		// acquired we won't stop the entire process.
-		if ok := s.powerLock.TryAcquire(1); ok {
+		//
-			// If we managed to acquire the lock be sure to released it once this process is completed.
+		// If we did successfully acquire the lock, make sure we release it once we're done
-			defer s.powerLock.Release(1)
+		// executiong the power actions.
+		if err := s.powerLock.Acquire(); err == nil {
+			log.Info("acquired exclusive lock on power actions, processing event...")
+			defer cleanup()
+		} else {
+			log.Warn("failed to acquire exclusive lock, ignoring failure for termination event")
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -130,11 +134,11 @@ func (s *Server) HandlePowerAction(action PowerAction, waitSeconds ...int) error
 
 		return s.Environment.Start(s.Context())
 	case PowerActionStop:
-		// We're specifically waiting for the process to be stopped here, otherwise the lock is released
+		fallthrough
-		// too soon, and you can rack up all sorts of issues.
-		return s.Environment.WaitForStop(10*60, true)
 	case PowerActionRestart:
-		if err := s.Environment.WaitForStop(10*60, true); err != nil {
+		// We're specifically waiting for the process to be stopped here, otherwise the lock is
+		// released too soon, and you can rack up all sorts of issues.
+		if err := s.Environment.WaitForStop(s.Context(), time.Minute*10, true); err != nil {
 			// Even timeout errors should be bubbled back up the stack. If the process didn't stop
 			// nicely, but the terminate argument was passed then the server is stopped without an
 			// error being returned.
@@ -146,6 +150,10 @@ func (s *Server) HandlePowerAction(action PowerAction, waitSeconds ...int) error
 			return err
 		}
 
+		if action == PowerActionStop {
+			return nil
+		}
+
 		// Now actually try to start the process by executing the normal pre-boot logic.
 		if err := s.onBeforeStart(); err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -153,7 +161,7 @@ func (s *Server) HandlePowerAction(action PowerAction, waitSeconds ...int) error
 
 		return s.Environment.Start(s.Context())
 	case PowerActionTerminate:
-		return s.Environment.Terminate(os.Kill)
+		return s.Environment.Terminate(s.Context(), os.Kill)
 	}
 
 	return errors.New("attempting to handle unknown power action")
@@ -194,15 +202,19 @@ func (s *Server) onBeforeStart() error {
 	// we don't need to actively do anything about it at this point, worse comes to worst the
 	// server starts in a weird state and the user can manually adjust.
 	s.PublishConsoleOutputFromDaemon("Updating process configuration files...")
+	s.Log().Debug("updating server configuration files...")
 	s.UpdateConfigurationFiles()
+	s.Log().Debug("updated server configuration files")
 
 	if config.Get().System.CheckPermissionsOnBoot {
 		s.PublishConsoleOutputFromDaemon("Ensuring file permissions are set correctly, this could take a few seconds...")
 		// Ensure all the server file permissions are set correctly before booting the process.
+		s.Log().Debug("chowning server root directory...")
 		if err := s.Filesystem().Chown("/"); err != nil {
 			return errors.WithMessage(err, "failed to chown root server directory during pre-boot process")
 		}
 	}
 
+	s.Log().Info("completed server preflight, starting boot process...")
 	return nil
 }

server/power_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	. "github.com/franela/goblin"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
+)
+
+func TestPower(t *testing.T) {
+	g := Goblin(t)
+
+	g.Describe("Server#ExecutingPowerAction", func() {
+		g.It("should return based on locker status", func() {
+			s := &Server{powerLock: system.NewLocker()}
+
+			g.Assert(s.ExecutingPowerAction()).IsFalse()
+			s.powerLock.Acquire()
+			g.Assert(s.ExecutingPowerAction()).IsTrue()
+		})
+	})
+}

server/resources.go

@@ -38,6 +38,13 @@ func (s *Server) Proc() ResourceUsage {
 	return s.resources
 }
 
+// UpdateStats updates the current stats for the server's resource usage.
+func (ru *ResourceUsage) UpdateStats(stats environment.Stats) {
+	ru.mu.Lock()
+	ru.Stats = stats
+	ru.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
 // Reset resets the usages values to zero, used when a server is stopped to ensure we don't hold
 // onto any values incorrectly.
 func (ru *ResourceUsage) Reset() {
@@ -50,9 +57,3 @@ func (ru *ResourceUsage) Reset() {
 	ru.Network.TxBytes = 0
 	ru.Network.RxBytes = 0
 }
-
-func (s *Server) emitProcUsage() {
-	if err := s.Events().PublishJson(StatsEvent, s.Proc()); err != nil {
-		s.Log().WithField("error", err).Warn("error while emitting server resource usage to listeners")
-	}
-}

server/server.go

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package server
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
@@ -12,7 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"github.com/apex/log"
 	"github.com/creasty/defaults"
-	"golang.org/x/sync/semaphore"
+	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
 
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/environment"
@@ -31,9 +30,8 @@ type Server struct {
 	ctx       context.Context
 	ctxCancel *context.CancelFunc
 
-	emitterLock  sync.Mutex
+	emitterLock sync.Mutex
-	powerLock    *semaphore.Weighted
+	powerLock   *system.Locker
-	throttleOnce sync.Once
 
 	// Maintains the configuration for the server. This is the data that gets returned by the Panel
 	// such as build settings and container images.
@@ -49,7 +47,7 @@ type Server struct {
 	fs *filesystem.Filesystem
 
 	// Events emitted by the server instance.
-	emitter *events.EventBus
+	emitter *events.Bus
 
 	// Defines the process configuration for the server instance. This is dynamically
 	// fetched from the Pterodactyl Server instance each time the server process is
@@ -65,11 +63,17 @@ type Server struct {
 	restoring    *system.AtomicBool
 
 	// The console throttler instance used to control outputs.
-	throttler *ConsoleThrottler
+	throttler    *ConsoleThrottle
+	throttleOnce sync.Once
 
 	// Tracks open websocket connections for the server.
 	wsBag       *WebsocketBag
 	wsBagLocker sync.Mutex
+
+	sinks map[system.SinkName]*system.SinkPool
+
+	logSink     *system.SinkPool
+	installSink *system.SinkPool
 }
 
 // New returns a new server instance with a context and all of the default
@@ -83,6 +87,11 @@ func New(client remote.Client) (*Server, error) {
 		installing:   system.NewAtomicBool(false),
 		transferring: system.NewAtomicBool(false),
 		restoring:    system.NewAtomicBool(false),
+		powerLock:    system.NewLocker(),
+		sinks: map[system.SinkName]*system.SinkPool{
+			system.LogSink:     system.NewSinkPool(),
+			system.InstallSink: system.NewSinkPool(),
+		},
 	}
 	if err := defaults.Set(&s); err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "server: could not set default values for struct")
@@ -94,6 +103,17 @@ func New(client remote.Client) (*Server, error) {
 	return &s, nil
 }
 
+// CleanupForDestroy stops all running background tasks for this server that are
+// using the context on the server struct. This will cancel any running install
+// processes for the server as well.
+func (s *Server) CleanupForDestroy() {
+	s.CtxCancel()
+	s.Events().Destroy()
+	s.DestroyAllSinks()
+	s.Websockets().CancelAll()
+	s.powerLock.Destroy()
+}
+
 // ID returns the UUID for the server instance.
 func (s *Server) ID() string {
 	return s.Config().GetUuid()
@@ -159,6 +179,8 @@ func (s *Server) Log() *log.Entry {
 //
 // This also means mass actions can be performed against servers on the Panel
 // and they will automatically sync with Wings when the server is started.
+//
+// TODO: accept a context value rather than using the server's context.
 func (s *Server) Sync() error {
 	cfg, err := s.client.GetServerConfiguration(s.Context(), s.ID())
 	if err != nil {
@@ -174,7 +196,9 @@ func (s *Server) Sync() error {
 
 	// Update the disk space limits for the server whenever the configuration for
 	// it changes.
-	s.fs.SetDiskLimit(s.DiskSpace())
+	if err := s.fs.SetDiskLimit(s.Context(), s.DiskSpace()); err != nil {
+		return errors.WrapIf(err, "server: failed to sync server configuration from API")
+	}
 
 	s.SyncWithEnvironment()
 
@@ -219,14 +243,6 @@ func (s *Server) ReadLogfile(len int) ([]string, error) {
 	return s.Environment.Readlog(len)
 }
 
-// Determine if the server is bootable in it's current state or not. This will not
-// indicate why a server is not bootable, only if it is.
-func (s *Server) IsBootable() bool {
-	exists, _ := s.Environment.Exists()
-
-	return exists
-}
-
 // Initializes a server instance. This will run through and ensure that the environment
 // for the server is setup, and that all of the necessary files are created.
 func (s *Server) CreateEnvironment() error {
@@ -293,7 +309,7 @@ func (s *Server) OnStateChange() {
 	// views in the Panel correctly display 0.
 	if st == environment.ProcessOfflineState {
 		s.resources.Reset()
-		s.emitProcUsage()
+		s.Events().Publish(StatsEvent, s.Proc())
 	}
 
 	// If server was in an online state, and is now in an offline state we should handle

server/update.go

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package server
 
 import (
+	"time"
+
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/environment/docker"
 
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/environment"
@@ -58,7 +60,7 @@ func (s *Server) SyncWithEnvironment() {
 			s.Log().Info("server suspended with running process state, terminating now")
 
 			go func(s *Server) {
-				if err := s.Environment.WaitForStop(60, true); err != nil {
+				if err := s.Environment.WaitForStop(s.Context(), time.Minute, true); err != nil {
 					s.Log().WithField("error", err).Warn("failed to terminate server environment after suspension")
 				}
 			}(s)

server/websockets.go

@@ -52,8 +52,7 @@ func (w *WebsocketBag) CancelAll() {
 
 	if w.conns != nil {
 		for _, cancel := range w.conns {
-			c := *cancel
+			(*cancel)()
-			c()
 		}
 	}
 

sftp/event.go

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+package sftp
+
+import (
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/database"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/models"
+)
+
+type eventHandler struct {
+	ip     string
+	user   string
+	server string
+}
+
+type FileAction struct {
+	// Entity is the targeted file or directory (depending on the event) that the action
+	// is being performed _against_, such as "/foo/test.txt". This will always be the full
+	// path to the element.
+	Entity string
+	// Target is an optional (often blank) field that only has a value in it when the event
+	// is specifically modifying the entity, such as a rename or move event. In that case
+	// the Target field will be the final value, such as "/bar/new.txt"
+	Target string
+}
+
+// Log parses a SFTP specific file activity event and then passes it off to be stored
+// in the normal activity database.
+func (eh *eventHandler) Log(e models.Event, fa FileAction) error {
+	metadata := map[string]interface{}{
+		"files": []string{fa.Entity},
+	}
+	if fa.Target != "" {
+		metadata["files"] = []map[string]string{
+			{"from": fa.Entity, "to": fa.Target},
+		}
+	}
+
+	a := models.Activity{
+		Server:   eh.server,
+		Event:    e,
+		Metadata: metadata,
+		IP:       eh.ip,
+	}
+
+	if tx := database.Instance().Create(a.SetUser(eh.user)); tx.Error != nil {
+		return errors.WithStack(tx.Error)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// MustLog is a wrapper around log that will trigger a fatal error and exit the application
+// if an error is encountered during the logging of the event.
+func (eh *eventHandler) MustLog(e models.Event, fa FileAction) {
+	if err := eh.Log(e, fa); err != nil {
+		log.WithField("error", errors.WithStack(err)).WithField("event", e).Error("sftp: failed to log event")
+	}
+}

sftp/handler.go

@@ -27,32 +27,40 @@ const (
 )
 
 type Handler struct {
-	mu sync.Mutex
+	mu          sync.Mutex
-
-	permissions []string
 	server      *server.Server
 	fs          *filesystem.Filesystem
+	events      *eventHandler
+	permissions []string
 	logger      *log.Entry
 	ro          bool
 }
 
-// Returns a new connection handler for the SFTP server. This allows a given user
+// NewHandler returns a new connection handler for the SFTP server. This allows a given user
 // to access the underlying filesystem.
-func NewHandler(sc *ssh.ServerConn, srv *server.Server) *Handler {
+func NewHandler(sc *ssh.ServerConn, srv *server.Server) (*Handler, error) {
+	uuid, ok := sc.Permissions.Extensions["user"]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, errors.New("sftp: mismatched Wings and Panel versions — Panel 1.10 is required for this version of Wings.")
+	}
+
+	events := eventHandler{
+		ip:     sc.RemoteAddr().String(),
+		user:   uuid,
+		server: srv.ID(),
+	}
+
 	return &Handler{
 		permissions: strings.Split(sc.Permissions.Extensions["permissions"], ","),
 		server:      srv,
 		fs:          srv.Filesystem(),
+		events:      &events,
 		ro:          config.Get().System.Sftp.ReadOnly,
-		logger: log.WithFields(log.Fields{
+		logger:      log.WithFields(log.Fields{"subsystem": "sftp", "user": uuid, "ip": sc.RemoteAddr()}),
-			"subsystem": "sftp",
+	}, nil
-			"username":  sc.User(),
-			"ip":        sc.RemoteAddr(),
-		}),
-	}
 }
 
-// Returns the sftp.Handlers for this struct.
+// Handlers returns the sftp.Handlers for this struct.
 func (h *Handler) Handlers() sftp.Handlers {
 	return sftp.Handlers{
 		FileGet:  h,
@@ -119,6 +127,14 @@ func (h *Handler) Filewrite(request *sftp.Request) (io.WriterAt, error) {
 		l.WithField("flags", request.Flags).WithField("error", err).Error("failed to open existing file on system")
 		return nil, sftp.ErrSSHFxFailure
 	}
+	// Chown may or may not have been called in the touch function, so always do
+	// it at this point to avoid the file being improperly owned.
+	_ = h.fs.Chown(request.Filepath)
+	event := server.ActivitySftpWrite
+	if permission == PermissionFileCreate {
+		event = server.ActivitySftpCreate
+	}
+	h.events.MustLog(event, FileAction{Entity: request.Filepath})
 	return f, nil
 }
 
@@ -142,12 +158,12 @@ func (h *Handler) Filecmd(request *sftp.Request) error {
 		}
 		mode := request.Attributes().FileMode().Perm()
 		// If the client passes an invalid FileMode just use the default 0644.
-		if mode == 0000 {
+		if mode == 0o000 {
-			mode = os.FileMode(0644)
+			mode = os.FileMode(0o644)
 		}
 		// Force directories to be 0755.
 		if request.Attributes().FileMode().IsDir() {
-			mode = 0755
+			mode = 0o755
 		}
 		if err := h.fs.Chmod(request.Filepath, mode); err != nil {
 			if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
@@ -169,6 +185,7 @@ func (h *Handler) Filecmd(request *sftp.Request) error {
 			l.WithField("error", err).Error("failed to rename file")
 			return sftp.ErrSSHFxFailure
 		}
+		h.events.MustLog(server.ActivitySftpRename, FileAction{Entity: request.Filepath, Target: request.Target})
 		break
 	// Handle deletion of a directory. This will properly delete all of the files and
 	// folders within that directory if it is not already empty (unlike a lot of SFTP
@@ -177,10 +194,12 @@ func (h *Handler) Filecmd(request *sftp.Request) error {
 		if !h.can(PermissionFileDelete) {
 			return sftp.ErrSSHFxPermissionDenied
 		}
-		if err := h.fs.Delete(request.Filepath); err != nil {
+		p := filepath.Clean(request.Filepath)
+		if err := h.fs.Delete(p); err != nil {
 			l.WithField("error", err).Error("failed to remove directory")
 			return sftp.ErrSSHFxFailure
 		}
+		h.events.MustLog(server.ActivitySftpDelete, FileAction{Entity: request.Filepath})
 		return sftp.ErrSSHFxOk
 	// Handle requests to create a new Directory.
 	case "Mkdir":
@@ -188,11 +207,12 @@ func (h *Handler) Filecmd(request *sftp.Request) error {
 			return sftp.ErrSSHFxPermissionDenied
 		}
 		name := strings.Split(filepath.Clean(request.Filepath), "/")
-		err := h.fs.CreateDirectory(name[len(name)-1], strings.Join(name[0:len(name)-1], "/"))
+		p := strings.Join(name[0:len(name)-1], "/")
-		if err != nil {
+		if err := h.fs.CreateDirectory(name[len(name)-1], p); err != nil {
 			l.WithField("error", err).Error("failed to create directory")
 			return sftp.ErrSSHFxFailure
 		}
+		h.events.MustLog(server.ActivitySftpCreateDirectory, FileAction{Entity: request.Filepath})
 		break
 	// Support creating symlinks between files. The source and target must resolve within
 	// the server home directory.
@@ -225,6 +245,7 @@ func (h *Handler) Filecmd(request *sftp.Request) error {
 			l.WithField("error", err).Error("failed to remove a file")
 			return sftp.ErrSSHFxFailure
 		}
+		h.events.MustLog(server.ActivitySftpDelete, FileAction{Entity: request.Filepath})
 		return sftp.ErrSSHFxOk
 	default:
 		return sftp.ErrSSHFxOpUnsupported
@@ -260,7 +281,6 @@ func (h *Handler) Filelist(request *sftp.Request) (sftp.ListerAt, error) {
 		files, err := ioutil.ReadDir(p)
 		if err != nil {
 			h.logger.WithField("source", request.Filepath).WithField("error", err).Error("error while listing directory")
-
 			return nil, sftp.ErrSSHFxFailure
 		}
 		return ListerAt(files), nil
@@ -285,15 +305,10 @@ func (h *Handler) can(permission string) bool {
 	if h.server.IsSuspended() {
 		return false
 	}
-
-	// SFTPServer owners and super admins have their permissions returned as '[*]' via the Panel
-	// API, so for the sake of speed do an initial check for that before iterating over the
-	// entire array of permissions.
-	if len(h.permissions) == 1 && h.permissions[0] == "*" {
-		return true
-	}
 	for _, p := range h.permissions {
-		if p == permission {
+		// If we match the permission specifically, or the user has been granted the "*"
+		// permission because they're an admin, let them through.
+		if p == permission || p == "*" {
 			return true
 		}
 	}

sftp/server.go

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import (
 	"crypto/x509"
 	"encoding/pem"
 	"io"
-	"io/ioutil"
 	"net"
 	"os"
 	"path"
@@ -59,7 +58,7 @@ func (c *SFTPServer) Run() error {
 	} else if err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "sftp: could not stat private key file")
 	}
-	pb, err := ioutil.ReadFile(c.PrivateKeyPath())
+	pb, err := os.ReadFile(c.PrivateKeyPath())
 	if err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "sftp: could not read private key file")
 	}
@@ -69,9 +68,14 @@ func (c *SFTPServer) Run() error {
 	}
 
 	conf := &ssh.ServerConfig{
-		NoClientAuth:     false,
+		NoClientAuth: false,
-		MaxAuthTries:     6,
+		MaxAuthTries: 6,
-		PasswordCallback: c.passwordCallback,
+		PasswordCallback: func(conn ssh.ConnMetadata, password []byte) (*ssh.Permissions, error) {
+			return c.makeCredentialsRequest(conn, remote.SftpAuthPassword, string(password))
+		},
+		PublicKeyCallback: func(conn ssh.ConnMetadata, key ssh.PublicKey) (*ssh.Permissions, error) {
+			return c.makeCredentialsRequest(conn, remote.SftpAuthPublicKey, string(ssh.MarshalAuthorizedKey(key)))
+		},
 	}
 	conf.AddHostKey(private)
 
@@ -87,19 +91,21 @@ func (c *SFTPServer) Run() error {
 		if conn, _ := listener.Accept(); conn != nil {
 			go func(conn net.Conn) {
 				defer conn.Close()
-				c.AcceptInbound(conn, conf)
+				if err := c.AcceptInbound(conn, conf); err != nil {
+					log.WithField("error", err).Error("sftp: failed to accept inbound connection")
+				}
 			}(conn)
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-// Handles an inbound connection to the instance and determines if we should serve the
+// AcceptInbound handles an inbound connection to the instance and determines if we should
-// request or not.
+// serve the request or not.
-func (c *SFTPServer) AcceptInbound(conn net.Conn, config *ssh.ServerConfig) {
+func (c *SFTPServer) AcceptInbound(conn net.Conn, config *ssh.ServerConfig) error {
 	// Before beginning a handshake must be performed on the incoming net.Conn
 	sconn, chans, reqs, err := ssh.NewServerConn(conn, config)
 	if err != nil {
-		return
+		return errors.WithStack(err)
 	}
 	defer sconn.Close()
 	go ssh.DiscardRequests(reqs)
@@ -145,11 +151,17 @@ func (c *SFTPServer) AcceptInbound(conn net.Conn, config *ssh.ServerConfig) {
 
 		// Spin up a SFTP server instance for the authenticated user's server allowing
 		// them access to the underlying filesystem.
-		handler := sftp.NewRequestServer(channel, NewHandler(sconn, srv).Handlers())
+		handler, err := NewHandler(sconn, srv)
-		if err := handler.Serve(); err == io.EOF {
+		if err != nil {
-			handler.Close()
+			return errors.WithStackIf(err)
+		}
+		rs := sftp.NewRequestServer(channel, handler.Handlers())
+		if err := rs.Serve(); err == io.EOF {
+			_ = rs.Close()
 		}
 	}
+
+	return nil
 }
 
 // Generates a new ED25519 private key that is used for host authentication when
@@ -159,10 +171,10 @@ func (c *SFTPServer) generateED25519PrivateKey() error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "sftp: failed to generate ED25519 private key")
 	}
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(path.Dir(c.PrivateKeyPath()), 0755); err != nil {
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(path.Dir(c.PrivateKeyPath()), 0o755); err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "sftp: could not create internal sftp data directory")
 	}
-	o, err := os.OpenFile(c.PrivateKeyPath(), os.O_RDWR|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC, 0600)
+	o, err := os.OpenFile(c.PrivateKeyPath(), os.O_RDWR|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC, 0o600)
 	if err != nil {
 		return errors.WithStack(err)
 	}
@@ -178,17 +190,17 @@ func (c *SFTPServer) generateED25519PrivateKey() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// A function capable of validating user credentials with the Panel API.
+func (c *SFTPServer) makeCredentialsRequest(conn ssh.ConnMetadata, t remote.SftpAuthRequestType, p string) (*ssh.Permissions, error) {
-func (c *SFTPServer) passwordCallback(conn ssh.ConnMetadata, pass []byte) (*ssh.Permissions, error) {
 	request := remote.SftpAuthRequest{
+		Type:          t,
 		User:          conn.User(),
-		Pass:          string(pass),
+		Pass:          p,
 		IP:            conn.RemoteAddr().String(),
 		SessionID:     conn.SessionID(),
 		ClientVersion: conn.ClientVersion(),
 	}
 
-	logger := log.WithFields(log.Fields{"subsystem": "sftp", "username": conn.User(), "ip": conn.RemoteAddr().String()})
+	logger := log.WithFields(log.Fields{"subsystem": "sftp", "method": request.Type, "username": request.User, "ip": request.IP})
 	logger.Debug("validating credentials for SFTP connection")
 
 	if !validUsernameRegexp.MatchString(request.User) {
@@ -207,18 +219,19 @@ func (c *SFTPServer) passwordCallback(conn ssh.ConnMetadata, pass []byte) (*ssh.
 	}
 
 	logger.WithField("server", resp.Server).Debug("credentials validated and matched to server instance")
-	sshPerm := &ssh.Permissions{
+	permissions := ssh.Permissions{
 		Extensions: map[string]string{
+			"ip":          conn.RemoteAddr().String(),
 			"uuid":        resp.Server,
-			"user":        conn.User(),
+			"user":        resp.User,
 			"permissions": strings.Join(resp.Permissions, ","),
 		},
 	}
 
-	return sshPerm, nil
+	return &permissions, nil
 }
 
 // PrivateKeyPath returns the path the host private key for this server instance.
 func (c *SFTPServer) PrivateKeyPath() string {
 	return path.Join(c.BasePath, ".sftp/id_ed25519")
-}
+}

sftp/utils.go

@@ -6,15 +6,15 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
-	// Extends the default SFTP server to return a quota exceeded error to the client.
+	// ErrSSHQuotaExceeded extends the default SFTP server to return a quota exceeded error to the client.
 	//
 	// @see https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-13.txt
-	ErrSSHQuotaExceeded = fxerr(15)
+	ErrSSHQuotaExceeded = fxErr(15)
 )
 
 type ListerAt []os.FileInfo
 
-// Returns the number of entries copied and an io.EOF error if we made it to the end of the file list.
+// ListAt returns the number of entries copied and an io.EOF error if we made it to the end of the file list.
 // Take a look at the pkg/sftp godoc for more information about how this function should work.
 func (l ListerAt) ListAt(f []os.FileInfo, offset int64) (int, error) {
 	if offset >= int64(len(l)) {
@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ func (l ListerAt) ListAt(f []os.FileInfo, offset int64) (int, error) {
 	}
 }
 
-type fxerr uint32
+type fxErr uint32
 
-func (e fxerr) Error() string {
+func (e fxErr) Error() string {
 	switch e {
 	case ErrSSHQuotaExceeded:
 		return "Quota Exceeded"

system/const.go

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
 package system
 
-var (
+var Version = "develop"
-	// The current version of this software.
-	Version = "0.0.1"
-)

system/locker.go

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+package system
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"sync"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+)
+
+var ErrLockerLocked = errors.Sentinel("locker: cannot acquire lock, already locked")
+
+type Locker struct {
+	mu sync.RWMutex
+	ch chan bool
+}
+
+// NewLocker returns a new Locker instance.
+func NewLocker() *Locker {
+	return &Locker{
+		ch: make(chan bool, 1),
+	}
+}
+
+// IsLocked returns the current state of the locker channel. If there is
+// currently a value in the channel, it is assumed to be locked.
+func (l *Locker) IsLocked() bool {
+	l.mu.RLock()
+	defer l.mu.RUnlock()
+	return len(l.ch) == 1
+}
+
+// Acquire will acquire the power lock if it is not currently locked. If it is
+// already locked, acquire will fail to acquire the lock, and will return false.
+func (l *Locker) Acquire() error {
+	l.mu.Lock()
+	defer l.mu.Unlock()
+	select {
+	case l.ch <- true:
+	default:
+		return ErrLockerLocked
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// TryAcquire will attempt to acquire a power-lock until the context provided
+// is canceled.
+func (l *Locker) TryAcquire(ctx context.Context) error {
+	select {
+	case l.ch <- true:
+		return nil
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) || errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
+				return ErrLockerLocked
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// Release will drain the locker channel so that we can properly re-acquire it
+// at a later time. If the channel is not currently locked this function is a
+// no-op and will immediately return.
+func (l *Locker) Release() {
+	l.mu.Lock()
+	select {
+	case <-l.ch:
+	default:
+	}
+	l.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+// Destroy cleans up the power locker by closing the channel.
+func (l *Locker) Destroy() {
+	l.mu.Lock()
+	if l.ch != nil {
+		select {
+		case <-l.ch:
+		default:
+		}
+		close(l.ch)
+	}
+	l.mu.Unlock()
+}

system/locker_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+package system
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	. "github.com/franela/goblin"
+)
+
+func TestPower(t *testing.T) {
+	g := Goblin(t)
+
+	g.Describe("Locker", func() {
+		var l *Locker
+		g.BeforeEach(func() {
+			l = NewLocker()
+		})
+
+		g.Describe("PowerLocker#IsLocked", func() {
+			g.It("should return false when the channel is empty", func() {
+				g.Assert(cap(l.ch)).Equal(1)
+				g.Assert(l.IsLocked()).IsFalse()
+			})
+
+			g.It("should return true when the channel is at capacity", func() {
+				l.ch <- true
+
+				g.Assert(l.IsLocked()).IsTrue()
+				<-l.ch
+				g.Assert(l.IsLocked()).IsFalse()
+
+				// We don't care what the channel value is, just that there is
+				// something in it.
+				l.ch <- false
+				g.Assert(l.IsLocked()).IsTrue()
+				g.Assert(cap(l.ch)).Equal(1)
+			})
+		})
+
+		g.Describe("PowerLocker#Acquire", func() {
+			g.It("should acquire a lock when channel is empty", func() {
+				err := l.Acquire()
+
+				g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+				g.Assert(cap(l.ch)).Equal(1)
+				g.Assert(len(l.ch)).Equal(1)
+			})
+
+			g.It("should return an error when the channel is full", func() {
+				l.ch <- true
+
+				err := l.Acquire()
+
+				g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+				g.Assert(errors.Is(err, ErrLockerLocked)).IsTrue()
+				g.Assert(cap(l.ch)).Equal(1)
+				g.Assert(len(l.ch)).Equal(1)
+			})
+		})
+
+		g.Describe("PowerLocker#TryAcquire", func() {
+			g.It("should acquire a lock when channel is empty", func() {
+				g.Timeout(time.Second)
+
+				err := l.TryAcquire(context.Background())
+
+				g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+				g.Assert(cap(l.ch)).Equal(1)
+				g.Assert(len(l.ch)).Equal(1)
+				g.Assert(l.IsLocked()).IsTrue()
+			})
+
+			g.It("should block until context is canceled if channel is full", func() {
+				g.Timeout(time.Second)
+				ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Millisecond*500)
+				defer cancel()
+
+				l.ch <- true
+				err := l.TryAcquire(ctx)
+
+				g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+				g.Assert(errors.Is(err, ErrLockerLocked)).IsTrue()
+				g.Assert(cap(l.ch)).Equal(1)
+				g.Assert(len(l.ch)).Equal(1)
+				g.Assert(l.IsLocked()).IsTrue()
+			})
+
+			g.It("should block until lock can be acquired", func() {
+				g.Timeout(time.Second)
+
+				ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Millisecond*200)
+				defer cancel()
+
+				l.Acquire()
+				go func() {
+					time.AfterFunc(time.Millisecond*50, func() {
+						l.Release()
+					})
+				}()
+
+				err := l.TryAcquire(ctx)
+				g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+				g.Assert(cap(l.ch)).Equal(1)
+				g.Assert(len(l.ch)).Equal(1)
+				g.Assert(l.IsLocked()).IsTrue()
+			})
+		})
+
+		g.Describe("PowerLocker#Release", func() {
+			g.It("should release when channel is full", func() {
+				l.Acquire()
+				g.Assert(l.IsLocked()).IsTrue()
+				l.Release()
+				g.Assert(cap(l.ch)).Equal(1)
+				g.Assert(len(l.ch)).Equal(0)
+				g.Assert(l.IsLocked()).IsFalse()
+			})
+
+			g.It("should release when channel is empty", func() {
+				g.Assert(l.IsLocked()).IsFalse()
+				l.Release()
+				g.Assert(cap(l.ch)).Equal(1)
+				g.Assert(len(l.ch)).Equal(0)
+				g.Assert(l.IsLocked()).IsFalse()
+			})
+		})
+
+		g.Describe("PowerLocker#Destroy", func() {
+			g.It("should unlock and close the channel", func() {
+				l.Acquire()
+				g.Assert(l.IsLocked()).IsTrue()
+				l.Destroy()
+				g.Assert(l.IsLocked()).IsFalse()
+
+				defer func() {
+					r := recover()
+
+					g.Assert(r).IsNotNil()
+					g.Assert(r.(error).Error()).Equal("send on closed channel")
+				}()
+
+				l.Acquire()
+			})
+		})
+	})
+}

system/rate.go

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+package system
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// Rate defines a rate limiter of n items (limit) per duration of time.
+type Rate struct {
+	mu       sync.Mutex
+	limit    uint64
+	duration time.Duration
+	count    uint64
+	last     time.Time
+}
+
+func NewRate(limit uint64, duration time.Duration) *Rate {
+	return &Rate{
+		limit:    limit,
+		duration: duration,
+		last:     time.Now(),
+	}
+}
+
+// Try returns true if under the rate limit defined, or false if the rate limit
+// has been exceeded for the current duration.
+func (r *Rate) Try() bool {
+	r.mu.Lock()
+	defer r.mu.Unlock()
+	now := time.Now()
+	// If it has been more than the duration, reset the timer and count.
+	if now.Sub(r.last) > r.duration {
+		r.count = 0
+		r.last = now
+	}
+	if (r.count + 1) > r.limit {
+		return false
+	}
+	// Hit this once, and return.
+	r.count = r.count + 1
+	return true
+}
+
+// Reset resets the internal state of the rate limiter back to zero.
+func (r *Rate) Reset() {
+	r.mu.Lock()
+	r.count = 0
+	r.last = time.Now()
+	r.mu.Unlock()
+}

system/rate_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+package system
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	. "github.com/franela/goblin"
+)
+
+func TestRate(t *testing.T) {
+	g := Goblin(t)
+
+	g.Describe("Rate", func() {
+		g.It("properly rate limits a bucket", func() {
+			r := NewRate(10, time.Millisecond*100)
+
+			for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
+				ok := r.Try()
+				if i < 10 && !ok {
+					g.Failf("should not have allowed take on try %d", i)
+				} else if i >= 10 && ok {
+					g.Failf("should have blocked take on try %d", i)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+
+		g.It("handles rate limiting in chunks", func() {
+			var out []int
+			r := NewRate(12, time.Millisecond*10)
+
+			for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
+				if i%20 == 0 {
+					// Give it time to recover.
+					time.Sleep(time.Millisecond * 10)
+				}
+				if r.Try() {
+					out = append(out, i)
+				}
+			}
+
+			g.Assert(len(out)).Equal(60)
+			g.Assert(out[0]).Equal(0)
+			g.Assert(out[12]).Equal(20)
+			g.Assert(out[len(out)-1]).Equal(91)
+		})
+
+		g.It("resets back to zero when called", func() {
+			r := NewRate(10, time.Second)
+			for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
+				if i%10 == 0 {
+					r.Reset()
+				}
+				g.Assert(r.Try()).IsTrue()
+			}
+			g.Assert(r.Try()).IsFalse("final attempt should not allow taking")
+		})
+	})
+}
+
+func BenchmarkRate_Try(b *testing.B) {
+	r := NewRate(10, time.Millisecond*100)
+
+	b.ReportAllocs()
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		r.Try()
+	}
+}

system/sink_pool.go

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+package system
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// SinkName represents one of the registered sinks for a server.
+type SinkName string
+
+const (
+	// LogSink handles console output for game servers, including messages being
+	// sent via Wings to the console instance.
+	LogSink SinkName = "log"
+	// InstallSink handles installation output for a server.
+	InstallSink SinkName = "install"
+)
+
+// SinkPool represents a pool with sinks.
+type SinkPool struct {
+	mu    sync.RWMutex
+	sinks []chan []byte
+}
+
+// NewSinkPool returns a new empty SinkPool. A sink pool generally lives with a
+// server instance for its full lifetime.
+func NewSinkPool() *SinkPool {
+	return &SinkPool{}
+}
+
+// On adds a channel to the sink pool instance.
+func (p *SinkPool) On(c chan []byte) {
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	p.sinks = append(p.sinks, c)
+	p.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+// Off removes a given channel from the sink pool. If no matching sink is found
+// this function is a no-op. If a matching channel is found, it will be removed.
+func (p *SinkPool) Off(c chan []byte) {
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	defer p.mu.Unlock()
+
+	sinks := p.sinks
+	for i, sink := range sinks {
+		if c != sink {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// We need to maintain the order of the sinks in the slice we're tracking,
+		// so shift everything to the left, rather than changing the order of the
+		// elements.
+		copy(sinks[i:], sinks[i+1:])
+		sinks[len(sinks)-1] = nil
+		sinks = sinks[:len(sinks)-1]
+		p.sinks = sinks
+
+		// Avoid a panic if the sink channel is nil at this point.
+		if c != nil {
+			close(c)
+		}
+
+		return
+	}
+}
+
+// Destroy destroys the pool by removing and closing all sinks and destroying
+// all of the channels that are present.
+func (p *SinkPool) Destroy() {
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	defer p.mu.Unlock()
+
+	for _, c := range p.sinks {
+		if c != nil {
+			close(c)
+		}
+	}
+
+	p.sinks = nil
+}
+
+// Push sends a given message to each of the channels registered in the pool.
+// This will use a Ring Buffer channel in order to avoid blocking the channel
+// sends, and attempt to push though the most recent messages in the queue in
+// favor of the oldest messages.
+//
+// If the channel becomes full and isn't being drained fast enough, this
+// function will remove the oldest message in the channel, and then push the
+// message that it got onto the end, effectively making the channel a rolling
+// buffer.
+//
+// There is a potential for data to be lost when passing it through this
+// function, but only in instances where the channel buffer is full and the
+// channel is not drained fast enough, in which case dropping messages is most
+// likely the best option anyways. This uses waitgroups to allow every channel
+// to attempt its send concurrently thus making the total blocking time of this
+// function "O(1)" instead of "O(n)".
+func (p *SinkPool) Push(data []byte) {
+	p.mu.RLock()
+	defer p.mu.RUnlock()
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(len(p.sinks))
+	for _, c := range p.sinks {
+		go func(c chan []byte) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			select {
+			case c <- data:
+			case <-time.After(time.Millisecond * 10):
+				// If there is nothing in the channel to read, but we also cannot write
+				// to the channel, just skip over sending data. If we don't do this you'll
+				// end up blocking the application on the channel read below.
+				if len(c) == 0 {
+					break
+				}
+				<-c
+				c <- data
+			}
+		}(c)
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+}