metrics: initial commit

Add decompress tests

.dockerignore

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+# Binaries for programs and plugins
+*.exe
+*.dll
+*.so
+*.dylib
+.idea/*
+
+# Test binary, build with `go test -c`
+*.test
+
+# Output of the go coverage tool, specifically when used with LiteIDE
+*.out
+
+# Project-local glide cache, RE: https://github.com/Masterminds/glide/issues/736
+.glide/
+
+# dep related files and folders
+/vendor*
+
+# ignore logfiles (/* so the .gitkeep override works)
+/logs/*
+
+# ignore configuration file
+/config.yml
+
+# Ignore Vagrant stuff
+/.vagrant
+
+# Builds by gox
+/build
+
+# Go Coverage tool
+/coverage.out
+
+# The built executable
+wings
+wings.exe
+
+# IDE/Editor files (VS Code)
+/.vscode
+
+# test files
+test_*/
+
+# Keep all gitkeep files (This needs to stay at the bottom)
+!.gitkeep
+debug
+.DS_Store
+*.pprof
+*.pdf
+
+Dockerfile
+CHANGELOG.md
+Makefile
+README.md
+wings-api.paw

.github/FUNDING.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+github: [DaneEveritt]
+custom: ["https://paypal.me/PterodactylSoftware"]

.github/workflows/build-test.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+name: Run Tests
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - 'develop'
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - 'develop'
+jobs:
+  build:
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        os: [ ubuntu-20.04 ]
+        go: [ '^1.15', '^1.16' ]
+        goos: [ linux ]
+        goarch: [ amd64, arm64 ]
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Code Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Setup Go v${{ matrix.go }}
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v2
+        with:
+          go-version: ${{ matrix.go }}
+      - name: Print Environment
+        id: env
+        run: |
+          printf "Go Executable Path: $(which go)\n"
+          printf "Go Version: $(go version)\n"
+          printf "\n\nGo Environment:\n\n"
+          go env
+          printf "\n\nSystem Environment:\n\n"
+          env
+
+          echo "::set-output name=version_tag::${GITHUB_REF/refs\/tags\//}"
+          echo "::set-output name=short_sha::$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)"
+          echo "::set-output name=go_cache::$(go env GOCACHE)"
+      - name: Build Cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v2
+        with:
+          path: ${{ steps.env.outputs.go_cache }}
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.go }}-go-${{ hashFiles('**/go.sum') }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.go }}-go
+      - name: Get Dependencies
+        run: |
+          go get -v -t -d ./...
+      - name: Build
+        env:
+          GOOS: ${{ matrix.goos }}
+          GOARCH: ${{ matrix.goarch }}
+          CGO_ENABLED: 0
+          SRC_PATH: github.com/pterodactyl/wings
+        run: |
+          go build -v -trimpath -ldflags="-s -w -X ${SRC_PATH}/system.Version=dev-${GIT_COMMIT:0:7}" -o build/wings_${{ matrix.goos }}_${{ matrix.goarch }} wings.go
+          upx build/wings_${{ matrix.goos }}_${{ matrix.goarch }}
+          chmod +x build/wings_${{ matrix.goos }}_${{ matrix.goarch }}
+      - name: Test
+        run: go test ./...
+      - name: Upload Artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+        if: ${{ matrix.go == '^1.15' && (github.ref == 'refs/heads/develop' || github.event_name == 'pull_request') }}
+        with:
+          name: wings_${{ matrix.goos }}_${{ matrix.goarch }}
+          path: build/wings_${{ matrix.goos }}_${{ matrix.goarch }}

.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+name: CodeQL
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - 'develop'
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - 'develop'
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '0 9 * * 4'
+jobs:
+  analyze:
+    name: Analyze
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        language:
+          - go
+    steps:
+      - name: Code Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Checkout Head
+        run: git checkout HEAD^2
+        if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
+      - name: Initialize CodeQL
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@v1
+        with:
+          languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
+      - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v1

.github/workflows/docker.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+name: Publish Docker Image
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - 'develop'
+
+    tags:
+      - 'v*'
+jobs:
+  push:
+    name: Push
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    # Always run against a tag, even if the commit into the tag has [docker skip] within the commit message.
+    if: "!contains(github.ref, 'develop') || (!contains(github.event.head_commit.message, 'skip docker') && !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, 'docker skip'))"
+    steps:
+      - name: Code Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Docker Meta
+        id: docker_meta
+        uses: crazy-max/ghaction-docker-meta@v1
+        with:
+          images: ghcr.io/pterodactyl/wings
+      - name: Set up QEMU
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v1
+      - name: Install buildx
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v1
+        with:
+          version: v0.5.1
+      - name: Login to GitHub Container Registry
+        uses: docker/login-action@v1
+        with:
+          registry: ghcr.io
+          username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.REGISTRY_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Get Build Information
+        id: build_info
+        run: |
+          echo "::set-output name=version_tag::${GITHUB_REF/refs\/tags\//}"
+          echo "::set-output name=short_sha::$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)"
+      - name: Release Production Build
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v2
+        if: "!contains(github.ref, 'develop')"
+        with:
+          build-args: |
+            VERSION=${{ steps.build_info.outputs.version_tag }}
+          labels: ${{ steps.docker_meta.outputs.labels }}
+          push: true
+          tags: ${{ steps.docker_meta.outputs.tags }}
+      - name: Release Development Build
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v2
+        if: "contains(github.ref, 'develop')"
+        with:
+          build-args: |
+            VERSION=dev-${{ steps.build_info.outputs.short_sha }}
+          labels: ${{ steps.docker_meta.outputs.labels }}
+          push: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' }}
+          tags: ${{ steps.docker_meta.outputs.tags }}

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+name: Create Release
+on:
+  push:
+    tags:
+      - 'v*'
+jobs:
+  release:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Code Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@v2
+        with:
+          go-version: '^1.15'
+      - name: Build
+        env:
+          REF: ${{ github.ref }}
+        run: |
+          CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 go build -ldflags="-s -w -X github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system.Version=${REF:11}" -o build/wings_linux_amd64 -v wings.go
+          CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm64 go build -ldflags="-s -w -X github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system.Version=${REF:11}" -o build/wings_linux_arm64 -v wings.go
+      - name: Test
+        run: go test ./...
+      - name: Compress binary and make it executable
+        run: |
+          upx build/wings_linux_amd64 && chmod +x build/wings_linux_amd64
+          upx build/wings_linux_arm64 && chmod +x build/wings_linux_arm64
+      - name: Extract changelog
+        env:
+          REF: ${{ github.ref }}
+        run: |
+          sed -n "/^## ${REF:10}/,/^## /{/^## /b;p}" CHANGELOG.md > ./RELEASE_CHANGELOG
+          echo ::set-output name=version_name::`sed -nr "s/^## (${REF:10} .*)$/\1/p" CHANGELOG.md`
+      - name: Create checksum and add to changelog
+        run: |
+          SUM=`cd build && sha256sum wings_linux_amd64`
+          SUM2=`cd build && sha256sum wings_linux_arm64`
+          echo -e "\n#### SHA256 Checksum\n\`\`\`\n$SUM\n$SUM2\n\`\`\`\n" >> ./RELEASE_CHANGELOG
+          echo -e "$SUM\n$SUM2" > checksums.txt
+      - name: Create release branch
+        env:
+          REF: ${{ github.ref }}
+        run: |
+          BRANCH=release/${REF:10}
+          git config --local user.email "ci@pterodactyl.io"
+          git config --local user.name "Pterodactyl CI"
+          git checkout -b $BRANCH
+          git push -u origin $BRANCH
+          sed -i "s/	Version = \".*\"/	Version = \"${REF:11}\"/" system/const.go
+          git add system/const.go
+          git commit -m "bump version for release"
+          git push
+      - name: Create Release
+        id: create_release
+        uses: actions/create-release@v1
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          tag_name: ${{ github.ref }}
+          release_name: ${{ steps.extract_changelog.outputs.version_name }}
+          body_path: ./RELEASE_CHANGELOG
+          draft: true
+          prerelease: ${{ contains(github.ref, 'beta') || contains(github.ref, 'alpha') }}
+      - name: Upload amd64 Binary
+        uses: actions/upload-release-asset@v1
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          upload_url: ${{ steps.create_release.outputs.upload_url }}
+          asset_path: build/wings_linux_amd64
+          asset_name: wings_linux_amd64
+          asset_content_type: application/octet-stream
+      - name: Upload arm64 Binary
+        uses: actions/upload-release-asset@v1
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          upload_url: ${{ steps.create_release.outputs.upload_url }}
+          asset_path: build/wings_linux_arm64
+          asset_name: wings_linux_arm64
+          asset_content_type: application/octet-stream
+      - name: Upload checksum
+        uses: actions/upload-release-asset@v1
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          upload_url: ${{ steps.create_release.outputs.upload_url }}
+          asset_path: ./checksums.txt
+          asset_name: checksums.txt
+          asset_content_type: text/plain

.gitignore

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 
 # ignore configuration file
 /config.yml
+/config*.yml
 
 # Ignore Vagrant stuff
 /.vagrant
@@ -45,5 +46,6 @@ test_*/
 # Keep all gitkeep files (This needs to stay at the bottom)
 !.gitkeep
 debug
-data/.states.json
 .DS_Store
+*.pprof
+*.pdf

.travis.yml

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-os: linux
-dist: xenial
-language: go
-
-go:
-- 1.13.x
-
-go_import_path: "github.com/pterodactyl/wings"
-
-services:
-- docker
-
-install:
-- mkdir -p $GOPATH/bin
-
-# Install used tools
-- go get github.com/mitchellh/gox
-- go get github.com/haya14busa/goverage
-- go get github.com/schrej/godacov
-
-- go mod download
-
-script:
-- make cross-build
-- goverage -v -coverprofile=coverage.out ./...
-- godacov -t $CODACY_TOKEN -r ./coverage.out -c $TRAVIS_COMMIT
-
-deploy:
-  provider: releases
-  api_key:
-    secure: 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
-  file_glob: true
-  file: build/*
-  on:
-    tags: true
-    branch: master
-
-notifications:
-  email: false
-  webhooks:
-    urls:
-      - https://misc.schrej.net/travistodiscord/pterodev.php
-    on_success: change
-    on_failure: always
-    on_error: always
-    on_cancel: always
-    on_start: never

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,421 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## v1.4.4
+### Added
+* **[security]** Adds support for limiting the total number of pids any one container can have active at once to prevent malicious users from impacting other instances on the same node.
+* Server install containers now use the limits assigned to the server, or a globally defined minimum amount of memory and CPU rather than having unlimited resources.
+
+## v1.4.3
+This build was created to address `CVE-2021-33196` in `Go` which requires a new binary
+be built on the latest `go1.15` version.
+
+## v1.4.2
+### Fixed
+* Fixes the `~` character not being properly trimmed from container image names when creating a new server.
+
+### Changed
+* Implemented exponential backoff for S3 uploads when working with backups. This should resolve many issues with external S3 compatiable systems that sometimes return 5xx level errors that should be re-attempted automatically.
+* Implements exponential backoff behavior for all API calls to the Panel that do not immediately return a 401, 403, or 429 error response. This should address fragiligty in some API calls and address random call failures due to connection drops or random DNS resolution errors.
+
+## v1.4.1
+### Fixed
+* Fixes a bug that would cause the file unarchiving process to put all files in the base directory rather than the directory in which the files should be located.
+
+## v1.4.0
+### Fixed
+* **[Breaking]** Fixes `/api/servers` and `/api/servers/:server` not properly returning all of the relevant server information and resource usage.
+* Fixes Wings improperly reading `WINGS_UID` and not `WINGS_GID` when running in containerized environments.
+* Fixes a panic encountered when returning the contents of a file that is actively being written to by another process.
+* Corrected the handling of files that are being decompressed to properly support `.rar` files.
+* Fixes the error message returned when a server has run out of disk space to properly indicate such, rather than indicating that the file is a directory.
+
+### Changed
+* Improved the error handling and output when an error is encountered while pulling an image for a server.
+* Improved robustness of code handling value replacement in configuration files to not potentially panic if a non-string value is encountered as the replacement type.
+* Improves error handling throughout the server filesystem.
+
+### Added
+* Adds the ability to set the internal name of the application in response output from the console using the `app_name` key in the `config.yml` file.
+
+## v1.3.2
+### Fixed
+* Correctly sets the internal state of the server as restoring when a restore is being performed to avoid any accidental booting.
+
+## v1.3.1
+### Fixed
+* Fixes an error being returned to the client when attempting to restart a server when the container no longer exists on the machine.
+
+### Changed
+* Updated server transfer logic to use newer file archiving tools to avoid frequent errors when transferring symlinked files.
+
+## v1.3.0
+### Fixed
+* Fixes improper error handling when attempting to create a new Docker network.
+* Fixes edge-case crash that would occur when a user triggers an install for a server that does not currently have a data directory present on the system.
+* Fixes missing return on error when attempting to get the contents of a file from Wings.
+* Fixes certain stop signals not being properly handled and parsed by Wings.
+* Fixes server build settings not always being updated properly if set to their zero-value.
+* Fixes context leak when waiting on a server instance to be stopped.
+* Fix potential application panic when chowning a file if there is an error getting file details.
+* Fixes `Filesystem.Chown` unintentionally touching all of the files within a given directory tree which could cause some games to trigger a full refresh thinking files had been changed.
+* Fixes `Content-Disposition` header not being properly escaped causing some browsers to not report the correct filename on downloads.
+
+### Added
+* Adds support for restoring server backups (including remote backups) with the ability to reset the current file state for a server.
+* Adds underlying support for allowing Eggs to mark specific files (or patterns) as being inaccessible to users within the file manager.
+
+### Changed
+* Refactored SFTP subsystem to be less of a standalone package and more integrated with the underlying server logic in Wings. This significantly simplified the logic and makes it much easier to reason about.
+* Refactored much of the underlying API logic to be more extensible down the road, support automatic retries, and be more testable.
+* Refactored much of the underlying HTTP middleware logic to be packaged differently and easier to reason about in the codebase.
+* System defined `TZ` variable will be used if present rather than attempting to parse the timezone using `datetimectl`.
+* Improves error handling and reporting for server installation process to improve debugging in the future if things break.
+
+## v1.2.3
+### Fixed
+* **[Security]** Fixes a remaining security vulnerability in the code handling remote file downloads for servers relating to redirect validation.
+
+### Added
+* Adds a configuration key at `api.disable_remote_download` that can be set to `true` to completely download the remote download system.
+
+## v1.2.2
+### Fixed
+* Reverts changes to logic handling blocking until a server process is done running when polling stats. This change exposed a bug in the underlying Docker system causing servers to enter a state in which Wings was unable to terminate the process and Docker commands would hang if executed against the container.
+
+### Changed
+* Adds logic to handle a console stream unexpectedly returning an EOF when reading console logs. New code should automatically re-attach the stream avoiding issues where the console would stop live updating for servers.
+
+## v1.2.1
+### Fixed
+* Fixes servers not be properly marked as no longer transfering if an error occurs during the archive process.
+* Fixes problems with user detection when running Wings inside a Docker container.
+* Fixes filename decoding issues with multiple endpoints related to the file manager (namely move/copy/delete).
+* **[Security]** Fixes vulnerability allowing a malicious user to abuse the remote file download utilitity to scan or access resources on the local network.
+* Fixes network `tx` stats not correctly being reported (was previously reporting `rx` for both `rx` and `tx`).
+
+### Changed
+* Cleans up the logic related to polling resources for the server to make a little more sense and not do pointless `io.Copy()` operations.
+
+## v1.2.0
+### Fixed
+* Fixes log compression being set on the Docker containers being created to avoid errors on some versions of Docker.
+* Cleaned up logic handling server resource usage to avoid race conditions in the future and make the logic simpler.
+* Fixes directories being created when writing a file before checking if there was space for the file to even be written to the disk.
+* Significant performance and resource usage fixes to backups and server transfers to avoid obliterating machine `i/o` and causing excessive resource exhaustion on busy systems or low end machines.
+* Fixes server install process to not unintentionally exit and cause invalid states if a line during the install process was too long.
+* Fixes symlink error handling in backups to not unexpectedly tank a request. Any errors due to a symlink are now ignored and will not impact the generation of a backup (including for server transfers).
+
+### Changed
+* Changed `--debug` flag to no longer ignore certificate errors on requests. Use `--ignore-certificate-errors` to ignore any certificate errors encountered when in development environments.
+* Changed all Filesystem related errors to be of the same internal error type making error checking significantly easier and less error prone.
+* Improves log output stacktraces to be more accurate as to the source of the issue.
+
+### Added
+* Adds support for downloading files to a server's data directory and optionally checking the status of or canceling in-progress downloads.
+* Adds a `context.Context` to `server.Server` structs allowing for cancelation of long running background tasks when a server is deleted without additional complexity on developer's end.
+
+## v1.1.3
+### Fixed
+* Fixes `archive/tar: write too long` error when creating a server backup.
+* Fixes server installation docker images not using authentication properly during the pull.
+* Fixes temporary transfer files not being removed after the transfer is completed.
+* Fixes TLS certificate checking to be all lowercase to avoid any lookup issues when an all-caps domain is provided.
+* Fixes multiple interfaces with the same port not being publishable for a server.
+* Fixes errors encountered during websocket processes being incorrectly passed back to the Panel as a JWT error rather than a generic Wings error for admin users.
+
+### Added
+* Added logic to notify the Panel when archive generation fails.
+* Added endpoint to run `chmod` commands against server files and updated API response to include the mode bits when requesting files.
+
+### Changed
+* Updated internals to call `Server.Environment.State()` rather than deprecated `Server.GetState()` functions.
+* Improved error handling logic and massively simplified error passing around the codebase.
+
+## v1.1.2
+### Fixed
+* Fixes binaries built as part of the release process not being usable in MUSL based environments (such as our Docker images).
+* Fixes server states being incorrectly set back to offline when a server is started after a system restart.
+
+### Changed
+* Improved logic for cleaning `allowed_mount` paths for consistency.
+* Certain context cancelation deadline errors are no longer wrong reported at an error level (since they're expected).
+* Very minor micro-optimizations for some string handling with server console output.
+
+### Added
+* Added a hidden option to disable all disk checking for servers by setting the `disk_check_interval` to `0` in the config file.
+
+## v1.1.1
+### Fixed
+* Fixes certain files returning invalid data in the request due to a bad header set after sending data down the line.
+
+## v1.1.0
+This release **requires** `Panel@1.1.0` or later to run due to API changes.
+
+### Added
+* Adds support for denying client JWT access to specific token keys generated before Wings starts, or before an arbitrary date from an API call.
+* Adds support for a configurable number of log messages to be returned when connecting to a server socket and requesting the logs.
+* Adds support for both CPU and Memory profiling of Wings via a CLI argument.
+
+### Fixed
+* Errors encountered while uploading files to Wings are now properly reported back to the client rather than causing a generic 500 error.
+* Servers exceeding their disk limit are now properly stopped when they exceed limits while running.
+* Fixes server environment starting as an empty value rather than an "offline" value.
+
+### Changed
+* Cleaned up code internals for handling API requests to make it easier on new developers and use a more sane system.
+* Server configuration retrieval from the Panel is now done in a paginated loop rather than a single large call to allow systems with thousands of instances to boot properly.
+* Switches to multipart S3 uploads to handle backups larger than 5GB in size.
+* Switches the error handling package from `pkg/errors` to `emperror` to avoid overwriting existing stack traces associated with an error and provide additional functionality.
+
+## v1.0.1
+### Added
+* Adds support for ARM to build outputs for wings.
+
+### Fixed
+* Fixed a few docker clients not having version negotiation enabled.
+* Fixes local images prefixed with `~` getting pulled from remote sources rather than just using the local copy.
+* Fixes console output breaking with certain games when excessive line length was output.
+* Fixes an error when console lines were too long that would cause the console to stop updating until the server was restarted,
+
+### Changed
+* Simplified timezone logic for containers by properly grabbing the system timezone and then passing that through to containers with the `TZ=` environment variable.
+
+## v1.0.0
+This is the first official stable release of Wings! Please be aware that while this specific version changelog is very short,
+it technically includes all of the previous beta and alpha releases within it. For the sake of version history and following
+along though, I've only included the differences between this version and the previous RC build.
+
+### Fixed
+* Fixes file parser not properly appending newline character to modified lines.
+* Fixes server disk usage not being properly reported back to the API and websocket.
+
+### Changed
+* Changes diagnostics endpoint URL to be `ptero.co` rather than `hastebin.com`.
+* Diagnostics report now includes system time for easier debugging of logs and container issues.
+
+## v1.0.0-rc.7
+### Fixed
+* **[Security]** Prevents the `allowed_mounts` configuration value from being set by a remote API call.
+* Fixes an unexpected error when attempting to make a copy of an archive file.
+* Fixes certain expected filesystems errors being returned to the API as a 500 error rather than a 4XX series error.
+* Fixes a panic crash when there is no text on a line and the parser is attempting to determine if the line is a comment.
+* Fixes multiple filesystem operations to correctly check, increment, and decrement disk usage for a server.
+* Fixes a negative disk space usage issue when deleting a file due to a bad int swap.
+* Errors from a websocket connection being closed will no longer spam the console.
+* Fixes an extraneous `.` in the install script for servers causing errors in some scenarios.
+* Fixes unexpected error spam due to a change in how `os.ErrNotExist` is returned from some functions.
+
+### Changed
+* Stacktrace is no longer emitted when warning that an image exists locally.
+* Configuration parser now attempts to create the directory structure leading to a configuration file if it is missing.
+* If a file name is too long for the system a nice error is returned to the caller.
+* Enables client version negotiation for Docker to support more versions.
+* Disk space errors are no longer logged into the wings logs.
+* Servers can no longer be reinstalled while another power action is currently running. This avoids data collisions and wings running into issues with the container state.
+* Wings now uses `1024` rather than `1000` bytes when calculating the disk space usage for a server to match how the Panel reports usage.
+* JWT errors in the websocket are now sent back to the connection as a specific event type allowing them to be handled even if the timer fails to execute or executes but is not being listened for.
+* A server struct is no longer embedded in the virtual filesystem allowing for easier testing and modularization of the codebase.
+* Server websockets are now closed when a server is deleted, disconnecting any currently connected clients.
+
+### Removed
+* **[Security]** Removes the `SafeJoin` function which could wrongly assume the state of a file and allow a user to escape the root if the developer implementing the call calls `Stat` rather than `Lstat`.
+
+## v1.0.0-rc.6
+### Fixed
+* Fixes race condition when checking if the running state of a server has changed.
+* Fixes files mistakenly unpacking themselves to the root directory rather than the directory they are told to unpack to.
+* Fixes console output not being sent to the websocket in the same order that it was received.
+* Fixes a file busy error causing a 500 error response when unpacking an archive rather than a 400 error with a message indicating what is wrong to the user.
+* Fixes docker image not properly updating when a server is started.
+
+### Changed
+* Replaces fragile event bus logic with a more robust and easier to understand system. This fixes all remaining console and stats output issues that have been reported.
+* Cleans up API response error messaging to avoid empty errors being logged which cannot be acted upon.
+* Adds support for retrying a file write a few times with a back-off if the file is busy when the write occurs.
+
+### Added
+* Docker image pull data is shown in the console when an admin is connected to the websocket.
+* Adds console throttling to stop a server if too much data is being piped out of the console. This logic mimics the logic present in the old Nodejs daemon, but with a 2x line count limit (1000 -> 2000) per period.
+
+## v1.0.0-rc.5
+### Fixed
+* Fixes long standing bug with console output not properly sending back to the client with server stats in certain edge case scenarios. This was "fixed" in `rc.4` but ended up breaking many servers in significantly more painful manners, but did allow us to better track down the issue.
+* Fixes build flags during release process to correctly strip unnessary code allowing the final binary size to be reduced back down to `~5MB`
+* Fixes Wings returning the last `16384` lines of the log file when connecting to the websocket.
+* Fixes pre-boot actions always running for a server start event even if the server is already running.
+
+### Added
+* Adds support for configuring the amount of time that can elapse between server disk size checking before the value is considered stale.
+
+## v1.0.0-rc.4
+### Fixed
+* Fixes server files being inaccessible if the root data path is a symlink to another location on the machine.
+* Fixes some console output being written to the logs accidentally truncating other lines due to special ANSI sequences being output.
+* Fixes `server.properties` files getting mangled by the automatic configuration editor when booting a server.
+* Fixes a missed stream close when stopping resource polling that would lead to memory leaks.
+* Fixes port bindings being incorrectly re-assigned when using `127.0.0.1` with Docker. These are now properly re-mapped to the `pterodactyl0` interface so that networking operates as expected for the server.
+* Fixes handling of values within arrays in `yaml` and `json` configuration files.
+* Fixes a 304 error being returned rather than a 400 error when a file upload is invalid.
+* Fixes deadlocks and response delays when processing server console and stat events. This was causing server consoles to become completely unresponsive after random periods of time and was only resolvable via a Wings restart.
+
+### Changed
+* Allows a stale value to be present when starting a server if the server is allowed an unlimited amount of disk space.
+* Removed all remaining traces of the `zap` logging library from the codebase.
+* Servers no longer auto-restart as if they crashed when a stop command is manually sent via the server console to the instance.
+* Changes the CORS checks to allow `*` as a remote origin.
+
+### Added
+* Added an auto-generated logrotate file which is written to the normal logrotate directory when wings is first started.
+* Added additional debug logging within the internals of the resource polling for servers to better trace unexpected behavior.
+* Adds additional logic check to avoid even trying to stop a suspended server if it is already stopped.
+
+## v1.0.0-rc.3
+### Fixed
+* Errors during the backup process are now correctly reported to the Panel and logged into the output correctly.
+* Empty directories are no longer pushed into the backup file list (which was causing errors to occur previously).
+* Covered an edge case to prevent errors if a file gets deleted while a backup is in progress.
+* Fixed a bug causing Wings to panic and crash if an invalid environment variable value was passed through. These invalid values are now logged to the output to better detect and an empty string is returned in their place.
+* Fixed startup variables and other server information not properly being updated when a server is restarted.
+* Suspension state of a server is now properly returned by the API.
+* Fixes an error being thrown if a backup does not exist on the local machine. A 404 is now properly returned and handled by the Panel when this occurs.
+* Fixes an error when attempting to move or rename a folder due to the target being created accidentally before the rename occurred.
+* Fixes install scripts running even when the checkbox to not run them on installation was selected in the Panel.
+
+### Changed
+* Disk space checking modified to not block in as many parts of the codebase and allow returning a stale cache value where that is appropriate. Thanks @cyberkitsune!
+* SFTP package code is now merged into the codebase to make keeping up with all of the code simpler, and reduce the complexity of the SFTP server.
+
+### Added
+* Added the ability for a node to be configured to skip file permissions checking when starting a server.
+* Added console output message to indicate that server disk space checking is occurring rather than silently sitting there.
+
+## v1.0.0-rc.2
+### Fixed
+* Fixes significant performance degradation due to excessive `syscall` actions when determining directory sizes on large servers. This was previously causing CPU & I/O lockups on servers and should be significantly more performant and less impactful on the system now.
+* Fixes panic crash when booting wings with no log directory created.
+
+### Changed
+* Changed default interval for disk space calculation from every 60 seconds to every 2.5 minutes.
+
+## v1.0.0-rc.1
+### Fixed
+* Servers are no longer incorrectly marked as stopping when they are, in fact, offline.
+* Release build version is now correctly output when starting wings.
+* Termination signals can now always be sent to a server instance even if the instance is currently starting/stopping.
+* Removed the file chown on wings boot to avoid slowing down the boot process unnecessarily when working with hundreds of servers on a node.
+* Fixed a multitude of race conditions throughout the code that cropped up during testing and made power handling even more robust for server instances.
+* In general multiple fragile areas of the codebase have been improved and are more likely to return useful errors should they break.
+* Addressed serious CPU usage issues when generating backups, and additionally decreased the amount of time they take to generate.
+
+### Changed
+* Internal server now uses more secure and recommended TLS settings.
+* Environment handling is now completely separate from the server package itself, allowing the environments to no longer be tightly coupled to the server.
+* `/tmp` directory mounted into containers can now be programmatically managed and uses better defaults to avoid people even needing to edit it.
+
+### Added
+* Wings logs are now properly persisted to the disk.
+* Adds the ability for an egg to use ANSI-stripped matching when determining if a server is done booting.
+
+## v1.0.0-beta.9
+### Fixed
+* Fixes server resource usage stats not being returned correctly by the API endpoint.
+* Fixes an exception thrown when attempting to write server installation logs.
+* Fixes error handling to provide a more accurate stack-trace in more scenarios where one is missing initially.
+* Fixes a memory leak and zombie event listeners when disconnecting from a server's websocket.
+* Fixes a race condition when wings is attempting to register/de-register event subscribers.
+* Server data directories now correctly have their permissions set recursively when booting Wings.
+* Fixes a race condition when a server's console stream was not fully closed before the next power action was started.
+
+### Changed
+* Server power handling is now handled in a synchronous manner. This avoids endless bugs and race conditions that would crop up if someone triggered two restart processes back to back. The new logic prevents performing any additional power actions until the currently executing action is completed.
+* Server disk usage is now correctly calculated when restarting the daemon as long as the server data directory exists.
+* Multiple code pathways within the boot process were cleaned up and modified to be less IO intensive and overall easier to reason about as a developer.
+* Additional timezone data is now mounted into containers to better improve the ability for instances running to be using the correct timezone.
+
+### Added
+* Adds basic internal file upload endpoints (these are currently not exposed anywhere in the Panel).
+* Added additional process events for installation start and completion.
+* Additional CORS allowed origins for the websocket can now be defined in the configuration file.
+* Adds the ability to authenticate with a docker registry when pulling images.
+
+## v1.0.0-beta.8
+### Fixed
+* Server state is synced with the Panel before performing a reinstall to ensure that the latest information is used.
+* Wings no longer crashes when a non-string environment variable value is passed through.
+* SFTP server authentication no longer attempts to contact the Panel to validate credentials if the format is known to already be incorrect.
+* Some previously missing error stacks are now properly returned when encountered.
+* Renaming a file no longer triggers an error if the base path does not exist.
+* Disk space is now properly calculated for a server even if it is assigned unlimited space.
+* **[Security]** Prevent symlink files from unintentionally chmodding their target file when a server is booted when the target file resides outside the server data directory.
+* **[Security]** Cleans up multiple code pathways that may unintentionally allow a malicious user to impact files outside their home directory.
+* Fixes numerous race conditions during a server's boot process that may lead to unintended data states.
+* Fixes an error thrown when attempting to delete a file that points to a symlink outside the server data directory.
+* Deleting a symlink will no longer attempt to remove the source file, only the symlink itself.
+* Websocket no longer blocks when handling a long running process for a user.
+
+### Changed
+* Install log for servers is now more detailed and more useful for debugging what might be going wrong.
+* Certain file management API endpoints now support passing through multiple paths at once to make mass actions easier to perform.
+* Re-worked file walking implementation to not cause a server crash when working with very large directories, and avoid race conditions when recursively walking directories.
+* Server configuration structure re-worked to be more manageable in the code base and avoid additional race conditions and complexity while making on-the-fly changes to it.
+
+### Added
+* Support for configuring additional file mount points in a container via the Panel.
+* Support for automated SSL certificate generation when booting the Daemon.
+* Added wings diagnostics command.
+* New API endpoints to compress and decompress files on a server.
+
+## v1.0.0-beta.7
+### Fixed
+* Stacktraces are now displayed once in the error output, rather than twice when certain errors are encountered.
+* Additional errors that did not previously output a stack trace have been fixed to output.
+* Fixes a bug where server space available would be triggered when creating a new server from a remote configuration before that file location existed on the disk, leading to an error.
+* Fixes context timeouts while pulling server docker images. Time was upped from 10 seconds to 15 minutes.
+* Configuration file replacement values are now properly de-escaped when writing to the disk. `\/no\/more\/slashes`
+* `.properties` files are now saved correctly to the disk with newlines, rather than shoved on a single line.
+* `./wings configure` command can now properly save the configuration to the disk.
+* Custom SSL locations are no longer obliterated when making changes to the Node's configuration via the Panel.
+
+### Changed
+* Exclusive lock is now acquired when performing a server installation to avoid two install processes being triggered at the same time. This also allows an install to be properly canceled if the server is deleted before it is completed.
+
+## v1.0.0-beta.6
+### Fixed
+* Server status is no longer sent to all connected websocket clients when a new client connects to the socket.
+* Server disk usage is sent back over the socket when connecting.
+* Default configuration for the SFTP server is now properly returned to `on` rather than `off`
+* Server boot is no longer blocked if there is an error fetching the Docker image as long as that image exists on the host.
+* The websocket no longer gets locked up when Wings attempts to send an error to the client.
+* Fixed a crash loop when an error is thrown during pre-boot phase of server startup.
+* Errors with `BindJSON` in API endpoints are now properly handled and returned.
+* Fixed warning about Gin running in non-release mode, even when the binary is running in release mode.
+
+### Changed
+* Switched logging libraries to output data in a clearer format more suited to the CLI where this application runs.
+* Cleaner debug messaging in debug mode from the router.
+
+## v1.0.0-beta.5
+### Fixed
+* Default config location settled on `/etc/pterodactyl/config.yml`; wings will now check all of the previous locations for the configuration and move it automatically to the new location.
+* Deleting a server no longer fails the process if the container cannot be found.
+* Fixes permissions checking for subusers connecting to the SFTP instance.
+* S3 backups now properly send back hash data to the panel.
+* Server installation containers are now always deleted, even if the installer process fails for the instance.
+* Files and folders with special characters and spaces in them no longer return a 404 error.
+* Servers using eggs with bad configurations will no longer cause the daemon to fail booting; these bad configurations are simply skipped over and a warning is emitted into the logs.
+* Environment variables passed to containers no longer contain improper quotes around them.
+* Matching on array indexes in configurations now works correctly; `foo[0]` is quietly transformed into the proper `foo.0` syntax.
+
+### Added
+* New banner error message when the daemon is unable to locate the configuration file. This should better clarify what the user needs to do in order to resolve the issue.
+* Adds ability to configure the default networking driver used by docker.
+
+## v1.0.0-beta.4
+### Fixed
+* Fixes unexpected nil-pointer panic when attempting to start some newly created servers, or any server that was missing a container on the system.
+* Fixes memory usage of process being reported differently than the `docker stats` output leading to some confusion. These numbers should be more correct now.
+* Fixes possible nil-pointer panic when detecting a deleted container as being crashed.
+
 ## v1.0.0-beta.3
 ### Fixed
 * Daemon will no longer crash if someone requests a websocket for a deleted server.
@@ -11,6 +427,39 @@
 ### Changed
 * Memory overhead for containers is now 5/10/15% higher than the passed limit to account for JVM heap and prevent crashing.
 
+## v1.0.0-beta.2
+### Changed
+* Backup functionality made significantly more modular to ease adding additional methods in the future.
+* Websocket permissions changed to use same name as in panel.
+* Container memory hard-limits are now adjusted up by 15% (< 2G memory), 10% (< 4G memory), or 5% to avoid unexpected OOM crashes for memory heavy games.
+* Wings executable is now 80% smaller thanks to better compilation arguments.
+
+### Added
+* Adds support for ignoring files and directories when generating a new backup.
+* Added internal directory walker with callback-continue support.
+
+### Fixed
+* Fixed linux distro matching when booting the daemon.
+* Fixes DNS to be configurable for docker containers that are made for servers.
+* Fixes incorrect file truncation when making modifications to a server's configuration files.
+
+## v1.0.0-beta.1
+### Added
+* Added support for passing specific threads to the docker environment when running a server.
+* Added support for reinstalling an existing server.
+* Added support for restarting a server.
+* Adds support for transferring servers between daemon instances.
+* Added auto-deploy command to fetch configuration from Panel automatically.
+
+### Changed
+* Server file and backup downloads now hit a direct endpoint with a one-time JWT to avoid proxying large downloads through the panel.
+
+### Fixed
+* Fixes a go routine causing a memory and CPU leak.
+* Fixed improper chown of server directories on boot.
+* Miscellaneous fixes to CPU usage, abandoned go-routines, and race conditions.
+* Fixes support for Alpine based systems.
+
 ## v1.0.0-alpha.2
 ### Added
 * Ability to run an installation process for a server and notify the panel when completed.

Dockerfile

@@ -1,14 +1,22 @@
-# ----------------------------------
-# Pterodactyl Panel Dockerfile
-# ----------------------------------
+# Stage 1 (Build)
+FROM golang:1.15-alpine3.12 AS builder
 
-FROM golang:1.14-alpine
-COPY . /go/wings/
-WORKDIR /go/wings/
-RUN apk add --no-cache upx \
- && go build -ldflags="-s -w" \
- && upx --brute wings
+ARG VERSION
+RUN apk add --update --no-cache git make upx
+WORKDIR /app/
+COPY go.mod go.sum /app/
+RUN go mod download
+COPY . /app/
+RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 go build \
+    -ldflags="-s -w -X github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system.Version=$VERSION" \
+    -v \
+    -trimpath \
+    -o wings \
+    wings.go
+RUN upx wings
 
-FROM alpine:latest
-COPY --from=0 /go/wings/wings /usr/bin/
-CMD ["wings","--config", "/var/lib/pterodactyl/config.yml"]
+# Stage 2 (Final)
+FROM busybox:1.33.0
+RUN echo "ID=\"busybox\"" > /etc/os-release
+COPY --from=builder /app/wings /usr/bin/
+CMD [ "wings", "--config", "/etc/pterodactyl/config.yml" ]

LICENSE

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 MIT License
 
-Copyright (c) 2019 Dane Everitt <dane@daneeveritt.com>
+Copyright (c) 2018 - 2021 Dane Everitt <dane@daneeveritt.com> and Contributors
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal

Makefile

@@ -1,5 +1,18 @@
+GIT_HEAD = $(shell git rev-parse HEAD | head -c8)
+
 build:
-	GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 go build -ldflags="-s -w" -gcflags "all=-trimpath=/Users/dane/Sites/development/code" -o build/wings_linux_amd64 -v wings.go
+	GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 go build -ldflags="-s -w" -gcflags "all=-trimpath=$(pwd)" -o build/wings_linux_amd64 -v wings.go
+	GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm64 go build -ldflags="-s -w" -gcflags "all=-trimpath=$(pwd)" -o build/wings_linux_arm64 -v wings.go
+
+debug:
+	go build -ldflags="-X github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system.Version=$(GIT_HEAD)" -race
+	sudo ./wings --debug --ignore-certificate-errors --config config.yml
+
+# Runs a remotly debuggable session for Wings allowing an IDE to connect and target
+# different breakpoints.
+rmdebug:
+	go build -gcflags "all=-N -l" -ldflags="-X github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system.Version=$(GIT_HEAD)" -race
+	sudo dlv --listen=:2345 --headless=true --api-version=2 --accept-multiclient exec ./wings -- --debug --ignore-certificate-errors --config config.yml
 
 compress:
 	upx --brute build/wings_*

README.md

@@ -1,16 +1,45 @@
-# Alpha Project
-Please refrain from opening PRs or Issues at this time. This project is still under heavy development, and until we have a solid foundation and plan for how everything will connect, we will not be accepting PRs or feature suggestions.
+[![Logo Image](https://cdn.pterodactyl.io/logos/new/pterodactyl_logo.png)](https://pterodactyl.io)
 
-# Pterodactyl wings [![travis](https://img.shields.io/travis/pterodactyl/wings.svg?style=flat-square)](https://travis-ci.org/pterodactyl/wings) [![codacy quality](https://img.shields.io/codacy/grade/27a1576bda86450f853b1052b12fa570.svg?style=flat-square)](https://www.codacy.com/app/schrej/wings/dashboard) [![codacy coverage](https://img.shields.io/codacy/coverage/27a1576bda86450f853b1052b12fa570.svg?style=flat-square)](https://www.codacy.com/app/schrej/wings/files)
+![Discord](https://img.shields.io/discord/122900397965705216?label=Discord&logo=Discord&logoColor=white)
+![GitHub Releases](https://img.shields.io/github/downloads/pterodactyl/wings/latest/total)
+[![Go Report Card](https://goreportcard.com/badge/github.com/pterodactyl/wings)](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/pterodactyl/wings)
 
-```
-                     ____
-__ Pterodactyl _____/___/_______ _______ ______
-\_____\    \/\/    /   /       /  __   /   ___/
-   \___\          /   /   /   /  /_/  /___   /
-        \___/\___/___/___/___/___    /______/
-                            /_______/ alpha
-```
+# Pterodactyl Wings
+Wings is Pterodactyl's server control plane, built for the rapidly changing gaming industry and designed to be
+highly performant and secure. Wings provides an HTTP API allowing you to interface directly with running server
+instances, fetch server logs, generate backups, and control all aspects of the server lifecycle.
 
-A new generation of the Pterodactyl daemon, written in go.
+In addition, Wings ships with a built-in SFTP server allowing your system to remain free of Pterodactyl specific
+dependencies, and allowing users to authenticate with the same credentials they would normally use to access the Panel.
 
+## Sponsors
+I would like to extend my sincere thanks to the following sponsors for helping find Pterodactyl's developement.
+[Interested in becoming a sponsor?](https://github.com/sponsors/DaneEveritt)
+
+| Company | About |
+| ------- | ----- |
+| [**WISP**](https://wisp.gg) | Extra features. |
+| [**MixmlHosting**](https://mixmlhosting.com) | MixmlHosting provides high quality Virtual Private Servers along with game servers, all at a affordable price. |
+| [**BisectHosting**](https://www.bisecthosting.com/) | BisectHosting provides Minecraft, Valheim and other server hosting services with the highest reliability and lightning fast support since 2012. |
+| [**Bloom.host**](https://bloom.host) | Bloom.host offers dedicated core VPS and Minecraft hosting with Ryzen 9 processors. With owned-hardware, we offer truly unbeatable prices on high-performance hosting. |
+| [**MineStrator**](https://minestrator.com/) | Looking for a French highend hosting company for you minecraft server? More than 14,000 members on our discord, trust us. |
+| [**DedicatedMC**](https://dedicatedmc.io/) | DedicatedMC provides Raw Power hosting at affordable pricing, making sure to never compromise on your performance and giving you the best performance money can buy. |
+| [**Skynode**](https://www.skynode.pro/) | Skynode provides blazing fast game servers along with a top-notch user experience. Whatever our clients are looking for, we're able to provide it! |
+| [**XCORE**](https://xcore-server.de/) | XCORE offers High-End Servers for hosting and gaming since 2012. Fast, excellent and well-known for eSports Gaming. |
+| [**RoyaleHosting**](https://royalehosting.net/) | Build your dreams and deploy them with RoyaleHosting’s reliable servers and network. Easy to use, provisioned in a couple of minutes. |
+| [**Spill Hosting**](https://spillhosting.no/) | Spill Hosting is a Norwegian hosting service, which aims for inexpensive services on quality servers. Premium i9-9900K processors will run your game like a dream. |
+| [**DeinServerHost**](https://deinserverhost.de/) | DeinServerHost offers Dedicated, vps and Gameservers for many popular Games like Minecraft and Rust in Germany since 2013. |
+| [**HostBend**](https://hostbend.com/) | HostBend offers a variety of solutions for developers, students, and others who have a tight budget but don't want to compromise quality and support. |
+| [**Capitol Hosting Solutions**](https://capitolsolutions.cloud/) | CHS is *the* budget friendly hosting company for Australian and American gamers, offering a variety of plans from Web Hosting to Game Servers; Custom Solutions too! |
+| [**ByteAnia**](https://byteania.com/?utm_source=pterodactyl) | ByteAnia offers the best performing and most affordable **Ryzen 5000 Series hosting** on the market for *unbeatable prices*! |
+
+## Documentation
+* [Panel Documentation](https://pterodactyl.io/panel/1.0/getting_started.html)
+* [Wings Documentation](https://pterodactyl.io/wings/1.0/installing.html)
+* [Community Guides](https://pterodactyl.io/community/about.html)
+* Or, get additional help [via Discord](https://discord.gg/pterodactyl)
+
+## Reporting Issues
+Please use the [pterodactyl/panel](https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel) repository to report any issues or make
+feature requests for Wings. In addition, the [security policy](https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/security/policy) listed
+within that repository also applies to Wings.

api/api.go

@@ -1,173 +0,0 @@
-package api
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"github.com/apex/log"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
-	"io/ioutil"
-	"net/http"
-	"strings"
-	"time"
-)
-
-// Initializes the requester instance.
-func NewRequester() *PanelRequest {
-	return &PanelRequest{
-		Response: nil,
-	}
-}
-
-type PanelRequest struct {
-	Response *http.Response
-}
-
-// Builds the base request instance that can be used with the HTTP client.
-func (r *PanelRequest) GetClient() *http.Client {
-	return &http.Client{Timeout: time.Second * 30}
-}
-
-func (r *PanelRequest) SetHeaders(req *http.Request) *http.Request {
-	req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/vnd.pterodactyl.v1+json")
-	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
-	req.Header.Set("Authorization", fmt.Sprintf("Bearer %s.%s", config.Get().AuthenticationTokenId, config.Get().AuthenticationToken))
-
-	return req
-}
-
-func (r *PanelRequest) GetEndpoint(endpoint string) string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf(
-		"%s/api/remote/%s",
-		strings.TrimSuffix(config.Get().PanelLocation, "/"),
-		strings.TrimPrefix(strings.TrimPrefix(endpoint, "/"), "api/remote/"),
-	)
-}
-
-// Logs the request into the debug log with all of the important request bits.
-// The authorization key will be cleaned up before being output.
-func (r *PanelRequest) logDebug(req *http.Request) {
-	headers := make(map[string][]string)
-	for k, v := range req.Header {
-		if k != "Authorization" || len(v) == 0 {
-			headers[k] = v
-			continue
-		}
-
-		headers[k] = []string{v[0][0:15] + "(redacted)"}
-	}
-
-	log.WithFields(log.Fields{
-		"method": req.Method,
-		"endpoint": req.URL.String(),
-		"headers": headers,
-	}).Debug("making request to external HTTP endpoint")
-}
-
-func (r *PanelRequest) Get(url string) (*http.Response, error) {
-	c := r.GetClient()
-
-	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, r.GetEndpoint(url), nil)
-	req = r.SetHeaders(req)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	r.logDebug(req)
-
-	return c.Do(req)
-}
-
-func (r *PanelRequest) Post(url string, data []byte) (*http.Response, error) {
-	c := r.GetClient()
-
-	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, r.GetEndpoint(url), bytes.NewBuffer(data))
-	req = r.SetHeaders(req)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	r.logDebug(req)
-
-	return c.Do(req)
-}
-
-// Determines if the API call encountered an error. If no request has been made
-// the response will be false.
-func (r *PanelRequest) HasError() bool {
-	if r.Response == nil {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	return r.Response.StatusCode >= 300 || r.Response.StatusCode < 200
-}
-
-// Reads the body from the response and returns it, then replaces it on the response
-// so that it can be read again later.
-func (r *PanelRequest) ReadBody() ([]byte, error) {
-	var b []byte
-	if r.Response == nil {
-		return nil, errors.New("no response exists on interface")
-	}
-
-	if r.Response.Body != nil {
-		b, _ = ioutil.ReadAll(r.Response.Body)
-	}
-
-	r.Response.Body = ioutil.NopCloser(bytes.NewBuffer(b))
-
-	return b, nil
-}
-
-func (r *PanelRequest) HttpResponseCode() int {
-	if r.Response == nil {
-		return 0
-	}
-
-	return r.Response.StatusCode
-}
-
-func IsRequestError(err error) bool {
-	_, ok := err.(*RequestError)
-
-	return ok
-}
-
-type RequestError struct {
-	Code   string `json:"code"`
-	Status string `json:"status"`
-	Detail string `json:"detail"`
-}
-
-// Returns the error response in a string form that can be more easily consumed.
-func (re *RequestError) Error() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%s: %s (HTTP/%s)", re.Code, re.Detail, re.Status)
-}
-
-func (re *RequestError) String() string {
-	return re.Error()
-}
-
-type RequestErrorBag struct {
-	Errors []RequestError `json:"errors"`
-}
-
-// Returns the error message from the API call as a string. The error message will be formatted
-// similar to the below example:
-//
-// HttpNotFoundException: The requested resource does not exist. (HTTP/404)
-func (r *PanelRequest) Error() *RequestError {
-	body, _ := r.ReadBody()
-
-	bag := RequestErrorBag{}
-	json.Unmarshal(body, &bag)
-
-	if len(bag.Errors) == 0 {
-		return new(RequestError)
-	}
-
-	return &bag.Errors[0]
-}

api/backup_endpoints.go

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-package api
-
-import (
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-)
-
-type BackupRequest struct {
-	Checksum string `json:"checksum"`
-	Size     int64  `json:"size"`
-	Successful bool `json:"successful"`
-}
-
-// Notifies the panel that a specific backup has been completed and is now
-// available for a user to view and download.
-func (r *PanelRequest) SendBackupStatus(backup string, data BackupRequest) (*RequestError, error) {
-	b, err := json.Marshal(data)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-
-	resp, err := r.Post(fmt.Sprintf("/backups/%s", backup), b)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
-
-	r.Response = resp
-	if r.HasError() {
-		return r.Error(), nil
-	}
-
-	return nil, nil
-}

api/server_endpoints.go

@@ -1,205 +0,0 @@
-package api
-
-import (
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/parser"
-)
-
-const (
-	ProcessStopCommand    = "command"
-	ProcessStopSignal     = "signal"
-	ProcessStopNativeStop = "stop"
-)
-
-// Holds the server configuration data returned from the Panel. When a server process
-// is started, Wings communicates with the Panel to fetch the latest build information
-// as well as get all of the details needed to parse the given Egg.
-//
-// This means we do not need to hit Wings each time part of the server is updated, and
-// the Panel serves as the source of truth at all times. This also means if a configuration
-// is accidentally wiped on Wings we can self-recover without too much hassle, so long
-// as Wings is aware of what servers should exist on it.
-type ServerConfigurationResponse struct {
-	Settings             json.RawMessage       `json:"settings"`
-	ProcessConfiguration *ProcessConfiguration `json:"process_configuration"`
-}
-
-// Defines the process configuration for a given server instance. This sets what the
-// daemon is looking for to mark a server as done starting, what to do when stopping,
-// and what changes to make to the configuration file for a server.
-type ProcessConfiguration struct {
-	Startup struct {
-		Done            string   `json:"done"`
-		UserInteraction []string `json:"userInteraction"`
-	} `json:"startup"`
-	Stop struct {
-		Type  string `json:"type"`
-		Value string `json:"value"`
-	} `json:"stop"`
-	ConfigurationFiles []parser.ConfigurationFile `json:"configs"`
-}
-
-// Defines installation script information for a server process. This is used when
-// a server is installed for the first time, and when a server is marked for re-installation.
-type InstallationScript struct {
-	ContainerImage string `json:"container_image"`
-	Entrypoint     string `json:"entrypoint"`
-	Script         string `json:"script"`
-}
-
-// GetAllServerConfigurations fetches configurations for all servers assigned to this node.
-func (r *PanelRequest) GetAllServerConfigurations() (map[string]*ServerConfigurationResponse, *RequestError, error) {
-	resp, err := r.Get("/servers")
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
-
-	r.Response = resp
-
-	if r.HasError() {
-		return nil, r.Error(), nil
-	}
-
-	b, _ := r.ReadBody()
-	res := map[string]*ServerConfigurationResponse{}
-	if len(b) == 2 {
-		return res, nil, nil
-	}
-
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(b, &res); err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-
-	return res, nil, nil
-}
-
-// Fetches the server configuration and returns the struct for it.
-func (r *PanelRequest) GetServerConfiguration(uuid string) (*ServerConfigurationResponse, *RequestError, error) {
-	resp, err := r.Get(fmt.Sprintf("/servers/%s", uuid))
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
-
-	r.Response = resp
-
-	if r.HasError() {
-		return nil, r.Error(), nil
-	}
-
-	res := &ServerConfigurationResponse{}
-	b, _ := r.ReadBody()
-
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(b, res); err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-
-	return res, nil, nil
-}
-
-// Fetches installation information for the server process.
-func (r *PanelRequest) GetInstallationScript(uuid string) (InstallationScript, *RequestError, error) {
-	res := InstallationScript{}
-
-	resp, err := r.Get(fmt.Sprintf("/servers/%s/install", uuid))
-	if err != nil {
-		return res, nil, errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
-
-	r.Response = resp
-
-	if r.HasError() {
-		return res, r.Error(), nil
-	}
-
-	b, _ := r.ReadBody()
-
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(b, &res); err != nil {
-		return res, nil, errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-
-	return res, nil, nil
-}
-
-type installRequest struct {
-	Successful bool `json:"successful"`
-}
-
-// Marks a server as being installed successfully or unsuccessfully on the panel.
-func (r *PanelRequest) SendInstallationStatus(uuid string, successful bool) (*RequestError, error) {
-	b, err := json.Marshal(installRequest{Successful: successful})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-
-	resp, err := r.Post(fmt.Sprintf("/servers/%s/install", uuid), b)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
-
-	r.Response = resp
-	if r.HasError() {
-		return r.Error(), nil
-	}
-
-	return nil, nil
-}
-
-type archiveRequest struct {
-	Successful bool `json:"successful"`
-}
-
-func (r *PanelRequest) SendArchiveStatus(uuid string, successful bool) (*RequestError, error) {
-	b, err := json.Marshal(archiveRequest{Successful: successful})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-
-	resp, err := r.Post(fmt.Sprintf("/servers/%s/archive", uuid), b)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
-
-	r.Response = resp
-	if r.HasError() {
-		return r.Error(), nil
-	}
-
-	return nil, nil
-}
-
-func (r *PanelRequest) SendTransferFailure(uuid string) (*RequestError, error) {
-	resp, err := r.Get(fmt.Sprintf("/servers/%s/transfer/failure", uuid))
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
-
-	r.Response = resp
-	if r.HasError() {
-		return r.Error(), nil
-	}
-
-	return nil, nil
-}
-
-func (r *PanelRequest) SendTransferSuccess(uuid string) (*RequestError, error) {
-	resp, err := r.Get(fmt.Sprintf("/servers/%s/transfer/success", uuid))
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
-
-	r.Response = resp
-	if r.HasError() {
-		return r.Error(), nil
-	}
-
-	return nil, nil
-}

api/sftp_endpoints.go

@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-package api
-
-import (
-	"encoding/json"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/sftp-server"
-	"go.uber.org/zap"
-)
-
-func (r *PanelRequest) ValidateSftpCredentials(request sftp_server.AuthenticationRequest) (*sftp_server.AuthenticationResponse, error) {
-	b, err := json.Marshal(request)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	resp, err := r.Post("/sftp/auth", b)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
-
-	r.Response = resp
-
-	if r.HasError() {
-		if r.HttpResponseCode() >= 400 && r.HttpResponseCode() < 500 {
-			zap.S().Debugw("failed to validate server credentials for SFTP", zap.String("error", r.Error().String()))
-
-			return nil, new(sftp_server.InvalidCredentialsError)
-		}
-
-		rerr := errors.New(r.Error().String())
-		zap.S().Warnw("error validating SFTP credentials", zap.Error(rerr))
-
-		return nil, rerr
-	}
-
-	response := new(sftp_server.AuthenticationResponse)
-	body, _ := r.ReadBody()
-
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, response); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return response, nil
-}

cmd/config_finder.go

@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-package cmd
-
-import (
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-)
-
-// We've gone through a couple of iterations of where the configuration is stored. This
-// helpful little function will look through the three areas it might have ended up, and
-// return it.
-//
-// We only run this if the configuration flag for the instance is not actually passed in
-// via the command line. Once found, the configuration is moved into the expected default
-// location. Only errors are returned from this function, you can safely assume that after
-// running this the configuration can be found in the correct default location.
-func RelocateConfiguration() error {
-	var match string
-	check := []string{
-		config.DefaultLocation,
-		"/var/lib/pterodactyl/config.yml",
-		"/etc/wings/config.yml",
-	}
-
-	// Loop over all of the configuration paths, and return which one we found, if
-	// any.
-	for _, p := range check {
-		if s, err := os.Stat(p); err != nil {
-			if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
-				return err
-			}
-		} else if !s.IsDir() {
-			match = p
-			break
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Just return a generic not exist error at this point if we didn't have a match, this
-	// will allow the caller to handle displaying a more friendly error to the user. If we
-	// did match in the default location, go ahead and return successfully.
-	if match == "" {
-		return os.ErrNotExist
-	} else if match == config.DefaultLocation {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	// The rest of this function simply creates the new default location and moves the
-	// old configuration file over to the new location, then sets the permissions on the
-	// file correctly so that only the user running this process can read it.
-	p, _ := filepath.Split(config.DefaultLocation)
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(p, 0755); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if err := os.Rename(match, config.DefaultLocation); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return os.Chmod(config.DefaultLocation, 0600)
-}

cmd/configure.go

@@ -4,10 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"crypto/tls"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
-	"github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2"
-	"github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2/terminal"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
@@ -15,6 +11,11 @@ import (
 	"path"
 	"regexp"
 	"time"
+
+	"github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2"
+	"github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2/terminal"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -146,7 +147,7 @@ func configureCmdRun(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 
 	b, err := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
 
-	cfg, err := config.NewFromPath(configPath)
+	cfg, err := config.NewAtPath(configPath)
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
@@ -155,7 +156,7 @@ func configureCmdRun(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 		panic(err)
 	}
 
-	if err = cfg.WriteToDisk(); err != nil {
+	if err = config.WriteToDisk(cfg); err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
 

cmd/diagnostics.go

@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2"
+	"github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2/terminal"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/parsers/kernel"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/parsers/operatingsystem"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/environment"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/loggers/cli"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+const DefaultHastebinUrl = "https://ptero.co"
+const DefaultLogLines = 200
+
+var (
+	diagnosticsArgs struct {
+		IncludeEndpoints   bool
+		IncludeLogs        bool
+		ReviewBeforeUpload bool
+		HastebinURL        string
+		LogLines           int
+	}
+)
+
+func newDiagnosticsCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	command := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "diagnostics",
+		Short: "Collect and report information about this Wings instance to assist in debugging.",
+		PreRun: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+			initConfig()
+			log.SetHandler(cli.Default)
+		},
+		Run: diagnosticsCmdRun,
+	}
+
+	command.Flags().StringVar(&diagnosticsArgs.HastebinURL, "hastebin-url", DefaultHastebinUrl, "the url of the hastebin instance to use")
+	command.Flags().IntVar(&diagnosticsArgs.LogLines, "log-lines", DefaultLogLines, "the number of log lines to include in the report")
+
+	return command
+}
+
+// diagnosticsCmdRun collects diagnostics about wings, it's configuration and the node.
+// We collect:
+// - wings and docker versions
+// - relevant parts of daemon configuration
+// - the docker debug output
+// - running docker containers
+// - logs
+func diagnosticsCmdRun(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+	questions := []*survey.Question{
+		{
+			Name:   "IncludeEndpoints",
+			Prompt: &survey.Confirm{Message: "Do you want to include endpoints (i.e. the FQDN/IP of your panel)?", Default: false},
+		},
+		{
+			Name:   "IncludeLogs",
+			Prompt: &survey.Confirm{Message: "Do you want to include the latest logs?", Default: true},
+		},
+		{
+			Name: "ReviewBeforeUpload",
+			Prompt: &survey.Confirm{
+				Message: "Do you want to review the collected data before uploading to hastebin.com?",
+				Help:    "The data, especially the logs, might contain sensitive information, so you should review it. You will be asked again if you want to upload.",
+				Default: true,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	if err := survey.Ask(questions, &diagnosticsArgs); err != nil {
+		if err == terminal.InterruptErr {
+			return
+		}
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	dockerVersion, dockerInfo, dockerErr := getDockerInfo()
+
+	output := &strings.Builder{}
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "Pterodactyl Wings - Diagnostics Report")
+	printHeader(output, "Versions")
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "         wings:", system.Version)
+	if dockerErr == nil {
+		fmt.Fprintln(output, "Docker:", dockerVersion.Version)
+	}
+	if v, err := kernel.GetKernelVersion(); err == nil {
+		fmt.Fprintln(output, "Kernel:", v)
+	}
+	if os, err := operatingsystem.GetOperatingSystem(); err == nil {
+		fmt.Fprintln(output, "    OS:", os)
+	}
+
+	printHeader(output, "Wings Configuration")
+	if err := config.FromFile(config.DefaultLocation); err != nil {
+
+	}
+	cfg := config.Get()
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "    Panel Location:", redact(cfg.PanelLocation))
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "")
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, " Internal Webserver:", redact(cfg.Api.Host), ":", cfg.Api.Port)
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "        SSL Enabled:", cfg.Api.Ssl.Enabled)
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "    SSL Certificate:", redact(cfg.Api.Ssl.CertificateFile))
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "            SSL Key:", redact(cfg.Api.Ssl.KeyFile))
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "")
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "        SFTP Server:", redact(cfg.System.Sftp.Address), ":", cfg.System.Sftp.Port)
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "     SFTP Read-Only:", cfg.System.Sftp.ReadOnly)
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "")
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "     Root Directory:", cfg.System.RootDirectory)
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "     Logs Directory:", cfg.System.LogDirectory)
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "     Data Directory:", cfg.System.Data)
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "  Archive Directory:", cfg.System.ArchiveDirectory)
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "   Backup Directory:", cfg.System.BackupDirectory)
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "")
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "           Username:", cfg.System.Username)
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "        Server Time:", time.Now().Format(time.RFC1123Z))
+	fmt.Fprintln(output, "         Debug Mode:", cfg.Debug)
+
+	printHeader(output, "Docker: Info")
+	if dockerErr == nil {
+		fmt.Fprintln(output, "Server Version:", dockerInfo.ServerVersion)
+		fmt.Fprintln(output, "Storage Driver:", dockerInfo.Driver)
+		if dockerInfo.DriverStatus != nil {
+			for _, pair := range dockerInfo.DriverStatus {
+				fmt.Fprintf(output, "  %s: %s\n", pair[0], pair[1])
+			}
+		}
+		if dockerInfo.SystemStatus != nil {
+			for _, pair := range dockerInfo.SystemStatus {
+				fmt.Fprintf(output, " %s: %s\n", pair[0], pair[1])
+			}
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintln(output, "LoggingDriver:", dockerInfo.LoggingDriver)
+		fmt.Fprintln(output, " CgroupDriver:", dockerInfo.CgroupDriver)
+		if len(dockerInfo.Warnings) > 0 {
+			for _, w := range dockerInfo.Warnings {
+				fmt.Fprintln(output, w)
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		fmt.Fprintln(output, dockerErr.Error())
+	}
+
+	printHeader(output, "Docker: Running Containers")
+	c := exec.Command("docker", "ps")
+	if co, err := c.Output(); err == nil {
+		output.Write(co)
+	} else {
+		fmt.Fprint(output, "Couldn't list containers: ", err)
+	}
+
+	printHeader(output, "Latest Wings Logs")
+	if diagnosticsArgs.IncludeLogs {
+		p := "/var/log/pterodactyl/wings.log"
+		if cfg != nil {
+			p = path.Join(cfg.System.LogDirectory, "wings.log")
+		}
+		if c, err := exec.Command("tail", "-n", strconv.Itoa(diagnosticsArgs.LogLines), p).Output(); err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintln(output, "No logs found or an error occurred.")
+		} else {
+			fmt.Fprintf(output, "%s\n", string(c))
+		}
+	} else {
+		fmt.Fprintln(output, "Logs redacted.")
+	}
+
+	fmt.Println("\n---------------  generated report  ---------------")
+	fmt.Println(output.String())
+	fmt.Print("---------------   end of report    ---------------\n\n")
+
+	upload := !diagnosticsArgs.ReviewBeforeUpload
+	if !upload {
+		survey.AskOne(&survey.Confirm{Message: "Upload to " + diagnosticsArgs.HastebinURL + "?", Default: false}, &upload)
+	}
+	if upload {
+		u, err := uploadToHastebin(diagnosticsArgs.HastebinURL, output.String())
+		if err == nil {
+			fmt.Println("Your report is available here: ", u)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func getDockerInfo() (types.Version, types.Info, error) {
+	client, err := environment.Docker()
+	if err != nil {
+		return types.Version{}, types.Info{}, err
+	}
+	dockerVersion, err := client.ServerVersion(context.Background())
+	if err != nil {
+		return types.Version{}, types.Info{}, err
+	}
+	dockerInfo, err := client.Info(context.Background())
+	if err != nil {
+		return types.Version{}, types.Info{}, err
+	}
+	return dockerVersion, dockerInfo, nil
+}
+
+func uploadToHastebin(hbUrl, content string) (string, error) {
+	r := strings.NewReader(content)
+	u, err := url.Parse(hbUrl)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	u.Path = path.Join(u.Path, "documents")
+	res, err := http.Post(u.String(), "plain/text", r)
+	if err != nil || res.StatusCode != 200 {
+		fmt.Println("Failed to upload report to ", u.String(), err)
+		return "", err
+	}
+	pres := make(map[string]interface{})
+	body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Println("Failed to parse response.", err)
+		return "", err
+	}
+	json.Unmarshal(body, &pres)
+	if key, ok := pres["key"].(string); ok {
+		u, _ := url.Parse(hbUrl)
+		u.Path = path.Join(u.Path, key)
+		return u.String(), nil
+	}
+	return "", errors.New("failed to find key in response")
+}
+
+func redact(s string) string {
+	if !diagnosticsArgs.IncludeEndpoints {
+		return "{redacted}"
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
+func printHeader(w io.Writer, title string) {
+	fmt.Fprintln(w, "\n|\n|", title)
+	fmt.Fprintln(w, "| ------------------------------")
+}

cmd/root.go

@@ -2,289 +2,424 @@ package cmd
 
 import (
 	"crypto/tls"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"github.com/apex/log"
-	"github.com/mitchellh/colorstring"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/loggers/cli"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/metrics"
+	log2 "log"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/NYTimes/logrotate"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/apex/log/handlers/multi"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/client"
+	"github.com/gammazero/workerpool"
+	"github.com/mitchellh/colorstring"
 	"github.com/pkg/profile"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/environment"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/loggers/cli"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/remote"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/sftp"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
-	"github.com/remeh/sizedwaitgroup"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-	"go.uber.org/zap"
+	"golang.org/x/crypto/acme"
+	"golang.org/x/crypto/acme/autocert"
 )
 
-var configPath = config.DefaultLocation
-var debug = false
-var shouldRunProfiler = false
+var (
+	configPath = config.DefaultLocation
+	debug      = false
+)
 
-var root = &cobra.Command{
+var rootCommand = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "wings",
-	Short: "The wings of the pterodactyl game management panel",
-	Long:  ``,
+	Short: "Runs the API server allowing programatic control of game servers for Pterodactyl Panel.",
+	PreRun: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		initConfig()
+		initLogging()
+		if tls, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("auto-tls"); tls {
+			if host, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("tls-hostname"); host == "" {
+				fmt.Println("A TLS hostname must be provided when running wings with automatic TLS, e.g.:\n\n    ./wings --auto-tls --tls-hostname my.example.com")
+				os.Exit(1)
+			}
+		}
+	},
 	Run: rootCmdRun,
 }
 
+var versionCommand = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "version",
+	Short: "Prints the current executable version and exits.",
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) {
+		fmt.Printf("wings v%s\nCopyright © 2018 - %d Dane Everitt & Contributors\n", system.Version, time.Now().Year())
+	},
+}
+
+func Execute() {
+	if err := rootCommand.Execute(); err != nil {
+		log2.Fatalf("failed to execute command: %s", err)
+	}
+}
+
 func init() {
-	root.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&configPath, "config", config.DefaultLocation, "set the location for the configuration file")
-	root.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&debug, "debug", false, "pass in order to run wings in debug mode")
-	root.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&shouldRunProfiler, "profile", false, "pass in order to profile wings")
+	rootCommand.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&configPath, "config", config.DefaultLocation, "set the location for the configuration file")
+	rootCommand.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&debug, "debug", false, "pass in order to run wings in debug mode")
 
-	root.AddCommand(configureCmd)
+	// Flags specifically used when running the API.
+	rootCommand.Flags().String("profiler", "", "the profiler to run for this instance")
+	rootCommand.Flags().Bool("auto-tls", false, "pass in order to have wings generate and manage it's own SSL certificates using Let's Encrypt")
+	rootCommand.Flags().String("tls-hostname", "", "required with --auto-tls, the FQDN for the generated SSL certificate")
+	rootCommand.Flags().Bool("ignore-certificate-errors", false, "ignore certificate verification errors when executing API calls")
+
+	rootCommand.AddCommand(versionCommand)
+	rootCommand.AddCommand(configureCmd)
+	rootCommand.AddCommand(newDiagnosticsCommand())
 }
 
-// Get the configuration path based on the arguments provided.
-func readConfiguration() (*config.Configuration, error) {
-	var p = configPath
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(p, "/") {
-		d, err := os.Getwd()
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
-		p = path.Clean(path.Join(d, configPath))
-	}
-
-	if s, err := os.Stat(p); err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.WithStack(err)
-	} else if s.IsDir() {
-		return nil, errors.New("cannot use directory as configuration file path")
-	}
-
-	return config.ReadConfiguration(p)
-}
-
-func rootCmdRun(*cobra.Command, []string) {
-	if shouldRunProfiler {
-		defer profile.Start().Stop()
-	}
-
-	// Only attempt configuration file relocation if a custom location has not
-	// been specified in the command startup.
-	if configPath == config.DefaultLocation {
-		if err := RelocateConfiguration(); err != nil {
-			if os.IsNotExist(err) {
-				exitWithConfigurationNotice()
-			}
-
-			panic(err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	c, err := readConfiguration()
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-
-	if debug {
-		c.Debug = true
+func rootCmdRun(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) {
+	switch cmd.Flag("profiler").Value.String() {
+	case "cpu":
+		defer profile.Start(profile.CPUProfile).Stop()
+	case "mem":
+		defer profile.Start(profile.MemProfile).Stop()
+	case "alloc":
+		defer profile.Start(profile.MemProfile, profile.MemProfileAllocs()).Stop()
+	case "heap":
+		defer profile.Start(profile.MemProfile, profile.MemProfileHeap()).Stop()
+	case "routines":
+		defer profile.Start(profile.GoroutineProfile).Stop()
+	case "mutex":
+		defer profile.Start(profile.MutexProfile).Stop()
+	case "threads":
+		defer profile.Start(profile.ThreadcreationProfile).Stop()
+	case "block":
+		defer profile.Start(profile.BlockProfile).Stop()
 	}
 
 	printLogo()
-	if err := configureLogging(c.Debug); err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-
-	log.WithField("path", c.GetPath()).Info("loading configuration from path")
-	if c.Debug {
 	log.Debug("running in debug mode")
-		log.Info("certificate checking is disabled")
+	log.WithField("config_file", configPath).Info("loading configuration from file")
 
+	if ok, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("ignore-certificate-errors"); ok {
+		log.Warn("running with --ignore-certificate-errors: TLS certificate host chains and name will not be verified")
 		http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport).TLSClientConfig = &tls.Config{
 			InsecureSkipVerify: true,
 		}
 	}
 
-	config.Set(c)
-	config.SetDebugViaFlag(debug)
-
-	if err := c.System.ConfigureDirectories(); err != nil {
-		log.Fatal("failed to configure system directories for pterodactyl")
-		panic(err)
+	if err := config.ConfigureTimezone(); err != nil {
+		log.WithField("error", err).Fatal("failed to detect system timezone or use supplied configuration value")
+	}
+	log.WithField("timezone", config.Get().System.Timezone).Info("configured wings with system timezone")
+	if err := config.ConfigureDirectories(); err != nil {
+		log.WithField("error", err).Fatal("failed to configure system directories for pterodactyl")
+		return
+	}
+	if err := config.EnableLogRotation(); err != nil {
+		log.WithField("error", err).Fatal("failed to configure log rotation on the system")
+		return
 	}
 
-	log.WithField("username", c.System.Username).Info("checking for pterodactyl system user")
-	if su, err := c.EnsurePterodactylUser(); err != nil {
-		log.Error("failed to create pterodactyl system user")
-		panic(err)
-		return
-	} else {
+	log.WithField("username", config.Get().System.User).Info("checking for pterodactyl system user")
+	if err := config.EnsurePterodactylUser(); err != nil {
+		log.WithField("error", err).Fatal("failed to create pterodactyl system user")
+	}
 	log.WithFields(log.Fields{
-			"username": su.Username,
-			"uid":      su.Uid,
-			"gid":      su.Gid,
+		"username": config.Get().System.Username,
+		"uid":      config.Get().System.User.Uid,
+		"gid":      config.Get().System.User.Gid,
 	}).Info("configured system user successfully")
-	}
 
-	log.Info("beginning file permission setting on server data directories")
-	if err := c.EnsureFilePermissions(); err != nil {
-		log.WithField("error", err).Error("failed to properly chown data directories")
-	} else {
-		log.Info("finished ensuring file permissions")
-	}
+	done := make(chan bool)
+	go metrics.Initialize(done)
 
-	if err := server.LoadDirectory(); err != nil {
+	pclient := remote.New(
+		config.Get().PanelLocation,
+		remote.WithCredentials(config.Get().AuthenticationTokenId, config.Get().AuthenticationToken),
+		remote.WithHttpClient(&http.Client{
+			Timeout: time.Second * time.Duration(config.Get().RemoteQuery.Timeout),
+		}),
+	)
+
+	manager, err := server.NewManager(cmd.Context(), pclient)
+	if err != nil {
 		log.WithField("error", err).Fatal("failed to load server configurations")
-		return
 	}
 
-	if err := environment.ConfigureDocker(&c.Docker); err != nil {
+	if err := environment.ConfigureDocker(cmd.Context()); err != nil {
 		log.WithField("error", err).Fatal("failed to configure docker environment")
-		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 
-	if err := c.WriteToDisk(); err != nil {
-		log.WithField("error", err).Error("failed to save configuration to disk")
+	if err := config.WriteToDisk(config.Get()); err != nil {
+		log.WithField("error", err).Fatal("failed to write configuration to disk")
 	}
 
 	// Just for some nice log output.
-	for _, s := range server.GetServers().All() {
-		log.WithField("server", s.Uuid).Info("loaded configuration for server")
+	for _, s := range manager.All() {
+		log.WithField("server", s.Id()).Info("finished loading configuration for server")
 	}
 
-	// Create a new WaitGroup that limits us to 4 servers being bootstrapped at a time
-	// on Wings. This allows us to ensure the environment exists, write configurations,
-	// and reboot processes without causing a slow-down due to sequential booting.
-	wg := sizedwaitgroup.New(4)
+	states, err := manager.ReadStates()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.WithField("error", err).Error("failed to retrieve locally cached server states from disk, assuming all servers in offline state")
+	}
 
-	for _, serv := range server.GetServers().All() {
-		wg.Add()
-
-		go func(s *server.Server) {
-			// Required for tracing purposes.
-			var err error
-
-			defer func() {
-				s.Log().Trace("ensuring server environment exists").Stop(&err)
-				wg.Done()
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(time.Minute)
+	// Every minute, write the current server states to the disk to allow for a more
+	// seamless hard-reboot process in which wings will re-sync server states based
+	// on it's last tracked state.
+	go func() {
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-ticker.C:
+				if err := manager.PersistStates(); err != nil {
+					log.WithField("error", err).Warn("failed to persist server states to disk")
+				}
+			case <-cmd.Context().Done():
+				ticker.Stop()
+				return
+			}
+		}
 	}()
 
-			// Create a server environment if none exists currently. This allows us to recover from Docker
-			// being reinstalled on the host system for example.
-			if err = s.Environment.Create(); err != nil {
-				s.Log().WithField("error", err).Error("failed to process environment")
+	// Create a new workerpool that limits us to 4 servers being bootstrapped at a time
+	// on Wings. This allows us to ensure the environment exists, write configurations,
+	// and reboot processes without causing a slow-down due to sequential booting.
+	pool := workerpool.New(4)
+	for _, serv := range manager.All() {
+		s := serv
+
+		// For each server we encounter make sure the root data directory exists.
+		if err := s.EnsureDataDirectoryExists(); err != nil {
+			s.Log().Error("could not create root data directory for server: not loading server...")
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if states[s.Id()] == environment.ProcessRunningState {
+			metrics.ServerStatus.WithLabelValues(s.Id()).Set(1)
+		} else {
+			metrics.ServerStatus.WithLabelValues(s.Id()).Set(0)
+		}
+
+		pool.Submit(func() {
+			s.Log().Info("configuring server environment and restoring to previous state")
+			var st string
+			if state, exists := states[s.Id()]; exists {
+				st = state
 			}
 
 			r, err := s.Environment.IsRunning()
-			if err != nil {
+			// We ignore missing containers because we don't want to actually block booting of wings at this
+			// point. If we didn't do this and you pruned all of the images and then started wings you could
+			// end up waiting a long period of time for all of the images to be re-pulled on Wings boot rather
+			// than when the server itself is started.
+			if err != nil && !client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
 				s.Log().WithField("error", err).Error("error checking server environment status")
 			}
 
+			// Check if the server was previously running. If so, attempt to start the server now so that Wings
+			// can pick up where it left off. If the environment does not exist at all, just create it and then allow
+			// the normal flow to execute.
+			//
+			// This does mean that booting wings after a catastrophic machine crash and wiping out the Docker images
+			// as a result will result in a slow boot.
+			if !r && (st == environment.ProcessRunningState || st == environment.ProcessStartingState) {
+				if err := s.HandlePowerAction(server.PowerActionStart); err != nil {
+					s.Log().WithField("error", err).Warn("failed to return server to running state")
+				}
+			} else if r || (!r && s.IsRunning()) {
 				// If the server is currently running on Docker, mark the process as being in that state.
 				// We never want to stop an instance that is currently running external from Wings since
 				// that is a good way of keeping things running even if Wings gets in a very corrupted state.
 				//
 				// This will also validate that a server process is running if the last tracked state we have
 				// is that it was running, but we see that the container process is not currently running.
-			if r || (!r && s.IsRunning()) {
 				s.Log().Info("detected server is running, re-attaching to process...")
-				if err := s.Environment.Start(); err != nil {
-					s.Log().WithField("error", errors.WithStack(err)).Warn("failed to properly start server detected as already running")
+
+				s.Environment.SetState(environment.ProcessRunningState)
+				if err := s.Environment.Attach(); err != nil {
+					s.Log().WithField("error", err).Warn("failed to attach to running server environment")
+				}
+			} else {
+				// At this point we've determined that the server should indeed be in an offline state, so we'll
+				// make a call to set that state just to ensure we don't ever accidentally end up with some invalid
+				// state being tracked.
+				s.Environment.SetState(environment.ProcessOfflineState)
+			}
+		})
 	}
 
+	// Wait until all of the servers are ready to go before we fire up the SFTP and HTTP servers.
+	pool.StopWait()
+	defer func() {
+		// Cancel the context on all of the running servers at this point, even though the
+		// program is just shutting down.
+		for _, s := range manager.All() {
+			s.CtxCancel()
+		}
+	}()
+
+	go func() {
+		// Run the SFTP server.
+		if err := sftp.New(manager).Run(); err != nil {
+			log.WithError(err).Fatal("failed to initialize the sftp server")
 			return
 		}
+	}()
 
-			// Addresses potentially invalid data in the stored file that can cause Wings to lose
-			// track of what the actual server state is.
-			s.SetState(server.ProcessOfflineState)
-		}(serv)
+	go func() {
+		log.Info("updating server states on Panel: marking installing/restoring servers as normal")
+		// Update all of the servers on the Panel to be in a valid state if they're
+		// currently marked as installing/restoring now that Wings is restarted.
+		if err := pclient.ResetServersState(cmd.Context()); err != nil {
+			log.WithField("error", err).Error("failed to reset server states on Panel: some instances may be stuck in an installing/restoring state unexpectedly")
 		}
+	}()
 
-	// Wait until all of the servers are ready to go before we fire up the HTTP server.
-	wg.Wait()
-
-	// Initalize SFTP.
-	sftp.Initialize(c)
-
+	sys := config.Get().System
 	// Ensure the archive directory exists.
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(c.System.ArchiveDirectory, 0755); err != nil {
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(sys.ArchiveDirectory, 0755); err != nil {
 		log.WithField("error", err).Error("failed to create archive directory")
 	}
 
 	// Ensure the backup directory exists.
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(c.System.BackupDirectory, 0755); err != nil {
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(sys.BackupDirectory, 0755); err != nil {
 		log.WithField("error", err).Error("failed to create backup directory")
 	}
 
+	autotls, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("auto-tls")
+	tlshostname, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("tls-hostname")
+	if autotls && tlshostname == "" {
+		autotls = false
+	}
+
+	api := config.Get().Api
 	log.WithFields(log.Fields{
-		"ssl": c.Api.Ssl.Enabled,
-		"host": c.Api.Host,
-		"port": c.Api.Port,
-	}).Info("configuring webserver...")
+		"use_ssl":      api.Ssl.Enabled,
+		"use_auto_tls": autotls,
+		"host_address": api.Host,
+		"host_port":    api.Port,
+	}).Info("configuring internal webserver")
 
-	r := router.Configure()
-	addr := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", c.Api.Host, c.Api.Port)
-
-	if c.Api.Ssl.Enabled {
-		if err := r.RunTLS(addr, c.Api.Ssl.CertificateFile, c.Api.Ssl.KeyFile); err != nil {
-			log.WithField("error", err).Fatal("failed to configure HTTPS server")
-			os.Exit(1)
+	// Create a new HTTP server instance to handle inbound requests from the Panel
+	// and external clients.
+	s := &http.Server{
+		Addr:      api.Host + ":" + strconv.Itoa(api.Port),
+		Handler:   router.Configure(manager, pclient),
+		TLSConfig: config.DefaultTLSConfig,
 	}
-	} else {
-		if err := r.Run(addr); err != nil {
+
+	// Check if the server should run with TLS but using autocert.
+	if autotls {
+		m := autocert.Manager{
+			Prompt:     autocert.AcceptTOS,
+			Cache:      autocert.DirCache(path.Join(sys.RootDirectory, "/.tls-cache")),
+			HostPolicy: autocert.HostWhitelist(tlshostname),
+		}
+
+		log.WithField("hostname", tlshostname).Info("webserver is now listening with auto-TLS enabled; certificates will be automatically generated by Let's Encrypt")
+
+		// Hook autocert into the main http server.
+		s.TLSConfig.GetCertificate = m.GetCertificate
+		s.TLSConfig.NextProtos = append(s.TLSConfig.NextProtos, acme.ALPNProto) // enable tls-alpn ACME challenges
+
+		// Start the autocert server.
+		go func() {
+			if err := http.ListenAndServe(":http", m.HTTPHandler(nil)); err != nil {
+				log.WithError(err).Error("failed to serve autocert http server")
+			}
+		}()
+		// Start the main http server with TLS using autocert.
+		if err := s.ListenAndServeTLS("", ""); err != nil {
+			log.WithFields(log.Fields{"auto_tls": true, "tls_hostname": tlshostname, "error": err}).Fatal("failed to configure HTTP server using auto-tls")
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Check if main http server should run with TLS. Otherwise reset the TLS
+	// config on the server and then serve it over normal HTTP.
+	if api.Ssl.Enabled {
+		if err := s.ListenAndServeTLS(strings.ToLower(api.Ssl.CertificateFile), strings.ToLower(api.Ssl.KeyFile)); err != nil {
+			log.WithFields(log.Fields{"auto_tls": false, "error": err}).Fatal("failed to configure HTTPS server")
+		}
+		return
+	}
+	s.TLSConfig = nil
+	if err := s.ListenAndServe(); err != nil {
 		log.WithField("error", err).Fatal("failed to configure HTTP server")
-			os.Exit(1)
-		}
 	}
+	<-done
 }
 
-// Execute calls cobra to handle cli commands
-func Execute() error {
-	return root.Execute()
+// Reads the configuration from the disk and then sets up the global singleton
+// with all of the configuration values.
+func initConfig() {
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(configPath, "/") {
+		d, err := os.Getwd()
+		if err != nil {
+			log2.Fatalf("cmd/root: could not determine directory: %s", err)
+		}
+		configPath = path.Clean(path.Join(d, configPath))
+	}
+	err := config.FromFile(configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			exitWithConfigurationNotice()
+		}
+		log2.Fatalf("cmd/root: error while reading configuration file: %s", err)
+	}
+	if debug && !config.Get().Debug {
+		config.SetDebugViaFlag(debug)
+	}
 }
 
 // Configures the global logger for Zap so that we can call it from any location
 // in the code without having to pass around a logger instance.
-func configureLogging(debug bool) error {
-	cfg := zap.NewProductionConfig()
-	if debug {
-		cfg = zap.NewDevelopmentConfig()
+func initLogging() {
+	dir := config.Get().System.LogDirectory
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(path.Join(dir, "/install"), 0700); err != nil {
+		log2.Fatalf("cmd/root: failed to create install directory path: %s", err)
 	}
-
-	cfg.Encoding = "console"
-	cfg.OutputPaths = []string{
-		"stdout",
-	}
-
-	logger, err := cfg.Build()
+	p := filepath.Join(dir, "/wings.log")
+	w, err := logrotate.NewFile(p)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		log2.Fatalf("cmd/root: failed to create wings log: %s", err)
 	}
-
-	zap.ReplaceGlobals(logger)
-
-	log.SetHandler(cli.Default)
+	log.SetLevel(log.InfoLevel)
+	if config.Get().Debug {
 		log.SetLevel(log.DebugLevel)
-
-	return nil
+	}
+	log.SetHandler(multi.New(cli.Default, cli.New(w.File, false)))
+	log.WithField("path", p).Info("writing log files to disk")
 }
 
 // Prints the wings logo, nothing special here!
 func printLogo() {
-	fmt.Println()
-	fmt.Println(`                     ____`)
-	fmt.Println(`__ Pterodactyl _____/___/_______ _______ ______`)
-	fmt.Println(`\_____\    \/\/    /   /       /  __   /   ___/`)
-	fmt.Println(`   \___\          /   /   /   /  /_/  /___   /`)
-	fmt.Println(`        \___/\___/___/___/___/___    /______/`)
-	fmt.Println(`                            /_______/ v` + system.Version)
-	fmt.Println()
-	fmt.Println(`Website: https://pterodactyl.io`)
-	fmt.Println(`Source: https://github.com/pterodactyl/wings`)
-	fmt.Println()
-	fmt.Println(`Copyright © 2018 - 2020 Dane Everitt & Contributors`)
-	fmt.Println()
+	fmt.Printf(colorstring.Color(`
+                     ____
+__ [blue][bold]Pterodactyl[reset] _____/___/_______ _______ ______
+\_____\    \/\/    /   /       /  __   /   ___/
+   \___\          /   /   /   /  /_/  /___   /
+        \___/\___/___/___/___/___    /______/
+                            /_______/ [bold]%s[reset]
+
+Copyright © 2018 - %d Dane Everitt & Contributors
+
+Website:  https://pterodactyl.io
+ Source:  https://github.com/pterodactyl/wings
+License:  https://github.com/pterodactyl/wings/blob/develop/LICENSE
+
+This software is made available under the terms of the MIT license.
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.%s`), system.Version, time.Now().Year(), "\n\n")
 }
 
 func exitWithConfigurationNotice() {
@@ -292,11 +427,8 @@ func exitWithConfigurationNotice() {
 [_red_][white][bold]Error: Configuration File Not Found[reset]
 
 Wings was not able to locate your configuration file, and therefore is not
-able to complete its boot process.
-
-Please ensure you have copied your instance configuration file into
-the default location, or have provided the --config flag to use a
-custom location.
+able to complete its boot process. Please ensure you have copied your instance
+configuration file into the default location below.
 
 Default Location: /etc/pterodactyl/config.yml
 

config/config.go

@@ -1,40 +1,260 @@
 package config
 
 import (
-	"errors"
+	"context"
+	"crypto/tls"
 	"fmt"
-	"github.com/apex/log"
-	"github.com/cobaugh/osrelease"
-	"github.com/creasty/defaults"
-	"github.com/gbrlsnchs/jwt/v3"
-	"gopkg.in/yaml.v2"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"os/user"
 	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"regexp"
-	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
+	"text/template"
+	"time"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/cobaugh/osrelease"
+	"github.com/creasty/defaults"
+	"github.com/gbrlsnchs/jwt/v3"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
+	"gopkg.in/yaml.v2"
 )
 
 const DefaultLocation = "/etc/pterodactyl/config.yml"
 
-type Configuration struct {
-	sync.RWMutex `json:"-" yaml:"-"`
+// DefaultTLSConfig sets sane defaults to use when configuring the internal
+// webserver to listen for public connections.
+//
+// @see https://blog.cloudflare.com/exposing-go-on-the-internet
+var DefaultTLSConfig = &tls.Config{
+	NextProtos: []string{"h2", "http/1.1"},
+	CipherSuites: []uint16{
+		tls.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
+		tls.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
+		tls.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
+		tls.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
+		tls.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256,
+		tls.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256,
+	},
+	PreferServerCipherSuites: true,
+	MinVersion:               tls.VersionTLS12,
+	MaxVersion:               tls.VersionTLS13,
+	CurvePreferences:         []tls.CurveID{tls.X25519, tls.CurveP256},
+}
 
-	// The location from which this configuration instance was instantiated.
-	path string
+var mu sync.RWMutex
+var _config *Configuration
+var _jwtAlgo *jwt.HMACSHA
+var _debugViaFlag bool
 
 // Locker specific to writing the configuration to the disk, this happens
 // in areas that might already be locked so we don't want to crash the process.
-	writeLock sync.Mutex
+var _writeLock sync.Mutex
+
+// SftpConfiguration defines the configuration of the internal SFTP server.
+type SftpConfiguration struct {
+	// The bind address of the SFTP server.
+	Address string `default:"0.0.0.0" json:"bind_address" yaml:"bind_address"`
+	// The bind port of the SFTP server.
+	Port int `default:"2022" json:"bind_port" yaml:"bind_port"`
+	// If set to true, no write actions will be allowed on the SFTP server.
+	ReadOnly bool `default:"false" yaml:"read_only"`
+}
+
+// ApiConfiguration defines the configuration for the internal API that is
+// exposed by the Wings webserver.
+type ApiConfiguration struct {
+	// The interface that the internal webserver should bind to.
+	Host string `default:"0.0.0.0" yaml:"host"`
+
+	// The port that the internal webserver should bind to.
+	Port int `default:"8080" yaml:"port"`
+
+	// SSL configuration for the daemon.
+	Ssl struct {
+		Enabled         bool   `json:"enabled" yaml:"enabled"`
+		CertificateFile string `json:"cert" yaml:"cert"`
+		KeyFile         string `json:"key" yaml:"key"`
+	}
+
+	// Determines if functionality for allowing remote download of files into server directories
+	// is enabled on this instance. If set to "true" remote downloads will not be possible for
+	// servers.
+	DisableRemoteDownload bool `json:"disable_remote_download" yaml:"disable_remote_download"`
+
+	// The maximum size for files uploaded through the Panel in bytes.
+	UploadLimit int `default:"100" json:"upload_limit" yaml:"upload_limit"`
+}
+
+// MetricsConfiguration .
+type MetricsConfiguration struct {
+	// Bind .
+	Bind string `default:":9000" yaml:"bind"`
+}
+
+// RemoteQueryConfiguration defines the configuration settings for remote requests
+// from Wings to the Panel.
+type RemoteQueryConfiguration struct {
+	// The amount of time in seconds that Wings should allow for a request to the Panel API
+	// to complete. If this time passes the request will be marked as failed. If your requests
+	// are taking longer than 30 seconds to complete it is likely a performance issue that
+	// should be resolved on the Panel, and not something that should be resolved by upping this
+	// number.
+	Timeout int `default:"30" yaml:"timeout"`
+
+	// The number of servers to load in a single request to the Panel API when booting the
+	// Wings instance. A single request is initially made to the Panel to get this number
+	// of servers, and then the pagination status is checked and additional requests are
+	// fired off in parallel to request the remaining pages.
+	//
+	// It is not recommended to change this from the default as you will likely encounter
+	// memory limits on your Panel instance. In the grand scheme of things 4 requests for
+	// 50 servers is likely just as quick as two for 100 or one for 400, and will certainly
+	// be less likely to cause performance issues on the Panel.
+	BootServersPerPage int `default:"50" yaml:"boot_servers_per_page"`
+}
+
+// SystemConfiguration defines basic system configuration settings.
+type SystemConfiguration struct {
+	// The root directory where all of the pterodactyl data is stored at.
+	RootDirectory string `default:"/var/lib/pterodactyl" yaml:"root_directory"`
+
+	// Directory where logs for server installations and other wings events are logged.
+	LogDirectory string `default:"/var/log/pterodactyl" yaml:"log_directory"`
+
+	// Directory where the server data is stored at.
+	Data string `default:"/var/lib/pterodactyl/volumes" yaml:"data"`
+
+	// Directory where server archives for transferring will be stored.
+	ArchiveDirectory string `default:"/var/lib/pterodactyl/archives" yaml:"archive_directory"`
+
+	// Directory where local backups will be stored on the machine.
+	BackupDirectory string `default:"/var/lib/pterodactyl/backups" yaml:"backup_directory"`
+
+	// The user that should own all of the server files, and be used for containers.
+	Username string `default:"pterodactyl" yaml:"username"`
+
+	// The timezone for this Wings instance. This is detected by Wings automatically if possible,
+	// and falls back to UTC if not able to be detected. If you need to set this manually, that
+	// can also be done.
+	//
+	// This timezone value is passed into all containers created by Wings.
+	Timezone string `yaml:"timezone"`
+
+	// Definitions for the user that gets created to ensure that we can quickly access
+	// this information without constantly having to do a system lookup.
+	User struct {
+		Uid int
+		Gid int
+	}
+
+	// The amount of time in seconds that can elapse before a server's disk space calculation is
+	// considered stale and a re-check should occur. DANGER: setting this value too low can seriously
+	// impact system performance and cause massive I/O bottlenecks and high CPU usage for the Wings
+	// process.
+	//
+	// Set to 0 to disable disk checking entirely. This will always return 0 for the disk space used
+	// by a server and should only be set in extreme scenarios where performance is critical and
+	// disk usage is not a concern.
+	DiskCheckInterval int64 `default:"150" yaml:"disk_check_interval"`
+
+	// If set to true, file permissions for a server will be checked when the process is
+	// booted. This can cause boot delays if the server has a large amount of files. In most
+	// cases disabling this should not have any major impact unless external processes are
+	// frequently modifying a servers' files.
+	CheckPermissionsOnBoot bool `default:"true" yaml:"check_permissions_on_boot"`
+
+	// If set to false Wings will not attempt to write a log rotate configuration to the disk
+	// when it boots and one is not detected.
+	EnableLogRotate bool `default:"true" yaml:"enable_log_rotate"`
+
+	// The number of lines to send when a server connects to the websocket.
+	WebsocketLogCount int `default:"150" yaml:"websocket_log_count"`
+
+	Sftp SftpConfiguration `yaml:"sftp"`
+
+	CrashDetection CrashDetection `yaml:"crash_detection"`
+
+	Backups Backups `yaml:"backups"`
+
+	Transfers Transfers `yaml:"transfers"`
+}
+
+type CrashDetection struct {
+	// Determines if Wings should detect a server that stops with a normal exit code of
+	// "0" as being crashed if the process stopped without any Wings interaction. E.g.
+	// the user did not press the stop button, but the process stopped cleanly.
+	DetectCleanExitAsCrash bool `default:"true" yaml:"detect_clean_exit_as_crash"`
+
+	// Timeout specifies the timeout between crashes that will not cause the server
+	// to be automatically restarted, this value is used to prevent servers from
+	// becoming stuck in a boot-loop after multiple consecutive crashes.
+	Timeout int `default:"60" json:"timeout"`
+}
+
+type Backups struct {
+	// WriteLimit imposes a Disk I/O write limit on backups to the disk, this affects all
+	// backup drivers as the archiver must first write the file to the disk in order to
+	// upload it to any external storage provider.
+	//
+	// If the value is less than 1, the write speed is unlimited,
+	// if the value is greater than 0, the write speed is the value in MiB/s.
+	//
+	// Defaults to 0 (unlimited)
+	WriteLimit int `default:"0" yaml:"write_limit"`
+}
+
+type Transfers struct {
+	// DownloadLimit imposes a Network I/O read limit when downloading a transfer archive.
+	//
+	// If the value is less than 1, the write speed is unlimited,
+	// if the value is greater than 0, the write speed is the value in MiB/s.
+	//
+	// Defaults to 0 (unlimited)
+	DownloadLimit int `default:"0" yaml:"download_limit"`
+}
+
+type ConsoleThrottles struct {
+	// Whether or not the throttler is enabled for this instance.
+	Enabled bool `json:"enabled" yaml:"enabled" default:"true"`
+
+	// The total number of lines that can be output in a given LineResetInterval period before
+	// a warning is triggered and counted against the server.
+	Lines uint64 `json:"lines" yaml:"lines" default:"2000"`
+
+	// The total number of throttle activations that can accumulate before a server is considered
+	// to be breaching and will be stopped. This value is decremented by one every DecayInterval.
+	MaximumTriggerCount uint64 `json:"maximum_trigger_count" yaml:"maximum_trigger_count" default:"5"`
+
+	// The amount of time after which the number of lines processed is reset to 0. This runs in
+	// a constant loop and is not affected by the current console output volumes. By default, this
+	// will reset the processed line count back to 0 every 100ms.
+	LineResetInterval uint64 `json:"line_reset_interval" yaml:"line_reset_interval" default:"100"`
+
+	// The amount of time in milliseconds that must pass without an output warning being triggered
+	// before a throttle activation is decremented.
+	DecayInterval uint64 `json:"decay_interval" yaml:"decay_interval" default:"10000"`
+
+	// The amount of time that a server is allowed to be stopping for before it is terminated
+	// forcefully if it triggers output throttles.
+	StopGracePeriod uint `json:"stop_grace_period" yaml:"stop_grace_period" default:"15"`
+}
+
+type Configuration struct {
+	// The location from which this configuration instance was instantiated.
+	path string
 
 	// Determines if wings should be running in debug mode. This value is ignored
 	// if the debug flag is passed through the command line arguments.
 	Debug bool
 
+	AppName string `default:"Pterodactyl" json:"app_name" yaml:"app_name"`
+
 	// A unique identifier for this node in the Panel.
 	Uuid string
 
@@ -49,323 +269,361 @@ type Configuration struct {
 	Api     ApiConfiguration     `json:"api" yaml:"api"`
 	System  SystemConfiguration  `json:"system" yaml:"system"`
 	Docker  DockerConfiguration  `json:"docker" yaml:"docker"`
-
-	// The amount of time in seconds that should elapse between disk usage checks
-	// run by the daemon. Setting a higher number can result in better IO performance
-	// at an increased risk of a malicious user creating a process that goes over
-	// the assigned disk limits.
-	DiskCheckTimeout int `yaml:"disk_check_timeout"`
+	Metrics MetricsConfiguration `json:"metrics" yaml:"metrics"`
 
 	// Defines internal throttling configurations for server processes to prevent
 	// someone from running an endless loop that spams data to logs.
-	Throttles struct {
-		// The number of data overage warnings (inclusive) that can accumulate
-		// before a process is terminated.
-		KillAtCount int `default:"5" yaml:"kill_at_count"`
-
-		// The number of seconds that must elapse before the internal counter
-		// begins decrementing warnings assigned to a process that is outputting
-		// too much data.
-		DecaySeconds int `default:"10" json:"decay" yaml:"decay"`
-
-		// The total number of bytes allowed to be output by a server process
-		// per interval.
-		BytesPerInterval int `default:"4096" json:"bytes" yaml:"bytes"`
-
-		// The amount of time that should lapse between data output throttle
-		// checks. This should be defined in milliseconds.
-		CheckInterval int `default:"100" yaml:"check_interval"`
-	}
+	Throttles ConsoleThrottles
 
 	// The location where the panel is running that this daemon should connect to
 	// to collect data and send events.
 	PanelLocation string                   `json:"remote" yaml:"remote"`
+	RemoteQuery   RemoteQueryConfiguration `json:"remote_query" yaml:"remote_query"`
+
+	// AllowedMounts is a list of allowed host-system mount points.
+	// This is required to have the "Server Mounts" feature work properly.
+	AllowedMounts []string `json:"-" yaml:"allowed_mounts"`
+
+	// AllowedOrigins is a list of allowed request origins.
+	// The Panel URL is automatically allowed, this is only needed for adding
+	// additional origins.
+	AllowedOrigins []string `json:"allowed_origins" yaml:"allowed_origins"`
 }
 
-// Defines the configuration of the internal SFTP server.
-type SftpConfiguration struct {
-	// If set to true disk checking will not be performed. This will prevent the SFTP
-	// server from checking the total size of a directory when uploading files.
-	DisableDiskChecking bool `default:"false" yaml:"disable_disk_checking"`
-	// The bind address of the SFTP server.
-	Address string `default:"0.0.0.0" json:"bind_address" yaml:"bind_address"`
-	// The bind port of the SFTP server.
-	Port int `default:"2022" json:"bind_port" yaml:"bind_port"`
-	// If set to true, no write actions will be allowed on the SFTP server.
-	ReadOnly bool `default:"false" yaml:"read_only"`
-}
-
-// Defines the configuration for the internal API that is exposed by the
-// daemon webserver.
-type ApiConfiguration struct {
-	// The interface that the internal webserver should bind to.
-	Host string `default:"0.0.0.0" yaml:"host"`
-
-	// The port that the internal webserver should bind to.
-	Port int `default:"8080" yaml:"port"`
-
-	// SSL configuration for the daemon.
-	Ssl struct {
-		Enabled         bool   `default:"false"`
-		CertificateFile string `json:"cert" yaml:"cert"`
-		KeyFile         string `json:"key" yaml:"key"`
-	}
-
-	// The maximum size for files uploaded through the Panel in bytes.
-	UploadLimit int `default:"100" json:"upload_limit" yaml:"upload_limit"`
-}
-
-// Reads the configuration from the provided file and returns the configuration
-// object that can then be used.
-func ReadConfiguration(path string) (*Configuration, error) {
-	b, err := ioutil.ReadFile(path)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	c := new(Configuration)
+// NewAtPath creates a new struct and set the path where it should be stored.
+// This function does not modify the currently stored global configuration.
+func NewAtPath(path string) (*Configuration, error) {
+	var c Configuration
 	// Configures the default values for many of the configuration options present
 	// in the structs. Values set in the configuration file take priority over the
 	// default values.
-	if err := defaults.Set(c); err != nil {
+	if err := defaults.Set(&c); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-
 	// Track the location where we created this configuration.
-	c.unsafeSetPath(path)
-
-	// Replace environment variables within the configuration file with their
-	// values from the host system.
-	b = []byte(os.ExpandEnv(string(b)))
-
-	if err := yaml.Unmarshal(b, c); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+	c.path = path
+	return &c, nil
 }
 
-	return c, nil
-}
-
-var Mutex sync.RWMutex
-
-var _config *Configuration
-var _jwtAlgo *jwt.HMACSHA
-var _debugViaFlag bool
-
 // Set the global configuration instance. This is a blocking operation such that
 // anything trying to set a different configuration value, or read the configuration
 // will be paused until it is complete.
 func Set(c *Configuration) {
-	Mutex.Lock()
-
+	mu.Lock()
 	if _config == nil || _config.AuthenticationToken != c.AuthenticationToken {
 		_jwtAlgo = jwt.NewHS256([]byte(c.AuthenticationToken))
 	}
-
 	_config = c
-	Mutex.Unlock()
+	mu.Unlock()
 }
 
+// SetDebugViaFlag tracks if the application is running in debug mode because of
+// a command line flag argument. If so we do not want to store that configuration
+// change to the disk.
 func SetDebugViaFlag(d bool) {
+	mu.Lock()
+	_config.Debug = d
 	_debugViaFlag = d
+	mu.Unlock()
 }
 
-// Get the global configuration instance. This is a read-safe operation that will block
-// if the configuration is presently being modified.
+// Get returns the global configuration instance. This is a thread-safe operation
+// that will block if the configuration is presently being modified.
+//
+// Be aware that you CANNOT make modifications to the currently stored configuration
+// by modifying the struct returned by this function. The only way to make
+// modifications is by using the Update() function and passing data through in
+// the callback.
 func Get() *Configuration {
-	Mutex.RLock()
-	defer Mutex.RUnlock()
-
-	return _config
+	mu.RLock()
+	// Create a copy of the struct so that all modifications made beyond this
+	// point are immutable.
+	//goland:noinspection GoVetCopyLock
+	c := *_config
+	mu.RUnlock()
+	return &c
 }
 
-// Returns the in-memory JWT algorithm.
-func GetJwtAlgorithm() *jwt.HMACSHA {
-	Mutex.RLock()
-	defer Mutex.RUnlock()
+// Update performs an in-situ update of the global configuration object using
+// a thread-safe mutex lock. This is the correct way to make modifications to
+// the global configuration.
+func Update(callback func(c *Configuration)) {
+	mu.Lock()
+	callback(_config)
+	mu.Unlock()
+}
 
+// GetJwtAlgorithm returns the in-memory JWT algorithm.
+func GetJwtAlgorithm() *jwt.HMACSHA {
+	mu.RLock()
+	defer mu.RUnlock()
 	return _jwtAlgo
 }
 
-// Create a new struct and set the path where it should be stored.
-func NewFromPath(path string) (*Configuration, error) {
-	c := new(Configuration)
-	if err := defaults.Set(c); err != nil {
-		return c, err
+// WriteToDisk writes the configuration to the disk. This is a thread safe operation
+// and will only allow one write at a time. Additional calls while writing are
+// queued up.
+func WriteToDisk(c *Configuration) error {
+	_writeLock.Lock()
+	defer _writeLock.Unlock()
+
+	//goland:noinspection GoVetCopyLock
+	ccopy := *c
+	// If debugging is set with the flag, don't save that to the configuration file,
+	// otherwise you'll always end up in debug mode.
+	if _debugViaFlag {
+		ccopy.Debug = false
+	}
+	if c.path == "" {
+		return errors.New("cannot write configuration, no path defined in struct")
+	}
+	b, err := yaml.Marshal(&ccopy)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := ioutil.WriteFile(c.path, b, 0600); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
-	c.unsafeSetPath(path)
-
-	return c, nil
-}
-
-// Sets the path where the configuration file is located on the server. This function should
-// not be called except by processes that are generating the configuration such as the configration
-// command shipped with this software.
-func (c *Configuration) unsafeSetPath(path string) {
-	c.Lock()
-	c.path = path
-	c.Unlock()
-}
-
-// Returns the path for this configuration file.
-func (c *Configuration) GetPath() string {
-	c.RLock()
-	defer c.RUnlock()
-
-	return c.path
-}
-
-// Ensures that the Pterodactyl core user exists on the system. This user will be the
-// owner of all data in the root data directory and is used as the user within containers.
+// EnsurePterodactylUser ensures that the Pterodactyl core user exists on the
+// system. This user will be the owner of all data in the root data directory
+// and is used as the user within containers. If files are not owned by this
+// user there will be issues with permissions on Docker mount points.
 //
-// If files are not owned by this user there will be issues with permissions on Docker
-// mount points.
-func (c *Configuration) EnsurePterodactylUser() (*user.User, error) {
-	u, err := user.Lookup(c.System.Username)
-
-	// If an error is returned but it isn't the unknown user error just abort
-	// the process entirely. If we did find a user, return it immediately.
-	if err == nil {
-		return u, c.setSystemUser(u)
-	} else if _, ok := err.(user.UnknownUserError); !ok {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
+// This function IS NOT thread safe and should only be called in the main thread
+// when the application is booting.
+func EnsurePterodactylUser() error {
 	sysName, err := getSystemName()
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return err
 	}
 
-	var command = fmt.Sprintf("useradd --system --no-create-home --shell /bin/false %s", c.System.Username)
+	// Our way of detecting if wings is running inside of Docker.
+	if sysName == "busybox" {
+		_config.System.Username = system.FirstNotEmpty(os.Getenv("WINGS_USERNAME"), "pterodactyl")
+		_config.System.User.Uid = system.MustInt(system.FirstNotEmpty(os.Getenv("WINGS_UID"), "988"))
+		_config.System.User.Gid = system.MustInt(system.FirstNotEmpty(os.Getenv("WINGS_GID"), "988"))
+		return nil
+	}
 
-	// Alpine Linux is the only OS we currently support that doesn't work with the useradd command, so
-	// in those cases we just modify the command a bit to work as expected.
+	u, err := user.Lookup(_config.System.Username)
+	// If an error is returned but it isn't the unknown user error just abort
+	// the process entirely. If we did find a user, return it immediately.
+	if err != nil {
+		if _, ok := err.(user.UnknownUserError); !ok {
+			return err
+		}
+	} else {
+		_config.System.User.Uid = system.MustInt(u.Uid)
+		_config.System.User.Gid = system.MustInt(u.Gid)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	command := fmt.Sprintf("useradd --system --no-create-home --shell /usr/sbin/nologin %s", _config.System.Username)
+	// Alpine Linux is the only OS we currently support that doesn't work with the useradd
+	// command, so in those cases we just modify the command a bit to work as expected.
 	if strings.HasPrefix(sysName, "alpine") {
-		command = fmt.Sprintf("adduser -S -D -H -G %[1]s -s /bin/false %[1]s", c.System.Username)
-
+		command = fmt.Sprintf("adduser -S -D -H -G %[1]s -s /sbin/nologin %[1]s", _config.System.Username)
 		// We have to create the group first on Alpine, so do that here before continuing on
 		// to the user creation process.
-		if _, err := exec.Command("addgroup", "-S", c.System.Username).Output(); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
+		if _, err := exec.Command("addgroup", "-S", _config.System.Username).Output(); err != nil {
+			return err
 		}
 	}
 
 	split := strings.Split(command, " ")
 	if _, err := exec.Command(split[0], split[1:]...).Output(); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return err
 	}
-
-	if u, err := user.Lookup(c.System.Username); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	} else {
-		return u, c.setSystemUser(u)
+	u, err = user.Lookup(_config.System.Username)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
-}
-
-// Set the system user into the configuration and then write it to the disk so that
-// it is persisted on boot.
-func (c *Configuration) setSystemUser(u *user.User) error {
-	uid, _ := strconv.Atoi(u.Uid)
-	gid, _ := strconv.Atoi(u.Gid)
-
-	c.Lock()
-	c.System.Username = u.Username
-	c.System.User.Uid = uid
-	c.System.User.Gid = gid
-	c.Unlock()
-
-	return c.WriteToDisk()
-}
-
-// Ensures that the configured data directory has the correct permissions assigned to
-// all of the files and folders within.
-func (c *Configuration) EnsureFilePermissions() error {
-	// Don't run this unless it is configured to be run. On large system this can often slow
-	// things down dramatically during the boot process.
-	if !c.System.SetPermissionsOnBoot {
+	_config.System.User.Uid = system.MustInt(u.Uid)
+	_config.System.User.Gid = system.MustInt(u.Gid)
 	return nil
 }
 
-	r := regexp.MustCompile("^[a-f0-9]{8}-[a-f0-9]{4}-4[a-f0-9]{3}-[89ab][a-f0-9]{3}-[a-f0-9]{12}$")
-
-	files, err := ioutil.ReadDir(c.System.Data)
+// FromFile reads the configuration from the provided file and stores it in the
+// global singleton for this instance.
+func FromFile(path string) error {
+	b, err := ioutil.ReadFile(path)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-
-	su, err := user.Lookup(c.System.Username)
+	c, err := NewAtPath(path)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	// Replace environment variables within the configuration file with their
+	// values from the host system.
+	b = []byte(os.ExpandEnv(string(b)))
+	if err := yaml.Unmarshal(b, c); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	// Store this configuration in the global state.
+	Set(c)
+	return nil
+}
 
-	wg := new(sync.WaitGroup)
-
-	for _, file := range files {
-		wg.Add(1)
-
-		// Asynchronously run through the list of files and folders in the data directory. If
-		// the item is not a folder, or is not a folder that matches the expected UUIDv4 format
-		// skip over it.
+// ConfigureDirectories ensures that all of the system directories exist on the
+// system. These directories are created so that only the owner can read the data,
+// and no other users.
 //
-		// If we do have a positive match, run a chown against the directory.
-		go func(f os.FileInfo) {
-			defer wg.Done()
-
-			if !f.IsDir() || !r.MatchString(f.Name()) {
-				return
+// This function IS NOT thread-safe.
+func ConfigureDirectories() error {
+	root := _config.System.RootDirectory
+	log.WithField("path", root).Debug("ensuring root data directory exists")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(root, 0700); err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
-			uid, _ := strconv.Atoi(su.Uid)
-			gid, _ := strconv.Atoi(su.Gid)
-
-			if err := os.Chown(path.Join(c.System.Data, f.Name()), uid, gid); err != nil {
-				log.WithField("error", err).WithField("directory", f.Name()).Warn("failed to chown server directory")
+	// There are a non-trivial number of users out there whose data directories are actually a
+	// symlink to another location on the disk. If we do not resolve that final destination at this
+	// point things will appear to work, but endless errors will be encountered when we try to
+	// verify accessed paths since they will all end up resolving outside the expected data directory.
+	//
+	// For the sake of automating away as much of this as possible, see if the data directory is a
+	// symlink, and if so resolve to its final real path, and then update the configuration to use
+	// that.
+	if d, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(_config.System.Data); err != nil {
+		if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			return err
 		}
-		}(file)
+	} else if d != _config.System.Data {
+		_config.System.Data = d
 	}
 
-	wg.Wait()
+	log.WithField("path", _config.System.Data).Debug("ensuring server data directory exists")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(_config.System.Data, 0700); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	log.WithField("path", _config.System.ArchiveDirectory).Debug("ensuring archive data directory exists")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(_config.System.ArchiveDirectory, 0700); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	log.WithField("path", _config.System.BackupDirectory).Debug("ensuring backup data directory exists")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(_config.System.BackupDirectory, 0700); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-// Writes the configuration to the disk as a blocking operation by obtaining an exclusive
-// lock on the file. This prevents something else from writing at the exact same time and
-// leading to bad data conditions.
-func (c *Configuration) WriteToDisk() error {
-	// Obtain an exclusive write against the configuration file.
-	c.writeLock.Lock()
-	defer c.writeLock.Unlock()
-
-	ccopy := *c
-	// If debugging is set with the flag, don't save that to the configuration file, otherwise
-	// you'll always end up in debug mode.
-	if _debugViaFlag {
-		ccopy.Debug = false
+// EnableLogRotation writes a logrotate file for wings to the system logrotate
+// configuration directory if one exists and a logrotate file is not found. This
+// allows us to basically automate away the log rotation for most installs, but
+// also enable users to make modifications on their own.
+//
+// This function IS NOT thread-safe.
+func EnableLogRotation() error {
+	if !_config.System.EnableLogRotate {
+		log.Info("skipping log rotate configuration, disabled in wings config file")
+		return nil
 	}
 
-	if c.path == "" {
-		return errors.New("cannot write configuration, no path defined in struct")
+	if st, err := os.Stat("/etc/logrotate.d"); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return err
+	} else if (err != nil && os.IsNotExist(err)) || !st.IsDir() {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat("/etc/logrotate.d/wings"); err == nil || !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return err
 	}
 
-	b, err := yaml.Marshal(&ccopy)
+	log.Info("no log rotation configuration found: adding file now")
+	// If we've gotten to this point it means the logrotate directory exists on the system
+	// but there is not a file for wings already. In that case, let us write a new file to
+	// it so files can be rotated easily.
+	f, err := os.Create("/etc/logrotate.d/wings")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	t, err := template.New("logrotate").Parse(`
+{{.LogDirectory}}/wings.log {
+    size 10M
+    compress
+    delaycompress
+    dateext
+    maxage 7
+    missingok
+    notifempty
+    create 0640 {{.User.Uid}} {{.User.Gid}}
+    postrotate
+        killall -SIGHUP wings
+    endscript
+}`)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	if err := ioutil.WriteFile(c.GetPath(), b, 0644); err != nil {
-		return err
+	return errors.Wrap(t.Execute(f, _config.System), "config: failed to write logrotate to disk")
 }
 
+// GetStatesPath returns the location of the JSON file that tracks server states.
+func (sc *SystemConfiguration) GetStatesPath() string {
+	return path.Join(sc.RootDirectory, "/states.json")
+}
+
+// ConfigureTimezone sets the timezone data for the configuration if it is
+// currently missing. If a value has been set, this functionality will only run
+// to validate that the timezone being used is valid.
+//
+// This function IS NOT thread-safe.
+func ConfigureTimezone() error {
+	tz := os.Getenv("TZ")
+	if _config.System.Timezone == "" && tz != "" {
+		_config.System.Timezone = tz
+	}
+	if _config.System.Timezone == "" {
+		b, err := ioutil.ReadFile("/etc/timezone")
+		if err != nil {
+			if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+				return errors.WithMessage(err, "config: failed to open timezone file")
+			}
+
+			_config.System.Timezone = "UTC"
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second*5)
+			defer cancel()
+			// Okay, file isn't found on this OS, we will try using timedatectl to handle this. If this
+			// command fails, exit, but if it returns a value use that. If no value is returned we will
+			// fall through to UTC to get Wings booted at least.
+			out, err := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "timedatectl").Output()
+			if err != nil {
+				log.WithField("error", err).Warn("failed to execute \"timedatectl\" to determine system timezone, falling back to UTC")
 				return nil
 			}
 
+			r := regexp.MustCompile(`Time zone: ([\w/]+)`)
+			matches := r.FindSubmatch(out)
+			if len(matches) != 2 || string(matches[1]) == "" {
+				log.Warn("failed to parse timezone from \"timedatectl\" output, falling back to UTC")
+				return nil
+			}
+			_config.System.Timezone = string(matches[1])
+		} else {
+			_config.System.Timezone = string(b)
+		}
+	}
+
+	_config.System.Timezone = regexp.MustCompile(`(?i)[^a-z_/]+`).ReplaceAllString(_config.System.Timezone, "")
+	_, err := time.LoadLocation(_config.System.Timezone)
+
+	return errors.WithMessage(err, fmt.Sprintf("the supplied timezone %s is invalid", _config.System.Timezone))
+}
+
 // Gets the system release name.
 func getSystemName() (string, error) {
 	// use osrelease to get release version and ID
-	if release, err := osrelease.Read(); err != nil {
+	release, err := osrelease.Read()
+	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
-	} else {
+	}
 	return release["ID"], nil
 }
-}

config/config_docker.go

@@ -1,11 +1,17 @@
 package config
 
+import (
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
+)
+
 type dockerNetworkInterfaces struct {
 	V4 struct {
 		Subnet  string `default:"172.18.0.0/16"`
 		Gateway string `default:"172.18.0.1"`
 	}
-
 	V6 struct {
 		Subnet  string `default:"fdba:17c8:6c94::/64"`
 		Gateway string `default:"fdba:17c8:6c94::1011"`
@@ -32,22 +38,56 @@ type DockerNetworkConfiguration struct {
 	Interfaces dockerNetworkInterfaces `yaml:"interfaces"`
 }
 
-// Defines the docker configuration used by the daemon when interacting with
-// containers and networks on the system.
+// DockerConfiguration defines the docker configuration used by the daemon when
+// interacting with containers and networks on the system.
 type DockerConfiguration struct {
 	// Network configuration that should be used when creating a new network
 	// for containers run through the daemon.
 	Network DockerNetworkConfiguration `json:"network" yaml:"network"`
 
-	// If true, container images will be updated when a server starts if there
-	// is an update available. If false the daemon will not attempt updates and will
-	// defer to the host system to manage image updates.
-	UpdateImages bool `default:"true" json:"update_images" yaml:"update_images"`
+	// Domainname is the Docker domainname for all containers.
+	Domainname string `default:"" json:"domainname" yaml:"domainname"`
 
-	// The location of the Docker socket.
-	Socket string `default:"/var/run/docker.sock" json:"socket" yaml:"socket"`
+	// Registries .
+	Registries map[string]RegistryConfiguration `json:"registries" yaml:"registries"`
 
-	// Defines the location of the timezone file on the host system that should
-	// be mounted into the created containers so that they all use the same time.
-	TimezonePath string `default:"/etc/timezone" json:"timezone_path" yaml:"timezone_path"`
+	// The size of the /tmp directory when mounted into a container. Please be aware that Docker
+	// utilizes host memory for this value, and that we do not keep track of the space used here
+	// so avoid allocating too much to a server.
+	TmpfsSize uint `default:"100" json:"tmpfs_size" yaml:"tmpfs_size"`
+
+	// ContainerPidLimit sets the total number of processes that can be active in a container
+	// at any given moment. This is a security concern in shared-hosting environments where a
+	// malicious process could create enough processes to cause the host node to run out of
+	// available pids and crash.
+	ContainerPidLimit int64 `default:"256" json:"container_pid_limit" yaml:"container_pid_limit"`
+
+	// InstallLimits defines the limits on the installer containers that prevents a server's
+	// installation process from unintentionally consuming more resources than expected. This
+	// is used in conjunction with the server's defined limits. Whichever value is higher will
+	// take precedence in the install containers.
+	InstallerLimits struct {
+		Memory int64 `default:"1024" json:"memory" yaml:"memory"`
+		Cpu    int64 `default:"100" json:"cpu" yaml:"cpu"`
+	} `json:"installer_limits" yaml:"installer_limits"`
+}
+
+// RegistryConfiguration defines the authentication credentials for a given
+// Docker registry.
+type RegistryConfiguration struct {
+	Username string `yaml:"username"`
+	Password string `yaml:"password"`
+}
+
+// Base64 returns the authentication for a given registry as a base64 encoded
+// string value.
+func (c RegistryConfiguration) Base64() (string, error) {
+	b, err := json.Marshal(types.AuthConfig{
+		Username: c.Username,
+		Password: c.Password,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return base64.URLEncoding.EncodeToString(b), nil
 }

config/config_system.go

@@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
-package config
-
-import (
-	"github.com/apex/log"
-	"os"
-	"path"
-)
-
-// Defines basic system configuration settings.
-type SystemConfiguration struct {
-	// The root directory where all of the pterodactyl data is stored at.
-	RootDirectory string `default:"/var/lib/pterodactyl" yaml:"root_directory"`
-
-	// Directory where logs for server installations and other wings events are logged.
-	LogDirectory string `default:"/var/log/pterodactyl" yaml:"log_directory"`
-
-	// Directory where the server data is stored at.
-	Data string `default:"/var/lib/pterodactyl/volumes" yaml:"data"`
-
-	// Directory where server archives for transferring will be stored.
-	ArchiveDirectory string `default:"/var/lib/pterodactyl/archives" yaml:"archive_directory"`
-
-	// Directory where local backups will be stored on the machine.
-	BackupDirectory string `default:"/var/lib/pterodactyl/backups" yaml:"backup_directory"`
-
-	// The user that should own all of the server files, and be used for containers.
-	Username string `default:"pterodactyl" yaml:"username"`
-
-	// Definitions for the user that gets created to ensure that we can quickly access
-	// this information without constantly having to do a system lookup.
-	User struct {
-		Uid int
-		Gid int
-	}
-
-	// Determines if permissions for a server should be set automatically on
-	// daemon boot. This can take a long time on systems with many servers, or on
-	// systems with servers containing thousands of files.
-	//
-	// Setting this to true by default helps us avoid a lot of support requests
-	// from people that keep trying to move files around as a root user leading
-	// to server permission issues.
-	//
-	// In production and heavy use environments where boot speed is essential,
-	// this should be set to false as servers will self-correct permissions on
-	// boot anyways.
-	SetPermissionsOnBoot bool `default:"true" yaml:"set_permissions_on_boot"`
-
-	// Determines if Wings should detect a server that stops with a normal exit code of
-	// "0" as being crashed if the process stopped without any Wings interaction. E.g.
-	// the user did not press the stop button, but the process stopped cleanly.
-	DetectCleanExitAsCrash bool `default:"true" yaml:"detect_clean_exit_as_crash"`
-
-	Sftp SftpConfiguration `yaml:"sftp"`
-}
-
-// Ensures that all of the system directories exist on the system. These directories are
-// created so that only the owner can read the data, and no other users.
-func (sc *SystemConfiguration) ConfigureDirectories() error {
-	log.WithField("path", sc.RootDirectory).Debug("ensuring root data directory exists")
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(sc.RootDirectory, 0700); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	log.WithField("path", sc.LogDirectory).Debug("ensuring log directory exists")
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(path.Join(sc.LogDirectory, "/install"), 0700); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	log.WithField("path", sc.Data).Debug("ensuring server data directory exists")
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(sc.Data, 0700); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	log.WithField("path", sc.ArchiveDirectory).Debug("ensuring archive data directory exists")
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(sc.ArchiveDirectory, 0700); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	log.WithField("path", sc.BackupDirectory).Debug("ensuring backup data directory exists")
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(sc.BackupDirectory, 0700); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Returns the location of the JSON file that tracks server states.
-func (sc *SystemConfiguration) GetStatesPath() string {
-	return path.Join(sc.RootDirectory, "states.json")
-}
-
-// Returns the location of the JSON file that tracks server states.
-func (sc *SystemConfiguration) GetInstallLogPath() string {
-	return path.Join(sc.LogDirectory, "install/")
-}

docker-compose.example.yml

@@ -1,26 +1,39 @@
-version: '3'
+version: '3.8'
+
 services:
-  daemon:
-    build: .
+  wings:
+    image: ghcr.io/pterodactyl/wings:latest
     restart: always
-    hostname: daemon
+    networks:
+      - wings0
     ports:
       - "8080:8080"
       - "2022:2022"
     tty: true
     environment:
-      - "DEBUG=false"
+      TZ: "UTC"
+      WINGS_UID: 988
+      WINGS_GID: 988
+      WINGS_USERNAME: pterodactyl
     volumes:
       - "/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock"
       - "/var/lib/docker/containers/:/var/lib/docker/containers/"
+      - "/etc/pterodactyl/:/etc/pterodactyl/"
       - "/var/lib/pterodactyl/:/var/lib/pterodactyl/"
-      - "/srv/daemon-data/:/srv/daemon-data/"
+      - "/var/log/pterodactyl/:/var/log/pterodactyl/"
       - "/tmp/pterodactyl/:/tmp/pterodactyl/"
-      - "/etc/timezone:/etc/timezone:ro"
-      ## Required for ssl if you user let's encrypt. uncomment to use.
-      ## - "/etc/letsencrypt/:/etc/letsencrypt/"
+      - "/etc/ssl/certs:/etc/ssl/certs:ro"
+      # you may need /srv/daemon-data if you are upgrading from an old daemon
+      #- "/srv/daemon-data/:/srv/daemon-data/"
+      # Required for ssl if you use let's encrypt. uncomment to use.
+      #- "/etc/letsencrypt/:/etc/letsencrypt/"
+
 networks:
-  default:
+  wings0:
+    name: wings0
+    driver: bridge
     ipam:
       config:
-        - subnet: 172.21.0.0/16
+        - subnet: "172.21.0.0/16"
+    driver_opts:
+      com.docker.network.bridge.name: wings0

environment/allocations.go

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+package environment
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+
+	"github.com/docker/go-connections/nat"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+)
+
+// Defines the allocations available for a given server. When using the Docker environment
+// driver these correspond to mappings for the container that allow external connections.
+type Allocations struct {
+	// Defines the default allocation that should be used for this server. This is
+	// what will be used for {SERVER_IP} and {SERVER_PORT} when modifying configuration
+	// files or the startup arguments for a server.
+	DefaultMapping struct {
+		Ip   string `json:"ip"`
+		Port int    `json:"port"`
+	} `json:"default"`
+
+	// Mappings contains all of the ports that should be assigned to a given server
+	// attached to the IP they correspond to.
+	Mappings map[string][]int `json:"mappings"`
+}
+
+// Converts the server allocation mappings into a format that can be understood by Docker. While
+// we do strive to support multiple environments, using Docker's standardized format for the
+// bindings certainly makes life a little easier for managing things.
+//
+// You'll want to use DockerBindings() if you need to re-map 127.0.0.1 to the Docker interface.
+func (a *Allocations) Bindings() nat.PortMap {
+	var out = nat.PortMap{}
+
+	for ip, ports := range a.Mappings {
+		for _, port := range ports {
+			// Skip over invalid ports.
+			if port < 1 || port > 65535 {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			binding := nat.PortBinding{
+				HostIP:   ip,
+				HostPort: strconv.Itoa(port),
+			}
+
+			tcp := nat.Port(fmt.Sprintf("%d/tcp", port))
+			udp := nat.Port(fmt.Sprintf("%d/udp", port))
+
+			out[tcp] = append(out[tcp], binding)
+			out[udp] = append(out[udp], binding)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return out
+}
+
+// Returns the bindings for the server in a way that is supported correctly by Docker. This replaces
+// any reference to 127.0.0.1 with the IP of the pterodactyl0 network interface which will allow the
+// server to operate on a local address while still being accessible by other containers.
+func (a *Allocations) DockerBindings() nat.PortMap {
+	iface := config.Get().Docker.Network.Interface
+
+	out := a.Bindings()
+	// Loop over all of the bindings for this container, and convert any that reference 127.0.0.1
+	// to use the pterodactyl0 network interface IP, as that is the true local for what people are
+	// trying to do when creating servers.
+	for p, binds := range out {
+		for i, alloc := range binds {
+			if alloc.HostIP != "127.0.0.1" {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			// If using ISPN just delete the local allocation from the server.
+			if config.Get().Docker.Network.ISPN {
+				out[p] = append(out[p][:i], out[p][i+1:]...)
+			} else {
+				out[p][i] = nat.PortBinding{
+					HostIP:   iface,
+					HostPort: alloc.HostPort,
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return out
+}
+
+// Converts the server allocation mappings into a PortSet that can be understood
+// by Docker. This formatting is slightly different than "Bindings" as it should
+// return an empty struct rather than a binding.
+//
+// To accomplish this, we'll just get the values from "DockerBindings" and then set them
+// to empty structs. Because why not.
+func (a *Allocations) Exposed() nat.PortSet {
+	var out = nat.PortSet{}
+
+	for port := range a.DockerBindings() {
+		out[port] = struct{}{}
+	}
+
+	return out
+}

environment/config.go

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+package environment
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+)
+
+type Settings struct {
+	Mounts      []Mount
+	Allocations Allocations
+	Limits      Limits
+}
+
+// Defines the actual configuration struct for the environment with all of the settings
+// defined within it.
+type Configuration struct {
+	mu sync.RWMutex
+
+	environmentVariables []string
+	settings             Settings
+}
+
+// Returns a new environment configuration with the given settings and environment variables
+// defined within it.
+func NewConfiguration(s Settings, envVars []string) *Configuration {
+	return &Configuration{
+		environmentVariables: envVars,
+		settings:             s,
+	}
+}
+
+// Updates the settings struct for this environment on the fly. This allows modified servers to
+// automatically push those changes to the environment.
+func (c *Configuration) SetSettings(s Settings) {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	c.settings = s
+	c.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+// Updates the environment variables associated with this environment by replacing the entire
+// array of them with a new one.
+func (c *Configuration) SetEnvironmentVariables(ev []string) {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	c.environmentVariables = ev
+	c.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+// Returns the limits assigned to this environment.
+func (c *Configuration) Limits() Limits {
+	c.mu.RLock()
+	defer c.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	return c.settings.Limits
+}
+
+// Returns the allocations associated with this environment.
+func (c *Configuration) Allocations() Allocations {
+	c.mu.RLock()
+	defer c.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	return c.settings.Allocations
+}
+
+// Returns all of the mounts associated with this environment.
+func (c *Configuration) Mounts() []Mount {
+	c.mu.RLock()
+	defer c.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	return c.settings.Mounts
+}
+
+// Returns the environment variables associated with this instance.
+func (c *Configuration) EnvironmentVariables() []string {
+	c.mu.RLock()
+	defer c.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	return c.environmentVariables
+}

environment/docker.go

@@ -2,95 +2,103 @@ package environment
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"strconv"
+	"sync"
 
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/network"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/client"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
 )
 
-// Configures the required network for the docker environment.
-func ConfigureDocker(c *config.DockerConfiguration) error {
+var _conce sync.Once
+var _client *client.Client
+
+// Docker returns a docker client to be used throughout the codebase. Once a
+// client has been created it will be returned for all subsequent calls to this
+// function.
+func Docker() (*client.Client, error) {
+	var err error
+	_conce.Do(func() {
+		_client, err = client.NewClientWithOpts(client.FromEnv, client.WithAPIVersionNegotiation())
+	})
+	return _client, errors.Wrap(err, "environment/docker: could not create client")
+}
+
+// ConfigureDocker configures the required network for the docker environment.
+func ConfigureDocker(ctx context.Context) error {
 	// Ensure the required docker network exists on the system.
-	cli, err := client.NewClientWithOpts(client.FromEnv)
+	cli, err := Docker()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	resource, err := cli.NetworkInspect(context.Background(), c.Network.Name, types.NetworkInspectOptions{})
-	if err != nil && client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+	nw := config.Get().Docker.Network
+	resource, err := cli.NetworkInspect(ctx, nw.Name, types.NetworkInspectOptions{})
+	if err != nil {
+		if client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
 			log.Info("creating missing pterodactyl0 interface, this could take a few seconds...")
-		return createDockerNetwork(cli, c)
-	} else if err != nil {
-		log.WithField("error", err).Fatal("failed to create required docker network for containers")
+			if err := createDockerNetwork(ctx, cli); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		} else {
+			return err
+		}
 	}
 
-	switch resource.Driver {
+	config.Update(func(c *config.Configuration) {
+		c.Docker.Network.Driver = resource.Driver
+		switch c.Docker.Network.Driver {
 		case "host":
-		c.Network.Interface = "127.0.0.1"
-		c.Network.ISPN = false
-		return nil
+			c.Docker.Network.Interface = "127.0.0.1"
+			c.Docker.Network.ISPN = false
 		case "overlay":
+			fallthrough
 		case "weavemesh":
-		c.Network.Interface = ""
-		c.Network.ISPN = true
-		return nil
+			c.Docker.Network.Interface = ""
+			c.Docker.Network.ISPN = true
 		default:
-		c.Network.ISPN = false
+			c.Docker.Network.ISPN = false
 		}
-
+	})
 	return nil
 }
 
 // Creates a new network on the machine if one does not exist already.
-func createDockerNetwork(cli *client.Client, c *config.DockerConfiguration) error {
-	_, err := cli.NetworkCreate(context.Background(), c.Network.Name, types.NetworkCreate{
-		Driver:     c.Network.Driver,
+func createDockerNetwork(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client) error {
+	nw := config.Get().Docker.Network
+	_, err := cli.NetworkCreate(ctx, nw.Name, types.NetworkCreate{
+		Driver:     nw.Driver,
 		EnableIPv6: true,
-		Internal:   c.Network.IsInternal,
+		Internal:   nw.IsInternal,
 		IPAM: &network.IPAM{
-			Config: []network.IPAMConfig{
-				{
-					Subnet:  c.Network.Interfaces.V4.Subnet,
-					Gateway: c.Network.Interfaces.V4.Gateway,
-				},
-				{
-					Subnet:  c.Network.Interfaces.V6.Subnet,
-					Gateway: c.Network.Interfaces.V6.Gateway,
-				},
-			},
+			Config: []network.IPAMConfig{{
+				Subnet:  nw.Interfaces.V4.Subnet,
+				Gateway: nw.Interfaces.V4.Gateway,
+			}, {
+				Subnet:  nw.Interfaces.V6.Subnet,
+				Gateway: nw.Interfaces.V6.Gateway,
+			}},
 		},
 		Options: map[string]string{
 			"encryption": "false",
 			"com.docker.network.bridge.default_bridge":       "false",
-			"com.docker.network.bridge.enable_icc":           "true",
+			"com.docker.network.bridge.enable_icc":           strconv.FormatBool(nw.EnableICC),
 			"com.docker.network.bridge.enable_ip_masquerade": "true",
 			"com.docker.network.bridge.host_binding_ipv4":    "0.0.0.0",
 			"com.docker.network.bridge.name":                 "pterodactyl0",
 			"com.docker.network.driver.mtu":                  "1500",
 		},
 	})
-
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-
-	switch c.Network.Driver {
-	case "host":
-		c.Network.Interface = "127.0.0.1"
-		c.Network.ISPN = false
-		break
-	case "overlay":
-	case "weavemesh":
-		c.Network.Interface = ""
-		c.Network.ISPN = true
-		break
-	default:
-		c.Network.Interface = c.Network.Interfaces.V4.Gateway
-		c.Network.ISPN = false
-		break
+	if nw.Driver != "host" && nw.Driver != "overlay" && nw.Driver != "weavemesh" {
+		config.Update(func(c *config.Configuration) {
+			c.Docker.Network.Interface = c.Docker.Network.Interfaces.V4.Gateway
+		})
 	}
-
 	return nil
 }

environment/docker/container.go

@@ -0,0 +1,503 @@
+package docker
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/mount"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/client"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/daemon/logger/jsonfilelog"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/environment"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
+)
+
+var ErrNotAttached = errors.Sentinel("not attached to instance")
+
+// A custom console writer that allows us to keep a function blocked until the
+// given stream is properly closed. This does nothing special, only exists to
+// make a noop io.Writer.
+type noopWriter struct{}
+
+var _ io.Writer = noopWriter{}
+
+// Implement the required Write function to satisfy the io.Writer interface.
+func (nw noopWriter) Write(b []byte) (int, error) {
+	return len(b), nil
+}
+
+// Attach attaches to the docker container itself and ensures that we can pipe
+// data in and out of the process stream. This should not be used for reading
+// console data as you *will* miss important output at the beginning because of
+// the time delay with attaching to the output.
+//
+// Calling this function will poll resources for the container in the background
+// until the provided context is canceled by the caller. Failure to cancel said
+// context will cause background memory leaks as the goroutine will not exit.
+func (e *Environment) Attach() error {
+	if e.IsAttached() {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if err := e.followOutput(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	opts := types.ContainerAttachOptions{
+		Stdin:  true,
+		Stdout: true,
+		Stderr: true,
+		Stream: true,
+	}
+
+	// Set the stream again with the container.
+	if st, err := e.client.ContainerAttach(context.Background(), e.Id, opts); err != nil {
+		return err
+	} else {
+		e.SetStream(&st)
+	}
+
+	go func() {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+		defer cancel()
+		defer e.stream.Close()
+		defer func() {
+			e.SetState(environment.ProcessOfflineState)
+			e.SetStream(nil)
+		}()
+
+		go func() {
+			if err := e.pollResources(ctx); err != nil {
+				if !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
+					e.log().WithField("error", err).Error("error during environment resource polling")
+				} else {
+					e.log().Warn("stopping server resource polling: context canceled")
+				}
+			}
+		}()
+
+		// Block the completion of this routine until the container is no longer running. This allows
+		// the pollResources function to run until it needs to be stopped. Because the container
+		// can be polled for resource usage, even when stopped, we need to have this logic present
+		// in order to cancel the context and therefore stop the routine that is spawned.
+		//
+		// For now, DO NOT use client#ContainerWait from the Docker package. There is a nasty
+		// bug causing containers to hang on deletion and cause servers to lock up on the system.
+		//
+		// This weird code isn't intuitive, but it keeps the function from ending until the container
+		// is stopped and therefore the stream reader ends up closed.
+		// @see https://github.com/moby/moby/issues/41827
+		c := new(noopWriter)
+		if _, err := io.Copy(c, e.stream.Reader); err != nil {
+			e.log().WithField("error", err).Error("could not copy from environment stream to noop writer")
+		}
+	}()
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// InSituUpdate performs an in-place update of the Docker container's resource
+// limits without actually making any changes to the operational state of the
+// container. This allows memory, cpu, and IO limitations to be adjusted on the
+// fly for individual instances.
+func (e *Environment) InSituUpdate() error {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second*10)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	if _, err := e.client.ContainerInspect(ctx, e.Id); err != nil {
+		// If the container doesn't exist for some reason there really isn't anything
+		// we can do to fix that in this process (it doesn't make sense at least). In those
+		// cases just return without doing anything since we still want to save the configuration
+		// to the disk.
+		//
+		// We'll let a boot process make modifications to the container if needed at this point.
+		if client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "environment/docker: could not inspect container")
+	}
+
+	// CPU pinning cannot be removed once it is applied to a container. The same is true
+	// for removing memory limits, a container must be re-created.
+	//
+	// @see https://github.com/moby/moby/issues/41946
+	if _, err := e.client.ContainerUpdate(ctx, e.Id, container.UpdateConfig{
+		Resources: e.Configuration.Limits().AsContainerResources(),
+	}); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "environment/docker: could not update container")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Create creates a new container for the server using all of the data that is
+// currently available for it. If the container already exists it will be
+// returned.
+func (e *Environment) Create() error {
+	// If the container already exists don't hit the user with an error, just return
+	// the current information about it which is what we would do when creating the
+	// container anyways.
+	if _, err := e.client.ContainerInspect(context.Background(), e.Id); err == nil {
+		return nil
+	} else if !client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "environment/docker: failed to inspect container")
+	}
+
+	// Try to pull the requested image before creating the container.
+	if err := e.ensureImageExists(e.meta.Image); err != nil {
+		return errors.WithStackIf(err)
+	}
+
+	a := e.Configuration.Allocations()
+
+	evs := e.Configuration.EnvironmentVariables()
+	for i, v := range evs {
+		// Convert 127.0.0.1 to the pterodactyl0 network interface if the environment is Docker
+		// so that the server operates as expected.
+		if v == "SERVER_IP=127.0.0.1" {
+			evs[i] = "SERVER_IP=" + config.Get().Docker.Network.Interface
+		}
+	}
+
+	conf := &container.Config{
+		Hostname:     e.Id,
+		Domainname:   config.Get().Docker.Domainname,
+		User:         strconv.Itoa(config.Get().System.User.Uid),
+		AttachStdin:  true,
+		AttachStdout: true,
+		AttachStderr: true,
+		OpenStdin:    true,
+		Tty:          true,
+		ExposedPorts: a.Exposed(),
+		Image:        strings.TrimPrefix(e.meta.Image, "~"),
+		Env:          e.Configuration.EnvironmentVariables(),
+		Labels: map[string]string{
+			"Service":       "Pterodactyl",
+			"ContainerType": "server_process",
+		},
+	}
+
+	tmpfsSize := strconv.Itoa(int(config.Get().Docker.TmpfsSize))
+
+	hostConf := &container.HostConfig{
+		PortBindings: a.DockerBindings(),
+
+		// Configure the mounts for this container. First mount the server data directory
+		// into the container as a r/w bind.
+		Mounts: e.convertMounts(),
+
+		// Configure the /tmp folder mapping in containers. This is necessary for some
+		// games that need to make use of it for downloads and other installation processes.
+		Tmpfs: map[string]string{
+			"/tmp": "rw,exec,nosuid,size=" + tmpfsSize + "M",
+		},
+
+		// Define resource limits for the container based on the data passed through
+		// from the Panel.
+		Resources: e.Configuration.Limits().AsContainerResources(),
+
+		DNS: config.Get().Docker.Network.Dns,
+
+		// Configure logging for the container to make it easier on the Daemon to grab
+		// the server output. Ensure that we don't use too much space on the host machine
+		// since we only need it for the last few hundred lines of output and don't care
+		// about anything else in it.
+		LogConfig: container.LogConfig{
+			Type: jsonfilelog.Name,
+			Config: map[string]string{
+				"max-size": "5m",
+				"max-file": "1",
+				"compress": "false",
+			},
+		},
+
+		SecurityOpt:    []string{"no-new-privileges"},
+		ReadonlyRootfs: true,
+		CapDrop: []string{
+			"setpcap", "mknod", "audit_write", "net_raw", "dac_override",
+			"fowner", "fsetid", "net_bind_service", "sys_chroot", "setfcap",
+		},
+		NetworkMode: container.NetworkMode(config.Get().Docker.Network.Mode),
+	}
+
+	if _, err := e.client.ContainerCreate(context.Background(), conf, hostConf, nil, nil, e.Id); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "environment/docker: failed to create container")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Destroy will remove the Docker container from the server. If the container
+// is currently running it will be forcibly stopped by Docker.
+func (e *Environment) Destroy() error {
+	// We set it to stopping than offline to prevent crash detection from being triggered.
+	e.SetState(environment.ProcessStoppingState)
+
+	err := e.client.ContainerRemove(context.Background(), e.Id, types.ContainerRemoveOptions{
+		RemoveVolumes: true,
+		RemoveLinks:   false,
+		Force:         true,
+	})
+
+	e.SetState(environment.ProcessOfflineState)
+
+	// Don't trigger a destroy failure if we try to delete a container that does not
+	// exist on the system. We're just a step ahead of ourselves in that case.
+	//
+	// @see https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/issues/2001
+	if err != nil && client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return err
+}
+
+// SendCommand sends the specified command to the stdin of the running container
+// instance. There is no confirmation that this data is sent successfully, only
+// that it gets pushed into the stdin.
+func (e *Environment) SendCommand(c string) error {
+	if !e.IsAttached() {
+		return errors.Wrap(ErrNotAttached, "environment/docker: cannot send command to container")
+	}
+
+	e.mu.RLock()
+	defer e.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	// If the command being processed is the same as the process stop command then we
+	// want to mark the server as entering the stopping state otherwise the process will
+	// stop and Wings will think it has crashed and attempt to restart it.
+	if e.meta.Stop.Type == "command" && c == e.meta.Stop.Value {
+		e.SetState(environment.ProcessStoppingState)
+	}
+
+	_, err := e.stream.Conn.Write([]byte(c + "\n"))
+
+	return errors.Wrap(err, "environment/docker: could not write to container stream")
+}
+
+// Readlog reads the log file for the server. This does not care if the server
+// is running or not, it will simply try to read the last X bytes of the file
+// and return them.
+func (e *Environment) Readlog(lines int) ([]string, error) {
+	r, err := e.client.ContainerLogs(context.Background(), e.Id, types.ContainerLogsOptions{
+		ShowStdout: true,
+		ShowStderr: true,
+		Tail:       strconv.Itoa(lines),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.WithStack(err)
+	}
+	defer r.Close()
+
+	var out []string
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(r)
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		out = append(out, scanner.Text())
+	}
+
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// Attaches to the log for the container. This avoids us missing crucial output
+// that happens in the split seconds before the code moves from 'Starting' to
+// 'Attaching' on the process.
+func (e *Environment) followOutput() error {
+	if exists, err := e.Exists(); !exists {
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return errors.New(fmt.Sprintf("no such container: %s", e.Id))
+	}
+
+	opts := types.ContainerLogsOptions{
+		ShowStderr: true,
+		ShowStdout: true,
+		Follow:     true,
+		Since:      time.Now().Format(time.RFC3339),
+	}
+
+	reader, err := e.client.ContainerLogs(context.Background(), e.Id, opts)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	go e.scanOutput(reader)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (e *Environment) scanOutput(reader io.ReadCloser) {
+	defer reader.Close()
+
+	events := e.Events()
+
+	err := system.ScanReader(reader, func(line string) {
+		events.Publish(environment.ConsoleOutputEvent, line)
+	})
+
+	if err != nil && err != io.EOF {
+		log.WithField("error", err).WithField("container_id", e.Id).Warn("error processing scanner line in console output")
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Return here if the server is offline or currently stopping.
+	if e.State() == environment.ProcessStoppingState || e.State() == environment.ProcessOfflineState {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Close the current reader before starting a new one, the defer will still run
+	// but it will do nothing if we already closed the stream.
+	_ = reader.Close()
+
+	// Start following the output of the server again.
+	go e.followOutput()
+}
+
+type imagePullStatus struct {
+	Status   string `json:"status"`
+	Progress string `json:"progress"`
+}
+
+// Pulls the image from Docker. If there is an error while pulling the image
+// from the source but the image already exists locally, we will report that
+// error to the logger but continue with the process.
+//
+// The reasoning behind this is that Quay has had some serious outages as of
+// late, and we don't need to block all of the servers from booting just because
+// of that. I'd imagine in a lot of cases an outage shouldn't affect users too
+// badly. It'll at least keep existing servers working correctly if anything.
+func (e *Environment) ensureImageExists(image string) error {
+	e.Events().Publish(environment.DockerImagePullStarted, "")
+	defer e.Events().Publish(environment.DockerImagePullCompleted, "")
+
+	// Images prefixed with a ~ are local images that we do not need to try and pull.
+	if strings.HasPrefix(image, "~") {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Give it up to 15 minutes to pull the image. I think this should cover 99.8% of cases where an
+	// image pull might fail. I can't imagine it will ever take more than 15 minutes to fully pull
+	// an image. Let me know when I am inevitably wrong here...
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Minute*15)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	// Get a registry auth configuration from the config.
+	var registryAuth *config.RegistryConfiguration
+	for registry, c := range config.Get().Docker.Registries {
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(image, registry) {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		log.WithField("registry", registry).Debug("using authentication for registry")
+		registryAuth = &c
+		break
+	}
+
+	// Get the ImagePullOptions.
+	imagePullOptions := types.ImagePullOptions{All: false}
+	if registryAuth != nil {
+		b64, err := registryAuth.Base64()
+		if err != nil {
+			log.WithError(err).Error("failed to get registry auth credentials")
+		}
+
+		// b64 is a string so if there is an error it will just be empty, not nil.
+		imagePullOptions.RegistryAuth = b64
+	}
+
+	out, err := e.client.ImagePull(ctx, image, imagePullOptions)
+	if err != nil {
+		images, ierr := e.client.ImageList(ctx, types.ImageListOptions{})
+		if ierr != nil {
+			// Well damn, something has gone really wrong here, just go ahead and abort there
+			// isn't much anything we can do to try and self-recover from this.
+			return errors.Wrap(ierr, "environment/docker: failed to list images")
+		}
+
+		for _, img := range images {
+			for _, t := range img.RepoTags {
+				if t != image {
+					continue
+				}
+
+				log.WithFields(log.Fields{
+					"image":        image,
+					"container_id": e.Id,
+					"err":          err.Error(),
+				}).Warn("unable to pull requested image from remote source, however the image exists locally")
+
+				// Okay, we found a matching container image, in that case just go ahead and return
+				// from this function, since there is nothing else we need to do here.
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "environment/docker: failed to pull \"%s\" image for server", image)
+	}
+	defer out.Close()
+
+	log.WithField("image", image).Debug("pulling docker image... this could take a bit of time")
+
+	// I'm not sure what the best approach here is, but this will block execution until the image
+	// is done being pulled, which is what we need.
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(out)
+
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		s := imagePullStatus{}
+		fmt.Println(scanner.Text())
+
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(scanner.Bytes(), &s); err == nil {
+			e.Events().Publish(environment.DockerImagePullStatus, s.Status+" "+s.Progress)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	log.WithField("image", image).Debug("completed docker image pull")
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (e *Environment) convertMounts() []mount.Mount {
+	var out []mount.Mount
+
+	for _, m := range e.Configuration.Mounts() {
+		out = append(out, mount.Mount{
+			Type:     mount.TypeBind,
+			Source:   m.Source,
+			Target:   m.Target,
+			ReadOnly: m.ReadOnly,
+		})
+	}
+
+	return out
+}
+
+func (e *Environment) resources() container.Resources {
+	l := e.Configuration.Limits()
+	pids := l.ProcessLimit()
+
+	return container.Resources{
+		Memory:            l.BoundedMemoryLimit(),
+		MemoryReservation: l.MemoryLimit * 1_000_000,
+		MemorySwap:        l.ConvertedSwap(),
+		CPUQuota:          l.ConvertedCpuLimit(),
+		CPUPeriod:         100_000,
+		CPUShares:         1024,
+		BlkioWeight:       l.IoWeight,
+		OomKillDisable:    &l.OOMDisabled,
+		CpusetCpus:        l.Threads,
+		PidsLimit:         &pids,
+	}
+}

environment/docker/environment.go

@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+package docker
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/metrics"
+	"io"
+	"sync"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/client"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/environment"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/events"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/remote"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
+)
+
+type Metadata struct {
+	Image string
+	Stop  remote.ProcessStopConfiguration
+}
+
+// Ensure that the Docker environment is always implementing all of the methods
+// from the base environment interface.
+var _ environment.ProcessEnvironment = (*Environment)(nil)
+
+type Environment struct {
+	mu      sync.RWMutex
+	eventMu sync.Once
+
+	// The public identifier for this environment. In this case it is the Docker container
+	// name that will be used for all instances created under it.
+	Id string
+
+	// The environment configuration.
+	Configuration *environment.Configuration
+
+	meta *Metadata
+
+	// The Docker client being used for this instance.
+	client *client.Client
+
+	// Controls the hijacked response stream which exists only when we're attached to
+	// the running container instance.
+	stream *types.HijackedResponse
+
+	// Holds the stats stream used by the polling commands so that we can easily close it out.
+	stats io.ReadCloser
+
+	emitter *events.EventBus
+
+	// Tracks the environment state.
+	st *system.AtomicString
+}
+
+// New creates a new base Docker environment. The ID passed through will be the
+// ID that is used to reference the container from here on out. This should be
+// unique per-server (we use the UUID by default). The container does not need
+// to exist at this point.
+func New(id string, m *Metadata, c *environment.Configuration) (*Environment, error) {
+	cli, err := environment.Docker()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	e := &Environment{
+		Id:            id,
+		Configuration: c,
+		meta:          m,
+		client:        cli,
+		st:            system.NewAtomicString(environment.ProcessOfflineState),
+	}
+
+	return e, nil
+}
+
+func (e *Environment) log() *log.Entry {
+	return log.WithField("environment", e.Type()).WithField("container_id", e.Id)
+}
+
+func (e *Environment) Type() string {
+	return "docker"
+}
+
+// Set if this process is currently attached to the process.
+func (e *Environment) SetStream(s *types.HijackedResponse) {
+	e.mu.Lock()
+	defer e.mu.Unlock()
+
+	e.stream = s
+}
+
+// Determine if the this process is currently attached to the container.
+func (e *Environment) IsAttached() bool {
+	e.mu.RLock()
+	defer e.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	return e.stream != nil
+}
+
+func (e *Environment) Events() *events.EventBus {
+	e.eventMu.Do(func() {
+		e.emitter = events.New()
+	})
+
+	return e.emitter
+}
+
+// Determines if the container exists in this environment. The ID passed through should be the
+// server UUID since containers are created utilizing the server UUID as the name and docker
+// will work fine when using the container name as the lookup parameter in addition to the longer
+// ID auto-assigned when the container is created.
+func (e *Environment) Exists() (bool, error) {
+	_, err := e.client.ContainerInspect(context.Background(), e.Id)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		// If this error is because the container instance wasn't found via Docker we
+		// can safely ignore the error and just return false.
+		if client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+			return false, nil
+		}
+
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+// Determines if the server's docker container is currently running. If there is no container
+// present, an error will be raised (since this shouldn't be a case that ever happens under
+// correctly developed circumstances).
+//
+// You can confirm if the instance wasn't found by using client.IsErrNotFound from the Docker
+// API.
+//
+// @see docker/client/errors.go
+func (e *Environment) IsRunning() (bool, error) {
+	c, err := e.client.ContainerInspect(context.Background(), e.Id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	return c.State.Running, nil
+}
+
+// Determine the container exit state and return the exit code and whether or not
+// the container was killed by the OOM killer.
+func (e *Environment) ExitState() (uint32, bool, error) {
+	c, err := e.client.ContainerInspect(context.Background(), e.Id)
+	if err != nil {
+		// I'm not entirely sure how this can happen to be honest. I tried deleting a
+		// container _while_ a server was running and wings gracefully saw the crash and
+		// created a new container for it.
+		//
+		// However, someone reported an error in Discord about this scenario happening,
+		// so I guess this should prevent it? They didn't tell me how they caused it though
+		// so that's a mystery that will have to go unsolved.
+		//
+		// @see https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/issues/2003
+		if client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+			return 1, false, nil
+		}
+
+		return 0, false, err
+	}
+
+	return uint32(c.State.ExitCode), c.State.OOMKilled, nil
+}
+
+// Returns the environment configuration allowing a process to make modifications of the
+// environment on the fly.
+func (e *Environment) Config() *environment.Configuration {
+	e.mu.RLock()
+	defer e.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	return e.Configuration
+}
+
+// Sets the stop configuration for the environment.
+func (e *Environment) SetStopConfiguration(c remote.ProcessStopConfiguration) {
+	e.mu.Lock()
+	defer e.mu.Unlock()
+
+	e.meta.Stop = c
+}
+
+func (e *Environment) SetImage(i string) {
+	e.mu.Lock()
+	defer e.mu.Unlock()
+
+	e.meta.Image = i
+}
+
+func (e *Environment) State() string {
+	return e.st.Load()
+}
+
+// SetState sets the state of the environment. This emits an event that server's
+// can hook into to take their own actions and track their own state based on
+// the environment.
+func (e *Environment) SetState(state string) {
+	if state != environment.ProcessOfflineState &&
+		state != environment.ProcessStartingState &&
+		state != environment.ProcessRunningState &&
+		state != environment.ProcessStoppingState {
+		panic(errors.New(fmt.Sprintf("invalid server state received: %s", state)))
+	}
+
+	// Emit the event to any listeners that are currently registered.
+	if e.State() != state {
+		// If the state changed make sure we update the internal tracking to note that.
+		e.st.Store(state)
+		e.Events().Publish(environment.StateChangeEvent, state)
+
+		if state == environment.ProcessRunningState || state == environment.ProcessOfflineState {
+			val := 0
+			if state == environment.ProcessRunningState {
+				val = 1
+			} else {
+				metrics.ResetServer(e.Id)
+			}
+			metrics.ServerStatus.WithLabelValues(e.Id).Set(float64(val))
+		}
+	}
+}

environment/docker/power.go

@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+package docker
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/client"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/environment"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/remote"
+)
+
+// Run before the container starts and get the process configuration from the Panel.
+// This is important since we use this to check configuration files as well as ensure
+// we always have the latest version of an egg available for server processes.
+//
+// This process will also confirm that the server environment exists and is in a bootable
+// state. This ensures that unexpected container deletion while Wings is running does
+// not result in the server becoming un-bootable.
+func (e *Environment) OnBeforeStart() error {
+	// Always destroy and re-create the server container to ensure that synced data from the Panel is used.
+	if err := e.client.ContainerRemove(context.Background(), e.Id, types.ContainerRemoveOptions{RemoveVolumes: true}); err != nil {
+		if !client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+			return errors.WrapIf(err, "environment/docker: failed to remove container during pre-boot")
+		}
+	}
+
+	// The Create() function will check if the container exists in the first place, and if
+	// so just silently return without an error. Otherwise, it will try to create the necessary
+	// container and data storage directory.
+	//
+	// This won't actually run an installation process however, it is just here to ensure the
+	// environment gets created properly if it is missing and the server is started. We're making
+	// an assumption that all of the files will still exist at this point.
+	if err := e.Create(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Starts the server environment and begins piping output to the event listeners for the
+// console. If a container does not exist, or needs to be rebuilt that will happen in the
+// call to OnBeforeStart().
+func (e *Environment) Start() error {
+	sawError := false
+
+	// If sawError is set to true there was an error somewhere in the pipeline that
+	// got passed up, but we also want to ensure we set the server to be offline at
+	// that point.
+	defer func() {
+		if sawError {
+			// If we don't set it to stopping first, you'll trigger crash detection which
+			// we don't want to do at this point since it'll just immediately try to do the
+			// exact same action that lead to it crashing in the first place...
+			e.SetState(environment.ProcessStoppingState)
+			e.SetState(environment.ProcessOfflineState)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	if c, err := e.client.ContainerInspect(context.Background(), e.Id); err != nil {
+		// Do nothing if the container is not found, we just don't want to continue
+		// to the next block of code here. This check was inlined here to guard against
+		// a nil-pointer when checking c.State below.
+		//
+		// @see https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/issues/2000
+		if !client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+			return errors.WrapIf(err, "environment/docker: failed to inspect container")
+		}
+	} else {
+		// If the server is running update our internal state and continue on with the attach.
+		if c.State.Running {
+			e.SetState(environment.ProcessRunningState)
+
+			return e.Attach()
+		}
+
+		// Truncate the log file so we don't end up outputting a bunch of useless log information
+		// to the websocket and whatnot. Check first that the path and file exist before trying
+		// to truncate them.
+		if _, err := os.Stat(c.LogPath); err == nil {
+			if err := os.Truncate(c.LogPath, 0); err != nil {
+				return errors.Wrap(err, "environment/docker: failed to truncate instance logs")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	e.SetState(environment.ProcessStartingState)
+
+	// Set this to true for now, we will set it to false once we reach the
+	// end of this chain.
+	sawError = true
+
+	// Run the before start function and wait for it to finish. This will validate that the container
+	// exists on the system, and rebuild the container if that is required for server booting to
+	// occur.
+	if err := e.OnBeforeStart(); err != nil {
+		return errors.WithStackIf(err)
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second*10)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	if err := e.client.ContainerStart(ctx, e.Id, types.ContainerStartOptions{}); err != nil {
+		return errors.WrapIf(err, "environment/docker: failed to start container")
+	}
+
+	// No errors, good to continue through.
+	sawError = false
+
+	return e.Attach()
+}
+
+// Stop stops the container that the server is running in. This will allow up to
+// 30 seconds to pass before the container is forcefully terminated if we are
+// trying to stop it without using a command sent into the instance.
+//
+// You most likely want to be using WaitForStop() rather than this function,
+// since this will return as soon as the command is sent, rather than waiting
+// for the process to be completed stopped.
+//
+// TODO: pass context through from the server instance.
+func (e *Environment) Stop() error {
+	e.mu.RLock()
+	s := e.meta.Stop
+	e.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	// A native "stop" as the Type field value will just skip over all of this
+	// logic and end up only executing the container stop command (which may or
+	// may not work as expected).
+	if s.Type == "" || s.Type == remote.ProcessStopSignal {
+		if s.Type == "" {
+			log.WithField("container_id", e.Id).Warn("no stop configuration detected for environment, using termination procedure")
+		}
+
+		signal := os.Kill
+		// Handle a few common cases, otherwise just fall through and just pass along
+		// the os.Kill signal to the process.
+		switch strings.ToUpper(s.Value) {
+		case "SIGABRT":
+			signal = syscall.SIGABRT
+		case "SIGINT":
+			signal = syscall.SIGINT
+		case "SIGTERM":
+			signal = syscall.SIGTERM
+		}
+		return e.Terminate(signal)
+	}
+
+	// If the process is already offline don't switch it back to stopping. Just leave it how
+	// it is and continue through to the stop handling for the process.
+	if e.st.Load() != environment.ProcessOfflineState {
+		e.SetState(environment.ProcessStoppingState)
+	}
+
+	// Only attempt to send the stop command to the instance if we are actually attached to
+	// the instance. If we are not for some reason, just send the container stop event.
+	if e.IsAttached() && s.Type == remote.ProcessStopCommand {
+		return e.SendCommand(s.Value)
+	}
+
+	t := time.Second * 30
+	if err := e.client.ContainerStop(context.Background(), e.Id, &t); err != nil {
+		// If the container does not exist just mark the process as stopped and return without
+		// an error.
+		if client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+			e.SetStream(nil)
+			e.SetState(environment.ProcessOfflineState)
+			return nil
+		}
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "environment/docker: cannot stop container")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// WaitForStop attempts to gracefully stop a server using the defined stop
+// command. If the server does not stop after seconds have passed, an error will
+// be returned, or the instance will be terminated forcefully depending on the
+// value of the second argument.
+func (e *Environment) WaitForStop(seconds uint, terminate bool) error {
+	if err := e.Stop(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Duration(seconds)*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	// Block the return of this function until the container as been marked as no
+	// longer running. If this wait does not end by the time seconds have passed,
+	// attempt to terminate the container, or return an error.
+	ok, errChan := e.client.ContainerWait(ctx, e.Id, container.WaitConditionNotRunning)
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		if ctxErr := ctx.Err(); ctxErr != nil {
+			if terminate {
+				log.WithField("container_id", e.Id).Info("server did not stop in time, executing process termination")
+
+				return e.Terminate(os.Kill)
+			}
+
+			return ctxErr
+		}
+	case err := <-errChan:
+		// If the error stems from the container not existing there is no point in wasting
+		// CPU time to then try and terminate it.
+		if err != nil && !client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+			if terminate {
+				l := log.WithField("container_id", e.Id)
+				if errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+					l.Warn("deadline exceeded for container stop; terminating process")
+				} else {
+					l.WithField("error", err).Warn("error while waiting for container stop; terminating process")
+				}
+
+				return e.Terminate(os.Kill)
+			}
+			return errors.WrapIf(err, "environment/docker: error waiting on container to enter \"not-running\" state")
+		}
+	case <-ok:
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Terminate forcefully terminates the container using the signal provided.
+func (e *Environment) Terminate(signal os.Signal) error {
+	c, err := e.client.ContainerInspect(context.Background(), e.Id)
+	if err != nil {
+		// Treat missing containers as an okay error state, means it is obviously
+		// already terminated at this point.
+		if client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return errors.WithStack(err)
+	}
+
+	if !c.State.Running {
+		// If the container is not running but we're not already in a stopped state go ahead
+		// and update things to indicate we should be completely stopped now. Set to stopping
+		// first so crash detection is not triggered.
+		if e.st.Load() != environment.ProcessOfflineState {
+			e.SetState(environment.ProcessStoppingState)
+			e.SetState(environment.ProcessOfflineState)
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// We set it to stopping than offline to prevent crash detection from being triggered.
+	e.SetState(environment.ProcessStoppingState)
+	sig := strings.TrimSuffix(strings.TrimPrefix(signal.String(), "signal "), "ed")
+	if err := e.client.ContainerKill(context.Background(), e.Id, sig); err != nil && !client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+		return errors.WithStack(err)
+	}
+	e.SetState(environment.ProcessOfflineState)
+
+	return nil
+}

environment/docker/stats.go

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+package docker
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/environment"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/metrics"
+	"io"
+	"math"
+)
+
+// Attach to the instance and then automatically emit an event whenever the resource usage for the
+// server process changes.
+func (e *Environment) pollResources(ctx context.Context) error {
+	if e.st.Load() == environment.ProcessOfflineState {
+		return errors.New("cannot enable resource polling on a stopped server")
+	}
+
+	e.log().Info("starting resource polling for container")
+	defer e.log().Debug("stopped resource polling for container")
+
+	stats, err := e.client.ContainerStats(ctx, e.Id, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer stats.Body.Close()
+
+	dec := json.NewDecoder(stats.Body)
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return ctx.Err()
+		default:
+			var v types.StatsJSON
+			if err := dec.Decode(&v); err != nil {
+				if err != io.EOF && !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
+					e.log().WithField("error", err).Warn("error while processing Docker stats output for container")
+				} else {
+					e.log().Debug("io.EOF encountered during stats decode, stopping polling...")
+				}
+				return nil
+			}
+
+			// Disable collection if the server is in an offline state and this process is still running.
+			if e.st.Load() == environment.ProcessOfflineState {
+				e.log().Debug("process in offline state while resource polling is still active; stopping poll")
+				return nil
+			}
+
+			st := environment.Stats{
+				Memory:      calculateDockerMemory(v.MemoryStats),
+				MemoryLimit: v.MemoryStats.Limit,
+				CpuAbsolute: calculateDockerAbsoluteCpu(v.PreCPUStats, v.CPUStats),
+				Network:     environment.NetworkStats{},
+			}
+
+			for _, nw := range v.Networks {
+				st.Network.RxBytes += nw.RxBytes
+				st.Network.TxBytes += nw.TxBytes
+			}
+
+			metrics.ServerCPU.WithLabelValues(e.Id).Set(st.CpuAbsolute)
+			metrics.ServerMemory.WithLabelValues(e.Id).Set(float64(st.Memory))
+			metrics.ServerNetworkRx.WithLabelValues(e.Id).Set(float64(st.Network.RxBytes))
+			metrics.ServerNetworkTx.WithLabelValues(e.Id).Set(float64(st.Network.TxBytes))
+
+			if b, err := json.Marshal(st); err != nil {
+				e.log().WithField("error", err).Warn("error while marshaling stats object for environment")
+			} else {
+				e.Events().Publish(environment.ResourceEvent, string(b))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// The "docker stats" CLI call does not return the same value as the types.MemoryStats.Usage
+// value which can be rather confusing to people trying to compare panel usage to
+// their stats output.
+//
+// This math is straight up lifted from their CLI repository in order to show the same
+// values to avoid people bothering me about it. It should also reflect a slightly more
+// correct memory value anyways.
+//
+// @see https://github.com/docker/cli/blob/96e1d1d6/cli/command/container/stats_helpers.go#L227-L249
+func calculateDockerMemory(stats types.MemoryStats) uint64 {
+	if v, ok := stats.Stats["total_inactive_file"]; ok && v < stats.Usage {
+		return stats.Usage - v
+	}
+
+	if v := stats.Stats["inactive_file"]; v < stats.Usage {
+		return stats.Usage - v
+	}
+
+	return stats.Usage
+}
+
+// Calculates the absolute CPU usage used by the server process on the system, not constrained
+// by the defined CPU limits on the container.
+//
+// @see https://github.com/docker/cli/blob/aa097cf1aa19099da70930460250797c8920b709/cli/command/container/stats_helpers.go#L166
+func calculateDockerAbsoluteCpu(pStats types.CPUStats, stats types.CPUStats) float64 {
+	// Calculate the change in CPU usage between the current and previous reading.
+	cpuDelta := float64(stats.CPUUsage.TotalUsage) - float64(pStats.CPUUsage.TotalUsage)
+
+	// Calculate the change for the entire system's CPU usage between current and previous reading.
+	systemDelta := float64(stats.SystemUsage) - float64(pStats.SystemUsage)
+
+	// Calculate the total number of CPU cores being used.
+	cpus := float64(stats.OnlineCPUs)
+	if cpus == 0.0 {
+		cpus = float64(len(stats.CPUUsage.PercpuUsage))
+	}
+
+	percent := 0.0
+	if systemDelta > 0.0 && cpuDelta > 0.0 {
+		percent = (cpuDelta / systemDelta) * cpus * 100.0
+	}
+
+	return math.Round(percent*1000) / 1000
+}

environment/environment.go

@@ -1,15 +1,46 @@
-package server
+package environment
 
 import (
 	"os"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/events"
+)
+
+const (
+	ConsoleOutputEvent       = "console output"
+	StateChangeEvent         = "state change"
+	ResourceEvent            = "resources"
+	DockerImagePullStarted   = "docker image pull started"
+	DockerImagePullStatus    = "docker image pull status"
+	DockerImagePullCompleted = "docker image pull completed"
+)
+
+const (
+	ProcessOfflineState  = "offline"
+	ProcessStartingState = "starting"
+	ProcessRunningState  = "running"
+	ProcessStoppingState = "stopping"
 )
 
 // Defines the basic interface that all environments need to implement so that
 // a server can be properly controlled.
-type Environment interface {
+type ProcessEnvironment interface {
 	// Returns the name of the environment.
 	Type() string
 
+	// Returns the environment configuration to the caller.
+	Config() *Configuration
+
+	// Returns an event emitter instance that can be hooked into to listen for different
+	// events that are fired by the environment. This should not allow someone to publish
+	// events, only subscribe to them.
+	Events() *events.EventBus
+
+	// Determines if the server instance exists. For example, in a docker environment
+	// this should confirm that the container is created and in a bootable state. In
+	// a basic CLI environment this can probably just return true right away.
+	Exists() (bool, error)
+
 	// Determines if the environment is currently active and running a server process
 	// for this specific server instance.
 	IsRunning() (bool, error)
@@ -34,12 +65,7 @@ type Environment interface {
 	// Waits for a server instance to stop gracefully. If the server is still detected
 	// as running after seconds, an error will be returned, or the server will be terminated
 	// depending on the value of the second argument.
-	WaitForStop(seconds int, terminate bool) error
-
-	// Determines if the server instance exists. For example, in a docker environment
-	// this should confirm that the container is created and in a bootable state. In
-	// a basic CLI environment this can probably just return true right away.
-	Exists() (bool, error)
+	WaitForStop(seconds uint, terminate bool) error
 
 	// Terminates a running server instance using the provided signal. If the server
 	// is not running no error should be returned.
@@ -63,22 +89,18 @@ type Environment interface {
 	// send data into the environment's stdin.
 	Attach() error
 
-	// Follows the output from the server console and will begin piping the output to
-	// the server's emitter.
-	FollowConsoleOutput() error
-
 	// Sends the provided command to the running server instance.
 	SendCommand(string) error
 
 	// Reads the log file for the process from the end backwards until the provided
-	// number of bytes is met.
-	Readlog(int64) ([]string, error)
+	// number of lines is met.
+	Readlog(int) ([]string, error)
 
-	// Polls the given environment for resource usage of the server when the process
-	// is running.
-	EnableResourcePolling() error
+	// Returns the current state of the environment.
+	State() string
 
-	// Disables the polling operation for resource usage and sets the required values
-	// to 0 in the server resource usage struct.
-	DisableResourcePolling() error
+	// Sets the current state of the environment. In general you should let the environment
+	// handle this itself, but there are some scenarios where it is helpful for the server
+	// to update the state externally (e.g. starting -> started).
+	SetState(string)
 }

environment/settings.go

@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+package environment
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
+	"strconv"
+
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+)
+
+type Mount struct {
+	// In Docker environments this makes no difference, however in a non-Docker environment you
+	// should treat the "Default" mount as the root directory for the server. All other mounts
+	// are just in addition to that one, and generally things like shared maps or timezone data.
+	Default bool `json:"-"`
+
+	// The target path on the system. This is "/home/container" for all server's Default mount
+	// but in non-container environments you can likely ignore the target and just work with the
+	// source.
+	Target string `json:"target"`
+
+	// The directory from which the files will be read. In Docker environments this is the directory
+	// that we're mounting into the container at the Target location.
+	Source string `json:"source"`
+
+	// Whether or not the directory is being mounted as read-only. It is up to the environment to
+	// handle this value correctly and ensure security expectations are met with its usage.
+	ReadOnly bool `json:"read_only"`
+}
+
+// Limits is the build settings for a given server that impact docker container
+// creation and resource limits for a server instance.
+type Limits struct {
+	// The total amount of memory in megabytes that this server is allowed to
+	// use on the host system.
+	MemoryLimit int64 `json:"memory_limit"`
+
+	// The amount of additional swap space to be provided to a container instance.
+	Swap int64 `json:"swap"`
+
+	// The relative weight for IO operations in a container. This is relative to other
+	// containers on the system and should be a value between 10 and 1000.
+	IoWeight uint16 `json:"io_weight"`
+
+	// The percentage of CPU that this instance is allowed to consume relative to
+	// the host. A value of 200% represents complete utilization of two cores. This
+	// should be a value between 1 and THREAD_COUNT * 100.
+	CpuLimit int64 `json:"cpu_limit"`
+
+	// The amount of disk space in megabytes that a server is allowed to use.
+	DiskSpace int64 `json:"disk_space"`
+
+	// Sets which CPU threads can be used by the docker instance.
+	Threads string `json:"threads"`
+
+	OOMDisabled bool `json:"oom_disabled"`
+}
+
+// ConvertedCpuLimit converts the CPU limit for a server build into a number
+// that can be better understood by the Docker environment. If there is no limit
+// set, return -1 which will indicate to Docker that it has unlimited CPU quota.
+func (l Limits) ConvertedCpuLimit() int64 {
+	if l.CpuLimit == 0 {
+		return -1
+	}
+
+	return l.CpuLimit * 1000
+}
+
+// MemoryOverheadMultiplier sets the hard limit for memory usage to be 5% more
+// than the amount of memory assigned to the server. If the memory limit for the
+// server is < 4G, use 10%, if less than 2G use 15%. This avoids unexpected
+// crashes from processes like Java which run over the limit.
+func (l Limits) MemoryOverheadMultiplier() float64 {
+	if l.MemoryLimit <= 2048 {
+		return 1.15
+	} else if l.MemoryLimit <= 4096 {
+		return 1.10
+	}
+
+	return 1.05
+}
+
+func (l Limits) BoundedMemoryLimit() int64 {
+	return int64(math.Round(float64(l.MemoryLimit) * l.MemoryOverheadMultiplier() * 1_000_000))
+}
+
+// ConvertedSwap returns the amount of swap available as a total in bytes. This
+// is returned as the amount of memory available to the server initially, PLUS
+// the amount of additional swap to include which is the format used by Docker.
+func (l Limits) ConvertedSwap() int64 {
+	if l.Swap < 0 {
+		return -1
+	}
+
+	return (l.Swap * 1_000_000) + l.BoundedMemoryLimit()
+}
+
+// ProcessLimit returns the process limit for a container. This is currently
+// defined at a system level and not on a per-server basis.
+func (l Limits) ProcessLimit() int64 {
+	return config.Get().Docker.ContainerPidLimit
+}
+
+func (l Limits) AsContainerResources() container.Resources {
+	pids := l.ProcessLimit()
+
+	return container.Resources{
+		Memory:            l.BoundedMemoryLimit(),
+		MemoryReservation: l.MemoryLimit * 1_000_000,
+		MemorySwap:        l.ConvertedSwap(),
+		CPUQuota:          l.ConvertedCpuLimit(),
+		CPUPeriod:         100_000,
+		CPUShares:         1024,
+		BlkioWeight:       l.IoWeight,
+		OomKillDisable:    &l.OOMDisabled,
+		CpusetCpus:        l.Threads,
+		PidsLimit:         &pids,
+	}
+}
+
+type Variables map[string]interface{}
+
+// Get is an ugly hacky function to handle environment variables that get passed
+// through as not-a-string from the Panel. Ideally we'd just say only pass
+// strings, but that is a fragile idea and if a string wasn't passed through
+// you'd cause a crash or the server to become unavailable. For now try to
+// handle the most likely values from the JSON and hope for the best.
+func (v Variables) Get(key string) string {
+	val, ok := v[key]
+	if !ok {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	switch val.(type) {
+	case int:
+		return strconv.Itoa(val.(int))
+	case int32:
+		return strconv.FormatInt(val.(int64), 10)
+	case int64:
+		return strconv.FormatInt(val.(int64), 10)
+	case float32:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%f", val.(float32))
+	case float64:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%f", val.(float64))
+	case bool:
+		return strconv.FormatBool(val.(bool))
+	case string:
+		return val.(string)
+	}
+
+	// TODO: I think we can add a check for val == nil and return an empty string for those
+	//  and this warning should theoretically never happen?
+	log.Warn(fmt.Sprintf("failed to marshal environment variable \"%s\" of type %+v into string", key, val))
+
+	return ""
+}

environment/stats.go

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package environment
+
+// Defines the current resource usage for a given server instance. If a server is offline you
+// should obviously expect memory and CPU usage to be 0. However, disk will always be returned
+// since that is not dependent on the server being running to collect that data.
+type Stats struct {
+	// The total amount of memory, in bytes, that this server instance is consuming. This is
+	// calculated slightly differently than just using the raw Memory field that the stats
+	// return from the container, so please check the code setting this value for how that
+	// is calculated.
+	Memory uint64 `json:"memory_bytes"`
+
+	// The total amount of memory this container or resource can use. Inside Docker this is
+	// going to be higher than you'd expect because we're automatically allocating overhead
+	// abilities for the container, so its not going to be a perfect match.
+	MemoryLimit uint64 `json:"memory_limit_bytes"`
+
+	// The absolute CPU usage is the amount of CPU used in relation to the entire system and
+	// does not take into account any limits on the server process itself.
+	CpuAbsolute float64 `json:"cpu_absolute"`
+
+	// The current disk space being used by the server. This is cached to prevent slow lookup
+	// issues on frequent refreshes.
+	// Disk int64 `json:"disk_bytes"`
+
+	// Current network transmit in & out for a container.
+	Network NetworkStats `json:"network"`
+}
+
+type NetworkStats struct {
+	RxBytes uint64 `json:"rx_bytes"`
+	TxBytes uint64 `json:"tx_bytes"`
+}

events/events.go

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+package events
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/gammazero/workerpool"
+)
+
+type Event struct {
+	Data  string
+	Topic string
+}
+
+type EventBus struct {
+	mu    sync.RWMutex
+	pools map[string]*CallbackPool
+}
+
+func New() *EventBus {
+	return &EventBus{
+		pools: make(map[string]*CallbackPool),
+	}
+}
+
+// Publish data to a given topic.
+func (e *EventBus) Publish(topic string, data string) {
+	t := topic
+	// Some of our topics for the socket support passing a more specific namespace,
+	// such as "backup completed:1234" to indicate which specific backup was completed.
+	//
+	// In these cases, we still need to the send the event using the standard listener
+	// name of "backup completed".
+	if strings.Contains(topic, ":") {
+		parts := strings.SplitN(topic, ":", 2)
+
+		if len(parts) == 2 {
+			t = parts[0]
+		}
+	}
+
+	e.mu.RLock()
+	defer e.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	// Acquire a read lock and loop over all of the channels registered for the topic. This
+	// avoids a panic crash if the process tries to unregister the channel while this routine
+	// is running.
+	if cp, ok := e.pools[t]; ok {
+		for _, callback := range cp.callbacks {
+			c := *callback
+			evt := Event{Data: data, Topic: topic}
+			// Using the workerpool with one worker allows us to execute events in a FIFO manner. Running
+			// this using goroutines would cause things such as console output to just output in random order
+			// if more than one event is fired at the same time.
+			//
+			// However, the pool submission does not block the execution of this function itself, allowing
+			// us to call publish without blocking any of the other pathways.
+			//
+			// @see https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/issues/2303
+			cp.pool.Submit(func() {
+				c(evt)
+			})
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Publishes a JSON message to a given topic.
+func (e *EventBus) PublishJson(topic string, data interface{}) error {
+	b, err := json.Marshal(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	e.Publish(topic, string(b))
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Register a callback function that will be executed each time one of the events using the topic
+// name is called.
+func (e *EventBus) On(topic string, callback *func(Event)) {
+	e.mu.Lock()
+	defer e.mu.Unlock()
+
+	// Check if this topic has been registered at least once for the event listener, and if
+	// not create an empty struct for the topic.
+	if _, exists := e.pools[topic]; !exists {
+		e.pools[topic] = &CallbackPool{
+			callbacks: make([]*func(Event), 0),
+			pool:      workerpool.New(1),
+		}
+	}
+
+	// If this callback is not already registered as an event listener, go ahead and append
+	// it to the array of callbacks for this topic.
+	e.pools[topic].Add(callback)
+}
+
+// Removes an event listener from the bus.
+func (e *EventBus) Off(topic string, callback *func(Event)) {
+	e.mu.Lock()
+	defer e.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if cp, ok := e.pools[topic]; ok {
+		cp.Remove(callback)
+	}
+}
+
+// Removes all of the event listeners that have been registered for any topic. Also stops the worker
+// pool to close that routine.
+func (e *EventBus) Destroy() {
+	e.mu.Lock()
+	defer e.mu.Unlock()
+
+	// Stop every pool that exists for a given callback topic.
+	for _, cp := range e.pools {
+		cp.pool.Stop()
+	}
+
+	e.pools = make(map[string]*CallbackPool)
+}

events/pool.go

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+package events
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+
+	"github.com/gammazero/workerpool"
+)
+
+type CallbackPool struct {
+	callbacks []*func(Event)
+	pool      *workerpool.WorkerPool
+}
+
+// Pushes a new callback into the array of listeners for the pool.
+func (cp *CallbackPool) Add(callback *func(Event)) {
+	if cp.index(reflect.ValueOf(callback)) < 0 {
+		cp.callbacks = append(cp.callbacks, callback)
+	}
+}
+
+// Removes a callback from the array of registered callbacks if it exists.
+func (cp *CallbackPool) Remove(callback *func(Event)) {
+	i := cp.index(reflect.ValueOf(callback))
+
+	// If i < 0 it means there was no index found for the given callback, meaning it was
+	// never registered or was already unregistered from the listeners. Also double check
+	// that we didn't somehow escape the length of the topic callback (not sure how that
+	// would happen, but lets avoid a panic condition).
+	if i < 0 || i >= len(cp.callbacks) {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// We can assume that the topic still exists at this point since we acquire an exclusive
+	// lock on the process, and the "e.index" function cannot return a value >= 0 if there is
+	// no topic already existing.
+	cp.callbacks = append(cp.callbacks[:i], cp.callbacks[i+1:]...)
+}
+
+// Finds the index of a given callback in the topic by comparing all of the registered callback
+// pointers to the passed function. This function does not aquire a lock as it should only be called
+// within the confines of a function that has already acquired a lock for the duration of the lookup.
+func (cp *CallbackPool) index(v reflect.Value) int {
+	for i, handler := range cp.callbacks {
+		if reflect.ValueOf(handler).Pointer() == v.Pointer() {
+			return i
+		}
+	}
+
+	return -1
+}

go.mod

@@ -1,77 +1,83 @@
 module github.com/pterodactyl/wings
 
-go 1.13
-
-// Uncomment this in development environments to make changes to the core SFTP
-// server software. This assumes you're using the official Pterodactyl Environment
-// otherwise this path will not work.
-//
-// @see https://github.com/pterodactyl/development
-//
-// replace github.com/pterodactyl/sftp-server => ../sftp-server
+go 1.14
 
 require (
-	github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2 v2.0.7
-	github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20170929234023-d6e3b3328b78 // indirect
-	github.com/Jeffail/gabs/v2 v2.2.0
-	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.4.7 // indirect
-	github.com/Nvveen/Gotty v0.0.0-20120604004816-cd527374f1e5 // indirect
-	github.com/apex/log v1.3.0
-	github.com/asaskevich/govalidator v0.0.0-20190424111038-f61b66f89f4a
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go v1.30.14 // indirect
+	emperror.dev/errors v0.8.0
+	github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2 v2.2.7
+	github.com/Jeffail/gabs/v2 v2.6.0
+	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.4.16 // indirect
+	github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.8.14 // indirect
+	github.com/NYTimes/logrotate v1.0.0
+	github.com/andybalholm/brotli v1.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/apex/log v1.9.0
+	github.com/asaskevich/govalidator v0.0.0-20200907205600-7a23bdc65eef
 	github.com/beevik/etree v1.1.0
-	github.com/buger/jsonparser v0.0.0-20191204142016-1a29609e0929
+	github.com/buger/jsonparser v1.1.0
+	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.1.0
 	github.com/cobaugh/osrelease v0.0.0-20181218015638-a93a0a55a249
-	github.com/containerd/fifo v0.0.0-20190226154929-a9fb20d87448 // indirect
-	github.com/creasty/defaults v1.3.0
+	github.com/containerd/containerd v1.4.3 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/fifo v0.0.0-20201026212402-0724c46b320c // indirect
+	github.com/creasty/defaults v1.5.1
 	github.com/docker/distribution v2.7.1+incompatible // indirect
-	github.com/docker/docker v0.0.0-20180422163414-57142e89befe
+	github.com/docker/docker v20.10.1+incompatible
 	github.com/docker/go-connections v0.4.0
-	github.com/docker/go-units v0.3.3 // indirect
-	github.com/fatih/color v1.9.0
-	github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v0.1.4
-	github.com/gbrlsnchs/jwt/v3 v3.0.0-rc.0
-	github.com/ghodss/yaml v1.0.0
-	github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.6.2
-	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.3.5 // indirect
-	github.com/google/uuid v1.1.1
-	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.4.0
-	github.com/gotestyourself/gotestyourself v2.2.0+incompatible // indirect
-	github.com/iancoleman/strcase v0.0.0-20191112232945-16388991a334
+	github.com/docker/go-metrics v0.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/fatih/color v1.10.0
+	github.com/franela/goblin v0.0.0-20200825194134-80c0062ed6cd
+	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.4.9 // indirect
+	github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.1.2
+	github.com/gammazero/deque v0.0.0-20201010052221-3932da5530cc // indirect
+	github.com/gammazero/workerpool v1.1.1
+	github.com/gbrlsnchs/jwt/v3 v3.0.0
+	github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.6.3
+	github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.4.1 // indirect
+	github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.2 // indirect
+	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.2 // indirect
+	github.com/google/uuid v1.1.2
+	github.com/gorilla/mux v1.7.4 // indirect
+	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.4.2
+	github.com/iancoleman/strcase v0.1.2
 	github.com/icza/dyno v0.0.0-20200205103839-49cb13720835
-	github.com/imdario/mergo v0.3.8
-	github.com/klauspost/pgzip v1.2.3
-	github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.1
-	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.4
-	github.com/mattn/go-shellwords v1.0.10 // indirect
-	github.com/mholt/archiver/v3 v3.3.0
+	github.com/imdario/mergo v0.3.9
+	github.com/juju/ratelimit v1.0.1
+	github.com/karrick/godirwalk v1.16.1
+	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.11.4 // indirect
+	github.com/klauspost/pgzip v1.2.5
+	github.com/leodido/go-urn v1.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/magefile/mage v1.10.0 // indirect
+	github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.4
+	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.8
+	github.com/mgutz/ansi v0.0.0-20200706080929-d51e80ef957d // indirect
+	github.com/mholt/archiver/v3 v3.5.0
 	github.com/mitchellh/colorstring v0.0.0-20190213212951-d06e56a500db
-	github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd // indirect
-	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/term v0.0.0-20201216013528-df9cb8a40635 // indirect
+	github.com/morikuni/aec v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/niemeyer/pretty v0.0.0-20200227124842-a10e7caefd8e // indirect
-	github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v1.0.0-rc1 // indirect
+	github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/patrickmn/go-cache v2.1.0+incompatible
-	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1
-	github.com/pkg/profile v1.4.0
-	github.com/pkg/sftp v1.11.0 // indirect
-	github.com/pterodactyl/sftp-server v1.1.2
-	github.com/remeh/sizedwaitgroup v0.0.0-20180822144253-5e7302b12cce
-	github.com/sabhiram/go-gitignore v0.0.0-20180611051255-d3107576ba94
-	github.com/smartystreets/goconvey v1.6.4 // indirect
-	github.com/spf13/cobra v0.0.7
-	github.com/stretchr/objx v0.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.1.30 // indirect
-	go.uber.org/zap v1.15.0
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200429183012-4b2356b1ed79 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20200302205851-738671d3881b // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200425230154-ff2c4b7c35a0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20200317015054-43a5402ce75a
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200509044756-6aff5f38e54f // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20200509030707-2212a7e161a5 // indirect
+	github.com/pierrec/lz4/v4 v4.1.2 // indirect
+	github.com/pkg/profile v1.5.0
+	github.com/pkg/sftp v1.12.0
+	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.9.0 // indirect
+	github.com/sabhiram/go-gitignore v0.0.0-20201211210132-54b8a0bf510f
+	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.7.0 // indirect
+	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.1.1
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.6.1
+	github.com/ugorji/go v1.2.2 // indirect
+	github.com/ulikunitz/xz v0.5.9 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20201221181555-eec23a3978ad
+	golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201224014010-6772e930b67b // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20201207232520-09787c993a3a
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20201223074533-0d417f636930 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201210144234-2321bbc49cbf // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.3.4 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20201208040808-7e3f01d25324 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20200804184101-5ec99f83aff1 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20201214200347-8c77b98c765d // indirect
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.34.0 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20200227125254-8fa46927fb4f // indirect
-	gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.51.0
-	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.8
-	gotest.tools v2.2.0+incompatible // indirect
-	honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.1-2020.1.3 // indirect
+	gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.62.0
+	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0
 )

installer/installer.go

@@ -1,41 +1,35 @@
 package installer
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
-	"github.com/apex/log"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"github.com/asaskevich/govalidator"
 	"github.com/buger/jsonparser"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/api"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/environment"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/remote"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
-	"os"
-	"path"
 )
 
 type Installer struct {
 	server *server.Server
 }
 
-// Validates the received data to ensure that all of the required fields
+// New validates the received data to ensure that all of the required fields
 // have been passed along in the request. This should be manually run before
 // calling Execute().
-func New(data []byte) (*Installer, error) {
+func New(ctx context.Context, manager *server.Manager, data []byte) (*Installer, error) {
 	if !govalidator.IsUUIDv4(getString(data, "uuid")) {
 		return nil, NewValidationError("uuid provided was not in a valid format")
 	}
 
-	if !govalidator.IsUUIDv4(getString(data, "service", "egg")) {
-		return nil, NewValidationError("service egg provided was not in a valid format")
-	}
-
-	s := &server.Server{
+	cfg := &server.Configuration{
 		Uuid:           getString(data, "uuid"),
 		Suspended:      false,
-		State:      server.ProcessOfflineState,
 		Invocation:     getString(data, "invocation"),
-		EnvVars:    make(map[string]string),
-		Build: server.BuildSettings{
+		SkipEggScripts: getBoolean(data, "skip_egg_scripts"),
+		Build: environment.Limits{
 			MemoryLimit: getInt(data, "build", "memory"),
 			Swap:        getInt(data, "build", "swap"),
 			IoWeight:    uint16(getInt(data, "build", "io")),
@@ -43,94 +37,61 @@ func New(data []byte) (*Installer, error) {
 			DiskSpace:   getInt(data, "build", "disk"),
 			Threads:     getString(data, "build", "threads"),
 		},
-		Allocations: server.Allocations{
-			Mappings: make(map[string][]int),
-		},
+		CrashDetectionEnabled: true,
 	}
 
-	s.Allocations.DefaultMapping.Ip = getString(data, "allocations", "default", "ip")
-	s.Allocations.DefaultMapping.Port = int(getInt(data, "allocations", "default", "port"))
+	cfg.Allocations.DefaultMapping.Ip = getString(data, "allocations", "default", "ip")
+	cfg.Allocations.DefaultMapping.Port = int(getInt(data, "allocations", "default", "port"))
 
 	// Unmarshal the environment variables from the request into the server struct.
 	if b, _, _, err := jsonparser.Get(data, "environment"); err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.WithStack(err)
+		return nil, errors.WithStackIf(err)
 	} else {
-		s.EnvVars = make(map[string]string)
-		if err := json.Unmarshal(b, &s.EnvVars); err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.WithStack(err)
+		cfg.EnvVars = make(environment.Variables)
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(b, &cfg.EnvVars); err != nil {
+			return nil, errors.WrapIf(err, "installer: could not unmarshal environment variables for server")
 		}
 	}
 
 	// Unmarshal the allocation mappings from the request into the server struct.
 	if b, _, _, err := jsonparser.Get(data, "allocations", "mappings"); err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.WithStack(err)
+		return nil, errors.WithStackIf(err)
 	} else {
-		s.Allocations.Mappings = make(map[string][]int)
-		if err := json.Unmarshal(b, &s.Allocations.Mappings); err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.WithStack(err)
+		cfg.Allocations.Mappings = make(map[string][]int)
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(b, &cfg.Allocations.Mappings); err != nil {
+			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "installer: could not unmarshal allocation mappings")
 		}
 	}
 
-	s.Container.Image = getString(data, "container", "image")
+	cfg.Container.Image = getString(data, "container", "image")
 
-	c, rerr, err := api.NewRequester().GetServerConfiguration(s.Uuid)
-	if err != nil || rerr != nil {
+	c, err := manager.Client().GetServerConfiguration(ctx, cfg.Uuid)
 	if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.WithStack(err)
+		if !remote.IsRequestError(err) {
+			return nil, errors.WithStackIf(err)
 		}
-
-		return nil, errors.New(rerr.String())
+		return nil, errors.WrapIf(err, "installer: could not get server configuration from remote API")
 	}
 
-	// Destroy the temporary server instance.
-	s = nil
-
 	// Create a new server instance using the configuration we wrote to the disk
 	// so that everything gets instantiated correctly on the struct.
-	s2, err := server.FromConfiguration(c)
-
-	return &Installer{
-		server: s2,
-	}, err
+	s, err := manager.InitServer(c)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.WrapIf(err, "installer: could not init server instance")
+	}
+	return &Installer{server: s}, nil
 }
 
-// Returns the UUID associated with this installer instance.
+// Uuid returns the UUID associated with this installer instance.
 func (i *Installer) Uuid() string {
-	return i.server.Uuid
+	return i.server.Id()
 }
 
-// Return the server instance.
+// Server returns the server instance.
 func (i *Installer) Server() *server.Server {
 	return i.server
 }
 
-// Executes the installer process, creating the server and running through the
-// associated installation process based on the parameters passed through for
-// the server instance.
-func (i *Installer) Execute() {
-	p := path.Join(config.Get().System.Data, i.Uuid())
-	l := log.WithFields(log.Fields{"server": i.Uuid(), "process": "installer"})
-
-	l.WithField("path", p).Debug("creating required server data directory")
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(p, 0755); err != nil {
-		l.WithFields(log.Fields{"path": p, "error": errors.WithStack(err)}).Error("failed to create server data directory")
-		return
-	}
-
-	if err := os.Chown(p, config.Get().System.User.Uid, config.Get().System.User.Gid); err != nil {
-		l.WithField("error", errors.WithStack(err)).Error("failed to chown server data directory")
-		return
-	}
-
-	l.Debug("creating required environment for server instance")
-	if err := i.server.Environment.Create(); err != nil {
-		l.WithField("error", err).Error("failed to create environment for server")
-		return
-	}
-
-	l.Info("successfully created environment for server during install process")
-}
-
 // Returns a string value from the JSON data provided.
 func getString(data []byte, key ...string) string {
 	value, _ := jsonparser.GetString(data, key...)
@@ -144,3 +105,9 @@ func getInt(data []byte, key ...string) int64 {
 
 	return value
 }
+
+func getBoolean(data []byte, key ...string) bool {
+	value, _ := jsonparser.GetBoolean(data, key...)
+
+	return value
+}

loggers/cli/cli.go

@@ -1,21 +1,22 @@
 package cli
 
 import (
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"github.com/apex/log"
 	"github.com/apex/log/handlers/cli"
 	color2 "github.com/fatih/color"
 	"github.com/mattn/go-colorable"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"io"
 	"os"
+	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 )
 
-var Default = New(os.Stderr)
-
+var Default = New(os.Stderr, true)
 var bold = color2.New(color2.Bold)
+var boldred = color2.New(color2.Bold, color2.FgRed)
 
 var Strings = [...]string{
 	log.DebugLevel: "DEBUG",
@@ -31,16 +32,14 @@ type Handler struct {
 	Padding int
 }
 
-func New(w io.Writer) *Handler {
+func New(w io.Writer, useColors bool) *Handler {
 	if f, ok := w.(*os.File); ok {
+		if useColors {
 			return &Handler{Writer: colorable.NewColorable(f), Padding: 2}
 		}
-
-	return &Handler{Writer: w, Padding: 2}
 	}
 
-type tracer interface {
-	StackTrace() errors.StackTrace
+	return &Handler{Writer: colorable.NewNonColorable(w), Padding: 2}
 }
 
 // HandleLog implements log.Handler.
@@ -58,7 +57,6 @@ func (h *Handler) HandleLog(e *log.Entry) error {
 		if name == "source" {
 			continue
 		}
-
 		fmt.Fprintf(h.Writer, " %s=%v", color.Sprint(name), e.Fields.Get(name))
 	}
 
@@ -70,23 +68,61 @@ func (h *Handler) HandleLog(e *log.Entry) error {
 		}
 
 		if err, ok := e.Fields.Get("error").(error); ok {
-			var br = color2.New(color2.Bold, color2.FgRed)
+			// Attach the stacktrace if it is missing at this point, but don't point
+			// it specifically to this line since that is irrelevant.
+			err = errors.WithStackDepthIf(err, 4)
+			formatted := fmt.Sprintf("\n%s\n%+v\n\n", boldred.Sprintf("Stacktrace:"), err)
 
-			if e, ok := errors.Cause(err).(tracer); ok {
-				st := e.StackTrace()
-
-				l := len(st)
-				if l > 5 {
-					l = 5
+			if !strings.Contains(formatted, "runtime.goexit") {
+				_, _ = fmt.Fprint(h.Writer, formatted)
+				break
 			}
 
-				fmt.Fprintf(h.Writer, "\n%s%+v\n\n", br.Sprintf("Stacktrace:"), st[0:l])
-			} else {
-				fmt.Fprintf(h.Writer, "\n%s\n%+v\n\n", br.Sprintf("Stacktrace:"), err)
+			// Inserts a new-line between sections of a stack.
+			// When wrapping errors, you get multiple separate stacks that start with their message,
+			// this allows us to separate them with a new-line and view them more easily.
+			//
+			// For example:
+			//
+			// Stacktrace:
+			// readlink test: no such file or directory
+			// failed to read symlink target for 'test'
+			// github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server/filesystem.(*Archive).addToArchive
+			//         github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server/filesystem/archive.go:166
+			// ... (Truncated the stack for easier reading)
+			// runtime.goexit
+			//         runtime/asm_amd64.s:1374
+			// **NEW LINE INSERTED HERE**
+			// backup: error while generating server backup
+			// github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server.(*Server).Backup
+			//         github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server/backup.go:84
+			// ... (Truncated the stack for easier reading)
+			// runtime.goexit
+			//         runtime/asm_amd64.s:1374
+			//
+			var b strings.Builder
+			var endOfStack bool
+			for _, s := range strings.Split(formatted, "\n") {
+				b.WriteString(s + "\n")
+
+				if s == "runtime.goexit" {
+					endOfStack = true
+					continue
 				}
-		} else {
-			fmt.Printf("\n\nINVALID ERROR\n\n")
+
+				if !endOfStack {
+					continue
 				}
+
+				b.WriteString("\n")
+				endOfStack = false
+			}
+
+			_, _ = fmt.Fprint(h.Writer, b.String())
+		}
+
+		// Only one key with the name "error" can be in the map.
+		break
 	}
 
 	return nil

metrics/metrics.go

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+package metrics
+
+import (
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
+	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/promauto"
+	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/promhttp"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+	"net/http"
+	"time"
+)
+
+type Metrics struct {
+	handler http.Handler
+}
+
+const (
+	namespace = "pterodactyl"
+	subsystem = "wings"
+)
+
+var (
+	bootTimeSeconds = promauto.NewGauge(prometheus.GaugeOpts{
+		Namespace: namespace,
+		Subsystem: subsystem,
+		Name:      "boot_time_seconds",
+		Help:      "Boot time of this instance since epoch (1970)",
+	})
+	timeSeconds = promauto.NewGauge(prometheus.GaugeOpts{
+		Namespace: namespace,
+		Subsystem: subsystem,
+		Name:      "time_seconds",
+		Help:      "System time in seconds since epoch (1970)",
+	})
+
+	ServerStatus = promauto.NewGaugeVec(prometheus.GaugeOpts{
+		Namespace: namespace,
+		Subsystem: subsystem,
+		Name:      "server_status",
+	}, []string{"server_id"})
+	ServerCPU = promauto.NewGaugeVec(prometheus.GaugeOpts{
+		Namespace: namespace,
+		Subsystem: subsystem,
+		Name:      "server_cpu",
+	}, []string{"server_id"})
+	ServerMemory = promauto.NewGaugeVec(prometheus.GaugeOpts{
+		Namespace: namespace,
+		Subsystem: subsystem,
+		Name:      "server_memory",
+	}, []string{"server_id"})
+	ServerNetworkRx = promauto.NewGaugeVec(prometheus.GaugeOpts{
+		Namespace: namespace,
+		Subsystem: subsystem,
+		Name:      "server_network_rx",
+	}, []string{"server_id"})
+	ServerNetworkTx = promauto.NewGaugeVec(prometheus.GaugeOpts{
+		Namespace: namespace,
+		Subsystem: subsystem,
+		Name:      "server_network_tx",
+	}, []string{"server_id"})
+
+	HTTPRequestsTotal = promauto.NewCounterVec(prometheus.CounterOpts{
+		Namespace: namespace,
+		Subsystem: subsystem,
+		Name:      "http_requests_total",
+	}, []string{"method", "route_path", "raw_path", "raw_query", "code"})
+)
+
+func Initialize(done chan bool) {
+	bootTimeSeconds.Set(float64(time.Now().UnixNano()) / 1e9)
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(time.Second)
+	go func() {
+		defer ticker.Stop()
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-done:
+				// Received a "signal" on the done channel.
+				log.Debug("metrics: done")
+				return
+			case t := <-ticker.C:
+				// Update the current time.
+				timeSeconds.Set(float64(t.UnixNano()) / 1e9)
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+	if err := http.ListenAndServe(config.Get().Metrics.Bind, promhttp.Handler()); err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
+		log.WithField("error", err).Error("failed to start metrics server")
+	}
+}
+
+// DeleteServer will remove any existing labels from being scraped by Prometheus.
+// Any previously scraped data will still be persisted by Prometheus.
+func DeleteServer(sID string) {
+	ServerStatus.DeleteLabelValues(sID)
+	ServerCPU.DeleteLabelValues(sID)
+	ServerMemory.DeleteLabelValues(sID)
+	ServerNetworkRx.DeleteLabelValues(sID)
+	ServerNetworkTx.DeleteLabelValues(sID)
+}
+
+// ResetServer will reset a server's metrics to their default values except the status.
+func ResetServer(sID string) {
+	ServerCPU.WithLabelValues(sID).Set(0)
+	ServerMemory.WithLabelValues(sID).Set(0)
+	ServerNetworkRx.WithLabelValues(sID).Set(0)
+	ServerNetworkTx.WithLabelValues(sID).Set(0)
+}

parser/helpers.go

@@ -2,16 +2,17 @@ package parser
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
-	"github.com/Jeffail/gabs/v2"
-	"github.com/apex/log"
-	"github.com/buger/jsonparser"
-	"github.com/iancoleman/strcase"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"regexp"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/Jeffail/gabs/v2"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/buger/jsonparser"
+	"github.com/iancoleman/strcase"
 )
 
 // Regex to match anything that has a value matching the format of {{ config.$1 }} which
@@ -97,12 +98,20 @@ func (f *ConfigurationFile) IterateOverJson(data []byte) (*gabs.Container, error
 			// time this code is being written.
 			for _, child := range parsed.Path(strings.Trim(parts[0], ".")).Children() {
 				if err := v.SetAtPathway(child, strings.Trim(parts[1], "."), []byte(value)); err != nil {
-					return nil, err
+					if errors.Is(err, gabs.ErrNotFound) {
+						continue
+					}
+
+					return nil, errors.WithMessage(err, "failed to set config value of array child")
 				}
 			}
 		} else {
 			if err = v.SetAtPathway(parsed, v.Match, []byte(value)); err != nil {
-				return nil, err
+				if errors.Is(err, gabs.ErrNotFound) {
+					continue
+				}
+
+				return nil, errors.WithMessage(err, "unable to set config value at pathway: "+v.Match)
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -110,13 +119,91 @@ func (f *ConfigurationFile) IterateOverJson(data []byte) (*gabs.Container, error
 	return parsed, nil
 }
 
+// Regex used to check if there is an array element present in the given pathway by looking for something
+// along the lines of "something[1]" or "something[1].nestedvalue" as the path.
+var checkForArrayElement = regexp.MustCompile(`^([^\[\]]+)\[([\d]+)](\..+)?$`)
+
+// Attempt to set the value of the path depending on if it is an array or not. Gabs cannot handle array
+// values as "something[1]" but can parse them just fine. This is basically just overly complex code
+// to handle that edge case and ensure the value gets set correctly.
+//
+// Bless thee who has to touch these most unholy waters.
+func setValueAtPath(c *gabs.Container, path string, value interface{}) error {
+	var err error
+
+	matches := checkForArrayElement.FindStringSubmatch(path)
+	if len(matches) < 3 {
+		// Only update the value if the pathway actually exists in the configuration, otherwise
+		// do nothing.
+		if c.ExistsP(path) {
+			_, err = c.SetP(value, path)
+		}
+
+		return err
+	}
+
+	i, _ := strconv.Atoi(matches[2])
+	// Find the array element "i" or try to create it if "i" is equal to 0 and is not found
+	// at the given path.
+	ct, err := c.ArrayElementP(i, matches[1])
+	if err != nil {
+		if i != 0 || (!errors.Is(err, gabs.ErrNotArray) && !errors.Is(err, gabs.ErrNotFound)) {
+			return errors.WithMessage(err, "error while parsing array element at path")
+		}
+
+		t := make([]interface{}, 1)
+		// If the length of matches is 4 it means we're trying to access an object down in this array
+		// key, so make sure we generate the array as an array of objects, and not just a generic nil
+		// array.
+		if len(matches) == 4 {
+			t = []interface{}{map[string]interface{}{}}
+		}
+
+		// If the error is because this isn't an array or isn't found go ahead and create the array with
+		// an empty object if we have additional things to set on the array, or just an empty array type
+		// if there is not an object structure detected (no matches[3] available).
+		if _, err = c.SetP(t, matches[1]); err != nil {
+			return errors.WithMessage(err, "failed to create empty array for missing element")
+		}
+
+		// Set our cursor to be the array element we expect, which in this case is just the first element
+		// since we won't run this code unless the array element is 0. There is too much complexity in trying
+		// to match additional elements. In those cases the server will just have to be rebooted or something.
+		ct, err = c.ArrayElementP(0, matches[1])
+		if err != nil {
+			return errors.WithMessage(err, "failed to find array element at path")
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Try to set the value. If the path does not exist an error will be raised to the caller which will
+	// then check if the error is because the path is missing. In those cases we just ignore the error since
+	// we don't want to do anything specifically when that happens.
+	//
+	// If there are four matches in the regex it means that we managed to also match a trailing pathway
+	// for the key, which should be found in the given array key item and modified further.
+	if len(matches) == 4 {
+		_, err = ct.SetP(value, strings.TrimPrefix(matches[3], "."))
+	} else {
+		_, err = ct.Set(value)
+	}
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.WithMessage(err, "failed to set value at config path: "+path)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 // Sets the value at a specific pathway, but checks if we were looking for a specific
 // value or not before doing it.
 func (cfr *ConfigurationFileReplacement) SetAtPathway(c *gabs.Container, path string, value []byte) error {
-	if cfr.IfValue != "" {
+	if cfr.IfValue == "" {
+		return setValueAtPath(c, path, cfr.getKeyValue(value))
+	}
+
 	// If this is a regex based matching, we need to get a little more creative since
 	// we're only going to replacing part of the string, and not the whole thing.
-		if c.Exists(path) && strings.HasPrefix(cfr.IfValue, "regex:") {
+	if c.ExistsP(path) && strings.HasPrefix(cfr.IfValue, "regex:") {
 		// We're doing some regex here.
 		r, err := regexp.Compile(strings.TrimPrefix(cfr.IfValue, "regex:"))
 		if err != nil {
@@ -130,22 +217,15 @@ func (cfr *ConfigurationFileReplacement) SetAtPathway(c *gabs.Container, path st
 		// using the value we got from the key. This will only replace the one match.
 		v := strings.Trim(string(c.Path(path).Bytes()), "\"")
 		if r.Match([]byte(v)) {
-				_, err := c.SetP(r.ReplaceAllString(v, string(value)), path)
-
-				return err
+			return setValueAtPath(c, path, r.ReplaceAllString(v, string(value)))
 		}
 
 		return nil
-		} else {
-			if !c.Exists(path) || (c.Exists(path) && !bytes.Equal(c.Bytes(), []byte(cfr.IfValue))) {
+	} else if !c.ExistsP(path) || (c.ExistsP(path) && !bytes.Equal(c.Bytes(), []byte(cfr.IfValue))) {
 		return nil
 	}
-		}
-	}
 
-	_, err := c.SetP(cfr.getKeyValue(value), path)
-
-	return err
+	return setValueAtPath(c, path, cfr.getKeyValue(value))
 }
 
 // Looks up a configuration value on the Daemon given a dot-notated syntax.
@@ -174,7 +254,7 @@ func (f *ConfigurationFile) LookupConfigurationValue(cfr ConfigurationFileReplac
 	match, _, _, err := jsonparser.Get(f.configuration, path...)
 	if err != nil {
 		if err != jsonparser.KeyPathNotFoundError {
-			return string(match), errors.WithStack(err)
+			return string(match), err
 		}
 
 		log.WithFields(log.Fields{"path": path, "filename": f.FileName}).Debug("attempted to load a configuration value that does not exist")

parser/parser.go

@@ -3,19 +3,21 @@ package parser
 import (
 	"bufio"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"github.com/apex/log"
 	"github.com/beevik/etree"
 	"github.com/buger/jsonparser"
 	"github.com/icza/dyno"
 	"github.com/magiconair/properties"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
 	"gopkg.in/ini.v1"
 	"gopkg.in/yaml.v2"
-	"io/ioutil"
-	"os"
-	"regexp"
-	"strings"
 )
 
 // The file parsing options that are available for a server configuration file.
@@ -28,6 +30,45 @@ const (
 	Xml        = "xml"
 )
 
+type ReplaceValue struct {
+	value     []byte
+	valueType jsonparser.ValueType
+}
+
+// Value returns the underlying value of the replacement. Be aware that this
+// can include escaped UTF-8 sequences that will need to be handled by the caller
+// in order to avoid accidentally injecting invalid sequences into the running
+// process.
+//
+// For example the expected value may be "§Foo" but you'll be working directly
+// with "\u00a7FOo" for this value. This will cause user pain if not solved since
+// that is clearly not the value they were expecting to be using.
+func (cv *ReplaceValue) Value() []byte {
+	return cv.value
+}
+
+// Type returns the underlying data type for the Value field.
+func (cv *ReplaceValue) Type() jsonparser.ValueType {
+	return cv.valueType
+}
+
+// String returns the value as a string representation. This will automatically
+// handle casting the UTF-8 sequence into the expected value, switching something
+// like "\u00a7Foo" into "§Foo".
+func (cv *ReplaceValue) String() string {
+	if cv.Type() != jsonparser.String {
+		if cv.Type() == jsonparser.Null {
+			return "<nil>"
+		}
+		return "<invalid>"
+	}
+	str, err := jsonparser.ParseString(cv.value)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(errors.Wrap(err, "parser: could not parse value"))
+	}
+	return str
+}
+
 type ConfigurationParser string
 
 func (cp ConfigurationParser) String() string {
@@ -75,28 +116,23 @@ func (f *ConfigurationFile) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// Regex to match paths such as foo[1].bar[2] and convert them into a format that
-// gabs can work with, such as foo.1.bar.2 in this case. This is applied when creating
-// the struct for the configuration file replacements.
-var cfrMatchReplacement = regexp.MustCompile(`\[(\d+)]`)
-
-// Defines a single find/replace instance for a given server configuration file.
+// ConfigurationFileReplacement defines a single find/replace instance for a
+// given server configuration file.
 type ConfigurationFileReplacement struct {
 	Match       string       `json:"match"`
 	IfValue     string       `json:"if_value"`
 	ReplaceWith ReplaceValue `json:"replace_with"`
 }
 
-// Handles unmarshaling the JSON representation into a struct that provides more useful
-// data to this functionality.
+// UnmarshalJSON handles unmarshaling the JSON representation into a struct that
+// provides more useful data to this functionality.
 func (cfr *ConfigurationFileReplacement) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
 	m, err := jsonparser.GetString(data, "match")
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	// See comment on the replacement regex to understand what exactly this is doing.
-	cfr.Match = cfrMatchReplacement.ReplaceAllString(m, ".$1")
+	cfr.Match = m
 
 	iv, err := jsonparser.GetString(data, "if_value")
 	// We only check keypath here since match & replace_with should be present on all of
@@ -162,21 +198,26 @@ func (f *ConfigurationFile) Parse(path string, internal bool) error {
 		break
 	}
 
-	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+	if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
 		// File doesn't exist, we tried creating it, and same error is returned? Pretty
 		// sure this pathway is impossible, but if not, abort here.
 		if internal {
 			return nil
 		}
 
+		b := strings.TrimSuffix(path, filepath.Base(path))
+		if err := os.MkdirAll(b, 0755); err != nil {
+			return errors.WithMessage(err, "failed to create base directory for missing configuration file")
+		} else {
 			if _, err := os.Create(path); err != nil {
-			return errors.WithStack(err)
+				return errors.WithMessage(err, "failed to create missing configuration file")
+			}
 		}
 
 		return f.Parse(path, true)
 	}
 
-	return errors.WithStack(err)
+	return err
 }
 
 // Parses an xml file.
@@ -219,7 +260,7 @@ func (f *ConfigurationFile) parseXmlFile(path string) error {
 			parts := strings.Split(replacement.Match, ".")
 
 			// Set the initial element to be the root element, and then work from there.
-			var element = doc.Root()
+			element := doc.Root()
 
 			// Iterate over the path to create the required structure for the given element's path.
 			// This does not set a value, only ensures that the base structure exists. We start at index
@@ -358,7 +399,7 @@ func (f *ConfigurationFile) parseYamlFile(path string) error {
 
 	// Unmarshal the yaml data into a JSON interface such that we can work with
 	// any arbitrary data structure. If we don't do this, I can't use gabs which
-	// makes working with unknown JSON signficiantly easier.
+	// makes working with unknown JSON significantly easier.
 	jsonBytes, err := json.Marshal(dyno.ConvertMapI2MapS(i))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -384,56 +425,91 @@ func (f *ConfigurationFile) parseYamlFile(path string) error {
 // scanning a file and performing a replacement. You should attempt to use anything other
 // than this function where possible.
 func (f *ConfigurationFile) parseTextFile(path string) error {
-	file, err := os.OpenFile(path, os.O_CREATE|os.O_RDWR, 0644)
+	input, err := ioutil.ReadFile(path)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	defer file.Close()
 
-	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(file)
-	for scanner.Scan() {
-		hasReplaced := false
-		t := scanner.Text()
-
-		// Iterate over the potential replacements for the line and check if there are
-		// any matches.
+	lines := strings.Split(string(input), "\n")
+	for i, line := range lines {
 		for _, replace := range f.Replace {
-			if !strings.HasPrefix(t, replace.Match) {
+			// If this line doesn't match what we expect for the replacement, move on to the next
+			// line. Otherwise, update the line to have the replacement value.
+			if !strings.HasPrefix(line, replace.Match) {
 				continue
 			}
 
-			hasReplaced = true
-			t = strings.Replace(t, replace.Match, replace.ReplaceWith.String(), 1)
-		}
-
-		// If there was a replacement that occurred on this specific line, do a write to the file
-		// immediately to write that modified content to the disk.
-		if hasReplaced {
-			if _, err := file.WriteAt([]byte(t), int64(len(scanner.Bytes()))); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
+			lines[i] = replace.ReplaceWith.String()
 		}
 	}
 
-	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
+	if err := ioutil.WriteFile(path, []byte(strings.Join(lines, "\n")), 0644); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-// Parses a properties file and updates the values within it to match those that
-// are passed. Writes the file once completed.
+// parsePropertiesFile parses a properties file and updates the values within it
+// to match those that are passed. Once completed the new file is written to the
+// disk. This will cause comments not present at the head of the file to be
+// removed unfortunately.
+//
+// Any UTF-8 value will be written back to the disk as their escaped value rather
+// than the raw value There is no winning with this logic. This fixes a bug where
+// users with hand rolled UTF-8 escape sequences would have all sorts of pain in
+// their configurations because we were writing the UTF-8 literal characters which
+// their games could not actually handle.
+//
+// However, by adding this fix to only store the escaped UTF-8 sequence we
+// unwittingly introduced a "regression" that causes _other_ games to have issues
+// because they can only handle the unescaped representations. I cannot think of
+// a simple approach to this problem that doesn't just lead to more complicated
+// cases and problems.
+//
+// So, if your game cannot handle parsing UTF-8 sequences that are escaped into
+// the string, well, sucks. There are fewer of those games than there are games
+// that have issues parsing the raw UTF-8 sequence into a string? Also how does
+// one really know what the user intended at this point? We'd need to know if
+// the value was escaped or not to begin with before setting it, which I suppose
+// can work but jesus that is going to be some annoyingly complicated logic?
+//
+// @see https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/issues/2308 (original)
+// @see https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/issues/3009 ("bug" introduced as result)
 func (f *ConfigurationFile) parsePropertiesFile(path string) error {
-	p, err := properties.LoadFile(path, properties.UTF8)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
+	var s strings.Builder
+	// Open the file and attempt to load any comments that currenty exist at the start
+	// of the file. This is kind of a hack, but should work for a majority of users for
+	// the time being.
+	if fd, err := os.Open(path); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "parser: could not open file for reading")
+	} else {
+		scanner := bufio.NewScanner(fd)
+		// Scan until we hit a line that is not a comment that actually has content
+		// on it. Keep appending the comments until that time.
+		for scanner.Scan() {
+			text := scanner.Text()
+			if len(text) > 0 && text[0] != '#' {
+				break
+			}
+			s.WriteString(text + "\n")
+		}
+		_ = fd.Close()
+		if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
+			return errors.WithStackIf(err)
+		}
 	}
 
+	p, err := properties.LoadFile(path, properties.UTF8)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "parser: could not load properties file for configuration update")
+	}
+
+	// Replace any values that need to be replaced.
 	for _, replace := range f.Replace {
 		data, err := f.LookupConfigurationValue(replace)
 		if err != nil {
-			return err
+			return errors.Wrap(err, "parser: failed to lookup configuration value")
 		}
 
 		v, ok := p.Get(replace.Match)
@@ -445,16 +521,34 @@ func (f *ConfigurationFile) parsePropertiesFile(path string) error {
 		}
 
 		if _, _, err := p.Set(replace.Match, data); err != nil {
-			return err
+			return errors.Wrap(err, "parser: failed to set replacement value")
 		}
 	}
 
+	// Add the new file content to the string builder.
+	for _, key := range p.Keys() {
+		value, ok := p.Get(key)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		// This escape is intentional!
+		//
+		// See the docblock for this function for more details, do not change this
+		// or you'll cause a flood of new issue reports no one wants to deal with.
+		s.WriteString(key + "=" + strings.Trim(strconv.QuoteToASCII(value), "\"") + "\n")
+	}
+
+	// Open the file for writing.
 	w, err := os.OpenFile(path, os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY|os.O_TRUNC, 0644)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	defer w.Close()
 
-	_, err = p.Write(w, properties.UTF8)
-
-	return err
+	// Write the data to the file.
+	if _, err := w.Write([]byte(s.String())); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "parser: failed to write properties file to disk")
+	}
+
+	return nil
 }

parser/value.go

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-package parser
-
-import (
-	"github.com/buger/jsonparser"
-)
-
-type ReplaceValue struct {
-	value     []byte
-	valueType jsonparser.ValueType `json:"-"`
-}
-
-func (cv *ReplaceValue) Value() []byte {
-	return cv.value
-}
-
-func (cv *ReplaceValue) String() string {
-	str, _ := jsonparser.ParseString(cv.value)
-
-	return str
-}
-
-func (cv *ReplaceValue) Type() jsonparser.ValueType {
-	return cv.valueType
-}

remote/errors.go

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+package remote
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+)
+
+type RequestErrors struct {
+	Errors []RequestError `json:"errors"`
+}
+
+type RequestError struct {
+	response *http.Response
+	Code     string `json:"code"`
+	Status   string `json:"status"`
+	Detail   string `json:"detail"`
+}
+
+// IsRequestError checks if the given error is of the RequestError type.
+func IsRequestError(err error) bool {
+	var rerr *RequestError
+	if err == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return errors.As(err, &rerr)
+}
+
+// AsRequestError transforms the error into a RequestError if it is currently
+// one, checking the wrap status from the other error handlers. If the error
+// is not a RequestError nil is returned.
+func AsRequestError(err error) *RequestError {
+	if err == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	var rerr *RequestError
+	if errors.As(err, &rerr) {
+		return rerr
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Error returns the error response in a string form that can be more easily
+// consumed.
+func (re *RequestError) Error() string {
+	c := 0
+	if re.response != nil {
+		c = re.response.StatusCode
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Sprintf("Error response from Panel: %s: %s (HTTP/%d)", re.Code, re.Detail, c)
+}
+
+// StatusCode returns the status code of the response.
+func (re *RequestError) StatusCode() int {
+	return re.response.StatusCode
+}
+
+type SftpInvalidCredentialsError struct {
+}
+
+func (ice SftpInvalidCredentialsError) Error() string {
+	return "the credentials provided were invalid"
+}

remote/http.go

@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+package remote
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"net/http"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
+)
+
+type Client interface {
+	GetBackupRemoteUploadURLs(ctx context.Context, backup string, size int64) (BackupRemoteUploadResponse, error)
+	GetInstallationScript(ctx context.Context, uuid string) (InstallationScript, error)
+	GetServerConfiguration(ctx context.Context, uuid string) (ServerConfigurationResponse, error)
+	GetServers(context context.Context, perPage int) ([]RawServerData, error)
+	ResetServersState(ctx context.Context) error
+	SetArchiveStatus(ctx context.Context, uuid string, successful bool) error
+	SetBackupStatus(ctx context.Context, backup string, data BackupRequest) error
+	SendRestorationStatus(ctx context.Context, backup string, successful bool) error
+	SetInstallationStatus(ctx context.Context, uuid string, successful bool) error
+	SetTransferStatus(ctx context.Context, uuid string, successful bool) error
+	ValidateSftpCredentials(ctx context.Context, request SftpAuthRequest) (SftpAuthResponse, error)
+}
+
+type client struct {
+	httpClient  *http.Client
+	baseUrl     string
+	tokenId     string
+	token       string
+	maxAttempts int
+}
+
+// New returns a new HTTP request client that is used for making authenticated
+// requests to the Panel that this instance is running under.
+func New(base string, opts ...ClientOption) Client {
+	c := client{
+		baseUrl: strings.TrimSuffix(base, "/") + "/api/remote",
+		httpClient: &http.Client{
+			Timeout: time.Second * 15,
+		},
+		maxAttempts: 0,
+	}
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		opt(&c)
+	}
+	return &c
+}
+
+// WithCredentials sets the credentials to use when making request to the remote
+// API endpoint.
+func WithCredentials(id, token string) ClientOption {
+	return func(c *client) {
+		c.tokenId = id
+		c.token = token
+	}
+}
+
+// WithHttpClient sets the underlying HTTP client instance to use when making
+// requests to the Panel API.
+func WithHttpClient(httpClient *http.Client) ClientOption {
+	return func(c *client) {
+		c.httpClient = httpClient
+	}
+}
+
+// Get executes a HTTP GET request.
+func (c *client) Get(ctx context.Context, path string, query q) (*Response, error) {
+	return c.request(ctx, http.MethodGet, path, nil, func(r *http.Request) {
+		q := r.URL.Query()
+		for k, v := range query {
+			q.Set(k, v)
+		}
+		r.URL.RawQuery = q.Encode()
+	})
+}
+
+// Post executes a HTTP POST request.
+func (c *client) Post(ctx context.Context, path string, data interface{}) (*Response, error) {
+	b, err := json.Marshal(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return c.request(ctx, http.MethodPost, path, bytes.NewBuffer(b))
+}
+
+// requestOnce creates a http request and executes it once. Prefer request()
+// over this method when possible. It appends the path to the endpoint of the
+// client and adds the authentication token to the request.
+func (c *client) requestOnce(ctx context.Context, method, path string, body io.Reader, opts ...func(r *http.Request)) (*Response, error) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, method, c.baseUrl+path, body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	req.Header.Set("User-Agent", fmt.Sprintf("Pterodactyl Wings/v%s (id:%s)", system.Version, c.tokenId))
+	req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/vnd.pterodactyl.v1+json")
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	req.Header.Set("Authorization", fmt.Sprintf("Bearer %s.%s", c.tokenId, c.token))
+
+	// Call all opts functions to allow modifying the request
+	for _, o := range opts {
+		o(req)
+	}
+
+	debugLogRequest(req)
+
+	res, err := c.httpClient.Do(req)
+	return &Response{res}, err
+}
+
+// request executes a HTTP request against the Panel API. If there is an error
+// encountered with the request it will be retried using an exponential backoff.
+// If the error returned from the Panel is due to API throttling or because there
+// are invalid authentication credentials provided the request will _not_ be
+// retried by the backoff.
+//
+// This function automatically appends the path to the current client endpoint
+// and adds the required authentication headers to the request that is being
+// created. Errors returned will be of the RequestError type if there was some
+// type of response from the API that can be parsed.
+func (c *client) request(ctx context.Context, method, path string, body io.Reader, opts ...func(r *http.Request)) (*Response, error) {
+	var res *Response
+	err := backoff.Retry(func() error {
+		r, err := c.requestOnce(ctx, method, path, body, opts...)
+		if err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) || errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+				return backoff.Permanent(err)
+			}
+			return errors.WrapIf(err, "http: request creation failed")
+		}
+		res = r
+		if r.HasError() {
+			// Close the request body after returning the error to free up resources.
+			defer r.Body.Close()
+			// Don't keep spamming the endpoint if we've already made too many requests or
+			// if we're not even authenticated correctly. Retrying generally won't fix either
+			// of these issues.
+			if r.StatusCode == http.StatusForbidden ||
+				r.StatusCode == http.StatusTooManyRequests ||
+				r.StatusCode == http.StatusUnauthorized {
+				return backoff.Permanent(r.Error())
+			}
+			return r.Error()
+		}
+		return nil
+	}, c.backoff(ctx))
+	if err != nil {
+		if v, ok := err.(*backoff.PermanentError); ok {
+			return nil, v.Unwrap()
+		}
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return res, nil
+}
+
+// backoff returns an exponential backoff function for use with remote API
+// requests. This will allow an API call to be executed approximately 10 times
+// before it is finally reported back as an error.
+//
+// This allows for issues with DNS resolution, or rare race conditions due to
+// slower SQL queries on the Panel to potentially self-resolve without just
+// immediately failing the first request. The example below shows the amount of
+// time that has ellapsed between each call to the handler when an error is
+// returned. You can tweak these values as needed to get the effect you desire.
+//
+// If maxAttempts is a value greater than 0 the backoff will be capped at a total
+// number of executions, or the MaxElapsedTime, whichever comes first.
+//
+// call(): 0s
+// call(): 552.330144ms
+// call(): 1.63271196s
+// call(): 2.94284202s
+// call(): 4.525234711s
+// call(): 6.865723375s
+// call(): 11.37194223s
+// call(): 14.593421816s
+// call(): 20.202045293s
+// call(): 27.36567952s <-- Stops here as MaxElapsedTime is 30 seconds
+func (c *client) backoff(ctx context.Context) backoff.BackOffContext {
+	b := backoff.NewExponentialBackOff()
+	b.MaxInterval = time.Second * 12
+	b.MaxElapsedTime = time.Second * 30
+	if c.maxAttempts > 0 {
+		return backoff.WithContext(backoff.WithMaxRetries(b, uint64(c.maxAttempts)), ctx)
+	}
+	return backoff.WithContext(b, ctx)
+}
+
+// Response is a custom response type that allows for commonly used error
+// handling and response parsing from the Panel API. This just embeds the normal
+// HTTP response from Go and we attach a few helper functions to it.
+type Response struct {
+	*http.Response
+}
+
+// HasError determines if the API call encountered an error. If no request has
+// been made the response will be false. This function will evaluate to true if
+// the response code is anything 300 or higher.
+func (r *Response) HasError() bool {
+	if r.Response == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	return r.StatusCode >= 300 || r.StatusCode < 200
+}
+
+// Reads the body from the response and returns it, then replaces it on the response
+// so that it can be read again later. This does not close the response body, so any
+// functions calling this should be sure to manually defer a Body.Close() call.
+func (r *Response) Read() ([]byte, error) {
+	var b []byte
+	if r.Response == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("remote: attempting to read missing response")
+	}
+	if r.Response.Body != nil {
+		b, _ = ioutil.ReadAll(r.Response.Body)
+	}
+	r.Response.Body = ioutil.NopCloser(bytes.NewBuffer(b))
+	return b, nil
+}
+
+// BindJSON binds a given interface with the data returned in the response. This
+// is a shortcut for calling Read and then manually calling json.Unmarshal on
+// the raw bytes.
+func (r *Response) BindJSON(v interface{}) error {
+	b, err := r.Read()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(b, &v); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "remote: could not unmarshal response")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Returns the first error message from the API call as a string. The error
+// message will be formatted similar to the below example. If there is no error
+// that can be parsed out of the API you'll still get a RequestError returned
+// but the RequestError.Code will be "_MissingResponseCode".
+//
+// HttpNotFoundException: The requested resource does not exist. (HTTP/404)
+func (r *Response) Error() error {
+	if !r.HasError() {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var errs RequestErrors
+	_ = r.BindJSON(&errs)
+
+	e := &RequestError{
+		Code:   "_MissingResponseCode",
+		Status: strconv.Itoa(r.StatusCode),
+		Detail: "No error response returned from API endpoint.",
+	}
+	if len(errs.Errors) > 0 {
+		e = &errs.Errors[0]
+	}
+
+	e.response = r.Response
+
+	return errors.WithStackDepth(e, 1)
+}
+
+// Logs the request into the debug log with all of the important request bits.
+// The authorization key will be cleaned up before being output.
+func debugLogRequest(req *http.Request) {
+	if l, ok := log.Log.(*log.Logger); ok && l.Level != log.DebugLevel {
+		return
+	}
+	headers := make(map[string][]string)
+	for k, v := range req.Header {
+		if k != "Authorization" || len(v) == 0 || len(v[0]) == 0 {
+			headers[k] = v
+			continue
+		}
+
+		headers[k] = []string{"(redacted)"}
+	}
+
+	log.WithFields(log.Fields{
+		"method":   req.Method,
+		"endpoint": req.URL.String(),
+		"headers":  headers,
+	}).Debug("making request to external HTTP endpoint")
+}

remote/http_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+package remote
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func createTestClient(h http.HandlerFunc) (*client, *httptest.Server) {
+	s := httptest.NewServer(h)
+	c := &client{
+		httpClient: s.Client(),
+		baseUrl:    s.URL,
+		maxAttempts: 1,
+		tokenId:  "testid",
+		token:    "testtoken",
+	}
+	return c, s
+}
+
+func TestRequest(t *testing.T) {
+	c, _ := createTestClient(func(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		assert.Equal(t, "application/vnd.pterodactyl.v1+json", r.Header.Get("Accept"))
+		assert.Equal(t, "application/json", r.Header.Get("Content-Type"))
+		assert.Equal(t, "Bearer testid.testtoken", r.Header.Get("Authorization"))
+		assert.Equal(t, "/test", r.URL.Path)
+
+		rw.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	})
+	r, err := c.requestOnce(context.Background(), "", "/test", nil)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotNil(t, r)
+}
+
+func TestRequestRetry(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test if the client attempts failed requests
+	i := 0
+	c, _ := createTestClient(func(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if i < 1 {
+			rw.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		} else {
+			rw.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		}
+		i++
+	})
+	c.maxAttempts = 2
+	r, err := c.request(context.Background(), "", "", nil)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotNil(t, r)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, r.StatusCode)
+	assert.Equal(t, 2, i)
+
+	// Test whether the client returns the last request after retry limit is reached
+	i = 0
+	c, _ = createTestClient(func(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		rw.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		i++
+	})
+	c.maxAttempts = 2
+	r, err = c.request(context.Background(), "get", "", nil)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, r)
+
+	v := AsRequestError(err)
+	assert.NotNil(t, v)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusInternalServerError, v.StatusCode())
+	assert.Equal(t, 3, i)
+}
+
+func TestGet(t *testing.T) {
+	c, _ := createTestClient(func(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		assert.Equal(t, http.MethodGet, r.Method)
+		assert.Len(t, r.URL.Query(), 1)
+		assert.Equal(t, "world", r.URL.Query().Get("hello"))
+	})
+	r, err := c.Get(context.Background(), "/test", q{"hello": "world"})
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotNil(t, r)
+}
+
+func TestPost(t *testing.T) {
+	test := map[string]string{
+		"hello": "world",
+	}
+	c, _ := createTestClient(func(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		assert.Equal(t, http.MethodPost, r.Method)
+
+	})
+	r, err := c.Post(context.Background(), "/test", test)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotNil(t, r)
+}

remote/servers.go

@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+package remote
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+	"sync"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
+)
+
+const (
+	ProcessStopCommand    = "command"
+	ProcessStopSignal     = "signal"
+	ProcessStopNativeStop = "stop"
+)
+
+// GetServers returns all of the servers that are present on the Panel making
+// parallel API calls to the endpoint if more than one page of servers is
+// returned.
+func (c *client) GetServers(ctx context.Context, limit int) ([]RawServerData, error) {
+	servers, meta, err := c.getServersPaged(ctx, 0, limit)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var mu sync.Mutex
+	if meta.LastPage > 1 {
+		g, ctx := errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
+		for page := meta.CurrentPage + 1; page <= meta.LastPage; page++ {
+			page := page
+			g.Go(func() error {
+				ps, _, err := c.getServersPaged(ctx, int(page), limit)
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				mu.Lock()
+				servers = append(servers, ps...)
+				mu.Unlock()
+				return nil
+			})
+		}
+		if err := g.Wait(); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return servers, nil
+}
+
+// ResetServersState updates the state of all servers on the node that are
+// currently marked as "installing" or "restoring from backup" to be marked as
+// a normal successful install state.
+//
+// This handles Wings exiting during either of these processes which will leave
+// things in a bad state within the Panel. This API call is executed once Wings
+// has fully booted all of the servers.
+func (c *client) ResetServersState(ctx context.Context) error {
+	res, err := c.Post(ctx, "/servers/reset", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.WrapIf(err, "remote: failed to reset server state on Panel")
+	}
+	_ = res.Body.Close()
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *client) GetServerConfiguration(ctx context.Context, uuid string) (ServerConfigurationResponse, error) {
+	var config ServerConfigurationResponse
+	res, err := c.Get(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("/servers/%s", uuid), nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return config, err
+	}
+	defer res.Body.Close()
+
+	err = res.BindJSON(&config)
+	return config, err
+}
+
+func (c *client) GetInstallationScript(ctx context.Context, uuid string) (InstallationScript, error) {
+	res, err := c.Get(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("/servers/%s/install", uuid), nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return InstallationScript{}, err
+	}
+	defer res.Body.Close()
+
+	var config InstallationScript
+	err = res.BindJSON(&config)
+	return config, err
+}
+
+func (c *client) SetInstallationStatus(ctx context.Context, uuid string, successful bool) error {
+	resp, err := c.Post(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("/servers/%s/install", uuid), d{"successful": successful})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	_ = resp.Body.Close()
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *client) SetArchiveStatus(ctx context.Context, uuid string, successful bool) error {
+	resp, err := c.Post(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("/servers/%s/archive", uuid), d{"successful": successful})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	_ = resp.Body.Close()
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *client) SetTransferStatus(ctx context.Context, uuid string, successful bool) error {
+	state := "failure"
+	if successful {
+		state = "success"
+	}
+	resp, err := c.Get(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("/servers/%s/transfer/%s", uuid, state), nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	_ = resp.Body.Close()
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ValidateSftpCredentials makes a request to determine if the username and
+// password combination provided is associated with a valid server on the instance
+// using the Panel's authentication control mechanisms. This will get itself
+// throttled if too many requests are made, allowing us to completely offload
+// all of the authorization security logic to the Panel.
+func (c *client) ValidateSftpCredentials(ctx context.Context, request SftpAuthRequest) (SftpAuthResponse, error) {
+	var auth SftpAuthResponse
+	res, err := c.Post(ctx, "/sftp/auth", request)
+	if err != nil {
+		if err := AsRequestError(err); err != nil && (err.StatusCode() >= 400 && err.StatusCode() < 500) {
+			log.WithFields(log.Fields{"subsystem": "sftp", "username": request.User, "ip": request.IP}).Warn(err.Error())
+			return auth, &SftpInvalidCredentialsError{}
+		}
+		return auth, err
+	}
+	defer res.Body.Close()
+
+	if err := res.BindJSON(&auth); err != nil {
+		return auth, err
+	}
+	return auth, nil
+}
+
+func (c *client) GetBackupRemoteUploadURLs(ctx context.Context, backup string, size int64) (BackupRemoteUploadResponse, error) {
+	var data BackupRemoteUploadResponse
+	res, err := c.Get(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("/backups/%s", backup), q{"size": strconv.FormatInt(size, 10)})
+	if err != nil {
+		return data, err
+	}
+	defer res.Body.Close()
+	if err := res.BindJSON(&data); err != nil {
+		return data, err
+	}
+	return data, nil
+}
+
+func (c *client) SetBackupStatus(ctx context.Context, backup string, data BackupRequest) error {
+	resp, err := c.Post(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("/backups/%s", backup), data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	_ = resp.Body.Close()
+	return nil
+}
+
+// SendRestorationStatus triggers a request to the Panel to notify it that a
+// restoration has been completed and the server should be marked as being
+// activated again.
+func (c *client) SendRestorationStatus(ctx context.Context, backup string, successful bool) error {
+	resp, err := c.Post(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("/backups/%s/restore", backup), d{"successful": successful})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	_ = resp.Body.Close()
+	return nil
+}
+
+// getServersPaged returns a subset of servers from the Panel API using the
+// pagination query parameters.
+func (c *client) getServersPaged(ctx context.Context, page, limit int) ([]RawServerData, Pagination, error) {
+	var r struct {
+		Data []RawServerData `json:"data"`
+		Meta Pagination      `json:"meta"`
+	}
+
+	res, err := c.Get(ctx, "/servers", q{
+		"page":     strconv.Itoa(page),
+		"per_page": strconv.Itoa(limit),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, r.Meta, err
+	}
+	defer res.Body.Close()
+	if err := res.BindJSON(&r); err != nil {
+		return nil, r.Meta, err
+	}
+	return r.Data, r.Meta, nil
+}

remote/types.go

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+package remote
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/parser"
+)
+
+// A generic type allowing for easy binding use when making requests to API
+// endpoints that only expect a singular argument or something that would not
+// benefit from being a typed struct.
+//
+// Inspired by gin.H, same concept.
+type d map[string]interface{}
+
+// Same concept as d, but a map of strings, used for querying GET requests.
+type q map[string]string
+
+type ClientOption func(c *client)
+
+type Pagination struct {
+	CurrentPage uint `json:"current_page"`
+	From        uint `json:"from"`
+	LastPage    uint `json:"last_page"`
+	PerPage     uint `json:"per_page"`
+	To          uint `json:"to"`
+	Total       uint `json:"total"`
+}
+
+// ServerConfigurationResponse holds the server configuration data returned from
+// the Panel. When a server process is started, Wings communicates with the
+// Panel to fetch the latest build information as well as get all of the details
+// needed to parse the given Egg.
+//
+// This means we do not need to hit Wings each time part of the server is
+// updated, and the Panel serves as the source of truth at all times. This also
+// means if a configuration is accidentally wiped on Wings we can self-recover
+// without too much hassle, so long as Wings is aware of what servers should
+// exist on it.
+type ServerConfigurationResponse struct {
+	Settings             json.RawMessage       `json:"settings"`
+	ProcessConfiguration *ProcessConfiguration `json:"process_configuration"`
+}
+
+// InstallationScript defines installation script information for a server
+// process. This is used when a server is installed for the first time, and when
+// a server is marked for re-installation.
+type InstallationScript struct {
+	ContainerImage string `json:"container_image"`
+	Entrypoint     string `json:"entrypoint"`
+	Script         string `json:"script"`
+}
+
+// RawServerData is a raw response from the API for a server.
+type RawServerData struct {
+	Uuid                 string          `json:"uuid"`
+	Settings             json.RawMessage `json:"settings"`
+	ProcessConfiguration json.RawMessage `json:"process_configuration"`
+}
+
+// SftpAuthRequest defines the request details that are passed along to the Panel
+// when determining if the credentials provided to Wings are valid.
+type SftpAuthRequest struct {
+	User          string `json:"username"`
+	Pass          string `json:"password"`
+	IP            string `json:"ip"`
+	SessionID     []byte `json:"session_id"`
+	ClientVersion []byte `json:"client_version"`
+}
+
+// SftpAuthResponse is returned by the Panel when a pair of SFTP credentials
+// is successfully validated. This will include the specific server that was
+// matched as well as the permissions that are assigned to the authenticated
+// user for the SFTP subsystem.
+type SftpAuthResponse struct {
+	Server      string   `json:"server"`
+	Token       string   `json:"token"`
+	Permissions []string `json:"permissions"`
+}
+
+type OutputLineMatcher struct {
+	// The raw string to match against. This may or may not be prefixed with
+	// regex: which indicates we want to match against the regex expression.
+	raw string
+	reg *regexp.Regexp
+}
+
+// Matches determines if a given string "s" matches the given line.
+func (olm *OutputLineMatcher) Matches(s string) bool {
+	if olm.reg == nil {
+		return strings.Contains(s, olm.raw)
+	}
+
+	return olm.reg.MatchString(s)
+}
+
+// String returns the matcher's raw comparison string.
+func (olm *OutputLineMatcher) String() string {
+	return olm.raw
+}
+
+// UnmarshalJSON unmarshals the startup lines into individual structs for easier
+// matching abilities.
+func (olm *OutputLineMatcher) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &olm.raw); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if strings.HasPrefix(olm.raw, "regex:") && len(olm.raw) > 6 {
+		r, err := regexp.Compile(strings.TrimPrefix(olm.raw, "regex:"))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.WithField("error", err).WithField("raw", olm.raw).Warn("failed to compile output line marked as being regex")
+		}
+
+		olm.reg = r
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ProcessStopConfiguration defines what is used when stopping an instance.
+type ProcessStopConfiguration struct {
+	Type  string `json:"type"`
+	Value string `json:"value"`
+}
+
+// ProcessConfiguration defines the process configuration for a given server
+// instance. This sets what Wings is looking for to mark a server as done starting
+// what to do when stopping, and what changes to make to the configuration file
+// for a server.
+type ProcessConfiguration struct {
+	Startup struct {
+		Done            []*OutputLineMatcher `json:"done"`
+		UserInteraction []string             `json:"user_interaction"`
+		StripAnsi       bool                 `json:"strip_ansi"`
+	} `json:"startup"`
+	Stop               ProcessStopConfiguration   `json:"stop"`
+	ConfigurationFiles []parser.ConfigurationFile `json:"configs"`
+}
+
+type BackupRemoteUploadResponse struct {
+	Parts    []string `json:"parts"`
+	PartSize int64    `json:"part_size"`
+}
+
+type BackupRequest struct {
+	Checksum     string `json:"checksum"`
+	ChecksumType string `json:"checksum_type"`
+	Size         int64  `json:"size"`
+	Successful   bool   `json:"successful"`
+}

router/downloader/downloader.go

@@ -0,0 +1,327 @@
+package downloader
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"regexp"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+)
+
+var client = &http.Client{
+	Timeout: time.Hour * 12,
+	// Disallow any redirect on a HTTP call. This is a security requirement: do not modify
+	// this logic without first ensuring that the new target location IS NOT within the current
+	// instance's local network.
+	//
+	// This specific error response just causes the client to not follow the redirect and
+	// returns the actual redirect response to the caller. Not perfect, but simple and most
+	// people won't be using URLs that redirect anyways hopefully?
+	//
+	// We'll re-evaluate this down the road if needed.
+	CheckRedirect: func(req *http.Request, via []*http.Request) error {
+		return http.ErrUseLastResponse
+	},
+}
+
+var instance = &Downloader{
+	// Tracks all of the active downloads.
+	downloadCache: make(map[string]*Download),
+	// Tracks all of the downloads active for a given server instance. This is
+	// primarily used to make things quicker and keep the code a little more
+	// legible throughout here.
+	serverCache: make(map[string][]string),
+}
+
+// Regex to match the end of an IPv4/IPv6 address. This allows the port to be removed
+// so that we are just working with the raw IP address in question.
+var ipMatchRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`(:\d+)$`)
+
+// Internal IP ranges that should be blocked if the resource requested resolves within.
+var internalRanges = []*net.IPNet{
+	mustParseCIDR("127.0.0.1/8"),
+	mustParseCIDR("10.0.0.0/8"),
+	mustParseCIDR("172.16.0.0/12"),
+	mustParseCIDR("192.168.0.0/16"),
+	mustParseCIDR("169.254.0.0/16"),
+	mustParseCIDR("::1/128"),
+	mustParseCIDR("fe80::/10"),
+	mustParseCIDR("fc00::/7"),
+}
+
+const ErrInternalResolution = errors.Sentinel("downloader: destination resolves to internal network location")
+const ErrInvalidIPAddress = errors.Sentinel("downloader: invalid IP address")
+const ErrDownloadFailed = errors.Sentinel("downloader: download request failed")
+
+type Counter struct {
+	total   int
+	onWrite func(total int)
+}
+
+func (c *Counter) Write(p []byte) (int, error) {
+	n := len(p)
+	c.total += n
+	c.onWrite(c.total)
+	return n, nil
+}
+
+type DownloadRequest struct {
+	URL       *url.URL
+	Directory string
+}
+
+type Download struct {
+	Identifier string
+	mu         sync.RWMutex
+	req        DownloadRequest
+	server     *server.Server
+	progress   float64
+	cancelFunc *context.CancelFunc
+}
+
+// Starts a new tracked download which allows for cancellation later on by calling
+// the Downloader.Cancel function.
+func New(s *server.Server, r DownloadRequest) *Download {
+	dl := Download{
+		Identifier: uuid.Must(uuid.NewRandom()).String(),
+		req:        r,
+		server:     s,
+	}
+	instance.track(&dl)
+	return &dl
+}
+
+// Returns all of the tracked downloads for a given server instance.
+func ByServer(sid string) []*Download {
+	instance.mu.Lock()
+	defer instance.mu.Unlock()
+	var downloads []*Download
+	if v, ok := instance.serverCache[sid]; ok {
+		for _, id := range v {
+			if dl, dlok := instance.downloadCache[id]; dlok {
+				downloads = append(downloads, dl)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return downloads
+}
+
+// Returns a single Download matching a given identifier. If no download is found
+// the second argument in the response will be false.
+func ByID(dlid string) *Download {
+	return instance.find(dlid)
+}
+
+//goland:noinspection GoVetCopyLock
+func (dl Download) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+	return json.Marshal(struct {
+		Identifier string
+		Progress   float64
+	}{
+		Identifier: dl.Identifier,
+		Progress:   dl.Progress(),
+	})
+}
+
+// Executes a given download for the server and begins writing the file to the disk. Once
+// completed the download will be removed from the cache.
+func (dl *Download) Execute() error {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Hour*12)
+	dl.cancelFunc = &cancel
+	defer dl.Cancel()
+
+	// Always ensure that we're checking the destination for the download to avoid a malicious
+	// user from accessing internal network resources.
+	if err := dl.isExternalNetwork(ctx); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// At this point we have verified the destination is not within the local network, so we can
+	// now make a request to that URL and pull down the file, saving it to the server's data
+	// directory.
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, dl.req.URL.String(), nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.WrapIf(err, "downloader: failed to create request")
+	}
+
+	req.Header.Set("User-Agent", "Pterodactyl Panel (https://pterodactyl.io)")
+	res, err := client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ErrDownloadFailed
+	}
+	defer res.Body.Close()
+	if res.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return errors.New("downloader: got bad response status from endpoint: " + res.Status)
+	}
+
+	// If there is a Content-Length header on this request go ahead and check that we can
+	// even write the whole file before beginning this process. If there is no header present
+	// we'll just have to give it a spin and see how it goes.
+	if res.ContentLength > 0 {
+		if err := dl.server.Filesystem().HasSpaceFor(res.ContentLength); err != nil {
+			return errors.WrapIf(err, "downloader: failed to write file: not enough space")
+		}
+	}
+
+	fnameparts := strings.Split(dl.req.URL.Path, "/")
+	p := filepath.Join(dl.req.Directory, fnameparts[len(fnameparts)-1])
+	dl.server.Log().WithField("path", p).Debug("writing remote file to disk")
+
+	r := io.TeeReader(res.Body, dl.counter(res.ContentLength))
+	if err := dl.server.Filesystem().Writefile(p, r); err != nil {
+		return errors.WrapIf(err, "downloader: failed to write file to server directory")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Cancels a running download and frees up the associated resources. If a file is being
+// written a partial file will remain present on the disk.
+func (dl *Download) Cancel() {
+	if dl.cancelFunc != nil {
+		(*dl.cancelFunc)()
+	}
+	instance.remove(dl.Identifier)
+}
+
+// Checks if the given download belongs to the provided server.
+func (dl *Download) BelongsTo(s *server.Server) bool {
+	return dl.server.Id() == s.Id()
+}
+
+// Returns the current progress of the download as a float value between 0 and 1 where
+// 1 indicates that the download is completed.
+func (dl *Download) Progress() float64 {
+	dl.mu.RLock()
+	defer dl.mu.RUnlock()
+	return dl.progress
+}
+
+// Handles a write event by updating the progress completed percentage and firing off
+// events to the server websocket as needed.
+func (dl *Download) counter(contentLength int64) *Counter {
+	onWrite := func(t int) {
+		dl.mu.Lock()
+		defer dl.mu.Unlock()
+		dl.progress = float64(t) / float64(contentLength)
+	}
+	return &Counter{
+		onWrite: onWrite,
+	}
+}
+
+// Verifies that a given download resolves to a location not within the current local
+// network for the machine. If the final destination of a resource is within the local
+// network an ErrInternalResolution error is returned.
+func (dl *Download) isExternalNetwork(ctx context.Context) error {
+	dialer := &net.Dialer{
+		LocalAddr: nil,
+	}
+
+	host := dl.req.URL.Host
+
+	// This cluster-fuck of math and integer shit converts an integer IP into a proper IPv4.
+	// For example: 16843009 would become 1.1.1.1
+	if i, err := strconv.ParseInt(host, 10, 64); err == nil {
+		host = strconv.FormatInt((i>>24)&0xFF, 10) + "." + strconv.FormatInt((i>>16)&0xFF, 10) + "." + strconv.FormatInt((i>>8)&0xFF, 10) + "." + strconv.FormatInt(i&0xFF, 10)
+	}
+
+	if !ipMatchRegex.MatchString(host) {
+		if dl.req.URL.Scheme == "https" {
+			host = host + ":443"
+		} else {
+			host = host + ":80"
+		}
+	}
+
+	c, err := dialer.DialContext(ctx, "tcp", host)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.WithStack(err)
+	}
+	_ = c.Close()
+
+	ip := net.ParseIP(ipMatchRegex.ReplaceAllString(c.RemoteAddr().String(), ""))
+	if ip == nil {
+		return errors.WithStack(ErrInvalidIPAddress)
+	}
+	if ip.IsLoopback() || ip.IsLinkLocalUnicast() || ip.IsLinkLocalMulticast() || ip.IsInterfaceLocalMulticast() {
+		return errors.WithStack(ErrInternalResolution)
+	}
+	for _, block := range internalRanges {
+		if block.Contains(ip) {
+			return errors.WithStack(ErrInternalResolution)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Defines a global downloader struct that keeps track of all currently processing downloads
+// for the machine.
+type Downloader struct {
+	mu            sync.RWMutex
+	downloadCache map[string]*Download
+	serverCache   map[string][]string
+}
+
+// Tracks a download in the internal cache for this instance.
+func (d *Downloader) track(dl *Download) {
+	d.mu.Lock()
+	defer d.mu.Unlock()
+	sid := dl.server.Id()
+	if _, ok := d.downloadCache[dl.Identifier]; !ok {
+		d.downloadCache[dl.Identifier] = dl
+		if _, ok := d.serverCache[sid]; !ok {
+			d.serverCache[sid] = []string{}
+		}
+		d.serverCache[sid] = append(d.serverCache[sid], dl.Identifier)
+	}
+}
+
+// Finds a given download entry using the provided ID and returns it.
+func (d *Downloader) find(dlid string) *Download {
+	d.mu.RLock()
+	defer d.mu.RUnlock()
+	if entry, ok := d.downloadCache[dlid]; ok {
+		return entry
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Remove the given download reference from the cache storing them. This also updates
+// the slice of active downloads for a given server to not include this download.
+func (d *Downloader) remove(dlid string) {
+	d.mu.Lock()
+	defer d.mu.Unlock()
+	if _, ok := d.downloadCache[dlid]; !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	sid := d.downloadCache[dlid].server.Id()
+	delete(d.downloadCache, dlid)
+	if tracked, ok := d.serverCache[sid]; ok {
+		var out []string
+		for _, k := range tracked {
+			if k != dlid {
+				out = append(out, k)
+			}
+		}
+		d.serverCache[sid] = out
+	}
+}
+
+func mustParseCIDR(ip string) *net.IPNet {
+	_, block, err := net.ParseCIDR(ip)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("downloader: failed to parse CIDR: %s", err))
+	}
+	return block
+}

router/error.go

@@ -2,55 +2,64 @@ package router
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"github.com/apex/log"
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
-	"net/http"
-	"os"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server/filesystem"
 )
 
 type RequestError struct {
-	Err     error
-	Uuid    string
-	Message string
+	err     error
+	uuid    string
+	message string
 	server  *server.Server
 }
 
+// Attaches an error to the gin.Context object for the request and ensures that it
+// has a proper stacktrace associated with it when doing so.
+//
+// If you just call c.Error(err) without using this function you'll likely end up
+// with an error that has no annotated stack on it.
+func WithError(c *gin.Context, err error) error {
+	return c.Error(errors.WithStackDepthIf(err, 1))
+}
+
 // Generates a new tracked error, which simply tracks the specific error that
 // is being passed in, and also assigned a UUID to the error so that it can be
 // cross referenced in the logs.
-func TrackedError(err error) *RequestError {
+func NewTrackedError(err error) *RequestError {
 	return &RequestError{
-		Err:     err,
-		Uuid:    uuid.Must(uuid.NewRandom()).String(),
-		Message: "",
+		err:  err,
+		uuid: uuid.Must(uuid.NewRandom()).String(),
 	}
 }
 
-// Same as TrackedError, except this will also attach the server instance that
+// Same as NewTrackedError, except this will also attach the server instance that
 // generated this server for the purposes of logging.
-func TrackedServerError(err error, s *server.Server) *RequestError {
+func NewServerError(err error, s *server.Server) *RequestError {
 	return &RequestError{
-		Err:     err,
-		Uuid:    uuid.Must(uuid.NewRandom()).String(),
-		Message: "",
+		err:    err,
+		uuid:   uuid.Must(uuid.NewRandom()).String(),
 		server: s,
 	}
 }
 
 func (e *RequestError) logger() *log.Entry {
 	if e.server != nil {
-		return e.server.Log().WithField("error_id", e.Uuid)
+		return e.server.Log().WithField("error_id", e.uuid).WithField("error", e.err)
 	}
-
-	return log.WithField("error_id", e.Uuid)
+	return log.WithField("error_id", e.uuid).WithField("error", e.err)
 }
 
 // Sets the output message to display to the user in the error.
 func (e *RequestError) SetMessage(msg string) *RequestError {
-	e.Message = msg
+	e.message = msg
 	return e
 }
 
@@ -58,42 +67,90 @@ func (e *RequestError) SetMessage(msg string) *RequestError {
 // will also include the error UUID in the output so that the user can report that
 // and link the response to a specific error in the logs.
 func (e *RequestError) AbortWithStatus(status int, c *gin.Context) {
+	// In instances where the status has already been set just use that existing status
+	// since we cannot change it at this point, and trying to do so will emit a gin warning
+	// into the program output.
+	if c.Writer.Status() != 200 {
+		status = c.Writer.Status()
+	}
+
 	// If this error is because the resource does not exist, we likely do not need to log
 	// the error anywhere, just return a 404 and move on with our lives.
-	if os.IsNotExist(e.Err) {
+	if errors.Is(e.err, os.ErrNotExist) {
 		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{
 			"error": "The requested resource was not found on the system.",
 		})
 		return
 	}
 
+	if strings.HasPrefix(e.err.Error(), "invalid URL escape") {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
+			"error": "Some of the data provided in the request appears to be escaped improperly.",
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	// If this is a Filesystem error just return it without all of the tracking code nonsense
+	// since we don't need to be logging it into the logs or anything, its just a normal error
+	// that the user can solve on their end.
+	if st, msg := e.getAsFilesystemError(); st != 0 {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(st, gin.H{"error": msg})
+		return
+	}
+
 	// Otherwise, log the error to zap, and then report the error back to the user.
 	if status >= 500 {
-		e.logger().WithField("error", e.Err).Error("encountered HTTP/500 error while handling request")
-
-		c.Error(errors.WithStack(e))
+		e.logger().Error("unexpected error while handling HTTP request")
 	} else {
-		e.logger().WithField("error", e.Err).Debug("encountered non-HTTP/500 error while handling request")
+		e.logger().Debug("non-server error encountered while handling HTTP request")
 	}
 
-	msg := "An unexpected error was encountered while processing this request."
-	if e.Message != "" {
-		msg = e.Message
+	if e.message == "" {
+		e.message = "An unexpected error was encountered while processing this request."
 	}
 
-	c.AbortWithStatusJSON(status, gin.H{
-		"error":    msg,
-		"error_id": e.Uuid,
-	})
+	c.AbortWithStatusJSON(status, gin.H{"error": e.message, "error_id": e.uuid})
 }
 
 // Helper function to just abort with an internal server error. This is generally the response
 // from most errors encountered by the API.
-func (e *RequestError) AbortWithServerError(c *gin.Context) {
+func (e *RequestError) Abort(c *gin.Context) {
 	e.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusInternalServerError, c)
 }
 
+// Looks at the given RequestError and determines if it is a specific filesystem error that
+// we can process and return differently for the user.
+func (e *RequestError) getAsFilesystemError() (int, string) {
+	// Some external things end up calling fmt.Errorf() on our filesystem errors
+	// which ends up just unleashing chaos on the system. For the sake of this
+	// fallback to using text checks...
+	if filesystem.IsErrorCode(e.err, filesystem.ErrCodeDenylistFile) || strings.Contains(e.err.Error(), "filesystem: file access prohibited") {
+		return http.StatusForbidden, "This file cannot be modified: present in egg denylist."
+	}
+	if filesystem.IsErrorCode(e.err, filesystem.ErrCodePathResolution) || strings.Contains(e.err.Error(), "resolves to a location outside the server root") {
+		return http.StatusNotFound, "The requested resource was not found on the system."
+	}
+	if filesystem.IsErrorCode(e.err, filesystem.ErrCodeIsDirectory) || strings.Contains(e.err.Error(), "filesystem: is a directory") {
+		return http.StatusBadRequest, "Cannot perform that action: file is a directory."
+	}
+	if filesystem.IsErrorCode(e.err, filesystem.ErrCodeDiskSpace) || strings.Contains(e.err.Error(), "filesystem: not enough disk space") {
+		return http.StatusBadRequest, "Cannot perform that action: not enough disk space available."
+	}
+	if strings.HasSuffix(e.err.Error(), "file name too long") {
+		return http.StatusBadRequest, "Cannot perform that action: file name is too long."
+	}
+	if e, ok := e.err.(*os.SyscallError); ok && e.Syscall == "readdirent" {
+		return http.StatusNotFound, "The requested directory does not exist."
+	}
+	return 0, ""
+}
+
+// Handle specific filesystem errors for a server.
+func (e *RequestError) AbortFilesystemError(c *gin.Context) {
+	e.Abort(c)
+}
+
 // Format the error to a string and include the UUID.
 func (e *RequestError) Error() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%v (uuid: %s)", e.Err, e.Uuid)
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%v (uuid: %s)", e.err, e.uuid)
 }

router/middleware.go

@@ -2,66 +2,15 @@ package router
 
 import (
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-	"github.com/google/uuid"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/middleware"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
-	"net/http"
-	"strings"
 )
 
-// Set the access request control headers on all of the requests.
-func SetAccessControlHeaders(c *gin.Context) {
-	c.Header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", config.Get().PanelLocation)
-	c.Header("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Accept, Content-Type, Content-Length, Accept-Encoding, X-CSRF-Token, Authorization")
-	c.Next()
-}
-
-// Authenticates the request token against the given permission string, ensuring that
-// if it is a server permission, the token has control over that server. If it is a global
-// token, this will ensure that the request is using a properly signed global token.
-func AuthorizationMiddleware(c *gin.Context) {
-	auth := strings.SplitN(c.GetHeader("Authorization"), " ", 2)
-
-	if len(auth) != 2 || auth[0] != "Bearer" {
-		c.Header("WWW-Authenticate", "Bearer")
-		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{
-			"error": "The required authorization heads were not present in the request.",
-		})
-
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Try to match the request against the global token for the Daemon, regardless
-	// of the permission type. If nothing is matched we will fall through to the Panel
-	// API to try and validate permissions for a server.
-	if auth[1] == config.Get().AuthenticationToken {
-		c.Next()
-
-		return
-	}
-
-	c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusForbidden, gin.H{
-		"error": "You are not authorized to access this endpoint.",
-	})
-}
-
-// Helper function to fetch a server out of the servers collection stored in memory.
-func GetServer(uuid string) *server.Server {
-	return server.GetServers().Find(func(s *server.Server) bool {
-		return uuid == s.Uuid
-	})
-}
-
-// Ensure that the requested server exists in this setup. Returns a 404 if we cannot
-// locate it.
-func ServerExists(c *gin.Context) {
-	u, err := uuid.Parse(c.Param("server"))
-	if err != nil || GetServer(u.String()) == nil {
-		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{
-			"error": "The resource you requested does not exist.",
-		})
-		return
-	}
-
-	c.Next()
+// ExtractServer returns the server instance from the gin context. If there is
+// no server set in the context (e.g. calling from a controller not protected
+// by ServerExists) this function will panic.
+//
+// This function is deprecated. Use middleware.ExtractServer.
+func ExtractServer(c *gin.Context) *server.Server {
+	return middleware.ExtractServer(c)
 }

router/middleware/middleware.go

@@ -0,0 +1,372 @@
+package middleware
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/subtle"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/metrics"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/remote"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server/filesystem"
+)
+
+// RequestError is a custom error type returned when something goes wrong with
+// any of the HTTP endpoints.
+type RequestError struct {
+	err    error
+	status int
+	msg    string
+}
+
+// NewError returns a new RequestError for the provided error.
+func NewError(err error) *RequestError {
+	return &RequestError{
+		// Attach a stacktrace to the error if it is missing at this point and mark it
+		// as originating from the location where NewError was called, rather than this
+		// specific point in the code.
+		err: errors.WithStackDepthIf(err, 1),
+	}
+}
+
+// SetMessage allows for a custom error message to be set on an existing
+// RequestError instance.
+func (re *RequestError) SetMessage(m string) {
+	re.msg = m
+}
+
+// SetStatus sets the HTTP status code for the error response. By default this
+// is a HTTP-500 error.
+func (re *RequestError) SetStatus(s int) {
+	re.status = s
+}
+
+// Abort aborts the given HTTP request with the specified status code and then
+// logs the event into the logs. The error that is output will include the unique
+// request ID if it is present.
+func (re *RequestError) Abort(c *gin.Context, status int) {
+	reqId := c.Writer.Header().Get("X-Request-Id")
+
+	// Generate the base logger instance, attaching the unique request ID and
+	// the URL that was requested.
+	event := log.WithField("request_id", reqId).WithField("url", c.Request.URL.String())
+	// If there is a server present in the gin.Context stack go ahead and pull it
+	// and attach that server UUID to the logs as well so that we can see what specific
+	// server triggered this error.
+	if s, ok := c.Get("server"); ok {
+		if s, ok := s.(*server.Server); ok {
+			event = event.WithField("server_id", s.Id())
+		}
+	}
+
+	if c.Writer.Status() == 200 {
+		// Handle context deadlines being exceeded a little differently since we want
+		// to report a more user-friendly error and a proper error code. The "context
+		// canceled" error is generally when a request is terminated before all of the
+		// logic is finished running.
+		if errors.Is(re.err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+			re.SetStatus(http.StatusGatewayTimeout)
+			re.SetMessage("The server could not process this request in time, please try again.")
+		} else if strings.Contains(re.Cause().Error(), "context canceled") {
+			re.SetStatus(http.StatusBadRequest)
+			re.SetMessage("Request aborted by client.")
+		}
+	}
+
+	// c.Writer.Status() will be a non-200 value if the headers have already been sent
+	// to the requester but an error is encountered. This can happen if there is an issue
+	// marshaling a struct placed into a c.JSON() call (or c.AbortWithJSON() call).
+	if status >= 500 || c.Writer.Status() != 200 {
+		event.WithField("status", status).WithField("error", re.err).Error("error while handling HTTP request")
+	} else {
+		event.WithField("status", status).WithField("error", re.err).Debug("error handling HTTP request (not a server error)")
+	}
+	if re.msg == "" {
+		re.msg = "An unexpected error was encountered while processing this request"
+	}
+	// Now abort the request with the error message and include the unique request
+	// ID that was present to make things super easy on people who don't know how
+	// or cannot view the response headers (where X-Request-Id would be present).
+	c.AbortWithStatusJSON(status, gin.H{"error": re.msg, "request_id": reqId})
+}
+
+// Cause returns the underlying error.
+func (re *RequestError) Cause() error {
+	return re.err
+}
+
+// Error returns the underlying error message for this request.
+func (re *RequestError) Error() string {
+	return re.err.Error()
+}
+
+// Looks at the given RequestError and determines if it is a specific filesystem
+// error that we can process and return differently for the user.
+//
+// Some external things end up calling fmt.Errorf() on our filesystem errors
+// which ends up just unleashing chaos on the system. For the sake of this,
+// fallback to using text checks.
+//
+// If the error passed into this call is nil or does not match empty values will
+// be returned to the caller.
+func (re *RequestError) asFilesystemError() (int, string) {
+	err := re.Cause()
+	if err == nil {
+		return 0, ""
+	}
+	if filesystem.IsErrorCode(err, filesystem.ErrCodeDenylistFile) || strings.Contains(err.Error(), "filesystem: file access prohibited") {
+		return http.StatusForbidden, "This file cannot be modified: present in egg denylist."
+	}
+	if filesystem.IsErrorCode(err, filesystem.ErrCodePathResolution) || strings.Contains(err.Error(), "resolves to a location outside the server root") {
+		return http.StatusNotFound, "The requested resource was not found on the system."
+	}
+	if filesystem.IsErrorCode(err, filesystem.ErrCodeIsDirectory) || strings.Contains(err.Error(), "filesystem: is a directory") {
+		return http.StatusBadRequest, "Cannot perform that action: file is a directory."
+	}
+	if filesystem.IsErrorCode(err, filesystem.ErrCodeDiskSpace) || strings.Contains(err.Error(), "filesystem: not enough disk space") {
+		return http.StatusBadRequest, "There is not enough disk space available to perform that action."
+	}
+	if strings.HasSuffix(err.Error(), "file name too long") {
+		return http.StatusBadRequest, "Cannot perform that action: file name is too long."
+	}
+	if e, ok := err.(*os.SyscallError); ok && e.Syscall == "readdirent" {
+		return http.StatusNotFound, "The requested directory does not exist."
+	}
+	return 0, ""
+}
+
+// AttachRequestID attaches a unique ID to the incoming HTTP request so that any
+// errors that are generated or returned to the client will include this reference
+// allowing for an easier time identifying the specific request that failed for
+// the user.
+//
+// If you are using a tool such as Sentry or Bugsnag for error reporting this is
+// a great location to also attach this request ID to your error handling logic
+// so that you can easily cross-reference the errors.
+func AttachRequestID() gin.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		id := uuid.New().String()
+		c.Set("request_id", id)
+		c.Set("logger", log.WithField("request_id", id))
+		c.Header("X-Request-Id", id)
+		c.Next()
+	}
+}
+
+// AttachServerManager attaches the server manager to the request context which
+// allows routes to access the underlying server collection.
+func AttachServerManager(m *server.Manager) gin.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		c.Set("manager", m)
+		c.Next()
+	}
+}
+
+// AttachApiClient attaches the application API client which allows routes to
+// access server resources from the Panel easily.
+func AttachApiClient(client remote.Client) gin.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		c.Set("api_client", client)
+		c.Next()
+	}
+}
+
+// CaptureAndAbort aborts the request and attaches the provided error to the gin
+// context so it can be reported properly. If the error is missing a stacktrace
+// at the time it is called the stack will be attached.
+func CaptureAndAbort(c *gin.Context, err error) {
+	c.Abort()
+	c.Error(errors.WithStackDepthIf(err, 1))
+}
+
+// CaptureErrors is custom handler function allowing for errors bubbled up by
+// c.Error() to be returned in a standardized format with tracking UUIDs on them
+// for easier log searching.
+func CaptureErrors() gin.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		c.Next()
+		err := c.Errors.Last()
+		if err == nil || err.Err == nil {
+			return
+		}
+
+		status := http.StatusInternalServerError
+		if c.Writer.Status() != 200 {
+			status = c.Writer.Status()
+		}
+		if err.Error() == io.EOF.Error() {
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "The data passed in the request was not in a parsable format. Please try again."})
+			return
+		}
+		captured := NewError(err.Err)
+		if status, msg := captured.asFilesystemError(); msg != "" {
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(status, gin.H{"error": msg, "request_id": c.Writer.Header().Get("X-Request-Id")})
+			return
+		}
+		captured.Abort(c, status)
+	}
+}
+
+// SetAccessControlHeaders sets the access request control headers on all of
+// the requests.
+func SetAccessControlHeaders() gin.HandlerFunc {
+	origins := config.Get().AllowedOrigins
+	location := config.Get().PanelLocation
+
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		c.Header("Access-Control-Allow-Credentials", "true")
+		c.Header("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET, POST, PATCH, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS")
+		// Maximum age allowable under Chromium v76 is 2 hours, so just use that since
+		// anything higher will be ignored (even if other browsers do allow higher values).
+		//
+		// @see https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Access-Control-Max-Age#Directives
+		c.Header("Access-Control-Max-Age", "7200")
+		c.Header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", location)
+		c.Header("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Accept, Accept-Encoding, Authorization, Cache-Control, Content-Type, Content-Length, Origin, X-Real-IP, X-CSRF-Token")
+		// Validate that the request origin is coming from an allowed origin. Because you
+		// cannot set multiple values here we need to see if the origin is one of the ones
+		// that we allow, and if so return it explicitly. Otherwise, just return the default
+		// origin which is the same URL that the Panel is located at.
+		origin := c.GetHeader("Origin")
+		if origin != location {
+			for _, o := range origins {
+				if o != "*" && o != origin {
+					continue
+				}
+				c.Header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", o)
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		if c.Request.Method == http.MethodOptions {
+			c.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusNoContent)
+			return
+		}
+		c.Next()
+	}
+}
+
+// ServerExists will ensure that the requested server exists in this setup.
+// Returns a 404 if we cannot locate it. If the server is found it is set into
+// the request context, and the logger for the context is also updated to include
+// the server ID in the fields list.
+func ServerExists() gin.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		var s *server.Server
+		if c.Param("server") != "" {
+			manager := ExtractManager(c)
+			s = manager.Find(func(s *server.Server) bool {
+				return c.Param("server") == s.Id()
+			})
+		}
+		if s == nil {
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{"error": "The requested resource does not exist on this instance."})
+			return
+		}
+		c.Set("logger", ExtractLogger(c).WithField("server_id", s.Id()))
+		c.Set("server", s)
+		c.Next()
+	}
+}
+
+// RequireAuthorization authenticates the request token against the given
+// permission string, ensuring that if it is a server permission, the token has
+// control over that server. If it is a global token, this will ensure that the
+// request is using a properly signed global token.
+func RequireAuthorization() gin.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		// We don't put this value outside this function since the node's authentication
+		// token can be changed on the fly and the config.Get() call returns a copy, so
+		// if it is rotated this value will never properly get updated.
+		token := config.Get().AuthenticationToken
+		auth := strings.SplitN(c.GetHeader("Authorization"), " ", 2)
+		if len(auth) != 2 || auth[0] != "Bearer" {
+			c.Header("WWW-Authenticate", "Bearer")
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"error": "The required authorization heads were not present in the request."})
+			return
+		}
+
+		// All requests to Wings must be authorized with the authentication token present in
+		// the Wings configuration file. Remeber, all requests to Wings come from the Panel
+		// backend, or using a signed JWT for temporary authentication.
+		if subtle.ConstantTimeCompare([]byte(auth[1]), []byte(token)) != 1 {
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusForbidden, gin.H{"error": "You are not authorized to access this endpoint."})
+			return
+		}
+		c.Next()
+	}
+}
+
+// RemoteDownloadEnabled checks if remote downloads are enabled for this instance
+// and if not aborts the request.
+func RemoteDownloadEnabled() gin.HandlerFunc {
+	disabled := config.Get().Api.DisableRemoteDownload
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		if disabled {
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "This functionality is not currently enabled on this instance."})
+			return
+		}
+		c.Next()
+	}
+}
+
+// ExtractLogger pulls the logger out of the request context and returns it. By
+// default this will include the request ID, but may also include the server ID
+// if that middleware has been used in the chain by the time it is called.
+func ExtractLogger(c *gin.Context) *log.Entry {
+	v, ok := c.Get("logger")
+	if !ok {
+		panic("middleware/middleware: cannot extract logger: not present in request context")
+	}
+	return v.(*log.Entry)
+}
+
+// ExtractServer will return the server from the gin.Context or panic if it is
+// not present.
+func ExtractServer(c *gin.Context) *server.Server {
+	v, ok := c.Get("server")
+	if !ok {
+		panic("middleware/middleware: cannot extract server: not present in request context")
+	}
+	return v.(*server.Server)
+}
+
+// ExtractApiClient returns the API client defined for the routes.
+func ExtractApiClient(c *gin.Context) remote.Client {
+	if v, ok := c.Get("api_client"); ok {
+		return v.(remote.Client)
+	}
+	panic("middleware/middlware: cannot extract api clinet: not present in context")
+}
+
+// ExtractManager returns the server manager instance set on the request context.
+func ExtractManager(c *gin.Context) *server.Manager {
+	if v, ok := c.Get("manager"); ok {
+		return v.(*server.Manager)
+	}
+	panic("middleware/middleware: cannot extract server manager: not present in context")
+}
+
+func Metrics() gin.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		path := c.Request.URL.Path
+		rawQuery := c.Request.URL.RawQuery
+
+		c.Next()
+
+		// Skip over the server websocket endpoint.
+		if strings.HasSuffix(c.FullPath(), "/ws") {
+			return
+		}
+
+		metrics.HTTPRequestsTotal.WithLabelValues(c.Request.Method, c.FullPath(), path, rawQuery, strconv.Itoa(c.Writer.Status())).Inc()
+	}
+}

router/router.go

@@ -3,16 +3,20 @@ package router
 import (
 	"github.com/apex/log"
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/remote"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/middleware"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
 )
 
-// Configures the routing infrastructure for this daemon instance.
-func Configure() *gin.Engine {
+// Configure configures the routing infrastructure for this daemon instance.
+func Configure(m *server.Manager, client remote.Client) *gin.Engine {
 	gin.SetMode("release")
 
 	router := gin.New()
-
 	router.Use(gin.Recovery())
-	router.Use(SetAccessControlHeaders)
+	router.Use(middleware.Metrics())
+	router.Use(middleware.AttachRequestID(), middleware.CaptureErrors(), middleware.SetAccessControlHeaders())
+	router.Use(middleware.AttachServerManager(m), middleware.AttachApiClient(client))
 	// @todo log this into a different file so you can setup IP blocking for abusive requests and such.
 	// This should still dump requests in debug mode since it does help with understanding the request
 	// lifecycle and quickly seeing what was called leading to the logs. However, it isn't feasible to mix
@@ -23,32 +27,30 @@ func Configure() *gin.Engine {
 			"client_ip":  params.ClientIP,
 			"status":     params.StatusCode,
 			"latency":    params.Latency,
+			"request_id": params.Keys["request_id"],
 		}).Debugf("%s %s", params.MethodColor()+params.Method+params.ResetColor(), params.Path)
 
 		return ""
 	}))
 
-	router.OPTIONS("/api/system", func(c *gin.Context) {
-		c.Status(200)
-	})
-
 	// These routes use signed URLs to validate access to the resource being requested.
 	router.GET("/download/backup", getDownloadBackup)
 	router.GET("/download/file", getDownloadFile)
+	router.POST("/upload/file", postServerUploadFiles)
 
 	// This route is special it sits above all of the other requests because we are
 	// using a JWT to authorize access to it, therefore it needs to be publicly
 	// accessible.
-	router.GET("/api/servers/:server/ws", ServerExists, getServerWebsocket)
+	router.GET("/api/servers/:server/ws", middleware.ServerExists(), getServerWebsocket)
 
 	// This request is called by another daemon when a server is going to be transferred out.
 	// This request does not need the AuthorizationMiddleware as the panel should never call it
 	// and requests are authenticated through a JWT the panel issues to the other daemon.
-	router.GET("/api/servers/:server/archive", ServerExists, getServerArchive)
+	router.GET("/api/servers/:server/archive", middleware.ServerExists(), getServerArchive)
 
 	// All of the routes beyond this mount will use an authorization middleware
 	// and will not be accessible without the correct Authorization header provided.
-	protected := router.Use(AuthorizationMiddleware)
+	protected := router.Use(middleware.RequireAuthorization())
 	protected.POST("/api/update", postUpdateConfiguration)
 	protected.GET("/api/system", getSystemInformation)
 	protected.GET("/api/servers", getAllServers)
@@ -58,7 +60,7 @@ func Configure() *gin.Engine {
 	// These are server specific routes, and require that the request be authorized, and
 	// that the server exist on the Daemon.
 	server := router.Group("/api/servers/:server")
-	server.Use(AuthorizationMiddleware, ServerExists)
+	server.Use(middleware.RequireAuthorization(), middleware.ServerExists())
 	{
 		server.GET("", getServer)
 		server.PATCH("", patchServer)
@@ -69,6 +71,7 @@ func Configure() *gin.Engine {
 		server.POST("/commands", postServerCommands)
 		server.POST("/install", postServerInstall)
 		server.POST("/reinstall", postServerReinstall)
+		server.POST("/ws/deny", postServerDenyWSTokens)
 
 		// This archive request causes the archive to start being created
 		// this should only be triggered by the panel.
@@ -78,16 +81,24 @@ func Configure() *gin.Engine {
 		{
 			files.GET("/contents", getServerFileContents)
 			files.GET("/list-directory", getServerListDirectory)
-			files.PUT("/rename", putServerRenameFile)
+			files.PUT("/rename", putServerRenameFiles)
 			files.POST("/copy", postServerCopyFile)
 			files.POST("/write", postServerWriteFile)
 			files.POST("/create-directory", postServerCreateDirectory)
-			files.POST("/delete", postServerDeleteFile)
+			files.POST("/delete", postServerDeleteFiles)
+			files.POST("/compress", postServerCompressFiles)
+			files.POST("/decompress", postServerDecompressFiles)
+			files.POST("/chmod", postServerChmodFile)
+
+			files.GET("/pull", middleware.RemoteDownloadEnabled(), getServerPullingFiles)
+			files.POST("/pull", middleware.RemoteDownloadEnabled(), postServerPullRemoteFile)
+			files.DELETE("/pull/:download", middleware.RemoteDownloadEnabled(), deleteServerPullRemoteFile)
 		}
 
 		backup := server.Group("/backup")
 		{
 			backup.POST("", postServerBackup)
+			backup.POST("/:backup/restore", postServerRestoreBackup)
 			backup.DELETE("/:backup", deleteServerBackup)
 		}
 	}

router/router_download.go

@@ -2,52 +2,58 @@ package router
 
 import (
 	"bufio"
-	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/tokens"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server/backup"
+	"errors"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"strconv"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/middleware"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/tokens"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server/backup"
 )
 
 // Handle a download request for a server backup.
 func getDownloadBackup(c *gin.Context) {
+	client := middleware.ExtractApiClient(c)
+	manager := middleware.ExtractManager(c)
+
 	token := tokens.BackupPayload{}
 	if err := tokens.ParseToken([]byte(c.Query("token")), &token); err != nil {
-		TrackedError(err).AbortWithServerError(c)
+		NewTrackedError(err).Abort(c)
 		return
 	}
 
-	s := GetServer(token.ServerUuid)
-	if s == nil || !token.IsUniqueRequest() {
+	s, ok := manager.Get(token.ServerUuid)
+	if !ok || !token.IsUniqueRequest() {
 		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{
 			"error": "The requested resource was not found on this server.",
 		})
 		return
 	}
 
-	b, st, err := backup.LocateLocal(token.BackupUuid)
+	b, st, err := backup.LocateLocal(client, token.BackupUuid)
 	if err != nil {
-		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
 			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{
 				"error": "The requested backup was not found on this server.",
 			})
 			return
 		}
 
-		TrackedServerError(err, s).AbortWithServerError(c)
+		NewServerError(err, s).Abort(c)
 		return
 	}
 
 	f, err := os.Open(b.Path())
 	if err != nil {
-		TrackedServerError(err, s).AbortWithServerError(c)
+		NewServerError(err, s).Abort(c)
 		return
 	}
 	defer f.Close()
 
 	c.Header("Content-Length", strconv.Itoa(int(st.Size())))
-	c.Header("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename="+st.Name())
+	c.Header("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename="+strconv.Quote(st.Name()))
 	c.Header("Content-Type", "application/octet-stream")
 
 	bufio.NewReader(f).WriteTo(c.Writer)
@@ -55,26 +61,27 @@ func getDownloadBackup(c *gin.Context) {
 
 // Handles downloading a specific file for a server.
 func getDownloadFile(c *gin.Context) {
+	manager := middleware.ExtractManager(c)
 	token := tokens.FilePayload{}
 	if err := tokens.ParseToken([]byte(c.Query("token")), &token); err != nil {
-		TrackedError(err).AbortWithServerError(c)
+		NewTrackedError(err).Abort(c)
 		return
 	}
 
-	s := GetServer(token.ServerUuid)
-	if s == nil || !token.IsUniqueRequest() {
+	s, ok := manager.Get(token.ServerUuid)
+	if !ok || !token.IsUniqueRequest() {
 		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{
 			"error": "The requested resource was not found on this server.",
 		})
 		return
 	}
 
-	p, _ := s.Filesystem.SafePath(token.FilePath)
+	p, _ := s.Filesystem().SafePath(token.FilePath)
 	st, err := os.Stat(p)
 	// If there is an error or we're somehow trying to download a directory, just
 	// respond with the appropriate error.
 	if err != nil {
-		TrackedServerError(err, s).AbortWithServerError(c)
+		NewServerError(err, s).Abort(c)
 		return
 	} else if st.IsDir() {
 		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{
@@ -85,12 +92,12 @@ func getDownloadFile(c *gin.Context) {
 
 	f, err := os.Open(p)
 	if err != nil {
-		TrackedServerError(err, s).AbortWithServerError(c)
+		NewServerError(err, s).Abort(c)
 		return
 	}
 
 	c.Header("Content-Length", strconv.Itoa(int(st.Size())))
-	c.Header("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename="+st.Name())
+	c.Header("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename="+strconv.Quote(st.Name()))
 	c.Header("Content-Type", "application/octet-stream")
 
 	bufio.NewReader(f).WriteTo(c.Writer)

router/router_server.go

@@ -2,32 +2,39 @@ package router
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
-	"github.com/apex/log"
-	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
+	"context"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"strconv"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/downloader"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/middleware"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/tokens"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
 )
 
 // Returns a single server from the collection of servers.
 func getServer(c *gin.Context) {
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, GetServer(c.Param("server")))
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, ExtractServer(c).ToAPIResponse())
 }
 
 // Returns the logs for a given server instance.
 func getServerLogs(c *gin.Context) {
-	s := GetServer(c.Param("server"))
+	s := ExtractServer(c)
 
-	l, _ := strconv.ParseInt(c.DefaultQuery("size", "8192"), 10, 64)
+	l, _ := strconv.Atoi(c.DefaultQuery("size", "100"))
 	if l <= 0 {
-		l = 2048
+		l = 100
+	} else if l > 100 {
+		l = 100
 	}
 
 	out, err := s.ReadLogfile(l)
 	if err != nil {
-		TrackedServerError(err, s).AbortWithServerError(c)
+		NewServerError(err, s).Abort(c)
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -43,15 +50,17 @@ func getServerLogs(c *gin.Context) {
 // things are happening, so theres no reason to sit and wait for a request to finish. We'll
 // just see over the socket if something isn't working correctly.
 func postServerPower(c *gin.Context) {
-	s := GetServer(c.Param("server"))
+	s := ExtractServer(c)
+
+	var data struct {
+		Action server.PowerAction `json:"action"`
+	}
 
-	var data server.PowerAction
-	// BindJSON sends 400 if the request fails, all we need to do is return
 	if err := c.BindJSON(&data); err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 
-	if !data.IsValid() {
+	if !data.Action.IsValid() {
 		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusUnprocessableEntity, gin.H{
 			"error": "The power action provided was not valid, should be one of \"stop\", \"start\", \"restart\", \"kill\"",
 		})
@@ -64,21 +73,26 @@ func postServerPower(c *gin.Context) {
 	//
 	// We don't really care about any of the other actions at this point, they'll all result
 	// in the process being stopped, which should have happened anyways if the server is suspended.
-	if (data.Action == "start" || data.Action == "restart") && s.Suspended {
+	if (data.Action == server.PowerActionStart || data.Action == server.PowerActionRestart) && s.IsSuspended() {
 		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
 			"error": "Cannot start or restart a server that is suspended.",
 		})
 		return
 	}
 
-	// Pass the actual heavy processing off to a seperate thread to handle so that
+	// Pass the actual heavy processing off to a separate thread to handle so that
 	// we can immediately return a response from the server. Some of these actions
 	// can take quite some time, especially stopping or restarting.
-	go func(server *server.Server) {
-		if err := server.HandlePowerAction(data); err != nil {
-			server.Log().WithFields(log.Fields{"action": data, "error": err}).
+	go func(s *server.Server) {
+		if err := s.HandlePowerAction(data.Action, 30); err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+				s.Log().WithField("action", data.Action).
+					Warn("could not acquire a lock while attempting to perform a power action")
+			} else {
+				s.Log().WithFields(log.Fields{"action": data, "error": err}).
 					Error("encountered error processing a server power action in the background")
 			}
+		}
 	}(s)
 
 	c.Status(http.StatusAccepted)
@@ -86,10 +100,10 @@ func postServerPower(c *gin.Context) {
 
 // Sends an array of commands to a running server instance.
 func postServerCommands(c *gin.Context) {
-	s := GetServer(c.Param("server"))
+	s := ExtractServer(c)
 
 	if running, err := s.Environment.IsRunning(); err != nil {
-		TrackedServerError(err, s).AbortWithServerError(c)
+		NewServerError(err, s).Abort(c)
 		return
 	} else if !running {
 		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadGateway, gin.H{
@@ -117,25 +131,27 @@ func postServerCommands(c *gin.Context) {
 
 // Updates information about a server internally.
 func patchServer(c *gin.Context) {
-	s := GetServer(c.Param("server"))
+	s := ExtractServer(c)
 
 	buf := bytes.Buffer{}
 	buf.ReadFrom(c.Request.Body)
 
-	if err := s.UpdateDataStructure(buf.Bytes(), true); err != nil {
-		TrackedServerError(err, s).AbortWithServerError(c)
+	if err := s.UpdateDataStructure(buf.Bytes()); err != nil {
+		NewServerError(err, s).Abort(c)
 		return
 	}
 
+	s.SyncWithEnvironment()
+
 	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
 }
 
 // Performs a server installation in a background thread.
 func postServerInstall(c *gin.Context) {
-	s := GetServer(c.Param("server"))
+	s := ExtractServer(c)
 
 	go func(serv *server.Server) {
-		if err := serv.Install(); err != nil {
+		if err := serv.Install(true); err != nil {
 			serv.Log().WithField("error", err).Error("failed to execute server installation process")
 		}
 	}(s)
@@ -145,44 +161,50 @@ func postServerInstall(c *gin.Context) {
 
 // Reinstalls a server.
 func postServerReinstall(c *gin.Context) {
-	s := GetServer(c.Param("server"))
+	s := ExtractServer(c)
 
-	go func(serv *server.Server) {
-		if err := serv.Reinstall(); err != nil {
-			serv.Log().WithField("error", err).Error("failed to complete server re-install process")
+	if s.ExecutingPowerAction() {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusConflict, gin.H{
+			"error": "Cannot execute server reinstall event while another power action is running.",
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	go func(s *server.Server) {
+		if err := s.Reinstall(); err != nil {
+			s.Log().WithField("error", err).Error("failed to complete server re-install process")
 		}
 	}(s)
 
 	c.Status(http.StatusAccepted)
 }
 
-// Deletes a server from the wings daemon and deassociates its objects.
+// Deletes a server from the wings daemon and dissociate it's objects.
 func deleteServer(c *gin.Context) {
-	s := GetServer(c.Param("server"))
+	s := middleware.ExtractServer(c)
 
 	// Immediately suspend the server to prevent a user from attempting
 	// to start it while this process is running.
-	s.Suspended = true
+	s.Config().SetSuspended(true)
 
-	// If the server is currently installing, abort it.
-	if s.IsInstalling() {
-		s.AbortInstallation()
+	// Stop all running background tasks for this server that are using the context on
+	// the server struct. This will cancel any running install processes for the server
+	// as well.
+	s.CtxCancel()
+	s.Events().Destroy()
+	s.Websockets().CancelAll()
+
+	// Remove any pending remote file downloads for the server.
+	for _, dl := range downloader.ByServer(s.Id()) {
+		dl.Cancel()
 	}
 
-	// Delete the server's archive if it exists. We intentionally don't return
-	// here, if the archive fails to delete, the server can still be removed.
-	if err := s.Archiver.DeleteIfExists(); err != nil {
-		s.Log().WithField("error", err).Warn("failed to delete server archive during deletion process")
-	}
-
-	// Unsubscribe all of the event listeners.
-	s.Events().UnsubscribeAll()
-
 	// Destroy the environment; in Docker this will handle a running container and
 	// forcibly terminate it before removing the container, so we do not need to handle
 	// that here.
 	if err := s.Environment.Destroy(); err != nil {
-		TrackedServerError(err, s).AbortWithServerError(c)
+		WithError(c, err)
+		return
 	}
 
 	// Once the environment is terminated, remove the server files from the system. This is
@@ -193,16 +215,12 @@ func deleteServer(c *gin.Context) {
 	// so we don't want to block the HTTP call while waiting on this.
 	go func(p string) {
 		if err := os.RemoveAll(p); err != nil {
-			log.WithFields(log.Fields{
-				"path": p,
-				"error": errors.WithStack(err),
-			}).Warn("failed to remove server files during deletion process")
+			log.WithFields(log.Fields{"path": p, "error": err}).Warn("failed to remove server files during deletion process")
 		}
-	}(s.Filesystem.Path())
+	}(s.Filesystem().Path())
 
-	var uuid = s.Uuid
-	server.GetServers().Remove(func(s2 *server.Server) bool {
-		return s2.Uuid == uuid
+	middleware.ExtractManager(c).Remove(func(server *server.Server) bool {
+		return server.Id() == s.Id()
 	})
 
 	// Deallocate the reference to this server.
@@ -210,3 +228,22 @@ func deleteServer(c *gin.Context) {
 
 	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
 }
+
+// Adds any of the JTIs passed through in the body to the deny list for the websocket
+// preventing any JWT generated before the current time from being used to connect to
+// the socket or send along commands.
+func postServerDenyWSTokens(c *gin.Context) {
+	var data struct {
+		JTIs []string `json:"jtis"`
+	}
+
+	if err := c.BindJSON(&data); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	for _, jti := range data.JTIs {
+		tokens.DenyJTI(jti)
+	}
+
+	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}

router/router_server_backup.go

@@ -1,65 +1,198 @@
 package router
 
 import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/middleware"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server/backup"
-	"net/http"
 )
 
-// Backs up a server.
+// postServerBackup performs a backup against a given server instance using the
+// provided backup adapter.
 func postServerBackup(c *gin.Context) {
-	s := GetServer(c.Param("server"))
-
-	data := &backup.Request{}
-	// BindJSON sends 400 if the request fails, all we need to do is return
+	s := middleware.ExtractServer(c)
+	client := middleware.ExtractApiClient(c)
+	logger := middleware.ExtractLogger(c)
+	var data struct {
+		Adapter backup.AdapterType `json:"adapter"`
+		Uuid    string             `json:"uuid"`
+		Ignore  string             `json:"ignore"`
+	}
 	if err := c.BindJSON(&data); err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 
 	var adapter backup.BackupInterface
-	var err error
-
 	switch data.Adapter {
 	case backup.LocalBackupAdapter:
-		adapter, err = data.NewLocalBackup()
+		adapter = backup.NewLocal(client, data.Uuid, data.Ignore)
 	case backup.S3BackupAdapter:
-		adapter, err = data.NewS3Backup()
+		adapter = backup.NewS3(client, data.Uuid, data.Ignore)
 	default:
-		err = errors.New(fmt.Sprintf("unknown backup adapter [%s] provided", data.Adapter))
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, errors.New("router/backups: provided adapter is not valid: "+string(data.Adapter)))
 		return
 	}
 
-	if err != nil {
-		TrackedServerError(err, s).AbortWithServerError(c)
-		return
-	}
+	// Attach the server ID and the request ID to the adapter log context for easier
+	// parsing in the logs.
+	adapter.WithLogContext(map[string]interface{}{
+		"server":     s.Id(),
+		"request_id": c.GetString("request_id"),
+	})
 
-	go func(b backup.BackupInterface, serv *server.Server) {
-		if err := serv.Backup(b); err != nil {
-			serv.Log().WithField("error", err).Error("failed to generate backup for server")
+	go func(b backup.BackupInterface, s *server.Server, logger *log.Entry) {
+		if err := s.Backup(b); err != nil {
+			logger.WithField("error", errors.WithStackIf(err)).Error("router: failed to generate server backup")
 		}
-	}(adapter, s)
+	}(adapter, s, logger)
 
 	c.Status(http.StatusAccepted)
 }
 
-// Deletes a local backup of a server.
-func deleteServerBackup(c *gin.Context) {
-	s := GetServer(c.Param("server"))
+// postServerRestoreBackup handles restoring a backup for a server by downloading
+// or finding the given backup on the system and then unpacking the archive into
+// the server's data directory. If the TruncateDirectory field is provided and
+// is true all of the files will be deleted for the server.
+//
+// This endpoint will block until the backup is fully restored allowing for a
+// spinner to be displayed in the Panel UI effectively.
+//
+// TODO: stop the server if it is running
+func postServerRestoreBackup(c *gin.Context) {
+	s := middleware.ExtractServer(c)
+	client := middleware.ExtractApiClient(c)
+	logger := middleware.ExtractLogger(c)
 
-	b, _, err := backup.LocateLocal(c.Param("backup"))
+	var data struct {
+		Adapter           backup.AdapterType `binding:"required,oneof=wings s3" json:"adapter"`
+		TruncateDirectory bool               `json:"truncate_directory"`
+		// A UUID is always required for this endpoint, however the download URL
+		// is only present when the given adapter type is s3.
+		DownloadUrl string `json:"download_url"`
+	}
+	if err := c.BindJSON(&data); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if data.Adapter == backup.S3BackupAdapter && data.DownloadUrl == "" {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "The download_url field is required when the backup adapter is set to S3."})
+		return
+	}
+
+	s.SetRestoring(true)
+	hasError := true
+	defer func() {
+		if !hasError {
+			return
+		}
+
+		s.SetRestoring(false)
+	}()
+
+	logger.Info("processing server backup restore request")
+	if data.TruncateDirectory {
+		logger.Info("received \"truncate_directory\" flag in request: deleting server files")
+		if err := s.Filesystem().TruncateRootDirectory(); err != nil {
+			middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Now that we've cleaned up the data directory if necessary, grab the backup file
+	// and attempt to restore it into the server directory.
+	if data.Adapter == backup.LocalBackupAdapter {
+		b, _, err := backup.LocateLocal(client, c.Param("backup"))
 		if err != nil {
-		TrackedServerError(err, s).AbortWithServerError(c)
+			middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+			return
+		}
+		go func(s *server.Server, b backup.BackupInterface, logger *log.Entry) {
+			logger.Info("starting restoration process for server backup using local driver")
+			if err := s.RestoreBackup(b, nil); err != nil {
+				logger.WithField("error", err).Error("failed to restore local backup to server")
+			}
+			s.Events().Publish(server.DaemonMessageEvent, "Completed server restoration from local backup.")
+			s.Events().Publish(server.BackupRestoreCompletedEvent, "")
+			logger.Info("completed server restoration from local backup")
+			s.SetRestoring(false)
+		}(s, b, logger)
+		hasError = false
+		c.Status(http.StatusAccepted)
 		return
 	}
 
-	if err := b.Remove(); err != nil {
-		TrackedServerError(err, s).AbortWithServerError(c)
+	// Since this is not a local backup we need to stream the archive and then
+	// parse over the contents as we go in order to restore it to the server.
+	httpClient := http.Client{}
+	logger.Info("downloading backup from remote location...")
+	// TODO: this will hang if there is an issue. We can't use c.Request.Context() (or really any)
+	//  since it will be canceled when the request is closed which happens quickly since we push
+	//  this into the background.
+	//
+	// For now I'm just using the server context so at least the request is canceled if
+	// the server gets deleted.
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(s.Context(), http.MethodGet, data.DownloadUrl, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	res, err := httpClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	// Don't allow content types that we know are going to give us problems.
+	if res.Header.Get("Content-Type") == "" || !strings.Contains("application/x-gzip application/gzip", res.Header.Get("Content-Type")) {
+		_ = res.Body.Close()
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
+			"error": "The provided backup link is not a supported content type. \"" + res.Header.Get("Content-Type") + "\" is not application/x-gzip.",
+		})
 		return
 	}
 
+	go func(s *server.Server, uuid string, logger *log.Entry) {
+		logger.Info("starting restoration process for server backup using S3 driver")
+		if err := s.RestoreBackup(backup.NewS3(client, uuid, ""), res.Body); err != nil {
+			logger.WithField("error", errors.WithStack(err)).Error("failed to restore remote S3 backup to server")
+		}
+		s.Events().Publish(server.DaemonMessageEvent, "Completed server restoration from S3 backup.")
+		s.Events().Publish(server.BackupRestoreCompletedEvent, "")
+		logger.Info("completed server restoration from S3 backup")
+		s.SetRestoring(false)
+	}(s, c.Param("backup"), logger)
+
+	hasError = false
+	c.Status(http.StatusAccepted)
+}
+
+// deleteServerBackup deletes a local backup of a server. If the backup is not
+// found on the machine just return a 404 error. The service calling this
+// endpoint can make its own decisions as to how it wants to handle that
+// response.
+func deleteServerBackup(c *gin.Context) {
+	b, _, err := backup.LocateLocal(middleware.ExtractApiClient(c), c.Param("backup"))
+	if err != nil {
+		// Just return from the function at this point if the backup was not located.
+		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{
+				"error": "The requested backup was not found on this server.",
+			})
+			return
+		}
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	// I'm not entirely sure how likely this is to happen, however if we did manage to
+	// locate the backup previously and it is now missing when we go to delete, just
+	// treat it as having been successful, rather than returning a 404.
+	if err := b.Remove(); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
 	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
 }

router/router_server_files.go

@@ -2,107 +2,141 @@ package router
 
 import (
 	"bufio"
-	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"mime/multipart"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
+	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/downloader"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/middleware"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/tokens"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server/filesystem"
+	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
 )
 
-// Returns the contents of a file on the server.
+// getServerFileContents returns the contents of a file on the server.
 func getServerFileContents(c *gin.Context) {
-	s := GetServer(c.Param("server"))
-
-	p, err := url.QueryUnescape(c.Query("file"))
+	s := middleware.ExtractServer(c)
+	p := "/" + strings.TrimLeft(c.Query("file"), "/")
+	f, st, err := s.Filesystem().File(p)
 	if err != nil {
-		TrackedServerError(err, s).AbortWithServerError(c)
-		return
-	}
-	p = "/" + strings.TrimLeft(p, "/")
-
-	cleaned, err := s.Filesystem.SafePath(p)
-	if err != nil {
-		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{
-			"error": "The file requested could not be found.",
-		})
-		return
-	}
-
-	st, err := s.Filesystem.Stat(cleaned)
-	if err != nil {
-		TrackedServerError(err, s).AbortWithServerError(c)
-		return
-	}
-
-	if st.Info.IsDir() {
-		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{
-			"error": "The requested resource was not found on the system.",
-		})
-		return
-	}
-
-	f, err := os.Open(cleaned)
-	if err != nil {
-		TrackedServerError(err, s).AbortWithServerError(c)
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
 		return
 	}
 	defer f.Close()
 
 	c.Header("X-Mime-Type", st.Mimetype)
-	c.Header("Content-Length", strconv.Itoa(int(st.Info.Size())))
-
+	c.Header("Content-Length", strconv.Itoa(int(st.Size())))
 	// If a download parameter is included in the URL go ahead and attach the necessary headers
 	// so that the file can be downloaded.
 	if c.Query("download") != "" {
-		c.Header("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename="+st.Info.Name())
+		c.Header("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename="+strconv.Quote(st.Name()))
 		c.Header("Content-Type", "application/octet-stream")
 	}
-
-	bufio.NewReader(f).WriteTo(c.Writer)
+	defer c.Writer.Flush()
+	// If you don't do a limited reader here you will trigger a panic on write when
+	// a different server process writes content to the file after you've already
+	// determined the file size. This could lead to some weird content output but
+	// it would technically be accurate based on the content at the time of the request.
+	//
+	// "http: wrote more than the declared Content-Length"
+	//
+	// @see https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/issues/3131
+	r := io.LimitReader(f, st.Size())
+	if _, err = bufio.NewReader(r).WriteTo(c.Writer); err != nil {
+		// Pretty sure this will unleash chaos on the response, but its a risk we can
+		// take since a panic will at least be recovered and this should be incredibly
+		// rare?
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
 }
 
 // Returns the contents of a directory for a server.
 func getServerListDirectory(c *gin.Context) {
-	s := GetServer(c.Param("server"))
-
-	d, err := url.QueryUnescape(c.Query("directory"))
-	if err != nil {
-		TrackedServerError(err, s).AbortWithServerError(c)
-		return
-	}
-
-	stats, err := s.Filesystem.ListDirectory(d)
-	if err != nil {
-		TrackedServerError(err, s).AbortWithServerError(c)
-		return
-	}
-
+	s := ExtractServer(c)
+	dir := c.Query("directory")
+	if stats, err := s.Filesystem().ListDirectory(dir); err != nil {
+		WithError(c, err)
+	} else {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, stats)
 	}
+}
 
-// Renames (or moves) a file for a server.
-func putServerRenameFile(c *gin.Context) {
-	s := GetServer(c.Param("server"))
+type renameFile struct {
+	To   string `json:"to"`
+	From string `json:"from"`
+}
+
+// Renames (or moves) files for a server.
+func putServerRenameFiles(c *gin.Context) {
+	s := ExtractServer(c)
 
 	var data struct {
-		RenameFrom string `json:"rename_from"`
-		RenameTo   string `json:"rename_to"`
+		Root  string       `json:"root"`
+		Files []renameFile `json:"files"`
 	}
 	// BindJSON sends 400 if the request fails, all we need to do is return
 	if err := c.BindJSON(&data); err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 
-	if data.RenameFrom == "" || data.RenameTo == "" {
+	if len(data.Files) == 0 {
 		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusUnprocessableEntity, gin.H{
-			"error": "Invalid paths were provided, did you forget to provide both a new and old path?",
+			"error": "No files to move or rename were provided.",
 		})
 		return
 	}
 
-	if err := s.Filesystem.Rename(data.RenameFrom, data.RenameTo); err != nil {
-		TrackedServerError(err, s).AbortWithServerError(c)
+	g, ctx := errgroup.WithContext(c.Request.Context())
+	// Loop over the array of files passed in and perform the move or rename action against each.
+	for _, p := range data.Files {
+		pf := path.Join(data.Root, p.From)
+		pt := path.Join(data.Root, p.To)
+
+		g.Go(func() error {
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return ctx.Err()
+			default:
+				fs := s.Filesystem()
+				// Ignore renames on a file that is on the denylist (both as the rename from or
+				// the rename to value).
+				if err := fs.IsIgnored(pf, pt); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				if err := fs.Rename(pf, pt); err != nil {
+					// Return nil if the error is an is not exists.
+					// NOTE: os.IsNotExist() does not work if the error is wrapped.
+					if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+						return nil
+					}
+					return err
+				}
+				return nil
+			}
+		})
+	}
+
+	if err := g.Wait(); err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrExist) {
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
+				"error": "Cannot move or rename file, destination already exists.",
+			})
+			return
+		}
+
+		NewServerError(err, s).AbortFilesystemError(c)
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -111,7 +145,7 @@ func putServerRenameFile(c *gin.Context) {
 
 // Copies a server file.
 func postServerCopyFile(c *gin.Context) {
-	s := GetServer(c.Param("server"))
+	s := ExtractServer(c)
 
 	var data struct {
 		Location string `json:"location"`
@@ -121,28 +155,57 @@ func postServerCopyFile(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	if err := s.Filesystem.Copy(data.Location); err != nil {
-		TrackedServerError(err, s).AbortWithServerError(c)
+	if err := s.Filesystem().IsIgnored(data.Location); err != nil {
+		NewServerError(err, s).Abort(c)
+		return
+	}
+	if err := s.Filesystem().Copy(data.Location); err != nil {
+		NewServerError(err, s).AbortFilesystemError(c)
 		return
 	}
 
 	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
 }
 
-// Deletes a server file.
-func postServerDeleteFile(c *gin.Context) {
-	s := GetServer(c.Param("server"))
+// Deletes files from a server.
+func postServerDeleteFiles(c *gin.Context) {
+	s := ExtractServer(c)
 
 	var data struct {
-		Location string `json:"location"`
+		Root  string   `json:"root"`
+		Files []string `json:"files"`
 	}
-	// BindJSON sends 400 if the request fails, all we need to do is return
+
 	if err := c.BindJSON(&data); err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 
-	if err := s.Filesystem.Delete(data.Location); err != nil {
-		TrackedServerError(err, s).AbortWithServerError(c)
+	if len(data.Files) == 0 {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusUnprocessableEntity, gin.H{
+			"error": "No files were specified for deletion.",
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	g, ctx := errgroup.WithContext(context.Background())
+
+	// Loop over the array of files passed in and delete them. If any of the file deletions
+	// fail just abort the process entirely.
+	for _, p := range data.Files {
+		pi := path.Join(data.Root, p)
+
+		g.Go(func() error {
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return ctx.Err()
+			default:
+				return s.Filesystem().Delete(pi)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+
+	if err := g.Wait(); err != nil {
+		NewServerError(err, s).Abort(c)
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -151,26 +214,108 @@ func postServerDeleteFile(c *gin.Context) {
 
 // Writes the contents of the request to a file on a server.
 func postServerWriteFile(c *gin.Context) {
-	s := GetServer(c.Param("server"))
+	s := ExtractServer(c)
 
-	f, err := url.QueryUnescape(c.Query("file"))
-	if err != nil {
-		TrackedServerError(err, s).AbortWithServerError(c)
-		return
-	}
+	f := c.Query("file")
 	f = "/" + strings.TrimLeft(f, "/")
 
-	if err := s.Filesystem.Writefile(f, c.Request.Body); err != nil {
-		TrackedServerError(err, s).AbortWithServerError(c)
+	if err := s.Filesystem().IsIgnored(f); err != nil {
+		NewServerError(err, s).Abort(c)
+		return
+	}
+	if err := s.Filesystem().Writefile(f, c.Request.Body); err != nil {
+		if filesystem.IsErrorCode(err, filesystem.ErrCodeIsDirectory) {
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
+				"error": "Cannot write file, name conflicts with an existing directory by the same name.",
+			})
+			return
+		}
+
+		NewServerError(err, s).AbortFilesystemError(c)
 		return
 	}
 
 	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
 }
 
+// Returns all of the currently in-progress file downloads and their current download
+// progress. The progress is also pushed out via a websocket event allowing you to just
+// call this once to get current downloads, and then listen to targeted websocket events
+// with the current progress for everything.
+func getServerPullingFiles(c *gin.Context) {
+	s := ExtractServer(c)
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
+		"downloads": downloader.ByServer(s.Id()),
+	})
+}
+
+// Writes the contents of the remote URL to a file on a server.
+func postServerPullRemoteFile(c *gin.Context) {
+	s := ExtractServer(c)
+	var data struct {
+		URL       string `binding:"required" json:"url"`
+		Directory string `binding:"required,omitempty" json:"directory"`
+	}
+	if err := c.BindJSON(&data); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	u, err := url.Parse(data.URL)
+	if err != nil {
+		if e, ok := err.(*url.Error); ok {
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
+				"error": "An error occurred while parsing that URL: " + e.Err.Error(),
+			})
+			return
+		}
+		WithError(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := s.Filesystem().HasSpaceErr(true); err != nil {
+		WithError(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	// Do not allow more than three simultaneous remote file downloads at one time.
+	if len(downloader.ByServer(s.Id())) >= 3 {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
+			"error": "This server has reached its limit of 3 simultaneous remote file downloads at once. Please wait for one to complete before trying again.",
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	dl := downloader.New(s, downloader.DownloadRequest{
+		URL:       u,
+		Directory: data.Directory,
+	})
+
+	// Execute this pull in a seperate thread since it may take a long time to complete.
+	go func() {
+		s.Log().WithField("download_id", dl.Identifier).WithField("url", u.String()).Info("starting pull of remote file to disk")
+		if err := dl.Execute(); err != nil {
+			s.Log().WithField("download_id", dl.Identifier).WithField("error", err).Error("failed to pull remote file")
+		} else {
+			s.Log().WithField("download_id", dl.Identifier).Info("completed pull of remote file")
+		}
+	}()
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusAccepted, gin.H{
+		"identifier": dl.Identifier,
+	})
+}
+
+// Stops a remote file download if it exists and belongs to this server.
+func deleteServerPullRemoteFile(c *gin.Context) {
+	s := ExtractServer(c)
+	if dl := downloader.ByID(c.Param("download")); dl != nil && dl.BelongsTo(s) {
+		dl.Cancel()
+	}
+	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
 // Create a directory on a server.
 func postServerCreateDirectory(c *gin.Context) {
-	s := GetServer(c.Param("server"))
+	s := ExtractServer(c)
 
 	var data struct {
 		Name string `json:"name"`
@@ -181,10 +326,243 @@ func postServerCreateDirectory(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	if err := s.Filesystem.CreateDirectory(data.Name, data.Path); err != nil {
-		TrackedServerError(err, s).AbortWithServerError(c)
+	if err := s.Filesystem().CreateDirectory(data.Name, data.Path); err != nil {
+		if err.Error() == "not a directory" {
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
+				"error": "Part of the path being created is not a directory (ENOTDIR).",
+			})
+			return
+		}
+
+		NewServerError(err, s).Abort(c)
 		return
 	}
 
 	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
 }
+
+func postServerCompressFiles(c *gin.Context) {
+	s := ExtractServer(c)
+
+	var data struct {
+		RootPath string   `json:"root"`
+		Files    []string `json:"files"`
+	}
+
+	if err := c.BindJSON(&data); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if len(data.Files) == 0 {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusUnprocessableEntity, gin.H{
+			"error": "No files were passed through to be compressed.",
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	if !s.Filesystem().HasSpaceAvailable(true) {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusConflict, gin.H{
+			"error": "This server does not have enough available disk space to generate a compressed archive.",
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	f, err := s.Filesystem().CompressFiles(data.RootPath, data.Files)
+	if err != nil {
+		NewServerError(err, s).AbortFilesystemError(c)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, &filesystem.Stat{
+		FileInfo: f,
+		Mimetype: "application/tar+gzip",
+	})
+}
+
+// postServerDecompressFiles receives the HTTP request and starts the process
+// of unpacking an archive that exists on the server into the provided RootPath
+// for the server.
+func postServerDecompressFiles(c *gin.Context) {
+	var data struct {
+		RootPath string `json:"root"`
+		File     string `json:"file"`
+	}
+	if err := c.BindJSON(&data); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	s := middleware.ExtractServer(c)
+	lg := middleware.ExtractLogger(c).WithFields(log.Fields{"root_path": data.RootPath, "file": data.File})
+	lg.Debug("checking if space is available for file decompression")
+	err := s.Filesystem().SpaceAvailableForDecompression(data.RootPath, data.File)
+	if err != nil {
+		if filesystem.IsErrorCode(err, filesystem.ErrCodeUnknownArchive) {
+			lg.WithField("error", err).Warn("failed to decompress file: unknown archive format")
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "The archive provided is in a format Wings does not understand."})
+			return
+		}
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	lg.Info("starting file decompression")
+	if err := s.Filesystem().DecompressFile(data.RootPath, data.File); err != nil {
+		// If the file is busy for some reason just return a nicer error to the user since there is not
+		// much we specifically can do. They'll need to stop the running server process in order to overwrite
+		// a file like this.
+		if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "text file busy") {
+			lg.WithField("error", errors.WithStackIf(err)).Warn("failed to decompress file: text file busy")
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
+				"error": "One or more files this archive is attempting to overwrite are currently in use by another process. Please try again.",
+			})
+			return
+		}
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+type chmodFile struct {
+	File string `json:"file"`
+	Mode string `json:"mode"`
+}
+
+var errInvalidFileMode = errors.New("invalid file mode")
+
+func postServerChmodFile(c *gin.Context) {
+	s := ExtractServer(c)
+
+	var data struct {
+		Root  string      `json:"root"`
+		Files []chmodFile `json:"files"`
+	}
+
+	if err := c.BindJSON(&data); err != nil {
+		log.Debug(err.Error())
+		return
+	}
+
+	if len(data.Files) == 0 {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusUnprocessableEntity, gin.H{
+			"error": "No files to chmod were provided.",
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	g, ctx := errgroup.WithContext(context.Background())
+
+	// Loop over the array of files passed in and perform the move or rename action against each.
+	for _, p := range data.Files {
+		g.Go(func() error {
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return ctx.Err()
+			default:
+				mode, err := strconv.ParseUint(p.Mode, 8, 32)
+				if err != nil {
+					return errInvalidFileMode
+				}
+
+				if err := s.Filesystem().Chmod(path.Join(data.Root, p.File), os.FileMode(mode)); err != nil {
+					// Return nil if the error is an is not exists.
+					// NOTE: os.IsNotExist() does not work if the error is wrapped.
+					if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+						return nil
+					}
+
+					return err
+				}
+
+				return nil
+			}
+		})
+	}
+
+	if err := g.Wait(); err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, errInvalidFileMode) {
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
+				"error": "Invalid file mode.",
+			})
+			return
+		}
+
+		NewServerError(err, s).AbortFilesystemError(c)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+func postServerUploadFiles(c *gin.Context) {
+	manager := middleware.ExtractManager(c)
+
+	token := tokens.UploadPayload{}
+	if err := tokens.ParseToken([]byte(c.Query("token")), &token); err != nil {
+		NewTrackedError(err).Abort(c)
+		return
+	}
+
+	s, ok := manager.Get(token.ServerUuid)
+	if !ok || !token.IsUniqueRequest() {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{
+			"error": "The requested resource was not found on this server.",
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	form, err := c.MultipartForm()
+	if err != nil {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
+			"error": "Failed to get multipart form data from request.",
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	headers, ok := form.File["files"]
+	if !ok {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
+			"error": "No files were found on the request body.",
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	directory := c.Query("directory")
+
+	var totalSize int64
+	for _, header := range headers {
+		totalSize += header.Size
+	}
+
+	for _, header := range headers {
+		p, err := s.Filesystem().SafePath(filepath.Join(directory, header.Filename))
+		if err != nil {
+			NewServerError(err, s).Abort(c)
+			return
+		}
+
+		// We run this in a different method so I can use defer without any of
+		// the consequences caused by calling it in a loop.
+		if err := handleFileUpload(p, s, header); err != nil {
+			NewServerError(err, s).Abort(c)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func handleFileUpload(p string, s *server.Server, header *multipart.FileHeader) error {
+	file, err := header.Open()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer file.Close()
+
+	if err := s.Filesystem().IsIgnored(p); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := s.Filesystem().Writefile(p, file); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

router/router_server_ws.go

@@ -3,17 +3,21 @@ package router
 import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"time"
+
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	ws "github.com/gorilla/websocket"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/middleware"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/websocket"
 )
 
 // Upgrades a connection to a websocket and passes events along between.
 func getServerWebsocket(c *gin.Context) {
-	s := GetServer(c.Param("server"))
+	manager := middleware.ExtractManager(c)
+	s, _ := manager.Get(c.Param("server"))
 	handler, err := websocket.GetHandler(s, c.Writer, c.Request)
 	if err != nil {
-		TrackedServerError(err, s).AbortWithServerError(c)
+		NewServerError(err, s).Abort(c)
 		return
 	}
 	defer handler.Connection.Close()
@@ -23,6 +27,28 @@ func getServerWebsocket(c *gin.Context) {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	defer cancel()
 
+	// Track this open connection on the server so that we can close them all programmatically
+	// if the server is deleted.
+	s.Websockets().Push(handler.Uuid(), &cancel)
+	defer s.Websockets().Remove(handler.Uuid())
+
+	// Listen for the context being canceled and then close the websocket connection. This normally
+	// just happens because you're disconnecting from the socket in the browser, however in some
+	// cases we close the connections programmatically (e.g. deleting the server) and need to send
+	// a close message to the websocket so it disconnects.
+	go func(ctx context.Context, c *ws.Conn) {
+	ListenerLoop:
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				handler.Connection.WriteControl(ws.CloseMessage, ws.FormatCloseMessage(ws.CloseGoingAway, "server deleted"), time.Now().Add(time.Second*5))
+				// A break right here without defining the specific loop would only break the select
+				// and not actually break the for loop, thus causing this routine to stick around forever.
+				break ListenerLoop
+			}
+		}
+	}(ctx, handler.Connection)
+
 	go handler.ListenForServerEvents(ctx)
 	go handler.ListenForExpiration(ctx)
 
@@ -51,8 +77,10 @@ func getServerWebsocket(c *gin.Context) {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		if err := handler.HandleInbound(j); err != nil {
-			handler.SendErrorJson(j, err)
-		}
+		go func(msg websocket.Message) {
+			if err := handler.HandleInbound(msg); err != nil {
+				handler.SendErrorJson(msg, err)
+			}
+		}(j)
 	}
 }

router/router_system.go

@@ -2,21 +2,23 @@ package router
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+
 	"github.com/apex/log"
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/installer"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/middleware"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
-	"net/http"
-	"strings"
 )
 
 // Returns information about the system that wings is running on.
 func getSystemInformation(c *gin.Context) {
 	i, err := system.GetSystemInformation()
 	if err != nil {
-		TrackedError(err).AbortWithServerError(c)
+		NewTrackedError(err).Abort(c)
 
 		return
 	}
@@ -27,16 +29,22 @@ func getSystemInformation(c *gin.Context) {
 // Returns all of the servers that are registered and configured correctly on
 // this wings instance.
 func getAllServers(c *gin.Context) {
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, server.GetServers().All())
+	servers := middleware.ExtractManager(c).All()
+	out := make([]server.APIResponse, len(servers), len(servers))
+	for i, v := range servers {
+		out[i] = v.ToAPIResponse()
+	}
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, out)
 }
 
 // Creates a new server on the wings daemon and begins the installation process
 // for it.
 func postCreateServer(c *gin.Context) {
+	manager := middleware.ExtractManager(c)
 	buf := bytes.Buffer{}
 	buf.ReadFrom(c.Request.Body)
 
-	install, err := installer.New(buf.Bytes())
+	install, err := installer.New(c.Request.Context(), manager, buf.Bytes())
 	if err != nil {
 		if installer.IsValidationError(err) {
 			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusUnprocessableEntity, gin.H{
@@ -45,21 +53,25 @@ func postCreateServer(c *gin.Context) {
 			return
 		}
 
-		TrackedError(err).AbortWithServerError(c)
+		middleware.CaptureAndAbort(c, err)
 		return
 	}
 
 	// Plop that server instance onto the request so that it can be referenced in
 	// requests from here-on out.
-	server.GetServers().Add(install.Server())
+	manager.Add(install.Server())
 
 	// Begin the installation process in the background to not block the request
 	// cycle. If there are any errors they will be logged and communicated back
 	// to the Panel where a reinstall may take place.
 	go func(i *installer.Installer) {
-		i.Execute()
+		err := i.Server().CreateEnvironment()
+		if err != nil {
+			i.Server().Log().WithField("error", err).Error("failed to create server environment during install process")
+			return
+		}
 
-		if err := i.Server().Install(); err != nil {
+		if err := i.Server().Install(false); err != nil {
 			log.WithFields(log.Fields{"server": i.Uuid(), "error": err}).Error("failed to run install process for server")
 		}
 	}(install)
@@ -67,37 +79,29 @@ func postCreateServer(c *gin.Context) {
 	c.Status(http.StatusAccepted)
 }
 
-// Updates the running configuration for this daemon instance.
+// Updates the running configuration for this Wings instance.
 func postUpdateConfiguration(c *gin.Context) {
-	// A backup of the configuration for error purposes.
-	ccopy := *config.Get()
-	// A copy of the configuration we're using to bind the data recevied into.
-	cfg := *config.Get()
-
-	// BindJSON sends 400 if the request fails, all we need to do is return
+	cfg := config.Get()
 	if err := c.BindJSON(&cfg); err != nil {
 		return
 	}
-
 	// Keep the SSL certificates the same since the Panel will send through Lets Encrypt
 	// default locations. However, if we picked a different location manually we don't
 	// want to override that.
 	//
 	// If you pass through manual locations in the API call this logic will be skipped.
 	if strings.HasPrefix(cfg.Api.Ssl.KeyFile, "/etc/letsencrypt/live/") {
-		cfg.Api.Ssl.KeyFile = ccopy.Api.Ssl.KeyFile
-		cfg.Api.Ssl.CertificateFile = ccopy.Api.Ssl.CertificateFile
+		cfg.Api.Ssl.KeyFile = strings.ToLower(config.Get().Api.Ssl.KeyFile)
+		cfg.Api.Ssl.CertificateFile = strings.ToLower(config.Get().Api.Ssl.CertificateFile)
 	}
-
-	config.Set(&cfg)
-	if err := config.Get().WriteToDisk(); err != nil {
-		// If there was an error writing to the disk, revert back to the configuration we had
-		// before this code was run.
-		config.Set(&ccopy)
-
-		TrackedError(err).AbortWithServerError(c)
+	// Try to write this new configuration to the disk before updating our global
+	// state with it.
+	if err := config.WriteToDisk(cfg); err != nil {
+		WithError(c, err)
 		return
 	}
-
+	// Since we wrote it to the disk successfully now update the global configuration
+	// state to use this new configuration struct.
+	config.Set(cfg)
 	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
 }

router/router_transfer.go

@@ -2,29 +2,61 @@ package router
 
 import (
 	"bufio"
-	"bytes"
+	"context"
 	"crypto/sha256"
 	"encoding/hex"
-	"errors"
-	"github.com/buger/jsonparser"
-	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-	"github.com/mholt/archiver/v3"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/api"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/installer"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/tokens"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
-	"go.uber.org/zap"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"io/ioutil"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
+	"github.com/juju/ratelimit"
+	"github.com/mholt/archiver/v3"
+	"github.com/mitchellh/colorstring"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/installer"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/remote"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/middleware"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/tokens"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server/filesystem"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
 )
 
+// Number of ticks in the progress bar
+const ticks = 25
+
+// 100% / number of ticks = percentage represented by each tick
+const tickPercentage = 100 / ticks
+
+type downloadProgress struct {
+	size     int64
+	progress int64
+}
+
+// Data passed over to initiate a server transfer.
+type serverTransferRequest struct {
+	ServerID string          `binding:"required" json:"server_id"`
+	URL      string          `binding:"required" json:"url"`
+	Token    string          `binding:"required" json:"token"`
+	Server   json.RawMessage `json:"server"`
+}
+
+func getArchivePath(sID string) string {
+	return filepath.Join(config.Get().System.ArchiveDirectory, sID+".tar.gz")
+}
+
+// Returns the archive for a server so that it can be transferred to a new node.
 func getServerArchive(c *gin.Context) {
 	auth := strings.SplitN(c.GetHeader("Authorization"), " ", 2)
 
@@ -38,111 +70,81 @@ func getServerArchive(c *gin.Context) {
 
 	token := tokens.TransferPayload{}
 	if err := tokens.ParseToken([]byte(auth[1]), &token); err != nil {
-		TrackedError(err).AbortWithServerError(c)
+		NewTrackedError(err).Abort(c)
 		return
 	}
 
-	if token.Subject != c.Param("server") {
+	s := ExtractServer(c)
+	if token.Subject != s.Id() {
 		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusForbidden, gin.H{
-			"error": "( .. •˘___˘• .. )",
+			"error": "Missing required token subject, or subject is not valid for the requested server.",
 		})
 		return
 	}
 
-	s := GetServer(c.Param("server"))
+	archivePath := getArchivePath(s.Id())
 
-	st, err := s.Archiver.Stat()
+	// Stat the archive file.
+	st, err := os.Lstat(archivePath)
 	if err != nil {
-		if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
-			TrackedServerError(err, s).SetMessage("failed to stat archive").AbortWithServerError(c)
+		if !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			_ = WithError(c, err)
 			return
 		}
-
 		c.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusNotFound)
 		return
 	}
 
-	checksum, err := s.Archiver.Checksum()
+	// Compute sha1 checksum.
+	h := sha256.New()
+	f, err := os.Open(archivePath)
 	if err != nil {
-		TrackedServerError(err, s).SetMessage("failed to calculate checksum").AbortWithServerError(c)
 		return
 	}
-
-	file, err := os.Open(s.Archiver.ArchivePath())
-	if err != nil {
-		tserr := TrackedServerError(err, s)
-		if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
-			tserr.SetMessage("failed to open archive for reading")
-		} else {
-			tserr.SetMessage("failed to open archive")
-		}
-
-		tserr.AbortWithServerError(c)
+	if _, err := io.Copy(h, bufio.NewReader(f)); err != nil {
+		_ = f.Close()
+		_ = WithError(c, err)
 		return
 	}
-	defer file.Close()
+	if err := f.Close(); err != nil {
+		_ = WithError(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	checksum := hex.EncodeToString(h.Sum(nil))
+
+	// Stream the file to the client.
+	f, err = os.Open(archivePath)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = WithError(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
 
 	c.Header("X-Checksum", checksum)
-	c.Header("X-Mime-Type", st.Mimetype)
-	c.Header("Content-Length", strconv.Itoa(int(st.Info.Size())))
-	c.Header("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename="+s.Archiver.ArchiveName())
+	c.Header("X-Mime-Type", "application/tar+gzip")
+	c.Header("Content-Length", strconv.Itoa(int(st.Size())))
+	c.Header("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename="+strconv.Quote(s.Id()+".tar.gz"))
 	c.Header("Content-Type", "application/octet-stream")
 
-	bufio.NewReader(file).WriteTo(c.Writer)
+	_, _ = bufio.NewReader(f).WriteTo(c.Writer)
 }
 
 func postServerArchive(c *gin.Context) {
-	s := GetServer(c.Param("server"))
+	s := middleware.ExtractServer(c)
+	manager := middleware.ExtractManager(c)
 
-	go func(server *server.Server) {
-		start := time.Now()
+	go func(s *server.Server) {
+		l := log.WithField("server", s.Id())
 
-		if err := server.Archiver.Archive(); err != nil {
-			zap.S().Errorw("failed to get archive for server", zap.String("server", s.Uuid), zap.Error(err))
-			return
+		// This function automatically adds the Source Node prefix and Timestamp to the log
+		// output before sending it over the websocket.
+		sendTransferLog := func(data string) {
+			output := colorstring.Color(fmt.Sprintf("[yellow][bold]%s [Pterodactyl Transfer System] [Source Node]:[default] %s", time.Now().Format(time.RFC1123), data))
+			s.Events().Publish(server.TransferLogsEvent, output)
 		}
 
-		zap.S().Debugw(
-			"successfully created archive for server",
-			zap.String("server", server.Uuid),
-			zap.Duration("time", time.Now().Sub(start).Round(time.Microsecond)),
-		)
-
-		r := api.NewRequester()
-		rerr, err := r.SendArchiveStatus(server.Uuid, true)
-		if rerr != nil || err != nil {
-			if err != nil {
-				zap.S().Errorw("failed to notify panel with archive status", zap.String("server", server.Uuid), zap.Error(err))
-				return
-			}
-
-			zap.S().Errorw(
-				"panel returned an error when sending the archive status",
-				zap.String("server", server.Uuid),
-				zap.Error(errors.New(rerr.String())),
-			)
-			return
-		}
-
-		zap.S().Debugw("successfully notified panel about archive status", zap.String("server", server.Uuid))
-	}(s)
-
-	c.Status(http.StatusAccepted)
-}
-
-func postTransfer(c *gin.Context) {
-	zap.S().Debug("incoming transfer from panel")
-
-	buf := bytes.Buffer{}
-	buf.ReadFrom(c.Request.Body)
-
-	go func(data []byte) {
-		serverID, _ := jsonparser.GetString(data, "server_id")
-		url, _ := jsonparser.GetString(data, "url")
-		token, _ := jsonparser.GetString(data, "token")
-
-		// Create an http client with no timeout.
-		client := &http.Client{Timeout: 0}
+		s.Events().Publish(server.TransferStatusEvent, "starting")
+		sendTransferLog("Attempting to archive server...")
 
 		hasError := true
 		defer func() {
@@ -150,140 +152,346 @@ func postTransfer(c *gin.Context) {
 				return
 			}
 
-			zap.S().Errorw("server transfer has failed", zap.String("server", serverID))
-			rerr, err := api.NewRequester().SendTransferFailure(serverID)
-			if rerr != nil || err != nil {
-				if err != nil {
-					zap.S().Errorw("failed to notify panel with transfer failure", zap.String("server", serverID), zap.Error(err))
+			// Mark the server as not being transferred so it can actually be used.
+			s.SetTransferring(false)
+			s.Events().Publish(server.TransferStatusEvent, "failure")
+
+			sendTransferLog("Attempting to notify panel of archive failure..")
+			if err := manager.Client().SetArchiveStatus(s.Context(), s.Id(), false); err != nil {
+				if !remote.IsRequestError(err) {
+					sendTransferLog("Failed to notify panel of archive failure: " + err.Error())
+					l.WithField("error", err).Error("failed to notify panel of failed archive status")
 					return
 				}
 
-				zap.S().Errorw("panel returned an error when notifying of a transfer failure", zap.String("server", serverID), zap.Error(errors.New(rerr.String())))
+				sendTransferLog("Panel returned an error while notifying it of a failed archive: " + err.Error())
+				l.WithField("error", err.Error()).Error("panel returned an error when notifying it of a failed archive status")
 				return
 			}
 
-			zap.S().Debugw("successfully notified panel about transfer failure", zap.String("server", serverID))
+			sendTransferLog("Successfully notified panel of failed archive status")
+			l.Info("successfully notified panel of failed archive status")
 		}()
 
-		// Make a new GET request to the URL the panel gave us.
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", url, nil)
-		if err != nil {
-			zap.S().Errorw("failed to create http request", zap.Error(err))
+		// Mark the server as transferring to prevent problems.
+		s.SetTransferring(true)
+
+		// Ensure the server is offline. Sometimes a "No such container" error gets through
+		// which means the server is already stopped. We can ignore that.
+		if err := s.Environment.WaitForStop(60, false); err != nil && !strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(err.Error()), "no such container") {
+			sendTransferLog("Failed to stop server, aborting transfer..")
+			l.WithField("error", err).Error("failed to stop server")
 			return
 		}
 
-		// Add the authorization header.
-		req.Header.Set("Authorization", token)
+		// Create an archive of the entire server's data directory.
+		a := &filesystem.Archive{
+			BasePath: s.Filesystem().Path(),
+		}
 
-		// Execute the http request.
-		res, err := client.Do(req)
+		// Attempt to get an archive of the server.
+		if err := a.Create(getArchivePath(s.Id())); err != nil {
+			sendTransferLog("An error occurred while archiving the server: " + err.Error())
+			l.WithField("error", err).Error("failed to get transfer archive for server")
+			return
+		}
+
+		sendTransferLog("Successfully created archive, attempting to notify panel..")
+		l.Info("successfully created server transfer archive, notifying panel..")
+
+		if err := manager.Client().SetArchiveStatus(s.Context(), s.Id(), true); err != nil {
+			if !remote.IsRequestError(err) {
+				sendTransferLog("Failed to notify panel of archive success: " + err.Error())
+				l.WithField("error", err).Error("failed to notify panel of successful archive status")
+				return
+			}
+
+			sendTransferLog("Panel returned an error while notifying it of a successful archive: " + err.Error())
+			l.WithField("error", err.Error()).Error("panel returned an error when notifying it of a successful archive status")
+			return
+		}
+
+		hasError = false
+
+		// This log may not be displayed by the client due to the status event being sent before or at the same time.
+		sendTransferLog("Successfully notified panel of successful archive status")
+
+		l.Info("successfully notified panel of successful transfer archive status")
+		s.Events().Publish(server.TransferStatusEvent, "archived")
+	}(s)
+
+	c.Status(http.StatusAccepted)
+}
+
+func (w *downloadProgress) Write(v []byte) (int, error) {
+	n := len(v)
+	atomic.AddInt64(&w.progress, int64(n))
+	return n, nil
+}
+
+// Log helper function to attach all errors and info output to a consistently formatted
+// log string for easier querying.
+func (str serverTransferRequest) log() *log.Entry {
+	return log.WithField("subsystem", "transfers").WithField("server_id", str.ServerID)
+}
+
+// Downloads an archive from the machine that the server currently lives on.
+func (str serverTransferRequest) downloadArchive() (*http.Response, error) {
+	client := http.Client{Timeout: 0}
+	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, str.URL, nil)
 	if err != nil {
-			zap.S().Errorw("failed to send http request", zap.Error(err))
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Authorization", str.Token)
+	res, err := client.Do(req) // lgtm [go/request-forgery]
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return res, nil
+}
+
+// Returns the path to the local archive on the system.
+func (str serverTransferRequest) path() string {
+	return getArchivePath(str.ServerID)
+}
+
+// Creates the archive location on this machine by first checking that the required file
+// does not already exist. If it does exist, the file is deleted and then re-created as
+// an empty file.
+func (str serverTransferRequest) createArchiveFile() (*os.File, error) {
+	p := str.path()
+	if _, err := os.Stat(p); err != nil {
+		if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	} else if err := os.Remove(p); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return os.Create(p)
+}
+
+// Deletes the archive from the local filesystem. This is executed as a deferred function.
+func (str serverTransferRequest) removeArchivePath() {
+	p := str.path()
+	str.log().Debug("deleting temporary transfer archive")
+	if err := os.Remove(p); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		str.log().WithField("path", p).WithField("error", err).Error("failed to delete temporary transfer archive file")
+		return
+	}
+	str.log().Debug("deleted temporary transfer archive successfully")
+}
+
+// Verifies that the SHA-256 checksum of the file on the local filesystem matches the
+// expected value from the transfer request. The string value returned is the computed
+// checksum on the system.
+func (str serverTransferRequest) verifyChecksum(matches string) (bool, string, error) {
+	f, err := os.Open(str.path())
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, "", err
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+	h := sha256.New()
+	if _, err := io.Copy(h, bufio.NewReader(f)); err != nil {
+		return false, "", err
+	}
+	checksum := hex.EncodeToString(h.Sum(nil))
+	return checksum == matches, checksum, nil
+}
+
+// Sends a notification to the Panel letting it know what the status of this transfer is.
+func (str serverTransferRequest) sendTransferStatus(client remote.Client, successful bool) error {
+	lg := str.log().WithField("transfer_successful", successful)
+	lg.Info("notifying Panel of server transfer state")
+	if err := client.SetTransferStatus(context.Background(), str.ServerID, successful); err != nil {
+		lg.WithField("error", err).Error("error notifying panel of transfer state")
+		return err
+	}
+	lg.Debug("notified panel of transfer state")
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Initiates a transfer between two nodes for a server by downloading an archive from the
+// remote node and then applying the server details to this machine.
+func postTransfer(c *gin.Context) {
+	var data serverTransferRequest
+	if err := c.BindJSON(&data); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	manager := middleware.ExtractManager(c)
+	u, err := uuid.Parse(data.ServerID)
+	if err != nil {
+		WithError(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	// Force the server ID to be a valid UUID string at this point. If it is not an error
+	// is returned to the caller. This limits injection vulnerabilities that would cause
+	// the str.path() function to return a location not within the server archive directory.
+	data.ServerID = u.String()
+
+	data.log().Info("handling incoming server transfer request")
+	go func(data *serverTransferRequest) {
+		hasError := true
+
+		// Create a new server installer. This will only configure the environment and not
+		// run the installer scripts.
+		i, err := installer.New(context.Background(), manager, data.Server)
+		if err != nil {
+			_ = data.sendTransferStatus(manager.Client(), false)
+			data.log().WithField("error", err).Error("failed to validate received server data")
+			return
+		}
+
+		// This function automatically adds the Target Node prefix and Timestamp to the log output before sending it
+		// over the websocket.
+		sendTransferLog := func(data string) {
+			output := colorstring.Color(fmt.Sprintf("[yellow][bold]%s [Pterodactyl Transfer System] [Target Node]:[default] %s", time.Now().Format(time.RFC1123), data))
+			i.Server().Events().Publish(server.TransferLogsEvent, output)
+		}
+
+		// Mark the server as transferring to prevent problems later on during the process and
+		// then push the server into the global server collection for this instance.
+		i.Server().SetTransferring(true)
+		manager.Add(i.Server())
+		defer func(s *server.Server) {
+			// In the event that this transfer call fails, remove the server from the global
+			// server tracking so that we don't have a dangling instance.
+			if err := data.sendTransferStatus(manager.Client(), !hasError); hasError || err != nil {
+				sendTransferLog("Server transfer failed, check Wings logs for additional information.")
+				s.Events().Publish(server.TransferStatusEvent, "failure")
+				manager.Remove(func(match *server.Server) bool {
+					return match.Id() == s.Id()
+				})
+
+				// If the transfer status was successful but the request failed, act like the transfer failed.
+				if !hasError && err != nil {
+					// Delete all extracted files.
+					if err := os.RemoveAll(s.Filesystem().Path()); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+						data.log().WithField("error", err).Warn("failed to delete local server files directory")
+					}
+				}
+			} else {
+				s.SetTransferring(false)
+				s.Events().Publish(server.TransferStatusEvent, "success")
+				sendTransferLog("Transfer completed.")
+			}
+		}(i.Server())
+
+		data.log().Info("downloading server archive from current server node")
+		sendTransferLog("Received incoming transfer from Panel, attempting to download archive from source node...")
+		res, err := data.downloadArchive()
+		if err != nil {
+			sendTransferLog("Failed to retrieve server archive from remote node: " + err.Error())
+			data.log().WithField("error", err).Error("failed to download archive for server transfer")
 			return
 		}
 		defer res.Body.Close()
+		if res.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+			data.log().WithField("error", err).WithField("status", res.StatusCode).Error("unexpected error response from transfer endpoint")
+			return
+		}
 
-		// Handle non-200 status codes.
-		if res.StatusCode != 200 {
-			body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
+		size := res.ContentLength
+		if size == 0 {
+			data.log().WithField("error", err).Error("received an archive response with Content-Length of 0")
+			return
+		}
+		sendTransferLog("Got server archive response from remote node. (Content-Length: " + strconv.Itoa(int(size)) + ")")
+		sendTransferLog("Creating local archive file...")
+		file, err := data.createArchiveFile()
 		if err != nil {
-				zap.S().Errorw("failed to read response body", zap.Int("status", res.StatusCode), zap.Error(err))
+			data.log().WithField("error", err).Error("failed to create archive file on local filesystem")
 			return
 		}
 
-			zap.S().Errorw("failed to request server archive", zap.Int("status", res.StatusCode), zap.String("body", string(body)))
-			return
-		}
-
-		// Get the path to the archive.
-		archivePath := filepath.Join(config.Get().System.ArchiveDirectory, serverID + ".tar.gz")
-
-		// Check if the archive already exists and delete it if it does.
-		_, err = os.Stat(archivePath)
-		if err != nil {
-			if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
-				zap.S().Errorw("failed to stat file", zap.Error(err))
-				return
-			}
-		} else {
-			if err := os.Remove(archivePath); err != nil {
-				zap.S().Errorw("failed to delete old file", zap.Error(err))
-				return
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Create the file.
-		file, err := os.Create(archivePath)
-		if err != nil {
-			zap.S().Errorw("failed to open file on disk", zap.Error(err))
-			return
-		}
+		sendTransferLog("Writing archive to disk...")
+		data.log().Info("writing transfer archive to disk...")
 
 		// Copy the file.
-		_, err = io.Copy(file, res.Body)
-		if err != nil {
-			zap.S().Errorw("failed to copy file to disk", zap.Error(err))
-			return
+		progress := &downloadProgress{size: size}
+		ticker := time.NewTicker(3 * time.Second)
+		go func(progress *downloadProgress, t *time.Ticker) {
+			for range ticker.C {
+				// p = 100 (Downloaded)
+				// size = 1000 (Content-Length)
+				// p / size = 0.1
+				// * 100 = 10% (Multiply by 100 to get a percentage of the download)
+				// 10% / tickPercentage = (10% / (100 / 25)) (Divide by tick percentage to get the number of ticks)
+				// 2.5 (Number of ticks as a float64)
+				// 2 (convert to an integer)
+				p := atomic.LoadInt64(&progress.progress)
+				// We have to cast these numbers to float in order to get a float result from the division.
+				width := ((float64(p) / float64(size)) * 100) / tickPercentage
+				bar := strings.Repeat("=", int(width)) + strings.Repeat(" ", ticks-int(width))
+				sendTransferLog("Downloading [" + bar + "] " + system.FormatBytes(p) + " / " + system.FormatBytes(progress.size))
+			}
+		}(progress, ticker)
+
+		var reader io.Reader
+		downloadLimit := float64(config.Get().System.Transfers.DownloadLimit) * 1024 * 1024
+		if downloadLimit > 0 {
+			// Wrap the body with a reader that is limited to the defined download limit speed.
+			reader = ratelimit.Reader(res.Body, ratelimit.NewBucketWithRate(downloadLimit, int64(downloadLimit)))
+		} else {
+			reader = res.Body
 		}
 
-		// Close the file so it can be opened to verify the checksum.
+		buf := make([]byte, 1024*4)
+		if _, err := io.CopyBuffer(file, io.TeeReader(reader, progress), buf); err != nil {
+			ticker.Stop()
+			_ = file.Close()
+
+			sendTransferLog("Failed while writing archive file to disk: " + err.Error())
+			data.log().WithField("error", err).Error("failed to copy archive file to disk")
+			return
+		}
+		ticker.Stop()
+
+		// Show 100% completion.
+		humanSize := system.FormatBytes(progress.size)
+		sendTransferLog("Downloading [" + strings.Repeat("=", ticks) + "] " + humanSize + " / " + humanSize)
+
 		if err := file.Close(); err != nil {
-			zap.S().Errorw("failed to close archive file", zap.Error(err))
+			data.log().WithField("error", err).Error("unable to close archive file on local filesystem")
 			return
 		}
-		zap.S().Debug("server archive has been downloaded, computing checksum..", zap.String("server", serverID))
+		data.log().Info("finished writing transfer archive to disk")
+		sendTransferLog("Successfully wrote archive to disk.")
 
-		// Open the archive file for computing a checksum.
-		file, err = os.Open(archivePath)
-		if err != nil {
-			zap.S().Errorw("failed to open file on disk", zap.Error(err))
+		// Whenever the transfer fails or succeeds, delete the temporary transfer archive that
+		// was created on the disk.
+		defer data.removeArchivePath()
+
+		sendTransferLog("Verifying checksum of downloaded archive...")
+		data.log().Info("computing checksum of downloaded archive file")
+		expected := res.Header.Get("X-Checksum")
+		if matches, computed, err := data.verifyChecksum(expected); err != nil {
+			data.log().WithField("error", err).Error("encountered an error while calculating local filesystem archive checksum")
+			return
+		} else if !matches {
+			sendTransferLog("@@@@@ CHECKSUM VERIFICATION FAILED @@@@@")
+			sendTransferLog("  -   Source Checksum: " + expected)
+			sendTransferLog("  - Computed Checksum: " + computed)
+			data.log().WithField("expected_sum", expected).WithField("computed_checksum", computed).Error("checksum mismatch when verifying integrity of local archive")
 			return
 		}
 
-		// Compute the sha256 checksum of the file.
-		hash := sha256.New()
-		if _, err := io.Copy(hash, file); err != nil {
-			zap.S().Errorw("failed to copy file for checksum verification", zap.Error(err))
+		// Create the server's environment.
+		sendTransferLog("Creating server environment, this could take a while..")
+		data.log().Info("creating server environment")
+		if err := i.Server().CreateEnvironment(); err != nil {
+			data.log().WithField("error", err).Error("failed to create server environment")
 			return
 		}
 
-		// Verify the two checksums.
-		if hex.EncodeToString(hash.Sum(nil)) != res.Header.Get("X-Checksum") {
-			zap.S().Errorw("checksum failed verification")
-			return
+		sendTransferLog("Server environment has been created, extracting transfer archive..")
+		data.log().Info("server environment configured, extracting transfer archive")
+		if err := archiver.NewTarGz().Unarchive(data.path(), i.Server().Filesystem().Path()); err != nil {
+			// Un-archiving failed, delete the server's data directory.
+			if err := os.RemoveAll(i.Server().Filesystem().Path()); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+				data.log().WithField("error", err).Warn("failed to delete local server files directory")
 			}
-
-		// Close the file.
-		if err := file.Close(); err != nil {
-			zap.S().Errorw("failed to close archive file", zap.Error(err))
-			return
-		}
-
-		zap.S().Infow("server archive transfer was successful", zap.String("server", serverID))
-
-		// Get the server data from the request.
-		serverData, t, _, _ := jsonparser.Get(data, "server")
-		if t != jsonparser.Object {
-			zap.S().Errorw("invalid server data passed in request")
-			return
-		}
-
-		// Create a new server installer (note this does not execute the install script)
-		i, err := installer.New(serverData)
-		if err != nil {
-			zap.S().Warnw("failed to validate the received server data", zap.Error(err))
-			return
-		}
-
-		// Add the server to the collection.
-		server.GetServers().Add(i.Server())
-
-		// Create the server's environment (note this does not execute the install script)
-		i.Execute()
-
-		// Un-archive the archive. That sounds weird..
-		if err := archiver.NewTarGz().Unarchive(archivePath, i.Server().Filesystem.Path()); err != nil {
-			zap.S().Errorw("failed to extract archive", zap.String("server", serverID), zap.Error(err))
+			data.log().WithField("error", err).Error("failed to extract server archive")
 			return
 		}
 
@@ -294,20 +502,9 @@ func postTransfer(c *gin.Context) {
 		// hiccup or the fix of whatever error causing the success request to fail.
 		hasError = false
 
-		// Notify the panel that the transfer succeeded.
-		rerr, err := api.NewRequester().SendTransferSuccess(serverID)
-		if rerr != nil || err != nil {
-			if err != nil {
-				zap.S().Errorw("failed to notify panel with transfer success", zap.String("server", serverID), zap.Error(err))
-				return
-			}
-
-			zap.S().Errorw("panel returned an error when notifying of a transfer success", zap.String("server", serverID), zap.Error(errors.New(rerr.String())))
-			return
-		}
-
-		zap.S().Debugw("successfully notified panel about transfer success", zap.String("server", serverID))
-	}(buf.Bytes())
+		data.log().Info("archive extracted successfully, notifying Panel of status")
+		sendTransferLog("Archive extracted successfully.")
+	}(&data)
 
 	c.Status(http.StatusAccepted)
 }

router/tokens/backup.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 
 type BackupPayload struct {
 	jwt.Payload
+
 	ServerUuid string `json:"server_uuid"`
 	BackupUuid string `json:"backup_uuid"`
 	UniqueId   string `json:"unique_id"`

router/tokens/upload.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package tokens
+
+import (
+	"github.com/gbrlsnchs/jwt/v3"
+)
+
+type UploadPayload struct {
+	jwt.Payload
+
+	ServerUuid string `json:"server_uuid"`
+	UniqueId   string `json:"unique_id"`
+}
+
+// Returns the JWT payload.
+func (p *UploadPayload) GetPayload() *jwt.Payload {
+	return &p.Payload
+}
+
+// Determines if this JWT is valid for the given request cycle. If the
+// unique ID passed in the token has already been seen before this will
+// return false. This allows us to use this JWT as a one-time token that
+// validates all of the request.
+func (p *UploadPayload) IsUniqueRequest() bool {
+	return getTokenStore().IsValidToken(p.UniqueId)
+}

router/tokens/websocket.go

@@ -2,12 +2,44 @@ package tokens
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
 	"github.com/gbrlsnchs/jwt/v3"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
 )
 
+// The time at which Wings was booted. No JWT's created before this time are allowed to
+// connect to the socket since they may have been marked as denied already and therefore
+// could be invalid at this point.
+//
+// By doing this we make it so that a user who gets disconnected from Wings due to a Wings
+// reboot just needs to request a new token as if their old token had expired naturally.
+var wingsBootTime = time.Now()
+
+// A map that contains any JTI's that have been denied by the Panel and the time at which
+// they were marked as denied. Therefore any JWT with the same JTI and an IssuedTime that
+// is the same as or before this time should be considered invalid.
+//
+// This is used to allow the Panel to revoke tokens en-masse for a given user & server
+// combination since the JTI for tokens is just MD5(user.id + server.uuid). When a server
+// is booted this listing is fetched from the panel and the Websocket is dynamically updated.
+var denylist sync.Map
+
+// Adds a JTI to the denylist by marking any JWTs generated before the current time as
+// being invalid if they use the same JTI.
+func DenyJTI(jti string) {
+	log.WithField("jti", jti).Debugf("adding \"%s\" to JTI denylist", jti)
+
+	denylist.Store(jti, time.Now())
+}
+
+// A JWT payload for Websocket connections. This JWT is passed along to the Websocket after
+// it has been connected to by sending an "auth" event.
 type WebsocketPayload struct {
 	jwt.Payload
+	sync.RWMutex
+
 	UserID      json.Number `json:"user_id"`
 	ServerUUID  string      `json:"server_uuid"`
 	Permissions []string    `json:"permissions"`
@@ -15,16 +47,57 @@ type WebsocketPayload struct {
 
 // Returns the JWT payload.
 func (p *WebsocketPayload) GetPayload() *jwt.Payload {
+	p.RLock()
+	defer p.RUnlock()
+
 	return &p.Payload
 }
 
-// Checks if the given token payload has a permission string.
-func (p *WebsocketPayload) HasPermission(permission string) bool {
-	for _, k := range p.Permissions {
-		if k == permission || (!strings.HasPrefix(permission, "admin") && k == "*") {
+// Returns the UUID of the server associated with this JWT.
+func (p *WebsocketPayload) GetServerUuid() string {
+	p.RLock()
+	defer p.RUnlock()
+
+	return p.ServerUUID
+}
+
+// Check if the JWT has been marked as denied by the instance due to either being issued
+// before Wings was booted, or because we have denied all tokens with the same JTI
+// occurring before a set time.
+func (p *WebsocketPayload) Denylisted() bool {
+	// If there is no IssuedAt present for the token, we cannot validate the token so
+	// just immediately mark it as not valid.
+	if p.IssuedAt == nil {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	// If the time that the token was issued is before the time at which Wings was booted
+	// then the token is invalid for our purposes, even if the token "has permission".
+	if p.IssuedAt.Time.Before(wingsBootTime) {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	// Finally, if the token was issued before a time that is currently denied for this
+	// token instance, ignore the permissions response.
+	if t, ok := denylist.Load(p.JWTID); ok {
+		if p.IssuedAt.Time.Before(t.(time.Time)) {
 			return true
 		}
 	}
 
 	return false
 }
+
+// Checks if the given token payload has a permission string.
+func (p *WebsocketPayload) HasPermission(permission string) bool {
+	p.RLock()
+	defer p.RUnlock()
+
+	for _, k := range p.Permissions {
+		if k == permission || (!strings.HasPrefix(permission, "admin") && k == "*") {
+			return !p.Denylisted()
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false
+}

router/websocket/listeners.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package websocket
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/events"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
 	"time"
 )
@@ -26,46 +27,52 @@ func (h *Handler) ListenForExpiration(ctx context.Context) {
 			jwt := h.GetJwt()
 			if jwt != nil {
 				if jwt.ExpirationTime.Unix()-time.Now().Unix() <= 0 {
-					h.SendJson(&Message{Event: TokenExpiredEvent})
-				} else if jwt.ExpirationTime.Unix()-time.Now().Unix() <= 180 {
-					h.SendJson(&Message{Event: TokenExpiringEvent})
+					_ = h.SendJson(&Message{Event: TokenExpiredEvent})
+				} else if jwt.ExpirationTime.Unix()-time.Now().Unix() <= 60 {
+					_ = h.SendJson(&Message{Event: TokenExpiringEvent})
 				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
 }
 
+var e = []string{
+	server.StatsEvent,
+	server.StatusEvent,
+	server.ConsoleOutputEvent,
+	server.InstallOutputEvent,
+	server.InstallStartedEvent,
+	server.InstallCompletedEvent,
+	server.DaemonMessageEvent,
+	server.BackupCompletedEvent,
+	server.BackupRestoreCompletedEvent,
+	server.TransferLogsEvent,
+	server.TransferStatusEvent,
+}
+
 // Listens for different events happening on a server and sends them along
 // to the connected websocket.
 func (h *Handler) ListenForServerEvents(ctx context.Context) {
-	events := []string{
-		server.StatsEvent,
-		server.StatusEvent,
-		server.ConsoleOutputEvent,
-		server.InstallOutputEvent,
-		server.DaemonMessageEvent,
-		server.BackupCompletedEvent,
+	h.server.Log().Debug("listening for server events over websocket")
+	callback := func(e events.Event) {
+		if err := h.SendJson(&Message{Event: e.Topic, Args: []string{e.Data}}); err != nil {
+			h.server.Log().WithField("error", err).Warn("error while sending server data over websocket")
+		}
 	}
 
-	eventChannel := make(chan server.Event)
-	for _, event := range events {
-		h.server.Events().Subscribe(event, eventChannel)
+	// Subscribe to all of the events with the same callback that will push the data out over the
+	// websocket for the server.
+	for _, evt := range e {
+		h.server.Events().On(evt, &callback)
 	}
 
+	go func(ctx context.Context) {
 		select {
 		case <-ctx.Done():
-		for _, event := range events {
-			h.server.Events().Unsubscribe(event, eventChannel)
-		}
-
-		close(eventChannel)
-	default:
-		// Listen for different events emitted by the server and respond to them appropriately.
-		for d := range eventChannel {
-			h.SendJson(&Message{
-				Event: d.Topic,
-				Args:  []string{d.Data},
-			})
+			// Once this context is stopped, de-register all of the listeners that have been registered.
+			for _, evt := range e {
+				h.server.Events().Off(evt, &callback)
 			}
 		}
+	}(ctx)
 }

router/websocket/message.go

@@ -8,16 +8,13 @@ const (
 	SetStateEvent              = "set state"
 	SendServerLogsEvent        = "send logs"
 	SendCommandEvent           = "send command"
+	SendStatsEvent             = "send stats"
 	ErrorEvent                 = "daemon error"
+	JwtErrorEvent              = "jwt error"
 )
 
 type Message struct {
-	// The event to perform. Should be one of the following that are supported:
-	//
-	// - status : Returns the server's power state.
-	// - logs : Returns the server log data at the time of the request.
-	// - power : Performs a power action aganist the server based the data.
-	// - command : Performs a command on a server using the data field.
+	// The event to perform.
 	Event string `json:"event"`
 
 	// The data to pass along, only used by power/command currently. Other requests

router/websocket/websocket.go

@@ -1,18 +1,20 @@
 package websocket
 
 import (
+	"context"
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"github.com/apex/log"
 	"github.com/gbrlsnchs/jwt/v3"
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
 	"github.com/gorilla/websocket"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/environment"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/environment/docker"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/tokens"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
 	"net/http"
-	"os"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
@@ -26,14 +28,31 @@ const (
 	PermissionSendPowerRestart = "control.restart"
 	PermissionReceiveErrors    = "admin.websocket.errors"
 	PermissionReceiveInstall   = "admin.websocket.install"
+	PermissionReceiveTransfer  = "admin.websocket.transfer"
 	PermissionReceiveBackups   = "backup.read"
 )
 
 type Handler struct {
-	sync.RWMutex
-	Connection *websocket.Conn
-	jwt        *tokens.WebsocketPayload `json:"-"`
+	sync.RWMutex `json:"-"`
+	Connection   *websocket.Conn `json:"-"`
+	jwt          *tokens.WebsocketPayload
 	server       *server.Server
+	uuid         uuid.UUID
+}
+
+var (
+	ErrJwtNotPresent    = errors.New("jwt: no jwt present")
+	ErrJwtNoConnectPerm = errors.New("jwt: missing connect permission")
+	ErrJwtUuidMismatch  = errors.New("jwt: server uuid mismatch")
+	ErrJwtOnDenylist    = errors.New("jwt: created too far in past (denylist)")
+)
+
+func IsJwtError(err error) bool {
+	return errors.Is(err, ErrJwtNotPresent) ||
+		errors.Is(err, ErrJwtNoConnectPerm) ||
+		errors.Is(err, ErrJwtUuidMismatch) ||
+		errors.Is(err, ErrJwtOnDenylist) ||
+		errors.Is(err, jwt.ErrExpValidation)
 }
 
 // Parses a JWT into a websocket token payload.
@@ -44,8 +63,12 @@ func NewTokenPayload(token []byte) (*tokens.WebsocketPayload, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	if payload.Denylisted() {
+		return nil, ErrJwtOnDenylist
+	}
+
 	if !payload.HasPermission(PermissionConnect) {
-		return nil, errors.New("not authorized to connect to this socket")
+		return nil, ErrJwtNoConnectPerm
 	}
 
 	return &payload, nil
@@ -57,7 +80,16 @@ func GetHandler(s *server.Server, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) (*Hand
 		// Ensure that the websocket request is originating from the Panel itself,
 		// and not some other location.
 		CheckOrigin: func(r *http.Request) bool {
-			return r.Header.Get("Origin") == config.Get().PanelLocation
+			o := r.Header.Get("Origin")
+			if o == config.Get().PanelLocation {
+				return true
+			}
+			for _, origin := range config.Get().AllowedOrigins {
+				if origin == "*" || origin == o {
+					return true
+				}
+			}
+			return false
 		},
 	}
 
@@ -66,17 +98,30 @@ func GetHandler(s *server.Server, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) (*Hand
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	u, err := uuid.NewRandom()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
 	return &Handler{
 		Connection: conn,
 		jwt:        nil,
 		server:     s,
+		uuid:       u,
 	}, nil
 }
 
+func (h *Handler) Uuid() uuid.UUID {
+	return h.uuid
+}
+
 func (h *Handler) SendJson(v *Message) error {
-	// Do not send JSON down the line if the JWT on the connection is not
-	// valid!
+	// Do not send JSON down the line if the JWT on the connection is not valid!
 	if err := h.TokenValid(); err != nil {
+		h.unsafeSendJson(Message{
+			Event: JwtErrorEvent,
+			Args:  []string{err.Error()},
+		})
 		return nil
 	}
 
@@ -97,9 +142,32 @@ func (h *Handler) SendJson(v *Message) error {
 				return nil
 			}
 		}
+
+		// If we are sending transfer output, only send it to the user if they have the required permissions.
+		if v.Event == server.TransferLogsEvent {
+			if !j.HasPermission(PermissionReceiveTransfer) {
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
-	return h.unsafeSendJson(v)
+	if err := h.unsafeSendJson(v); err != nil {
+		// Not entirely sure how this happens (likely just when there is a ton of console spam)
+		// but I don't care to fix it right now, so just mask the error and throw a warning into
+		// the logs for us to look into later.
+		if errors.Is(err, websocket.ErrCloseSent) {
+			if h.server != nil {
+				h.server.Log().WithField("subsystem", "websocket").
+					WithField("event", v.Event).
+					Warn("failed to send event to websocket: close already sent")
+			}
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
 }
 
 // Sends JSON over the websocket connection, ignoring the authentication state of the
@@ -116,19 +184,23 @@ func (h *Handler) unsafeSendJson(v interface{}) error {
 func (h *Handler) TokenValid() error {
 	j := h.GetJwt()
 	if j == nil {
-		return errors.New("no jwt present")
+		return ErrJwtNotPresent
 	}
 
 	if err := jwt.ExpirationTimeValidator(time.Now())(&j.Payload); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	if !j.HasPermission(PermissionConnect) {
-		return errors.New("jwt does not have connect permission")
+	if j.Denylisted() {
+		return ErrJwtOnDenylist
 	}
 
-	if h.server.Uuid != j.ServerUUID {
-		return errors.New("jwt server uuid mismatch")
+	if !j.HasPermission(PermissionConnect) {
+		return ErrJwtNoConnectPerm
+	}
+
+	if h.server.Id() != j.GetServerUuid() {
+		return ErrJwtUuidMismatch
 	}
 
 	return nil
@@ -137,22 +209,28 @@ func (h *Handler) TokenValid() error {
 // Sends an error back to the connected websocket instance by checking the permissions
 // of the token. If the user has the "receive-errors" grant we will send back the actual
 // error message, otherwise we just send back a standard error message.
-func (h *Handler) SendErrorJson(msg Message, err error) error {
+func (h *Handler) SendErrorJson(msg Message, err error, shouldLog ...bool) error {
 	j := h.GetJwt()
+	isJWTError := IsJwtError(err)
 
-	message := "an unexpected error was encountered while handling this request"
-	if server.IsSuspendedError(err) || (j != nil && j.HasPermission(PermissionReceiveErrors)) {
-		message = err.Error()
+	wsm := Message{
+		Event: ErrorEvent,
+		Args:  []string{"an unexpected error was encountered while handling this request"},
 	}
 
-	m, u := h.GetErrorMessage(message)
+	if isJWTError || (j != nil && j.HasPermission(PermissionReceiveErrors)) {
+		if isJWTError {
+			wsm.Event = JwtErrorEvent
+		}
+		wsm.Args = []string{err.Error()}
+	}
 
-	wsm := Message{Event: ErrorEvent}
+	m, u := h.GetErrorMessage(wsm.Args[0])
 	wsm.Args = []string{m}
 
-	if !server.IsSuspendedError(err) {
+	if !isJWTError && (len(shouldLog) == 0 || (len(shouldLog) == 1 && shouldLog[0] == true)) {
 		h.server.Log().WithFields(log.Fields{"event": msg.Event, "error_identifier": u.String(), "error": err}).
-			Error("failed to handle websocket process; an error was encountered processing an event")
+			Errorf("error processing websocket event \"%s\"", msg.Event)
 	}
 
 	return h.unsafeSendJson(wsm)
@@ -186,13 +264,10 @@ func (h *Handler) GetJwt() *tokens.WebsocketPayload {
 func (h *Handler) HandleInbound(m Message) error {
 	if m.Event != AuthenticationEvent {
 		if err := h.TokenValid(); err != nil {
-			log.WithField("message", err.Error()).Debug("jwt for server websocket is no longer valid")
-
 			h.unsafeSendJson(Message{
-				Event: ErrorEvent,
-				Args:  []string{"could not authenticate client: " + err.Error()},
+				Event: JwtErrorEvent,
+				Args:  []string{err.Error()},
 			})
-
 			return nil
 		}
 	}
@@ -236,7 +311,7 @@ func (h *Handler) HandleInbound(m Message) error {
 
 			// On every authentication event, send the current server status back
 			// to the client. :)
-			state := h.server.GetState()
+			state := h.server.Environment.State()
 			h.SendJson(&Message{
 				Event: server.StatusEvent,
 				Args:  []string{state},
@@ -244,65 +319,58 @@ func (h *Handler) HandleInbound(m Message) error {
 
 			// Only send the current disk usage if the server is offline, if docker container is running,
 			// Environment#EnableResourcePolling() will send this data to all clients.
-			if state == server.ProcessOfflineState {
-				_ = h.server.Filesystem.HasSpaceAvailable()
+			if state == environment.ProcessOfflineState {
+				if !h.server.IsInstalling() && !h.server.IsTransferring() {
+					_ = h.server.Filesystem().HasSpaceAvailable(false)
 
-				resources := server.ResourceUsage{
-					Memory:      0,
-					MemoryLimit: 0,
-					CpuAbsolute: 0.0,
-					Disk:        h.server.Resources.Disk,
-				}
-				resources.Network.RxBytes = 0
-				resources.Network.TxBytes = 0
-
-				b, _ := json.Marshal(resources)
+					b, _ := json.Marshal(h.server.Proc())
 					h.SendJson(&Message{
 						Event: server.StatsEvent,
 						Args:  []string{string(b)},
 					})
 				}
+			}
 
 			return nil
 		}
 	case SetStateEvent:
 		{
-			switch strings.Join(m.Args, "") {
-			case "start":
-				if h.GetJwt().HasPermission(PermissionSendPowerStart) {
-					return h.server.Environment.Start()
+			action := server.PowerAction(strings.Join(m.Args, ""))
+
+			actions := make(map[server.PowerAction]string)
+			actions[server.PowerActionStart] = PermissionSendPowerStart
+			actions[server.PowerActionStop] = PermissionSendPowerStop
+			actions[server.PowerActionRestart] = PermissionSendPowerRestart
+			actions[server.PowerActionTerminate] = PermissionSendPowerStop
+
+			// Check that they have permission to perform this action if it is needed.
+			if permission, exists := actions[action]; exists {
+				if !h.GetJwt().HasPermission(permission) {
+					return nil
 				}
-				break
-			case "stop":
-				if h.GetJwt().HasPermission(PermissionSendPowerStop) {
-					return h.server.Environment.Stop()
-				}
-				break
-			case "restart":
-				if h.GetJwt().HasPermission(PermissionSendPowerRestart) {
-					if err := h.server.Environment.WaitForStop(60, false); err != nil {
-						return err
 			}
 
-					return h.server.Environment.Start()
-				}
-				break
-			case "kill":
-				if h.GetJwt().HasPermission(PermissionSendPowerStop) {
-					return h.server.Environment.Terminate(os.Kill)
-				}
-				break
-			}
+			err := h.server.HandlePowerAction(action)
+			if errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+				m, _ := h.GetErrorMessage("another power action is currently being processed for this server, please try again later")
+
+				h.SendJson(&Message{
+					Event: ErrorEvent,
+					Args:  []string{m},
+				})
 
 				return nil
 			}
+
+			return err
+		}
 	case SendServerLogsEvent:
 		{
 			if running, _ := h.server.Environment.IsRunning(); !running {
 				return nil
 			}
 
-			logs, err := h.server.Environment.Readlog(1024 * 16)
+			logs, err := h.server.Environment.Readlog(config.Get().System.WebsocketLogCount)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
@@ -314,6 +382,16 @@ func (h *Handler) HandleInbound(m Message) error {
 				})
 			}
 
+			return nil
+		}
+	case SendStatsEvent:
+		{
+			b, _ := json.Marshal(h.server.Proc())
+			h.SendJson(&Message{
+				Event: server.StatsEvent,
+				Args:  []string{string(b)},
+			})
+
 			return nil
 		}
 	case SendCommandEvent:
@@ -322,10 +400,22 @@ func (h *Handler) HandleInbound(m Message) error {
 				return nil
 			}
 
-			if h.server.GetState() == server.ProcessOfflineState {
+			if h.server.Environment.State() == environment.ProcessOfflineState {
 				return nil
 			}
 
+			// TODO(dane): should probably add a new process state that is "booting environment" or something
+			//  so that we can better handle this and only set the environment to booted once we're attached.
+			//
+			//  Or maybe just an IsBooted function?
+			if h.server.Environment.State() == environment.ProcessStartingState {
+				if e, ok := h.server.Environment.(*docker.Environment); ok {
+					if !e.IsAttached() {
+						return nil
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
 			return h.server.Environment.SendCommand(strings.Join(m.Args, ""))
 		}
 	}

server/archiver.go

@@ -1,104 +0,0 @@
-package server
-
-import (
-	"crypto/sha256"
-	"encoding/hex"
-	"github.com/mholt/archiver/v3"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
-	"io"
-	"io/ioutil"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-)
-
-// Archiver represents a Server Archiver.
-type Archiver struct {
-	Server *Server
-}
-
-// ArchivePath returns the path to the server's archive.
-func (a *Archiver) ArchivePath() string {
-	return filepath.Join(config.Get().System.ArchiveDirectory, a.ArchiveName())
-}
-
-// ArchiveName returns the name of the server's archive.
-func (a *Archiver) ArchiveName() string {
-	return a.Server.Uuid + ".tar.gz"
-}
-
-// Exists returns a boolean based off if the archive exists.
-func (a *Archiver) Exists() bool {
-	if _, err := os.Stat(a.ArchivePath()); os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	return true
-}
-
-// Stat stats the archive file.
-func (a *Archiver) Stat() (*Stat, error) {
-	return a.Server.Filesystem.unsafeStat(a.ArchivePath())
-}
-
-// Archive creates an archive of the server and deletes the previous one.
-func (a *Archiver) Archive() error {
-	path := a.Server.Filesystem.Path()
-
-	// Get the list of root files and directories to archive.
-	var files []string
-	fileInfo, err := ioutil.ReadDir(path)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	for _, file := range fileInfo {
-		files = append(files, filepath.Join(path, file.Name()))
-	}
-
-	stat, err := a.Stat()
-	if err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// Check if the file exists.
-	if stat != nil {
-		if err := os.Remove(a.ArchivePath()); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	return archiver.NewTarGz().Archive(files, a.ArchivePath())
-}
-
-// DeleteIfExists deletes the archive if it exists.
-func (a *Archiver) DeleteIfExists() error {
-	stat, err := a.Stat()
-	if err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// Check if the file exists.
-	if stat != nil {
-		if err := os.Remove(a.ArchivePath()); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Checksum computes a SHA256 checksum of the server's archive.
-func (a *Archiver) Checksum() (string, error) {
-	file, err := os.Open(a.ArchivePath())
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	defer file.Close()
-
-	hash := sha256.New()
-	if _, err := io.Copy(hash, file); err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	return hex.EncodeToString(hash.Sum(nil)), nil
-}

server/backup.go

@@ -1,117 +1,159 @@
 package server
 
 import (
-	"bufio"
-	"github.com/apex/log"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/api"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server/backup"
+	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
-	"path"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/client"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/environment"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/remote"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server/backup"
 )
 
 // Notifies the panel of a backup's state and returns an error if one is encountered
 // while performing this action.
 func (s *Server) notifyPanelOfBackup(uuid string, ad *backup.ArchiveDetails, successful bool) error {
-	r := api.NewRequester()
-	rerr, err := r.SendBackupStatus(uuid, ad.ToRequest(successful))
-	if rerr != nil || err != nil {
-		if err != nil {
+	if err := s.client.SetBackupStatus(s.Context(), uuid, ad.ToRequest(successful)); err != nil {
+		if !remote.IsRequestError(err) {
 			s.Log().WithFields(log.Fields{
 				"backup": uuid,
 				"error":  err,
-			}).Error("failed to notify panel of backup status due to internal code error")
+			}).Error("failed to notify panel of backup status due to wings error")
 
 			return err
 		}
 
-		s.Log().WithField("backup", uuid).Warn(rerr.String())
-
-		return errors.New(rerr.String())
+		return errors.New(err.Error())
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
 // Get all of the ignored files for a server based on its .pteroignore file in the root.
-func (s *Server) getServerwideIgnoredFiles() ([]string, error) {
-	var ignored []string
-
-	f, err := os.Open(path.Join(s.Filesystem.Path(), ".pteroignore"))
+func (s *Server) getServerwideIgnoredFiles() (string, error) {
+	f, st, err := s.Filesystem().File(".pteroignore")
 	if err != nil {
-		if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
-			return nil, err
+		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			return "", nil
 		}
-	} else {
-		scanner := bufio.NewScanner(f)
-		for scanner.Scan() {
-			// Only include non-empty lines, for the sake of clarity...
-			if t := scanner.Text(); t != "" {
-				ignored = append(ignored, t)
+		return "", err
 	}
+	defer f.Close()
+	if st.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink != 0 || st.Size() > 32*1024 {
+		// Don't read a symlinked ignore file, or a file larger than 32KiB in size.
+		return "", nil
+	}
+	b, err := ioutil.ReadAll(f)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return string(b), nil
 }
 
-		if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	}
-
-	return ignored, nil
-}
-
-// Get the backup files to include when generating it.
-func (s *Server) GetIncludedBackupFiles(ignored []string) (*backup.IncludedFiles, error) {
-	// If no ignored files are present in the request, check for a .pteroignore file in the root
-	// of the server files directory, and use that to generate the backup.
-	if len(ignored) == 0 {
+// Backup performs a server backup and then emits the event over the server
+// websocket. We let the actual backup system handle notifying the panel of the
+// status, but that won't emit a websocket event.
+func (s *Server) Backup(b backup.BackupInterface) error {
+	ignored := b.Ignored()
+	if b.Ignored() == "" {
 		if i, err := s.getServerwideIgnoredFiles(); err != nil {
-			s.Log().WithField("error", err).Warn("failed to retrieve ignored files listing for server")
+			log.WithField("server", s.Id()).WithField("error", err).Warn("failed to get server-wide ignored files")
 		} else {
 			ignored = i
 		}
 	}
 
-	// Get the included files based on the root path and the ignored files provided.
-	return s.Filesystem.GetIncludedFiles(s.Filesystem.Path(), ignored)
-}
-
-// Performs a server backup and then emits the event over the server websocket. We
-// let the actual backup system handle notifying the panel of the status, but that
-// won't emit a websocket event.
-func (s *Server) Backup(b backup.BackupInterface) error {
-	// Get the included files based on the root path and the ignored files provided.
-	inc, err := s.GetIncludedBackupFiles(b.Ignored())
+	ad, err := b.Generate(s.Context(), s.Filesystem().Path(), ignored)
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-
-	ad, err := b.Generate(inc, s.Filesystem.Path())
-	if err != nil {
-		if notifyError := s.notifyPanelOfBackup(b.Identifier(), &backup.ArchiveDetails{}, false); notifyError != nil {
+		if err := s.notifyPanelOfBackup(b.Identifier(), &backup.ArchiveDetails{}, false); err != nil {
 			s.Log().WithFields(log.Fields{
 				"backup": b.Identifier(),
 				"error":  err,
 			}).Warn("failed to notify panel of failed backup state")
+		} else {
+			s.Log().WithField("backup", b.Identifier()).Info("notified panel of failed backup state")
 		}
 
-		return errors.WithStack(err)
+		_ = s.Events().PublishJson(BackupCompletedEvent+":"+b.Identifier(), map[string]interface{}{
+			"uuid":          b.Identifier(),
+			"is_successful": false,
+			"checksum":      "",
+			"checksum_type": "sha1",
+			"file_size":     0,
+		})
+
+		return errors.WrapIf(err, "backup: error while generating server backup")
 	}
 
 	// Try to notify the panel about the status of this backup. If for some reason this request
 	// fails, delete the archive from the daemon and return that error up the chain to the caller.
 	if notifyError := s.notifyPanelOfBackup(b.Identifier(), ad, true); notifyError != nil {
-		b.Remove()
+		_ = b.Remove()
 
-		return notifyError
+		s.Log().WithField("error", notifyError).Info("failed to notify panel of successful backup state")
+		return err
+	} else {
+		s.Log().WithField("backup", b.Identifier()).Info("notified panel of successful backup state")
 	}
 
 	// Emit an event over the socket so we can update the backup in realtime on
 	// the frontend for the server.
-	s.Events().PublishJson(BackupCompletedEvent+":"+b.Identifier(), map[string]interface{}{
+	_ = s.Events().PublishJson(BackupCompletedEvent+":"+b.Identifier(), map[string]interface{}{
 		"uuid":          b.Identifier(),
-		"sha256_hash": ad.Checksum,
+		"is_successful": true,
+		"checksum":      ad.Checksum,
+		"checksum_type": "sha1",
 		"file_size":     ad.Size,
 	})
 
 	return nil
 }
+
+// RestoreBackup calls the Restore function on the provided backup. Once this
+// restoration is completed an event is emitted to the websocket to notify the
+// Panel that is has been completed.
+//
+// In addition to the websocket event an API call is triggered to notify the
+// Panel of the new state.
+func (s *Server) RestoreBackup(b backup.BackupInterface, reader io.ReadCloser) (err error) {
+	s.Config().SetSuspended(true)
+	// Local backups will not pass a reader through to this function, so check first
+	// to make sure it is a valid reader before trying to close it.
+	defer func() {
+		s.Config().SetSuspended(false)
+		if reader != nil {
+			reader.Close()
+		}
+	}()
+	// Send an API call to the Panel as soon as this function is done running so that
+	// the Panel is informed of the restoration status of this backup.
+	defer func() {
+		if rerr := s.client.SendRestorationStatus(s.Context(), b.Identifier(), err == nil); rerr != nil {
+			s.Log().WithField("error", rerr).WithField("backup", b.Identifier()).Error("failed to notify Panel of backup restoration status")
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// Don't try to restore the server until we have completely stopped the running
+	// instance, otherwise you'll likely hit all types of write errors due to the
+	// server being suspended.
+	if s.Environment.State() != environment.ProcessOfflineState {
+		if err = s.Environment.WaitForStop(120, false); err != nil {
+			if !client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
+				return errors.WrapIf(err, "server/backup: restore: failed to wait for container stop")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Attempt to restore the backup to the server by running through each entry
+	// in the file one at a time and writing them to the disk.
+	s.Log().Debug("starting file writing process for backup restoration")
+	err = b.Restore(s.Context(), reader, func(file string, r io.Reader) error {
+		s.Events().Publish(DaemonMessageEvent, "(restoring): "+file)
+		return s.Filesystem().Writefile(file, r)
+	})
+
+	return errors.WithStackIf(err)
+}

server/backup/archiver.go

@@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
-package backup
-
-import (
-	"archive/tar"
-	"context"
-	"github.com/apex/log"
-	gzip "github.com/klauspost/pgzip"
-	"github.com/remeh/sizedwaitgroup"
-	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
-	"io"
-	"os"
-	"strings"
-	"sync"
-)
-
-type Archive struct {
-	sync.Mutex
-
-	TrimPrefix string
-	Files      *IncludedFiles
-}
-
-// Creates an archive at dest with all of the files definied in the included files struct.
-func (a *Archive) Create(dest string, ctx context.Context) error {
-	f, err := os.OpenFile(dest, os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC, 0600)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	defer f.Close()
-
-	gzw := gzip.NewWriter(f)
-	defer gzw.Close()
-
-	tw := tar.NewWriter(gzw)
-	defer tw.Close()
-
-	wg := sizedwaitgroup.New(10)
-	g, ctx := errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
-	// Iterate over all of the files to be included and put them into the archive. This is
-	// done as a concurrent goroutine to speed things along. If an error is encountered at
-	// any step, the entire process is aborted.
-	for p, s := range a.Files.All() {
-		if (*s).IsDir() {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		pa := p
-		st := s
-
-		g.Go(func() error {
-			wg.Add()
-			defer wg.Done()
-
-			select {
-			case <-ctx.Done():
-				return ctx.Err()
-			default:
-				return a.addToArchive(pa, st, tw)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-
-	// Block until the entire routine is completed.
-	if err := g.Wait(); err != nil {
-		f.Close()
-
-		// Attempt to remove the archive if there is an error, report that error to
-		// the logger if it fails.
-		if rerr := os.Remove(dest); rerr != nil && !os.IsNotExist(rerr) {
-			log.WithField("location", dest).Warn("failed to delete corrupted backup archive")
-		}
-
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Adds a single file to the existing tar archive writer.
-func (a *Archive) addToArchive(p string, s *os.FileInfo, w *tar.Writer) error {
-	f, err := os.Open(p)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	defer f.Close()
-
-	st := *s
-	header := &tar.Header{
-		// Trim the long server path from the name of the file so that the resulting
-		// archive is exactly how the user would see it in the panel file manager.
-		Name:    strings.TrimPrefix(p, a.TrimPrefix),
-		Size:    st.Size(),
-		Mode:    int64(st.Mode()),
-		ModTime: st.ModTime(),
-	}
-
-	// These actions must occur sequentially, even if this function is called multiple
-	// in parallel. You'll get some nasty panic's otherwise.
-	a.Lock()
-	defer a.Unlock()
-
-	if err = w.WriteHeader(header); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if _, err := io.Copy(w, f); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}

server/backup/backup.go

@@ -1,35 +1,62 @@
 package backup
 
 import (
-	"crypto/sha256"
+	"context"
+	"crypto/sha1"
 	"encoding/hex"
-	"github.com/apex/log"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/api"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
 	"io"
 	"os"
 	"path"
-	"sync"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/remote"
+	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
 )
 
+type AdapterType string
+
 const (
-	LocalBackupAdapter = "wings"
-	S3BackupAdapter    = "s3"
+	LocalBackupAdapter AdapterType = "wings"
+	S3BackupAdapter    AdapterType = "s3"
 )
 
-type ArchiveDetails struct {
-	Checksum string `json:"checksum"`
-	Size     int64  `json:"size"`
-}
+// RestoreCallback is a generic restoration callback that exists for both local
+// and remote backups allowing the files to be restored.
+type RestoreCallback func(file string, r io.Reader) error
 
-// Returns a request object.
-func (ad *ArchiveDetails) ToRequest(successful bool) api.BackupRequest {
-	return api.BackupRequest{
-		Checksum:   ad.Checksum,
-		Size:       ad.Size,
-		Successful: successful,
-	}
+// noinspection GoNameStartsWithPackageName
+type BackupInterface interface {
+	// SetClient sets the API request client on the backup interface.
+	SetClient(c remote.Client)
+	// Identifier returns the UUID of this backup as tracked by the panel
+	// instance.
+	Identifier() string
+	// WithLogContext attaches additional context to the log output for this
+	// backup.
+	WithLogContext(map[string]interface{})
+	// Generate creates a backup in whatever the configured source for the
+	// specific implementation is.
+	Generate(ctx context.Context, basePath string, ignore string) (*ArchiveDetails, error)
+	// Ignored returns the ignored files for this backup instance.
+	Ignored() string
+	// Checksum returns a SHA1 checksum for the generated backup.
+	Checksum() ([]byte, error)
+	// Size returns the size of the generated backup.
+	Size() (int64, error)
+	// Path returns the path to the backup on the machine. This is not always
+	// the final storage location of the backup, simply the location we're using
+	// to store it until it is moved to the final spot.
+	Path() string
+	// Details returns details about the archive.
+	Details(ctx context.Context) (*ArchiveDetails, error)
+	// Remove removes a backup file.
+	Remove() error
+	// Restore is called when a backup is ready to be restored to the disk from
+	// the given source. Not every backup implementation will support this nor
+	// will every implementation require a reader be provided.
+	Restore(ctx context.Context, reader io.Reader, callback RestoreCallback) error
 }
 
 type Backup struct {
@@ -39,116 +66,110 @@ type Backup struct {
 
 	// An array of files to ignore when generating this backup. This should be
 	// compatible with a standard .gitignore structure.
-	IgnoredFiles []string `json:"ignored_files"`
+	Ignore string `json:"ignore"`
+
+	client     remote.Client
+	adapter    AdapterType
+	logContext map[string]interface{}
 }
 
-// noinspection GoNameStartsWithPackageName
-type BackupInterface interface {
-	// Returns the UUID of this backup as tracked by the panel instance.
-	Identifier() string
-
-	// Generates a backup in whatever the configured source for the specific
-	// implementation is.
-	Generate(*IncludedFiles, string) (*ArchiveDetails, error)
-
-	// Returns the ignored files for this backup instance.
-	Ignored() []string
-
-	// Returns a SHA256 checksum for the generated backup.
-	Checksum() ([]byte, error)
-
-	// Returns the size of the generated backup.
-	Size() (int64, error)
-
-	// Returns the path to the backup on the machine. This is not always the final
-	// storage location of the backup, simply the location we're using to store
-	// it until it is moved to the final spot.
-	Path() string
-
-	// Returns details about the archive.
-	Details() *ArchiveDetails
-
-	// Removes a backup file.
-	Remove() error
+func (b *Backup) SetClient(c remote.Client) {
+	b.client = c
 }
 
 func (b *Backup) Identifier() string {
 	return b.Uuid
 }
 
-// Returns the path for this specific backup.
+// Path returns the path for this specific backup.
 func (b *Backup) Path() string {
 	return path.Join(config.Get().System.BackupDirectory, b.Identifier()+".tar.gz")
 }
 
-// Return the size of the generated backup.
+// Size returns the size of the generated backup.
 func (b *Backup) Size() (int64, error) {
 	st, err := os.Stat(b.Path())
 	if err != nil {
-		return 0, errors.WithStack(err)
+		return 0, err
 	}
 
 	return st.Size(), nil
 }
 
-// Returns the SHA256 checksum of a backup.
+// Checksum returns the SHA256 checksum of a backup.
 func (b *Backup) Checksum() ([]byte, error) {
-	h := sha256.New()
+	h := sha1.New()
 
 	f, err := os.Open(b.Path())
 	if err != nil {
-		return []byte{}, errors.WithStack(err)
+		return nil, err
 	}
 	defer f.Close()
 
-	if _, err := io.Copy(h, f); err != nil {
-		return []byte{}, errors.WithStack(err)
+	buf := make([]byte, 1024*4)
+	if _, err := io.CopyBuffer(h, f, buf); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	return h.Sum(nil), nil
 }
 
-// Returns details of the archive by utilizing two go-routines to get the checksum and
-// the size of the archive.
-func (b *Backup) Details() *ArchiveDetails {
-	wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
-	wg.Add(2)
-
-	var checksum string
-	// Calculate the checksum for the file.
-	go func() {
-		defer wg.Done()
+// Details returns both the checksum and size of the archive currently stored on
+// the disk to the caller.
+func (b *Backup) Details(ctx context.Context) (*ArchiveDetails, error) {
+	ad := ArchiveDetails{ChecksumType: "sha1"}
+	g, ctx := errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
 
+	g.Go(func() error {
 		resp, err := b.Checksum()
 		if err != nil {
-			log.WithFields(log.Fields{
-				"backup": b.Identifier(),
-				"error": err,
-			}).Error("failed to calculate checksum for backup")
+			return err
+		}
+		ad.Checksum = hex.EncodeToString(resp)
+		return nil
+	})
+
+	g.Go(func() error {
+		s, err := b.Size()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		ad.Size = s
+		return nil
+	})
+
+	if err := g.Wait(); err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.WithStackDepth(err, 1)
+	}
+	return &ad, nil
 }
 
-		checksum = hex.EncodeToString(resp)
-	}()
-
-	var sz int64
-	go func() {
-		defer wg.Done()
-
-		if s, err := b.Size(); err != nil {
-			return
-		} else {
-			sz = s
-		}
-	}()
-
-	wg.Wait()
-
-	return &ArchiveDetails{
-		Checksum: checksum,
-		Size:     sz,
-	}
+func (b *Backup) Ignored() string {
+	return b.Ignore
 }
 
-func (b *Backup) Ignored() []string {
-	return b.IgnoredFiles
+// Returns a logger instance for this backup with the additional context fields
+// assigned to the output.
+func (b *Backup) log() *log.Entry {
+	l := log.WithField("backup", b.Identifier()).WithField("adapter", b.adapter)
+	for k, v := range b.logContext {
+		l = l.WithField(k, v)
+	}
+	return l
+}
+
+type ArchiveDetails struct {
+	Checksum     string `json:"checksum"`
+	ChecksumType string `json:"checksum_type"`
+	Size         int64  `json:"size"`
+}
+
+// ToRequest returns a request object.
+func (ad *ArchiveDetails) ToRequest(successful bool) remote.BackupRequest {
+	return remote.BackupRequest{
+		Checksum:     ad.Checksum,
+		ChecksumType: ad.ChecksumType,
+		Size:         ad.Size,
+		Successful:   successful,
+	}
 }

server/backup/backup_local.go

@@ -2,8 +2,14 @@ package backup
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"io"
 	"os"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server/filesystem"
+
+	"github.com/mholt/archiver/v3"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/remote"
 )
 
 type LocalBackup struct {
@@ -12,44 +18,79 @@ type LocalBackup struct {
 
 var _ BackupInterface = (*LocalBackup)(nil)
 
-// Locates the backup for a server and returns the local path. This will obviously only
-// work if the backup was created as a local backup.
-func LocateLocal(uuid string) (*LocalBackup, os.FileInfo, error) {
-	b := &LocalBackup{
+func NewLocal(client remote.Client, uuid string, ignore string) *LocalBackup {
+	return &LocalBackup{
 		Backup{
+			client:  client,
 			Uuid:    uuid,
-			IgnoredFiles: nil,
+			Ignore:  ignore,
+			adapter: LocalBackupAdapter,
 		},
 	}
+}
 
+// LocateLocal finds the backup for a server and returns the local path. This
+// will obviously only work if the backup was created as a local backup.
+func LocateLocal(client remote.Client, uuid string) (*LocalBackup, os.FileInfo, error) {
+	b := NewLocal(client, uuid, "")
 	st, err := os.Stat(b.Path())
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, err
 	}
 
 	if st.IsDir() {
-		return nil, nil, errors.New("invalid archive found; is directory")
+		return nil, nil, errors.New("invalid archive, is directory")
 	}
 
 	return b, st, nil
 }
 
-// Removes a backup from the system.
+// Remove removes a backup from the system.
 func (b *LocalBackup) Remove() error {
 	return os.Remove(b.Path())
 }
 
-// Generates a backup of the selected files and pushes it to the defined location
-// for this instance.
-func (b *LocalBackup) Generate(included *IncludedFiles, prefix string) (*ArchiveDetails, error) {
-	a := &Archive{
-		TrimPrefix: prefix,
-		Files:      included,
+// WithLogContext attaches additional context to the log output for this backup.
+func (b *LocalBackup) WithLogContext(c map[string]interface{}) {
+	b.logContext = c
 }
 
-	if err := a.Create(b.Path(), context.Background()); err != nil {
+// Generate generates a backup of the selected files and pushes it to the
+// defined location for this instance.
+func (b *LocalBackup) Generate(ctx context.Context, basePath, ignore string) (*ArchiveDetails, error) {
+	a := &filesystem.Archive{
+		BasePath: basePath,
+		Ignore:   ignore,
+	}
+
+	b.log().WithField("path", b.Path()).Info("creating backup for server")
+	if err := a.Create(b.Path()); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	b.log().Info("created backup successfully")
 
-	return b.Details(), nil
+	ad, err := b.Details(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.WrapIf(err, "backup: failed to get archive details for local backup")
+	}
+	return ad, nil
+}
+
+// Restore will walk over the archive and call the callback function for each
+// file encountered.
+func (b *LocalBackup) Restore(ctx context.Context, _ io.Reader, callback RestoreCallback) error {
+	return archiver.Walk(b.Path(), func(f archiver.File) error {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			// Stop walking if the context is canceled.
+			return archiver.ErrStopWalk
+		default:
+			{
+				if f.IsDir() {
+					return nil
+				}
+				return callback(filesystem.ExtractNameFromArchive(f), f)
+			}
+		}
+	})
 }

server/backup/backup_request.go

@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-package backup
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-)
-
-type Request struct {
-	Adapter      string   `json:"adapter"`
-	Uuid         string   `json:"uuid"`
-	IgnoredFiles []string `json:"ignored_files"`
-	PresignedUrl string   `json:"presigned_url"`
-}
-
-// Generates a new local backup struct.
-func (r *Request) NewLocalBackup() (*LocalBackup, error) {
-	if r.Adapter != LocalBackupAdapter {
-		return nil, errors.New(fmt.Sprintf("cannot create local backup using [%s] adapter", r.Adapter))
-	}
-
-	return &LocalBackup{
-		Backup{
-			Uuid:         r.Uuid,
-			IgnoredFiles: r.IgnoredFiles,
-		},
-	}, nil
-}
-
-// Generates a new S3 backup struct.
-func (r *Request) NewS3Backup() (*S3Backup, error) {
-	if r.Adapter != S3BackupAdapter {
-		return nil, errors.New(fmt.Sprintf("cannot create s3 backup using [%s] adapter", r.Adapter))
-	}
-
-	if len(r.PresignedUrl) == 0 {
-		return nil, errors.New("a valid presigned S3 upload URL must be provided to use the [s3] adapter")
-	}
-
-	return &S3Backup{
-		Backup: Backup{
-			Uuid:         r.Uuid,
-			IgnoredFiles: r.IgnoredFiles,
-		},
-		PresignedUrl: r.PresignedUrl,
-	}, nil
-}

server/backup/backup_s3.go

@@ -1,86 +1,263 @@
 package backup
 
 import (
+	"archive/tar"
+	"compress/gzip"
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"github.com/apex/log"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"strconv"
+	"time"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server/filesystem"
+
+	"github.com/juju/ratelimit"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/remote"
 )
 
 type S3Backup struct {
 	Backup
-
-	// The pre-signed upload endpoint for the generated backup. This must be
-	// provided otherwise this request will fail. This allows us to keep all
-	// of the keys off the daemon instances and the panel can handle generating
-	// the credentials for us.
-	PresignedUrl string
 }
 
 var _ BackupInterface = (*S3Backup)(nil)
 
-// Generates a new backup on the disk, moves it into the S3 bucket via the provided
-// presigned URL, and then deletes the backup from the disk.
-func (s *S3Backup) Generate(included *IncludedFiles, prefix string) (*ArchiveDetails, error) {
-	defer s.Remove()
-
-	a := &Archive{
-		TrimPrefix: prefix,
-		Files:      included,
-	}
-
-	if err := a.Create(s.Path(), context.Background()); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	rc, err := os.Open(s.Path())
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	defer rc.Close()
-
-	if resp, err := s.generateRemoteRequest(rc); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	} else {
-		resp.Body.Close()
-
-		if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to put S3 object, %d:%s", resp.StatusCode, resp.Status)
+func NewS3(client remote.Client, uuid string, ignore string) *S3Backup {
+	return &S3Backup{
+		Backup{
+			client:  client,
+			Uuid:    uuid,
+			Ignore:  ignore,
+			adapter: S3BackupAdapter,
+		},
 	}
 }
 
-	return s.Details(), err
-}
-
-// Removes a backup from the system.
+// Remove removes a backup from the system.
 func (s *S3Backup) Remove() error {
 	return os.Remove(s.Path())
 }
 
-// Generates the remote S3 request and begins the upload.
-func (s *S3Backup) generateRemoteRequest(rc io.ReadCloser) (*http.Response, error) {
-	r, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPut, s.PresignedUrl, nil)
+// WithLogContext attaches additional context to the log output for this backup.
+func (s *S3Backup) WithLogContext(c map[string]interface{}) {
+	s.logContext = c
+}
+
+// Generate creates a new backup on the disk, moves it into the S3 bucket via
+// the provided presigned URL, and then deletes the backup from the disk.
+func (s *S3Backup) Generate(ctx context.Context, basePath, ignore string) (*ArchiveDetails, error) {
+	defer s.Remove()
+
+	a := &filesystem.Archive{
+		BasePath: basePath,
+		Ignore:   ignore,
+	}
+
+	s.log().WithField("path", s.Path()).Info("creating backup for server")
+	if err := a.Create(s.Path()); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	s.log().Info("created backup successfully")
+
+	rc, err := os.Open(s.Path())
 	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "backup: could not read archive from disk")
+	}
+	defer rc.Close()
+
+	if err := s.generateRemoteRequest(ctx, rc); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	ad, err := s.Details(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.WrapIf(err, "backup: failed to get archive details after upload")
+	}
+	return ad, nil
+}
 
-	if sz, err := s.Size(); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+// Restore will read from the provided reader assuming that it is a gzipped
+// tar reader. When a file is encountered in the archive the callback function
+// will be triggered. If the callback returns an error the entire process is
+// stopped, otherwise this function will run until all files have been written.
+//
+// This restoration uses a workerpool to use up to the number of CPUs available
+// on the machine when writing files to the disk.
+func (s *S3Backup) Restore(ctx context.Context, r io.Reader, callback RestoreCallback) error {
+	reader := r
+	// Steal the logic we use for making backups which will be applied when restoring
+	// this specific backup. This allows us to prevent overloading the disk unintentionally.
+	if writeLimit := int64(config.Get().System.Backups.WriteLimit * 1024 * 1024); writeLimit > 0 {
+		reader = ratelimit.Reader(r, ratelimit.NewBucketWithRate(float64(writeLimit), writeLimit))
+	}
+	gr, err := gzip.NewReader(reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer gr.Close()
+	tr := tar.NewReader(gr)
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return nil
+		default:
+			// Do nothing, fall through to the next block of code in this loop.
+		}
+		header, err := tr.Next()
+		if err != nil {
+			if err == io.EOF {
+				break
+			}
+			return err
+		}
+		if header.Typeflag == tar.TypeReg {
+			if err := callback(header.Name, tr); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Generates the remote S3 request and begins the upload.
+func (s *S3Backup) generateRemoteRequest(ctx context.Context, rc io.ReadCloser) error {
+	defer rc.Close()
+
+	s.log().Debug("attempting to get size of backup...")
+	size, err := s.Backup.Size()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	s.log().WithField("size", size).Debug("got size of backup")
+
+	s.log().Debug("attempting to get S3 upload urls from Panel...")
+	urls, err := s.client.GetBackupRemoteUploadURLs(context.Background(), s.Backup.Uuid, size)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	s.log().Debug("got S3 upload urls from the Panel")
+	s.log().WithField("parts", len(urls.Parts)).Info("attempting to upload backup to s3 endpoint...")
+
+	uploader := newS3FileUploader(rc)
+	for i, part := range urls.Parts {
+		// Get the size for the current part.
+		var partSize int64
+		if i+1 < len(urls.Parts) {
+			partSize = urls.PartSize
 		} else {
-		r.ContentLength = sz
-		r.Header.Add("Content-Length", strconv.Itoa(int(sz)))
+			// This is the remaining size for the last part,
+			// there is not a minimum size limit for the last part.
+			partSize = size - (int64(i) * urls.PartSize)
+		}
+
+		// Attempt to upload the part.
+		if _, err := uploader.uploadPart(ctx, part, partSize); err != nil {
+			s.log().WithField("part_id", i+1).WithError(err).Warn("failed to upload part")
+			return err
+		}
+
+		s.log().WithField("part_id", i+1).Info("successfully uploaded backup part")
+	}
+
+	s.log().WithField("parts", len(urls.Parts)).Info("backup has been successfully uploaded")
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+type s3FileUploader struct {
+	io.ReadCloser
+	client *http.Client
+}
+
+// newS3FileUploader returns a new file uploader instance.
+func newS3FileUploader(file io.ReadCloser) *s3FileUploader {
+	return &s3FileUploader{
+		ReadCloser: file,
+		// We purposefully use a super high timeout on this request since we need to upload
+		// a 5GB file. This assumes at worst a 10Mbps connection for uploading. While technically
+		// you could go slower we're targeting mostly hosted servers that should have 100Mbps
+		// connections anyways.
+		client: &http.Client{Timeout: time.Hour * 2},
+	}
+}
+
+// backoff returns a new expoential backoff implementation using a context that
+// will also stop the backoff if it is canceled.
+func (fu *s3FileUploader) backoff(ctx context.Context) backoff.BackOffContext {
+	b := backoff.NewExponentialBackOff()
+	b.Multiplier = 2
+	b.MaxElapsedTime = time.Minute
+
+	return backoff.WithContext(b, ctx)
+}
+
+// uploadPart attempts to upload a given S3 file part to the S3 system. If a
+// 5xx error is returned from the endpoint this will continue with an exponential
+// backoff to try and successfully upload the part.
+//
+// Once uploaded the ETag is returned to the caller.
+func (fu *s3FileUploader) uploadPart(ctx context.Context, part string, size int64) (string, error) {
+	r, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPut, part, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", errors.Wrap(err, "backup: could not create request for S3")
+	}
+
+	r.ContentLength = size
+	r.Header.Add("Content-Length", strconv.Itoa(int(size)))
 	r.Header.Add("Content-Type", "application/x-gzip")
+
+	// Limit the reader to the size of the part.
+	r.Body = Reader{Reader: io.LimitReader(fu.ReadCloser, size)}
+
+	var etag string
+	err = backoff.Retry(func() error {
+		res, err := fu.client.Do(r)
+		if err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) || errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
+				return backoff.Permanent(err)
+			}
+			// Don't use a permanent error here, if there is a temporary resolution error with
+			// the URL due to DNS issues we want to keep re-trying.
+			return errors.Wrap(err, "backup: S3 HTTP request failed")
+		}
+		_ = res.Body.Close()
+
+		if res.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+			err := errors.New(fmt.Sprintf("backup: failed to put S3 object: [HTTP/%d] %s", res.StatusCode, res.Status))
+			// Only attempt a backoff retry if this error is because of a 5xx error from
+			// the S3 endpoint. Any 4xx error should be treated as an error that a retry
+			// would not fix.
+			if res.StatusCode >= http.StatusInternalServerError {
+				return err
+			}
+			return backoff.Permanent(err)
 		}
 
-	r.Body = rc
+		// Get the ETag from the uploaded part, this should be sent with the
+		// CompleteMultipartUpload request.
+		etag = res.Header.Get("ETag")
 
-	log.WithFields(log.Fields{
-		"endpoint": s.PresignedUrl,
-		"headers": r.Header,
-	}).Debug("uploading backup to remote S3 endpoint")
+		return nil
+	}, fu.backoff(ctx))
 
-	return http.DefaultClient.Do(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		if v, ok := err.(*backoff.PermanentError); ok {
+			return "", v.Unwrap()
+		}
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return etag, nil
+}
+
+// Reader provides a wrapper around an existing io.Reader
+// but implements io.Closer in order to satisfy an io.ReadCloser.
+type Reader struct {
+	io.Reader
+}
+
+func (Reader) Close() error {
+	return nil
 }

server/backup/included.go

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-package backup
-
-import (
-	"os"
-	"sync"
-)
-
-type IncludedFiles struct {
-	sync.RWMutex
-	files map[string]*os.FileInfo
-}
-
-// Pushes an additional file or folder onto the struct.
-func (i *IncludedFiles) Push(info *os.FileInfo, p string) {
-	i.Lock()
-	defer i.Unlock()
-
-	if i.files == nil {
-		i.files = make(map[string]*os.FileInfo)
-	}
-
-	i.files[p] = info
-}
-
-// Returns all of the files that were marked as being included.
-func (i *IncludedFiles) All() map[string]*os.FileInfo {
-	i.RLock()
-	defer i.RUnlock()
-
-	return i.files
-}

server/collection.go

@@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
-package server
-
-import "sync"
-
-type Collection struct {
-	items []*Server
-	sync.RWMutex
-}
-
-// Create a new collection from a slice of servers.
-func NewCollection(servers []*Server) *Collection {
-	return &Collection{
-		items: servers,
-	}
-}
-
-// Return all of the items in the collection.
-func (c *Collection) All() []*Server {
-	c.RLock()
-	defer c.RUnlock()
-
-	return c.items
-}
-
-// Adds an item to the collection store.
-func (c *Collection) Add(s *Server) {
-	c.Lock()
-	c.items = append(c.items, s)
-	c.Unlock()
-}
-
-// Returns only those items matching the filter criteria.
-func (c *Collection) Filter(filter func(*Server) bool) []*Server {
-	c.RLock()
-	defer c.RUnlock()
-
-	r := make([]*Server, 0)
-	for _, v := range c.items {
-		if filter(v) {
-			r = append(r, v)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return r
-}
-
-// Returns a single element from the collection matching the filter. If nothing is
-// found a nil result is returned.
-func (c *Collection) Find(filter func(*Server) bool) *Server {
-	c.RLock()
-	defer c.RUnlock()
-
-	for _, v := range c.items {
-		if filter(v) {
-			return v
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Removes all items from the collection that match the filter function.
-func (c *Collection) Remove(filter func(*Server) bool) {
-	c.Lock()
-	defer c.Unlock()
-
-	r := make([]*Server, 0)
-	for _, v := range c.items {
-		if !filter(v) {
-			r = append(r, v)
-		}
-	}
-
-	c.items = r
-}

server/config_parser.go

@@ -1,33 +1,33 @@
 package server
 
 import (
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/parser"
-	"sync"
+	"runtime"
+
+	"github.com/gammazero/workerpool"
 )
 
 // Parent function that will update all of the defined configuration files for a server
 // automatically to ensure that they always use the specified values.
 func (s *Server) UpdateConfigurationFiles() {
-	wg := new(sync.WaitGroup)
+	pool := workerpool.New(runtime.NumCPU())
 
-	for _, v := range s.processConfiguration.ConfigurationFiles {
-		wg.Add(1)
+	files := s.ProcessConfiguration().ConfigurationFiles
+	for _, cf := range files {
+		f := cf
 
-		go func(f parser.ConfigurationFile, server *Server) {
-			defer wg.Done()
-
-			p, err := server.Filesystem.SafePath(f.FileName)
+		pool.Submit(func() {
+			p, err := s.Filesystem().SafePath(f.FileName)
 			if err != nil {
-				server.Log().WithField("error", err).Error("failed to generate safe path for configuration file")
+				s.Log().WithField("error", err).Error("failed to generate safe path for configuration file")
 
 				return
 			}
 
 			if err := f.Parse(p, false); err != nil {
-				server.Log().WithField("error", err).Error("failed to parse and update server configuration file")
+				s.Log().WithField("error", err).Error("failed to parse and update server configuration file")
 			}
-		}(v, s)
+		})
 	}
 
-	wg.Wait()
+	pool.StopWait()
 }

server/configuration.go

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/environment"
+)
+
+type EggConfiguration struct {
+	// The internal UUID of the Egg on the Panel.
+	ID string `json:"id"`
+
+	// Maintains a list of files that are blacklisted for opening/editing/downloading
+	// or basically any type of access on the server by any user. This is NOT the same
+	// as a per-user denylist, this is defined at the Egg level.
+	FileDenylist []string `json:"file_denylist"`
+}
+
+type Configuration struct {
+	mu sync.RWMutex
+
+	// The unique identifier for the server that should be used when referencing
+	// it against the Panel API (and internally). This will be used when naming
+	// docker containers as well as in log output.
+	Uuid string `json:"uuid"`
+
+	// Whether or not the server is in a suspended state. Suspended servers cannot
+	// be started or modified except in certain scenarios by an admin user.
+	Suspended bool `json:"suspended"`
+
+	// The command that should be used when booting up the server instance.
+	Invocation string `json:"invocation"`
+
+	// By default this is false, however if selected within the Panel while installing or re-installing a
+	// server, specific installation scripts will be skipped for the server process.
+	SkipEggScripts bool `default:"false" json:"skip_egg_scripts"`
+
+	// An array of environment variables that should be passed along to the running
+	// server process.
+	EnvVars environment.Variables `json:"environment"`
+
+	Allocations           environment.Allocations `json:"allocations"`
+	Build                 environment.Limits      `json:"build"`
+	CrashDetectionEnabled bool                    `default:"true" json:"enabled" yaml:"enabled"`
+	Mounts                []Mount                 `json:"mounts"`
+	Egg                   EggConfiguration        `json:"egg,omitempty"`
+
+	Container struct {
+		// Defines the Docker image that will be used for this server
+		Image string `json:"image,omitempty"`
+	} `json:"container,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (s *Server) Config() *Configuration {
+	s.cfg.mu.RLock()
+	defer s.cfg.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	return &s.cfg
+}
+
+// Returns the amount of disk space available to a server in bytes.
+func (s *Server) DiskSpace() int64 {
+	s.cfg.mu.RLock()
+	defer s.cfg.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	return s.cfg.Build.DiskSpace * 1024.0 * 1024.0
+}
+
+func (s *Server) MemoryLimit() int64 {
+	s.cfg.mu.RLock()
+	defer s.cfg.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	return s.cfg.Build.MemoryLimit
+}
+
+func (c *Configuration) GetUuid() string {
+	c.mu.RLock()
+	defer c.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	return c.Uuid
+}
+
+func (c *Configuration) SetSuspended(s bool) {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	c.Suspended = s
+	c.mu.Unlock()
+}

server/console.go

@@ -1,34 +1,140 @@
 package server
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"github.com/mitchellh/colorstring"
-	"io"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
 )
 
-type Console struct {
-	Server      *Server
-	HandlerFunc *func(string)
+// appName is a local cache variable to avoid having to make expensive copies of
+// the configuration every time we need to send output along to the websocket for
+// a server.
+var appName string
+
+var ErrTooMuchConsoleData = errors.New("console is outputting too much data")
+
+type ConsoleThrottler struct {
+	mu sync.Mutex
+	config.ConsoleThrottles
+
+	// The total number of activations that have occurred thus far.
+	activations uint64
+
+	// The total number of lines that have been sent since the last reset timer period.
+	count uint64
+
+	// Wether or not the console output is being throttled. It is up to calling code to
+	// determine what to do if it is.
+	isThrottled *system.AtomicBool
+
+	// The total number of lines processed so far during the given time period.
+	timerCancel *context.CancelFunc
 }
 
-var _ io.Writer = Console{}
-
-func (c Console) Write(b []byte) (int, error) {
-	if c.HandlerFunc != nil {
-		l := make([]byte, len(b))
-		copy(l, b)
-
-		(*c.HandlerFunc)(string(l))
+// Resets the state of the throttler.
+func (ct *ConsoleThrottler) Reset() {
+	atomic.StoreUint64(&ct.count, 0)
+	atomic.StoreUint64(&ct.activations, 0)
+	ct.isThrottled.Store(false)
 }
 
-	return len(b), nil
+// Triggers an activation for a server. You can also decrement the number of activations
+// by passing a negative number.
+func (ct *ConsoleThrottler) markActivation(increment bool) uint64 {
+	if !increment {
+		if atomic.LoadUint64(&ct.activations) == 0 {
+			return 0
 		}
 
-// Sends output to the server console formatted to appear correctly as being sent
-// from Wings.
+		// This weird dohicky subtracts 1 from the activation count.
+		return atomic.AddUint64(&ct.activations, ^uint64(0))
+	}
+
+	return atomic.AddUint64(&ct.activations, 1)
+}
+
+// Determines if the console is currently being throttled. Calls to this function can be used to
+// determine if output should be funneled along to the websocket processes.
+func (ct *ConsoleThrottler) Throttled() bool {
+	return ct.isThrottled.Load()
+}
+
+// Starts a timer that runs in a seperate thread and will continually decrement the lines processed
+// and number of activations, regardless of the current console message volume. All of the timers
+// are canceled if the context passed through is canceled.
+func (ct *ConsoleThrottler) StartTimer(ctx context.Context) {
+	system.Every(ctx, time.Duration(int64(ct.LineResetInterval))*time.Millisecond, func(_ time.Time) {
+		ct.isThrottled.Store(false)
+		atomic.StoreUint64(&ct.count, 0)
+	})
+
+	system.Every(ctx, time.Duration(int64(ct.DecayInterval))*time.Millisecond, func(_ time.Time) {
+		ct.markActivation(false)
+	})
+}
+
+// Handles output from a server's console. This code ensures that a server is not outputting
+// an excessive amount of data to the console that could indicate a malicious or run-away process
+// and lead to performance issues for other users.
+//
+// This was much more of a problem for the NodeJS version of the daemon which struggled to handle
+// large volumes of output. However, this code is much more performant so I generally feel a lot
+// better about it's abilities.
+//
+// However, extreme output is still somewhat of a DoS attack vector against this software since we
+// are still logging it to the disk temporarily and will want to avoid dumping a huge amount of
+// data all at once. These values are all configurable via the wings configuration file, however the
+// defaults have been in the wild for almost two years at the time of this writing, so I feel quite
+// confident in them.
+//
+// This function returns an error if the server should be stopped due to violating throttle constraints
+// and a boolean value indicating if a throttle is being violated when it is checked.
+func (ct *ConsoleThrottler) Increment(onTrigger func()) error {
+	if !ct.Enabled {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Increment the line count and if we have now output more lines than are allowed, trigger a throttle
+	// activation. Once the throttle is triggered and has passed the kill at value we will trigger a server
+	// stop automatically.
+	if atomic.AddUint64(&ct.count, 1) >= ct.Lines && !ct.Throttled() {
+		ct.isThrottled.Store(true)
+		if ct.markActivation(true) >= ct.MaximumTriggerCount {
+			return ErrTooMuchConsoleData
+		}
+
+		onTrigger()
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Returns the throttler instance for the server or creates a new one.
+func (s *Server) Throttler() *ConsoleThrottler {
+	s.throttleOnce.Do(func() {
+		s.throttler = &ConsoleThrottler{
+			isThrottled:      system.NewAtomicBool(false),
+			ConsoleThrottles: config.Get().Throttles,
+		}
+	})
+	return s.throttler
+}
+
+// PublishConsoleOutputFromDaemon sends output to the server console formatted
+// to appear correctly as being sent from Wings.
 func (s *Server) PublishConsoleOutputFromDaemon(data string) {
+	if appName == "" {
+		appName = config.Get().AppName
+	}
 	s.Events().Publish(
 		ConsoleOutputEvent,
-		colorstring.Color(fmt.Sprintf("[yellow][bold][Pterodactyl Daemon]:[default] %s", data)),
+		colorstring.Color(fmt.Sprintf("[yellow][bold][%s Daemon]:[default] %s", appName, data)),
 	)
 }

server/crash.go

@@ -2,25 +2,41 @@ package server
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+	"strconv"
+	"sync"
 	"time"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/environment"
 )
 
-type CrashDetection struct {
-	// If set to false, the system will not listen for crash detection events that
-	// can indicate that the server stopped unexpectedly.
-	Enabled bool `default:"true" json:"enabled" yaml:"enabled"`
+type CrashHandler struct {
+	mu sync.RWMutex
 
 	// Tracks the time of the last server crash event.
 	lastCrash time.Time
 }
 
+// Returns the time of the last crash for this server instance.
+func (cd *CrashHandler) LastCrashTime() time.Time {
+	cd.mu.RLock()
+	defer cd.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	return cd.lastCrash
+}
+
+// Sets the last crash time for a server.
+func (cd *CrashHandler) SetLastCrash(t time.Time) {
+	cd.mu.Lock()
+	cd.lastCrash = t
+	cd.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
 // Looks at the environment exit state to determine if the process exited cleanly or
 // if it was the result of an event that we should try to recover from.
 //
 // This function assumes it is called under circumstances where a crash is suspected
-// of occuring. It will not do anything to determine if it was actually a crash, just
+// of occurring. It will not do anything to determine if it was actually a crash, just
 // look at the exit state and check if it meets the criteria of being called a crash
 // by Wings.
 //
@@ -30,11 +46,10 @@ func (s *Server) handleServerCrash() error {
 	// No point in doing anything here if the server isn't currently offline, there
 	// is no reason to do a crash detection event. If the server crash detection is
 	// disabled we want to skip anything after this as well.
-	if s.GetState() != ProcessOfflineState || !s.CrashDetection.Enabled {
-		if !s.CrashDetection.Enabled {
+	if s.Environment.State() != environment.ProcessOfflineState || !s.Config().CrashDetectionEnabled {
+		if !s.Config().CrashDetectionEnabled {
 			s.Log().Debug("server triggered crash detection but handler is disabled for server process")
-
-			s.PublishConsoleOutputFromDaemon("Server detected as crashed; crash detection is disabled for this instance.")
+			s.PublishConsoleOutputFromDaemon("Aborting automatic restart, crash detection is disabled for this instance.")
 		}
 
 		return nil
@@ -42,14 +57,13 @@ func (s *Server) handleServerCrash() error {
 
 	exitCode, oomKilled, err := s.Environment.ExitState()
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.WithStack(err)
+		return err
 	}
 
 	// If the system is not configured to detect a clean exit code as a crash, and the
 	// crash is not the result of the program running out of memory, do nothing.
-	if exitCode == 0 && !oomKilled && !config.Get().System.DetectCleanExitAsCrash {
+	if exitCode == 0 && !oomKilled && !config.Get().System.CrashDetection.DetectCleanExitAsCrash {
 		s.Log().Debug("server exited with successful exit code; system is configured to not detect this as a crash")
-
 		return nil
 	}
 
@@ -57,16 +71,19 @@ func (s *Server) handleServerCrash() error {
 	s.PublishConsoleOutputFromDaemon(fmt.Sprintf("Exit code: %d", exitCode))
 	s.PublishConsoleOutputFromDaemon(fmt.Sprintf("Out of memory: %t", oomKilled))
 
-	c := s.CrashDetection.lastCrash
-	// If the last crash time was within the last 60 seconds we do not want to perform
-	// an automatic reboot of the process. Return an error that can be handled.
-	if !c.IsZero() && c.Add(time.Second * 60).After(time.Now()) {
-		s.PublishConsoleOutputFromDaemon("Aborting automatic reboot: last crash occurred less than 60 seconds ago.")
+	c := s.crasher.LastCrashTime()
+	timeout := config.Get().System.CrashDetection.Timeout
 
+	// If the last crash time was within the last `timeout` seconds we do not want to perform
+	// an automatic reboot of the process. Return an error that can be handled.
+	//
+	// If timeout is set to 0, always reboot the server (this is probably a terrible idea, but some people want it)
+	if timeout != 0 && !c.IsZero() && c.Add(time.Second*time.Duration(config.Get().System.CrashDetection.Timeout)).After(time.Now()) {
+		s.PublishConsoleOutputFromDaemon("Aborting automatic restart, last crash occurred less than " + strconv.Itoa(timeout) + " seconds ago.")
 		return &crashTooFrequent{}
 	}
 
-	s.CrashDetection.lastCrash = time.Now()
+	s.crasher.SetLastCrash(time.Now())
 
-	return s.Environment.Start()
+	return s.HandlePowerAction(PowerActionStart)
 }

server/environment_docker.go

@@ -1,902 +0,0 @@
-package server
-
-import (
-	"bufio"
-	"bytes"
-	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"github.com/apex/log"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/mount"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/client"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/daemon/logger/jsonfilelog"
-	"github.com/docker/go-connections/nat"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/api"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
-	"io"
-	"os"
-	"strconv"
-	"strings"
-	"time"
-)
-
-// Defines the base environment for Docker instances running through Wings.
-type DockerEnvironment struct {
-	Server *Server
-
-	// The Docker client being used for this instance.
-	Client *client.Client
-
-	// Tracks if we are currently attached to the server container. This allows us to attach
-	// once and then just use that attachment to stream logs out of the server and also stream
-	// commands back into it without constantly attaching and detaching.
-	attached bool
-
-	// Controls the hijacked response stream which exists only when we're attached to
-	// the running container instance.
-	stream types.HijackedResponse
-
-	// Holds the stats stream used by the polling commands so that we can easily close
-	// it out.
-	stats io.ReadCloser
-}
-
-// Creates a new base Docker environment. A server must still be attached to it.
-func NewDockerEnvironment(server *Server) error {
-	cli, err := client.NewClientWithOpts(client.FromEnv)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	server.Environment = &DockerEnvironment{
-		Server: server,
-		Client: cli,
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Ensure that the Docker environment is always implementing all of the methods
-// from the base environment interface.
-var _ Environment = (*DockerEnvironment)(nil)
-
-// Returns the name of the environment.
-func (d *DockerEnvironment) Type() string {
-	return "docker"
-}
-
-// Determines if the container exists in this environment.
-func (d *DockerEnvironment) Exists() (bool, error) {
-	_, err := d.Client.ContainerInspect(context.Background(), d.Server.Uuid)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		// If this error is because the container instance wasn't found via Docker we
-		// can safely ignore the error and just return false.
-		if client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
-			return false, nil
-		}
-
-		return false, err
-	}
-
-	return true, nil
-}
-
-// Determines if the server's docker container is currently running. If there is no container
-// present, an error will be raised (since this shouldn't be a case that ever happens under
-// correctly developed circumstances).
-//
-// You can confirm if the instance wasn't found by using client.IsErrNotFound from the Docker
-// API.
-//
-// @see docker/client/errors.go
-func (d *DockerEnvironment) IsRunning() (bool, error) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
-
-	c, err := d.Client.ContainerInspect(ctx, d.Server.Uuid)
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, err
-	}
-
-	return c.State.Running, nil
-}
-
-// Performs an in-place update of the Docker container's resource limits without actually
-// making any changes to the operational state of the container. This allows memory, cpu,
-// and IO limitations to be adjusted on the fly for individual instances.
-func (d *DockerEnvironment) InSituUpdate() error {
-	if _, err := d.Client.ContainerInspect(context.Background(), d.Server.Uuid); err != nil {
-		// If the container doesn't exist for some reason there really isn't anything
-		// we can do to fix that in this process (it doesn't make sense at least). In those
-		// cases just return without doing anything since we still want to save the configuration
-		// to the disk.
-		//
-		// We'll let a boot process make modifications to the container if needed at this point.
-		if client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
-			return nil
-		}
-
-		return errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-
-	ctx, _ := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second * 10)
-	u := container.UpdateConfig{
-		Resources: d.getResourcesForServer(),
-	}
-
-	d.Server.Log().WithField("limits", fmt.Sprintf("%+v", u.Resources)).Debug("updating server container on-the-fly with passed limits")
-	if _, err := d.Client.ContainerUpdate(ctx, d.Server.Uuid, u); err != nil {
-		return errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Run before the container starts and get the process configuration from the Panel.
-// This is important since we use this to check configuration files as well as ensure
-// we always have the latest version of an egg available for server processes.
-//
-// This process will also confirm that the server environment exists and is in a bootable
-// state. This ensures that unexpected container deletion while Wings is running does
-// not result in the server becoming unbootable.
-func (d *DockerEnvironment) OnBeforeStart() error {
-	d.Server.Log().Info("syncing server configuration with panel")
-	if err := d.Server.Sync(); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if !d.Server.Filesystem.HasSpaceAvailable() {
-		return errors.New("cannot start server, not enough disk space available")
-	}
-
-	// Always destroy and re-create the server container to ensure that synced data from
-	// the Panel is used.
-	if err := d.Client.ContainerRemove(context.Background(), d.Server.Uuid, types.ContainerRemoveOptions{RemoveVolumes: true}); err != nil {
-		if !client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	// The Create() function will check if the container exists in the first place, and if
-	// so just silently return without an error. Otherwise, it will try to create the necessary
-	// container and data storage directory.
-	//
-	// This won't actually run an installation process however, it is just here to ensure the
-	// environment gets created properly if it is missing and the server is started. We're making
-	// an assumption that all of the files will still exist at this point.
-	if err := d.Create(); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Starts the server environment and begins piping output to the event listeners for the
-// console. If a container does not exist, or needs to be rebuilt that will happen in the
-// call to OnBeforeStart().
-func (d *DockerEnvironment) Start() error {
-	sawError := false
-	// If sawError is set to true there was an error somewhere in the pipeline that
-	// got passed up, but we also want to ensure we set the server to be offline at
-	// that point.
-	defer func() {
-		if sawError {
-			// If we don't set it to stopping first, you'll trigger crash detection which
-			// we don't want to do at this point since it'll just immediately try to do the
-			// exact same action that lead to it crashing in the first place...
-			d.Server.SetState(ProcessStoppingState)
-			d.Server.SetState(ProcessOfflineState)
-		}
-	}()
-
-	// If the server is suspended the user shouldn't be able to boot it, in those cases
-	// return a suspension error and let the calling area handle the issue.
-	//
-	// Theoretically you'd have the Panel handle all of this logic, but we cannot do that
-	// because we allow the websocket to control the server power state as well, so we'll
-	// need to handle that action in here.
-	if d.Server.Suspended {
-		return &suspendedError{}
-	}
-
-	if c, err := d.Client.ContainerInspect(context.Background(), d.Server.Uuid); err != nil {
-		// Do nothing if the container is not found, we just don't want to continue
-		// to the next block of code here. This check was inlined here to guard againt
-		// a nil-pointer when checking c.State below.
-		//
-		// @see https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/issues/2000
-		if !client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
-			return errors.WithStack(err)
-		}
-	} else {
-		// If the server is running update our internal state and continue on with the attach.
-		if c.State.Running {
-			d.Server.SetState(ProcessRunningState)
-
-			return d.Attach()
-		}
-
-		// Truncate the log file so we don't end up outputting a bunch of useless log information
-		// to the websocket and whatnot. Check first that the path and file exist before trying
-		// to truncate them.
-		if _, err := os.Stat(c.LogPath); err == nil {
-			if err := os.Truncate(c.LogPath, 0); err != nil {
-				return errors.WithStack(err)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	d.Server.SetState(ProcessStartingState)
-	// Set this to true for now, we will set it to false once we reach the
-	// end of this chain.
-	sawError = true
-
-	// Run the before start function and wait for it to finish. This will validate that the container
-	// exists on the system, and rebuild the container if that is required for server booting to
-	// occur.
-	if err := d.OnBeforeStart(); err != nil {
-		return errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-
-	// Update the configuration files defined for the server before beginning the boot process.
-	// This process executes a bunch of parallel updates, so we just block until that process
-	// is completed. Any errors as a result of this will just be bubbled out in the logger,
-	// we don't need to actively do anything about it at this point, worst comes to worst the
-	// server starts in a weird state and the user can manually adjust.
-	d.Server.UpdateConfigurationFiles()
-
-	// Reset the permissions on files for the server before actually trying
-	// to start it.
-	if err := d.Server.Filesystem.Chown("/"); err != nil {
-		return errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-
-	ctx, _ := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second * 10)
-	if err := d.Client.ContainerStart(ctx, d.Server.Uuid, types.ContainerStartOptions{}); err != nil {
-		return errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-
-	// No errors, good to continue through.
-	sawError = false
-
-	return d.Attach()
-}
-
-// Stops the container that the server is running in. This will allow up to 10
-// seconds to pass before a failure occurs.
-func (d *DockerEnvironment) Stop() error {
-	stop := d.Server.processConfiguration.Stop
-	if stop.Type == api.ProcessStopSignal {
-		return d.Terminate(os.Kill)
-	}
-
-	d.Server.SetState(ProcessStoppingState)
-	if stop.Type == api.ProcessStopCommand {
-		return d.SendCommand(stop.Value)
-	}
-
-	t := time.Second * 10
-
-	return d.Client.ContainerStop(context.Background(), d.Server.Uuid, &t)
-}
-
-// Attempts to gracefully stop a server using the defined stop command. If the server
-// does not stop after seconds have passed, an error will be returned, or the instance
-// will be terminated forcefully depending on the value of the second argument.
-func (d *DockerEnvironment) WaitForStop(seconds int, terminate bool) error {
-	if d.Server.GetState() == ProcessOfflineState {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	if err := d.Stop(); err != nil {
-		return errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Duration(seconds)*time.Second)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	// Block the return of this function until the container as been marked as no
-	// longer running. If this wait does not end by the time seconds have passed,
-	// attempt to terminate the container, or return an error.
-	ok, errChan := d.Client.ContainerWait(ctx, d.Server.Uuid, container.WaitConditionNotRunning)
-	select {
-	case <-ctx.Done():
-		if ctxErr := ctx.Err(); ctxErr != nil {
-			if terminate {
-				return d.Terminate(os.Kill)
-			}
-
-			return errors.WithStack(ctxErr)
-		}
-	case err := <-errChan:
-		if err != nil {
-			return errors.WithStack(err)
-		}
-	case <-ok:
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Forcefully terminates the container using the signal passed through.
-func (d *DockerEnvironment) Terminate(signal os.Signal) error {
-	ctx := context.Background()
-
-	c, err := d.Client.ContainerInspect(ctx, d.Server.Uuid)
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-
-	if !c.State.Running {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	d.Server.SetState(ProcessStoppingState)
-
-	return d.Client.ContainerKill(
-		ctx, d.Server.Uuid, strings.TrimSuffix(strings.TrimPrefix(signal.String(), "signal "), "ed"),
-	)
-}
-
-// Remove the Docker container from the machine. If the container is currently running
-// it will be forcibly stopped by Docker.
-func (d *DockerEnvironment) Destroy() error {
-	ctx := context.Background()
-
-	// Avoid crash detection firing off.
-	d.Server.SetState(ProcessStoppingState)
-
-	err := d.Client.ContainerRemove(ctx, d.Server.Uuid, types.ContainerRemoveOptions{
-		RemoveVolumes: true,
-		RemoveLinks:   false,
-		Force:         true,
-	})
-
-	// Don't trigger a destroy failure if we try to delete a container that does not
-	// exist on the system. We're just a step ahead of ourselves in that case.
-	//
-	// @see https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/issues/2001
-	if err != nil && client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	return err
-}
-
-// Determine the container exit state and return the exit code and wether or not
-// the container was killed by the OOM killer.
-func (d *DockerEnvironment) ExitState() (uint32, bool, error) {
-	c, err := d.Client.ContainerInspect(context.Background(), d.Server.Uuid)
-	if err != nil {
-		// I'm not entirely sure how this can happen to be honest. I tried deleting a
-		// container _while_ a server was running and wings gracefully saw the crash and
-		// created a new container for it.
-		//
-		// However, someone reported an error in Discord about this scenario happening,
-		// so I guess this should prevent it? They didn't tell me how they caused it though
-		// so thats a mystery that will have to go unsolved.
-		//
-		// @see https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/issues/2003
-		if client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
-			return 1, false, nil
-		}
-
-		return 0, false, errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-
-	return uint32(c.State.ExitCode), c.State.OOMKilled, nil
-}
-
-// Attaches to the docker container itself and ensures that we can pipe data in and out
-// of the process stream. This should not be used for reading console data as you *will*
-// miss important output at the beginning because of the time delay with attaching to the
-// output.
-func (d *DockerEnvironment) Attach() error {
-	if d.attached {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	if err := d.FollowConsoleOutput(); err != nil {
-		return errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-
-	ctx := context.Background()
-
-	var err error
-	d.stream, err = d.Client.ContainerAttach(ctx, d.Server.Uuid, types.ContainerAttachOptions{
-		Stdin:  true,
-		Stdout: true,
-		Stderr: true,
-		Stream: true,
-	})
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-
-	console := Console{
-		Server: d.Server,
-	}
-
-	d.attached = true
-	go func() {
-		if err := d.EnableResourcePolling(); err != nil {
-			d.Server.Log().WithField("error", errors.WithStack(err)).Warn("failed to enable resource polling on server")
-		}
-	}()
-
-	go func() {
-		defer d.stream.Close()
-		defer func() {
-			d.Server.SetState(ProcessOfflineState)
-			d.attached = false
-		}()
-
-		io.Copy(console, d.stream.Reader)
-	}()
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Attaches to the log for the container. This avoids us missing cruicial output that
-// happens in the split seconds before the code moves from 'Starting' to 'Attaching'
-// on the process.
-func (d *DockerEnvironment) FollowConsoleOutput() error {
-	if exists, err := d.Exists(); !exists {
-		if err != nil {
-			return errors.WithStack(err)
-		}
-
-		return errors.New(fmt.Sprintf("no such container: %s", d.Server.Uuid))
-	}
-
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	opts := types.ContainerLogsOptions{
-		ShowStderr: true,
-		ShowStdout: true,
-		Follow:     true,
-		Since:      time.Now().Format(time.RFC3339),
-	}
-
-	reader, err := d.Client.ContainerLogs(ctx, d.Server.Uuid, opts)
-
-	go func(r io.ReadCloser) {
-		defer r.Close()
-
-		s := bufio.NewScanner(r)
-		for s.Scan() {
-			d.Server.Events().Publish(ConsoleOutputEvent, s.Text())
-		}
-
-		if err := s.Err(); err != nil {
-			d.Server.Log().WithField("error", err).Warn("error processing scanner line in console output")
-		}
-	}(reader)
-
-	return errors.WithStack(err)
-}
-
-// Enables resource polling on the docker instance. Except we aren't actually polling Docker for this
-// information, instead just sit there with an async process that lets Docker stream all of this data
-// to us automatically.
-func (d *DockerEnvironment) EnableResourcePolling() error {
-	if d.Server.GetState() == ProcessOfflineState {
-		return errors.New("cannot enable resource polling on a server that is not running")
-	}
-
-	ctx := context.Background()
-
-	stats, err := d.Client.ContainerStats(ctx, d.Server.Uuid, true)
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-	d.stats = stats.Body
-
-	dec := json.NewDecoder(d.stats)
-	go func(s *Server) {
-		for {
-			var v *types.StatsJSON
-
-			if err := dec.Decode(&v); err != nil {
-				if err != io.EOF {
-					d.Server.Log().WithField("error", err).Warn("encountered error processing server stats, stopping collection")
-				}
-
-				d.DisableResourcePolling()
-				return
-			}
-
-			// Disable collection if the server is in an offline state and this process is
-			// still running.
-			if s.GetState() == ProcessOfflineState {
-				d.DisableResourcePolling()
-				return
-			}
-
-			s.Resources.CpuAbsolute = s.Resources.CalculateAbsoluteCpu(&v.PreCPUStats, &v.CPUStats)
-			s.Resources.Memory = s.Resources.CalculateDockerMemory(v.MemoryStats)
-			s.Resources.MemoryLimit = v.MemoryStats.Limit
-
-			// Why you ask? This already has the logic for caching disk space in use and then
-			// also handles pushing that value to the resources object automatically.
-			s.Filesystem.HasSpaceAvailable()
-
-			for _, nw := range v.Networks {
-				s.Resources.Network.RxBytes += nw.RxBytes
-				s.Resources.Network.TxBytes += nw.TxBytes
-			}
-
-			b, _ := json.Marshal(s.Resources)
-			s.Events().Publish(StatsEvent, string(b))
-		}
-	}(d.Server)
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Closes the stats stream for a server process.
-func (d *DockerEnvironment) DisableResourcePolling() error {
-	if d.stats == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	err := d.stats.Close()
-
-	d.Server.Resources.CpuAbsolute = 0
-	d.Server.Resources.Memory = 0
-	d.Server.Resources.Network.TxBytes = 0
-	d.Server.Resources.Network.RxBytes = 0
-
-	return errors.WithStack(err)
-}
-
-// Pulls the image from Docker. If there is an error while pulling the image from the source
-// but the image already exists locally, we will report that error to the logger but continue
-// with the process.
-//
-// The reasoning behind this is that Quay has had some serious outages as of late, and we don't
-// need to block all of the servers from booting just because of that. I'd imagine in a lot of
-// cases an outage shouldn't affect users too badly. It'll at least keep existing servers working
-// correctly if anything.
-//
-// @todo handle authorization & local images
-func (d *DockerEnvironment) ensureImageExists(c *client.Client) error {
-	// Give it up to 15 minutes to pull the image. I think this should cover 99.8% of cases where an
-	// image pull might fail. I can't imagine it will ever take more than 15 minutes to fully pull
-	// an image. Let me know when I am inevitably wrong here...
-	ctx, _ := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Minute*15)
-
-	out, err := c.ImagePull(ctx, d.Server.Container.Image, types.ImagePullOptions{All: false})
-	if err != nil {
-		images, ierr := c.ImageList(ctx, types.ImageListOptions{})
-		if ierr != nil {
-			// Well damn, something has gone really wrong here, just go ahead and abort there
-			// isn't much anything we can do to try and self-recover from this.
-			return ierr
-		}
-
-		for _, img := range images {
-			for _, t := range img.RepoTags {
-				if t == d.Server.Container.Image {
-					d.Server.Log().WithFields(log.Fields{
-						"image": d.Server.Container.Image,
-						"error": errors.New(err.Error()),
-					}).Warn("unable to pull requested image from remote source, however the image exists locally")
-
-					// Okay, we found a matching container image, in that case just go ahead and return
-					// from this function, since there is nothing else we need to do here.
-					return nil
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		return err
-	}
-	defer out.Close()
-
-	log.WithField("image", d.Server.Container.Image).Debug("pulling docker image... this could take a bit of time")
-
-	// I'm not sure what the best approach here is, but this will block execution until the image
-	// is done being pulled, which is what we need.
-	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(out)
-	for scanner.Scan() {
-		continue
-	}
-
-	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Creates a new container for the server using all of the data that is currently
-// available for it. If the container already exists it will be returned.
-func (d *DockerEnvironment) Create() error {
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	cli, err := client.NewClientWithOpts(client.FromEnv)
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-
-	// Ensure the data directory exists before getting too far through this process.
-	if err := d.Server.Filesystem.EnsureDataDirectory(); err != nil {
-		return errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-
-	// If the container already exists don't hit the user with an error, just return
-	// the current information about it which is what we would do when creating the
-	// container anyways.
-	if _, err := cli.ContainerInspect(ctx, d.Server.Uuid); err == nil {
-		return nil
-	} else if !client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
-		return errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-
-	// Try to pull the requested image before creating the container.
-	if err := d.ensureImageExists(cli); err != nil {
-		return errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-
-	conf := &container.Config{
-		Hostname:     "container",
-		User:         strconv.Itoa(config.Get().System.User.Uid),
-		AttachStdin:  true,
-		AttachStdout: true,
-		AttachStderr: true,
-		OpenStdin:    true,
-		Tty:          true,
-
-		ExposedPorts: d.exposedPorts(),
-
-		Image: d.Server.Container.Image,
-		Env:   d.environmentVariables(),
-
-		Labels: map[string]string{
-			"Service":       "Pterodactyl",
-			"ContainerType": "server_process",
-		},
-	}
-
-	hostConf := &container.HostConfig{
-		PortBindings: d.portBindings(),
-
-		// Configure the mounts for this container. First mount the server data directory
-		// into the container as a r/w bind.
-		Mounts: []mount.Mount{
-			{
-				Target:   "/home/container",
-				Source:   d.Server.Filesystem.Path(),
-				Type:     mount.TypeBind,
-				ReadOnly: false,
-			},
-		},
-
-		// Configure the /tmp folder mapping in containers. This is necessary for some
-		// games that need to make use of it for downloads and other installation processes.
-		Tmpfs: map[string]string{
-			"/tmp": "rw,exec,nosuid,size=50M",
-		},
-
-		// Define resource limits for the container based on the data passed through
-		// from the Panel.
-		Resources: d.getResourcesForServer(),
-
-		DNS: config.Get().Docker.Network.Dns,
-
-		// Configure logging for the container to make it easier on the Daemon to grab
-		// the server output. Ensure that we don't use too much space on the host machine
-		// since we only need it for the last few hundred lines of output and don't care
-		// about anything else in it.
-		LogConfig: container.LogConfig{
-			Type: jsonfilelog.Name,
-			Config: map[string]string{
-				"max-size": "5m",
-				"max-file": "1",
-			},
-		},
-
-		SecurityOpt:    []string{"no-new-privileges"},
-		ReadonlyRootfs: true,
-		CapDrop: []string{
-			"setpcap", "mknod", "audit_write", "net_raw", "dac_override",
-			"fowner", "fsetid", "net_bind_service", "sys_chroot", "setfcap",
-		},
-		NetworkMode: container.NetworkMode(config.Get().Docker.Network.Mode),
-	}
-
-	if _, err := cli.ContainerCreate(ctx, conf, hostConf, nil, d.Server.Uuid); err != nil {
-		return errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Sends the specified command to the stdin of the running container instance. There is no
-// confirmation that this data is sent successfully, only that it gets pushed into the stdin.
-func (d *DockerEnvironment) SendCommand(c string) error {
-	if !d.attached {
-		return errors.New("attempting to send command to non-attached instance")
-	}
-
-	_, err := d.stream.Conn.Write([]byte(c + "\n"))
-
-	return errors.WithStack(err)
-}
-
-// Reads the log file for the server. This does not care if the server is running or not, it will
-// simply try to read the last X bytes of the file and return them.
-func (d *DockerEnvironment) Readlog(len int64) ([]string, error) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
-
-	j, err := d.Client.ContainerInspect(ctx, d.Server.Uuid)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	if j.LogPath == "" {
-		return nil, errors.New("empty log path defined for server")
-	}
-
-	f, err := os.Open(j.LogPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	defer f.Close()
-
-	// Check if the length of the file is smaller than the amount of data that was requested
-	// for reading. If so, adjust the length to be the total length of the file. If this is not
-	// done an error is thrown since we're reading backwards, and not forwards.
-	if stat, err := os.Stat(j.LogPath); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	} else if stat.Size() < len {
-		len = stat.Size()
-	}
-
-	// Seed to the end of the file and then move backwards until the length is met to avoid
-	// reading the entirety of the file into memory.
-	if _, err := f.Seek(-len, io.SeekEnd); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	b := make([]byte, len)
-
-	if _, err := f.Read(b); err != nil && err != io.EOF {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return d.parseLogToStrings(b)
-}
-
-type dockerLogLine struct {
-	Log string `json:"log"`
-}
-
-// Docker stores the logs for server output in a JSON format. This function will iterate over the JSON
-// that was read from the log file and parse it into a more human readable format.
-func (d *DockerEnvironment) parseLogToStrings(b []byte) ([]string, error) {
-	var hasError = false
-	var out []string
-
-	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(bytes.NewReader(b))
-	for scanner.Scan() {
-		var l dockerLogLine
-		// Unmarshal the contents and allow up to a single error before bailing out of the process. We
-		// do this because if you're arbitrarily reading a length of the file you'll likely end up
-		// with the first line in the output being improperly formatted JSON. In those cases we want to
-		// just skip over it. However if we see another error we're going to bail out because that is an
-		// abnormal situation.
-		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(scanner.Text()), &l); err != nil {
-			if hasError {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-
-			hasError = true
-			continue
-		}
-
-		out = append(out, l.Log)
-	}
-
-	return out, nil
-}
-
-// Returns the environment variables for a server in KEY="VALUE" form.
-func (d *DockerEnvironment) environmentVariables() []string {
-	zone, _ := time.Now().In(time.Local).Zone()
-
-	var out = []string{
-		fmt.Sprintf("TZ=%s", zone),
-		fmt.Sprintf("STARTUP=%s", d.Server.Invocation),
-		fmt.Sprintf("SERVER_MEMORY=%d", d.Server.Build.MemoryLimit),
-		fmt.Sprintf("SERVER_IP=%s", d.Server.Allocations.DefaultMapping.Ip),
-		fmt.Sprintf("SERVER_PORT=%d", d.Server.Allocations.DefaultMapping.Port),
-	}
-
-eloop:
-	for k, v := range d.Server.EnvVars {
-		for _, e := range out {
-			if strings.HasPrefix(e, strings.ToUpper(k)) {
-				continue eloop
-			}
-		}
-
-		out = append(out, fmt.Sprintf("%s=%s", strings.ToUpper(k), v))
-	}
-
-	return out
-}
-
-func (d *DockerEnvironment) volumes() map[string]struct{} {
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Converts the server allocation mappings into a format that can be understood
-// by Docker.
-func (d *DockerEnvironment) portBindings() nat.PortMap {
-	var out = nat.PortMap{}
-
-	for ip, ports := range d.Server.Allocations.Mappings {
-		for _, port := range ports {
-			// Skip over invalid ports.
-			if port < 0 || port > 65535 {
-				continue
-			}
-
-			binding := []nat.PortBinding{
-				{
-					HostIP:   ip,
-					HostPort: strconv.Itoa(port),
-				},
-			}
-
-			out[nat.Port(fmt.Sprintf("%d/tcp", port))] = binding
-			out[nat.Port(fmt.Sprintf("%d/udp", port))] = binding
-		}
-	}
-
-	return out
-}
-
-// Converts the server allocation mappings into a PortSet that can be understood
-// by Docker. This formatting is slightly different than portBindings as it should
-// return an empty struct rather than a binding.
-//
-// To accomplish this, we'll just get the values from portBindings and then set them
-// to empty structs. Because why not.
-func (d *DockerEnvironment) exposedPorts() nat.PortSet {
-	var out = nat.PortSet{}
-
-	for port := range d.portBindings() {
-		out[port] = struct{}{}
-	}
-
-	return out
-}
-
-// Formats the resources available to a server instance in such as way that Docker will
-// generate a matching environment in the container.
-//
-// This will set the actual memory limit on the container using the multiplier which is the
-// hard limit for the container (after which will result in a crash). We then set the
-// reservation to be the expected memory limit based on simply multiplication.
-//
-// The swap value is either -1 to disable it, or set to the value of the hard memory limit
-// plus the additional swap assigned to the server since Docker expects this value to be
-// the same or higher than the memory limit.
-func (d *DockerEnvironment) getResourcesForServer() container.Resources {
-	return container.Resources{
-		Memory:            d.Server.Build.BoundedMemoryLimit(),
-		MemoryReservation: d.Server.Build.MemoryLimit * 1_000_000,
-		MemorySwap:        d.Server.Build.ConvertedSwap(),
-		CPUQuota:          d.Server.Build.ConvertedCpuLimit(),
-		CPUPeriod:         100_000,
-		CPUShares:         1024,
-		BlkioWeight:       d.Server.Build.IoWeight,
-		OomKillDisable:    &d.Server.Container.OomDisabled,
-		CpusetCpus:        d.Server.Build.Threads,
-	}
-}

server/errors.go

@@ -1,17 +1,16 @@
 package server
 
-type suspendedError struct {
-}
+import (
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+)
 
-func (e *suspendedError) Error() string {
-	return "server is currently in a suspended state"
-}
-
-func IsSuspendedError(err error) bool {
-	_, ok := err.(*suspendedError)
-
-	return ok
-}
+var (
+	ErrIsRunning            = errors.New("server is running")
+	ErrSuspended            = errors.New("server is currently in a suspended state")
+	ErrServerIsInstalling   = errors.New("server is currently installing")
+	ErrServerIsTransferring = errors.New("server is currently being transferred")
+	ErrServerIsRestoring    = errors.New("server is currently being restored")
+)
 
 type crashTooFrequent struct {
 }

server/events.go

@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 package server
 
 import (
-	"encoding/json"
-	"strings"
-	"sync"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/events"
 )
 
 // Defines all of the possible output events for a server.
@@ -11,110 +9,25 @@ import (
 const (
 	DaemonMessageEvent          = "daemon message"
 	InstallOutputEvent          = "install output"
+	InstallStartedEvent         = "install started"
+	InstallCompletedEvent       = "install completed"
 	ConsoleOutputEvent          = "console output"
 	StatusEvent                 = "status"
 	StatsEvent                  = "stats"
+	BackupRestoreCompletedEvent = "backup restore completed"
 	BackupCompletedEvent        = "backup completed"
+	TransferLogsEvent           = "transfer logs"
+	TransferStatusEvent         = "transfer status"
 )
 
-type Event struct {
-	Data  string
-	Topic string
-}
-
-type EventBus struct {
-	sync.RWMutex
-
-	subscribers map[string][]chan Event
-}
-
 // Returns the server's emitter instance.
-func (s *Server) Events() *EventBus {
+func (s *Server) Events() *events.EventBus {
+	s.emitterLock.Lock()
+	defer s.emitterLock.Unlock()
+
 	if s.emitter == nil {
-		s.emitter = &EventBus{
-			subscribers: map[string][]chan Event{},
-		}
+		s.emitter = events.New()
 	}
 
 	return s.emitter
 }
-
-// Publish data to a given topic.
-func (e *EventBus) Publish(topic string, data string) {
-	e.RLock()
-	defer e.RUnlock()
-
-	t := topic
-	// Some of our topics for the socket support passing a more specific namespace,
-	// such as "backup completed:1234" to indicate which specific backup was completed.
-	//
-	// In these cases, we still need to the send the event using the standard listener
-	// name of "backup completed".
-	if strings.Contains(topic, ":") {
-		parts := strings.SplitN(topic, ":", 2)
-
-		if len(parts) == 2 {
-			t = parts[0]
-		}
-	}
-
-	if ch, ok := e.subscribers[t]; ok {
-		go func(data Event, cs []chan Event) {
-			for _, channel := range cs {
-				channel <- data
-			}
-		}(Event{Data: data, Topic: topic}, ch)
-	}
-}
-
-func (e *EventBus) PublishJson(topic string, data interface{}) error {
-	b, err := json.Marshal(data)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	e.Publish(topic, string(b))
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Subscribe to an emitter topic using a channel.
-func (e *EventBus) Subscribe(topic string, ch chan Event) {
-	e.Lock()
-	defer e.Unlock()
-
-	if p, ok := e.subscribers[topic]; ok {
-		e.subscribers[topic] = append(p, ch)
-	} else {
-		e.subscribers[topic] = append([]chan Event{}, ch)
-	}
-}
-
-// Unsubscribe a channel from a topic.
-func (e *EventBus) Unsubscribe(topic string, ch chan Event) {
-	e.Lock()
-	defer e.Unlock()
-
-	if _, ok := e.subscribers[topic]; ok {
-		for i := range e.subscribers[topic] {
-			if ch == e.subscribers[topic][i] {
-				e.subscribers[topic] = append(e.subscribers[topic][:i], e.subscribers[topic][i+1:]...)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// Removes all of the event listeners for the server. This is used when a server
-// is being deleted to avoid a bunch of de-reference errors cropping up. Obviously
-// should also check elsewhere and handle a server reference going nil, but this
-// won't hurt.
-func (e *EventBus) UnsubscribeAll() {
-	e.Lock()
-	defer e.Unlock()
-
-	// Loop over all of the subscribers and just remove all of the events
-	// for them.
-	for t := range e.subscribers {
-		e.subscribers[t] = make([]chan Event, 0)
-	}
-}

server/filesystem.go

@@ -1,603 +0,0 @@
-package server
-
-import (
-	"bufio"
-	"bytes"
-	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server/backup"
-	ignore "github.com/sabhiram/go-gitignore"
-	"io"
-	"io/ioutil"
-	"os"
-	"path"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"sort"
-	"strconv"
-	"strings"
-	"sync"
-	"sync/atomic"
-	"time"
-)
-
-// Error returned when there is a bad path provided to one of the FS calls.
-var InvalidPathResolution = errors.New("invalid path resolution")
-
-type Filesystem struct {
-	// The server object associated with this Filesystem.
-	Server *Server
-
-	Configuration *config.SystemConfiguration
-}
-
-// Returns the root path that contains all of a server's data.
-func (fs *Filesystem) Path() string {
-	return filepath.Join(fs.Configuration.Data, fs.Server.Uuid)
-}
-
-// Normalizes a directory being passed in to ensure the user is not able to escape
-// from their data directory. After normalization if the directory is still within their home
-// path it is returned. If they managed to "escape" an error will be returned.
-//
-// This logic is actually copied over from the SFTP server code. Ideally that eventually
-// either gets ported into this application, or is able to make use of this package.
-func (fs *Filesystem) SafePath(p string) (string, error) {
-	var nonExistentPathResolution string
-
-	// Calling filpath.Clean on the joined directory will resolve it to the absolute path,
-	// removing any ../ type of resolution arguments, and leaving us with a direct path link.
-	//
-	// This will also trim the existing root path off the beginning of the path passed to
-	// the function since that can get a bit messy.
-	r := filepath.Clean(filepath.Join(fs.Path(), strings.TrimPrefix(p, fs.Path())))
-
-	// At the same time, evaluate the symlink status and determine where this file or folder
-	// is truly pointing to.
-	p, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(r)
-	if err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		return "", err
-	} else if os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		// The requested directory doesn't exist, so at this point we need to iterate up the
-		// path chain until we hit a directory that _does_ exist and can be validated.
-		parts := strings.Split(filepath.Dir(r), "/")
-
-		var try string
-		// Range over all of the path parts and form directory pathings from the end
-		// moving up until we have a valid resolution or we run out of paths to try.
-		for k := range parts {
-			try = strings.Join(parts[:(len(parts)-k)], "/")
-
-			if !strings.HasPrefix(try, fs.Path()) {
-				break
-			}
-
-			t, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(try)
-			if err == nil {
-				nonExistentPathResolution = t
-				break
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	// If the new path doesn't start with their root directory there is clearly an escape
-	// attempt going on, and we should NOT resolve this path for them.
-	if nonExistentPathResolution != "" {
-		if !strings.HasPrefix(nonExistentPathResolution, fs.Path()) {
-			return "", InvalidPathResolution
-		}
-
-		// If the nonExistentPathResolution variable is not empty then the initial path requested
-		// did not exist and we looped through the pathway until we found a match. At this point
-		// we've confirmed the first matched pathway exists in the root server directory, so we
-		// can go ahead and just return the path that was requested initially.
-		return r, nil
-	}
-
-	// If the requested directory from EvalSymlinks begins with the server root directory go
-	// ahead and return it. If not we'll return an error which will block any further action
-	// on the file.
-	if strings.HasPrefix(p, fs.Path()) {
-		return p, nil
-	}
-
-	return "", InvalidPathResolution
-}
-
-// Determines if the directory a file is trying to be added to has enough space available
-// for the file to be written to.
-//
-// Because determining the amount of space being used by a server is a taxing operation we
-// will load it all up into a cache and pull from that as long as the key is not expired.
-func (fs *Filesystem) HasSpaceAvailable() bool {
-	var space = fs.Server.Build.DiskSpace
-
-	// If space is -1 or 0 just return true, means they're allowed unlimited.
-	if space <= 0 {
-		return true
-	}
-
-	// If we have a match in the cache, use that value in the return. No need to perform an expensive
-	// disk operation, even if this is an empty value.
-	if x, exists := fs.Server.Cache.Get("disk_used"); exists {
-		fs.Server.Resources.Disk = x.(int64)
-		return (x.(int64) / 1000.0 / 1000.0) <= space
-	}
-
-	// If there is no size its either because there is no data (in which case running this function
-	// will have effectively no impact), or there is nothing in the cache, in which case we need to
-	// grab the size of their data directory. This is a taxing operation, so we want to store it in
-	// the cache once we've gotten it.
-	size, err := fs.DirectorySize("/")
-	if err != nil {
-		fs.Server.Log().WithField("error", err).Warn("failed to determine root server directory size")
-	}
-
-	// Always cache the size, even if there is an error. We want to always return that value
-	// so that we don't cause an endless loop of determining the disk size if there is a temporary
-	// error encountered.
-	fs.Server.Cache.Set("disk_used", size, time.Second*60)
-
-	// Determine if their folder size, in bytes, is smaller than the amount of space they've
-	// been allocated.
-	fs.Server.Resources.Disk = size
-
-	return (size / 1000.0 / 1000.0) <= space
-}
-
-// Determines the directory size of a given location by running parallel tasks to iterate
-// through all of the folders. Returns the size in bytes. This can be a fairly taxing operation
-// on locations with tons of files, so it is recommended that you cache the output.
-func (fs *Filesystem) DirectorySize(dir string) (int64, error) {
-	w := fs.NewWalker()
-	ctx := context.Background()
-
-	var size int64
-	err := w.Walk(dir, ctx, func(f os.FileInfo, _ string) bool {
-		// Only increment the size when we're dealing with a file specifically, otherwise
-		// just continue digging deeper until there are no more directories to iterate over.
-		if !f.IsDir() {
-			atomic.AddInt64(&size, f.Size())
-		}
-		return true
-	})
-
-	return size, err
-}
-
-// Reads a file on the system and returns it as a byte representation in a file
-// reader. This is not the most memory efficient usage since it will be reading the
-// entirety of the file into memory.
-func (fs *Filesystem) Readfile(p string) (io.Reader, error) {
-	cleaned, err := fs.SafePath(p)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	b, err := ioutil.ReadFile(cleaned)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return bytes.NewReader(b), nil
-}
-
-// Writes a file to the system. If the file does not already exist one will be created.
-//
-// @todo should probably have a write lock here so we don't write twice at once.
-func (fs *Filesystem) Writefile(p string, r io.Reader) error {
-	cleaned, err := fs.SafePath(p)
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-
-	// If the file does not exist on the system already go ahead and create the pathway
-	// to it and an empty file. We'll then write to it later on after this completes.
-	if stat, err := os.Stat(cleaned); err != nil && os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(cleaned), 0755); err != nil {
-			return errors.WithStack(err)
-		}
-
-		if err := fs.Chown(filepath.Dir(cleaned)); err != nil {
-			return errors.WithStack(err)
-		}
-	} else if err != nil {
-		return errors.WithStack(err)
-	} else if stat.IsDir() {
-		return errors.New("cannot use a directory as a file for writing")
-	}
-
-	// This will either create the file if it does not already exist, or open and
-	// truncate the existing file.
-	file, err := os.OpenFile(cleaned, os.O_RDWR|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC, 0644)
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-	defer file.Close()
-
-	// Create a new buffered writer that will write to the file we just opened
-	// and stream in the contents from the reader.
-	w := bufio.NewWriter(file)
-
-	buf := make([]byte, 1024)
-	for {
-		n, err := r.Read(buf)
-		if err != nil && err != io.EOF {
-			return errors.WithStack(err)
-		}
-
-		if n == 0 {
-			break
-		}
-
-		if _, err := w.Write(buf[:n]); err != nil {
-			return errors.WithStack(err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if err := w.Flush(); err != nil {
-		return errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-
-	// Finally, chown the file to ensure the permissions don't end up out-of-whack
-	// if we had just created it.
-	return fs.Chown(p)
-}
-
-// Defines the stat struct object.
-type Stat struct {
-	Info     os.FileInfo
-	Mimetype string
-}
-
-func (s *Stat) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
-	return json.Marshal(struct {
-		Name      string `json:"name"`
-		Created   string `json:"created"`
-		Modified  string `json:"modified"`
-		Mode      string `json:"mode"`
-		Size      int64  `json:"size"`
-		Directory bool   `json:"directory"`
-		File      bool   `json:"file"`
-		Symlink   bool   `json:"symlink"`
-		Mime      string `json:"mime"`
-	}{
-		Name:      s.Info.Name(),
-		Created:   s.CTime().Format(time.RFC3339),
-		Modified:  s.Info.ModTime().Format(time.RFC3339),
-		Mode:      s.Info.Mode().String(),
-		Size:      s.Info.Size(),
-		Directory: s.Info.IsDir(),
-		File:      !s.Info.IsDir(),
-		Symlink:   s.Info.Mode().Perm()&os.ModeSymlink != 0,
-		Mime:      s.Mimetype,
-	})
-}
-
-// Stats a file or folder and returns the base stat object from go along with the
-// MIME data that can be used for editing files.
-func (fs *Filesystem) Stat(p string) (*Stat, error) {
-	cleaned, err := fs.SafePath(p)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return fs.unsafeStat(cleaned)
-}
-
-func (fs *Filesystem) unsafeStat(p string) (*Stat, error) {
-	s, err := os.Stat(p)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	var m = "inode/directory"
-	if !s.IsDir() {
-		m, _, err = mimetype.DetectFile(p)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	}
-
-	st := &Stat{
-		Info:     s,
-		Mimetype: m,
-	}
-
-	return st, nil
-}
-
-// Creates a new directory (name) at a specificied path (p) for the server.
-func (fs *Filesystem) CreateDirectory(name string, p string) error {
-	cleaned, err := fs.SafePath(path.Join(p, name))
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-
-	return os.MkdirAll(cleaned, 0755)
-}
-
-// Moves (or renames) a file or directory.
-func (fs *Filesystem) Rename(from string, to string) error {
-	cleanedFrom, err := fs.SafePath(from)
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-
-	cleanedTo, err := fs.SafePath(to)
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-
-	return os.Rename(cleanedFrom, cleanedTo)
-}
-
-// Recursively iterates over a directory and sets the permissions on all of the
-// underlying files.
-func (fs *Filesystem) Chown(path string) error {
-	cleaned, err := fs.SafePath(path)
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-
-	if s, err := os.Stat(cleaned); err != nil {
-		return errors.WithStack(err)
-	} else if !s.IsDir() {
-		return os.Chown(cleaned, fs.Configuration.User.Uid, fs.Configuration.User.Gid)
-	}
-
-	return fs.chownDirectory(cleaned)
-}
-
-// Iterate over all of the files and directories. If it is a file just go ahead and perform
-// the chown operation. Otherwise dig deeper into the directory until we've run out of
-// directories to dig into.
-func (fs *Filesystem) chownDirectory(path string) error {
-	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-
-	cleaned, err := fs.SafePath(path)
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-
-	// Chown the directory itself.
-	os.Chown(cleaned, config.Get().System.User.Uid, config.Get().System.User.Gid)
-
-	files, err := ioutil.ReadDir(cleaned)
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-
-	for _, f := range files {
-		if f.IsDir() {
-			wg.Add(1)
-
-			go func(p string) {
-				defer wg.Done()
-				fs.chownDirectory(p)
-			}(filepath.Join(cleaned, f.Name()))
-		} else {
-			// Chown the file.
-			os.Chown(filepath.Join(cleaned, f.Name()), fs.Configuration.User.Uid, fs.Configuration.User.Gid)
-		}
-	}
-
-	wg.Wait()
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Copies a given file to the same location and appends a suffix to the file to indicate that
-// it has been copied.
-//
-// @todo need to get an exclusive lock on the file.
-func (fs *Filesystem) Copy(p string) error {
-	cleaned, err := fs.SafePath(p)
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-
-	if s, err := os.Stat(cleaned); err != nil {
-		return err
-	} else if s.IsDir() || !s.Mode().IsRegular() {
-		// If this is a directory or not a regular file, just throw a not-exist error
-		// since anything calling this function should understand what that means.
-		return os.ErrNotExist
-	}
-
-	base := filepath.Base(cleaned)
-	relative := strings.TrimSuffix(strings.TrimPrefix(cleaned, fs.Path()), base)
-	extension := filepath.Ext(base)
-	name := strings.TrimSuffix(base, filepath.Ext(base))
-
-	// Begin looping up to 50 times to try and create a unique copy file name. This will take
-	// an input of "file.txt" and generate "file copy.txt". If that name is already taken, it will
-	// then try to write "file copy 2.txt" and so on, until reaching 50 loops. At that point we
-	// won't waste anymore time, just use the current timestamp and make that copy.
-	//
-	// Could probably make this more efficient by checking if there are any files matching the copy
-	// pattern, and trying to find the highest number and then incrementing it by one rather than
-	// looping endlessly.
-	var i int
-	copySuffix := " copy"
-	for i = 0; i < 51; i++ {
-		if i > 0 {
-			copySuffix = " copy " + strconv.Itoa(i)
-		}
-
-		tryName := fmt.Sprintf("%s%s%s", name, copySuffix, extension)
-		tryLocation, err := fs.SafePath(path.Join(relative, tryName))
-		if err != nil {
-			return errors.WithStack(err)
-		}
-
-		// If the file exists, continue to the next loop, otherwise we're good to start a copy.
-		if _, err := os.Stat(tryLocation); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
-			return errors.WithStack(err)
-		} else if os.IsNotExist(err) {
-			break
-		}
-
-		if i == 50 {
-			copySuffix = "." + time.Now().Format(time.RFC3339)
-		}
-	}
-
-	finalPath, err := fs.SafePath(path.Join(relative, fmt.Sprintf("%s%s%s", name, copySuffix, extension)))
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-
-	source, err := os.Open(cleaned)
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-	defer source.Close()
-
-	dest, err := os.Create(finalPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-	defer dest.Close()
-
-	if _, err := io.Copy(dest, source); err != nil {
-		return errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Deletes a file or folder from the system. Prevents the user from accidentally
-// (or maliciously) removing their root server data directory.
-func (fs *Filesystem) Delete(p string) error {
-	cleaned, err := fs.SafePath(p)
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-
-	// Block any whoopsies.
-	if cleaned == fs.Path() {
-		return errors.New("cannot delete root server directory")
-	}
-
-	return os.RemoveAll(cleaned)
-}
-
-// Lists the contents of a given directory and returns stat information about each
-// file and folder within it.
-func (fs *Filesystem) ListDirectory(p string) ([]*Stat, error) {
-	cleaned, err := fs.SafePath(p)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	files, err := ioutil.ReadDir(cleaned)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-
-	// You must initialize the output of this directory as a non-nil value otherwise
-	// when it is marshaled into a JSON object you'll just get 'null' back, which will
-	// break the panel badly.
-	out := make([]*Stat, len(files))
-
-	// Iterate over all of the files and directories returned and perform an async process
-	// to get the mime-type for them all.
-	for i, file := range files {
-		wg.Add(1)
-
-		go func(idx int, f os.FileInfo) {
-			defer wg.Done()
-
-			var m = "inode/directory"
-			if !f.IsDir() {
-				m, _, _ = mimetype.DetectFile(filepath.Join(cleaned, f.Name()))
-			}
-
-			out[idx] = &Stat{
-				Info:     f,
-				Mimetype: m,
-			}
-		}(i, file)
-	}
-
-	wg.Wait()
-
-	// Sort the output alphabetically to begin with since we've run the output
-	// through an asynchronous process and the order is gonna be very random.
-	sort.SliceStable(out, func(i, j int) bool {
-		if out[i].Info.Name() == out[j].Info.Name() || out[i].Info.Name() > out[j].Info.Name() {
-			return true
-		}
-
-		return false
-	})
-
-	// Then, sort it so that directories are listed first in the output. Everything
-	// will continue to be alphabetized at this point.
-	sort.SliceStable(out, func(i, j int) bool {
-		return out[i].Info.IsDir()
-	})
-
-	return out, nil
-}
-
-// Ensures that the data directory for the server instance exists.
-func (fs *Filesystem) EnsureDataDirectory() error {
-	if _, err := os.Stat(fs.Path()); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		return errors.WithStack(err)
-	} else if err != nil {
-		// Create the server data directory because it does not currently exist
-		// on the system.
-		if err := os.MkdirAll(fs.Path(), 0700); err != nil {
-			return errors.WithStack(err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Given a directory, iterate through all of the files and folders within it and determine
-// if they should be included in the output based on an array of ignored matches. This uses
-// standard .gitignore formatting to make that determination.
-//
-// If no ignored files are passed through you'll get the entire directory listing.
-func (fs *Filesystem) GetIncludedFiles(dir string, ignored []string) (*backup.IncludedFiles, error) {
-	cleaned, err := fs.SafePath(dir)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	w := fs.NewWalker()
-	ctx := context.Background()
-
-	i, err := ignore.CompileIgnoreLines(ignored...)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	// Walk through all of the files and directories on a server. This callback only returns
-	// files found, and will keep walking deeper and deeper into directories.
-	inc := new(backup.IncludedFiles)
-	if err := w.Walk(cleaned, ctx, func(f os.FileInfo, p string) bool {
-		// Avoid unnecessary parsing if there are no ignored files, nothing will match anyways
-		// so no reason to call the function.
-		if len(ignored) == 0 || !i.MatchesPath(strings.TrimPrefix(p, fs.Path() + "/")) {
-			inc.Push(&f, p)
-		}
-
-		// We can't just abort if the path is technically ignored. It is possible there is a nested
-		// file or folder that should not be excluded, so in this case we need to just keep going
-		// until we get to a final state.
-		return true
-	}); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return inc, nil
-}

server/filesystem/archive.go

@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+package filesystem
+
+import (
+	"archive/tar"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/juju/ratelimit"
+	"github.com/karrick/godirwalk"
+	"github.com/klauspost/pgzip"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+	"github.com/sabhiram/go-gitignore"
+)
+
+const memory = 4 * 1024
+
+var pool = sync.Pool{
+	New: func() interface{} {
+		b := make([]byte, memory)
+		return b
+	},
+}
+
+type Archive struct {
+	// BasePath is the absolute path to create the archive from where Files and Ignore are
+	// relative to.
+	BasePath string
+
+	// Ignore is a gitignore string (most likely read from a file) of files to ignore
+	// from the archive.
+	Ignore string
+
+	// Files specifies the files to archive, this takes priority over the Ignore option, if
+	// unspecified, all files in the BasePath will be archived unless Ignore is set.
+	Files []string
+}
+
+// Create creates an archive at dst with all of the files defined in the
+// included files struct.
+func (a *Archive) Create(dst string) error {
+	f, err := os.OpenFile(dst, os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC, 0600)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	// Select a writer based off of the WriteLimit configuration option. If there is no
+	// write limit, use the file as the writer.
+	var writer io.Writer
+	if writeLimit := int64(config.Get().System.Backups.WriteLimit * 1024 * 1024); writeLimit > 0 {
+		// Token bucket with a capacity of "writeLimit" MiB, adding "writeLimit" MiB/s
+		// and then wrap the file writer with the token bucket limiter.
+		writer = ratelimit.Writer(f, ratelimit.NewBucketWithRate(float64(writeLimit), writeLimit))
+	} else {
+		writer = f
+	}
+
+	// Create a new gzip writer around the file.
+	gw, _ := pgzip.NewWriterLevel(writer, pgzip.BestSpeed)
+	_ = gw.SetConcurrency(1<<20, 1)
+	defer gw.Close()
+
+	// Create a new tar writer around the gzip writer.
+	tw := tar.NewWriter(gw)
+	defer tw.Close()
+
+	// Configure godirwalk.
+	options := &godirwalk.Options{
+		FollowSymbolicLinks: false,
+		Unsorted:            true,
+		Callback:            a.callback(tw),
+	}
+
+	// If we're specifically looking for only certain files, or have requested
+	// that certain files be ignored we'll update the callback function to reflect
+	// that request.
+	if len(a.Files) == 0 && len(a.Ignore) > 0 {
+		i := ignore.CompileIgnoreLines(strings.Split(a.Ignore, "\n")...)
+
+		options.Callback = a.callback(tw, func(_ string, rp string) error {
+			if i.MatchesPath(rp) {
+				return godirwalk.SkipThis
+			}
+
+			return nil
+		})
+	} else if len(a.Files) > 0 {
+		options.Callback = a.withFilesCallback(tw)
+	}
+
+	// Recursively walk the path we are archiving.
+	return godirwalk.Walk(a.BasePath, options)
+}
+
+// Callback function used to determine if a given file should be included in the archive
+// being generated.
+func (a *Archive) callback(tw *tar.Writer, opts ...func(path string, relative string) error) func(path string, de *godirwalk.Dirent) error {
+	return func(path string, de *godirwalk.Dirent) error {
+		// Skip directories because we walking them recursively.
+		if de.IsDir() {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		relative := filepath.ToSlash(strings.TrimPrefix(path, a.BasePath+string(filepath.Separator)))
+
+		// Call the additional options passed to this callback function. If any of them return
+		// a non-nil error we will exit immediately.
+		for _, opt := range opts {
+			if err := opt(path, relative); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Add the file to the archive, if it is nested in a directory,
+		// the directory will be automatically "created" in the archive.
+		return a.addToArchive(path, relative, tw)
+	}
+}
+
+// Pushes only files defined in the Files key to the final archive.
+func (a *Archive) withFilesCallback(tw *tar.Writer) func(path string, de *godirwalk.Dirent) error {
+	return a.callback(tw, func(p string, rp string) error {
+		for _, f := range a.Files {
+			// If the given doesn't match, or doesn't have the same prefix continue
+			// to the next item in the loop.
+			if p != f && !strings.HasPrefix(p, f) {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			// Once we have a match return a nil value here so that the loop stops and the
+			// call to this function will correctly include the file in the archive. If there
+			// are no matches we'll never make it to this line, and the final error returned
+			// will be the godirwalk.SkipThis error.
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		return godirwalk.SkipThis
+	})
+}
+
+// Adds a given file path to the final archive being created.
+func (a *Archive) addToArchive(p string, rp string, w *tar.Writer) error {
+	// Lstat the file, this will give us the same information as Stat except that it will not
+	// follow a symlink to it's target automatically. This is important to avoid including
+	// files that exist outside the server root unintentionally in the backup.
+	s, err := os.Lstat(p)
+	if err != nil {
+		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return errors.WrapIff(err, "failed executing os.Lstat on '%s'", rp)
+	}
+
+	// Resolve the symlink target if the file is a symlink.
+	var target string
+	if s.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink != 0 {
+		// Read the target of the symlink. If there are any errors we will dump them out to
+		// the logs, but we're not going to stop the backup. There are far too many cases of
+		// symlinks causing all sorts of unnecessary pain in this process. Sucks to suck if
+		// it doesn't work.
+		target, err = os.Readlink(s.Name())
+		if err != nil {
+			// Ignore the not exist errors specifically, since theres nothing important about that.
+			if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+				log.WithField("path", rp).WithField("readlink_err", err.Error()).Warn("failed reading symlink for target path; skipping...")
+			}
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Get the tar FileInfoHeader in order to add the file to the archive.
+	header, err := tar.FileInfoHeader(s, filepath.ToSlash(target))
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.WrapIff(err, "failed to get tar#FileInfoHeader for '%s'", rp)
+	}
+
+	// Fix the header name if the file is not a symlink.
+	if s.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink == 0 {
+		header.Name = rp
+	}
+
+	// Write the tar FileInfoHeader to the archive.
+	if err := w.WriteHeader(header); err != nil {
+		return errors.WrapIff(err, "failed to write tar#FileInfoHeader for '%s'", rp)
+	}
+
+	// If the size of the file is less than 1 (most likely for symlinks), skip writing the file.
+	if header.Size < 1 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// If the buffer size is larger than the file size, create a smaller buffer to hold the file.
+	var buf []byte
+	if header.Size < memory {
+		buf = make([]byte, header.Size)
+	} else {
+		// Get a fixed-size buffer from the pool to save on allocations.
+		buf = pool.Get().([]byte)
+		defer func() {
+			buf = make([]byte, memory)
+			pool.Put(buf)
+		}()
+	}
+
+	// Open the file.
+	f, err := os.Open(p)
+	if err != nil {
+		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return errors.WrapIff(err, "failed to open '%s' for copying", header.Name)
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	// Copy the file's contents to the archive using our buffer.
+	if _, err := io.CopyBuffer(w, io.LimitReader(f, header.Size), buf); err != nil {
+		return errors.WrapIff(err, "failed to copy '%s' to archive", header.Name)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

server/filesystem/compress.go

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+package filesystem
+
+import (
+	"archive/tar"
+	"archive/zip"
+	"compress/gzip"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/mholt/archiver/v3"
+)
+
+// CompressFiles compresses all of the files matching the given paths in the
+// specified directory. This function also supports passing nested paths to only
+// compress certain files and folders when working in a larger directory. This
+// effectively creates a local backup, but rather than ignoring specific files
+// and folders, it takes an allow-list of files and folders.
+//
+// All paths are relative to the dir that is passed in as the first argument,
+// and the compressed file will be placed at that location named
+// `archive-{date}.tar.gz`.
+func (fs *Filesystem) CompressFiles(dir string, paths []string) (os.FileInfo, error) {
+	cleanedRootDir, err := fs.SafePath(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Take all of the paths passed in and merge them together with the root directory we've gotten.
+	for i, p := range paths {
+		paths[i] = filepath.Join(cleanedRootDir, p)
+	}
+
+	cleaned, err := fs.ParallelSafePath(paths)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	a := &Archive{BasePath: cleanedRootDir, Files: cleaned}
+	d := path.Join(
+		cleanedRootDir,
+		fmt.Sprintf("archive-%s.tar.gz", strings.ReplaceAll(time.Now().Format(time.RFC3339), ":", "")),
+	)
+
+	if err := a.Create(d); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	f, err := os.Stat(d)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = os.Remove(d)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if err := fs.HasSpaceFor(f.Size()); err != nil {
+		_ = os.Remove(d)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	fs.addDisk(f.Size())
+
+	return f, nil
+}
+
+// SpaceAvailableForDecompression looks through a given archive and determines
+// if decompressing it would put the server over its allocated disk space limit.
+func (fs *Filesystem) SpaceAvailableForDecompression(dir string, file string) error {
+	// Don't waste time trying to determine this if we know the server will have the space for
+	// it since there is no limit.
+	if fs.MaxDisk() <= 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	source, err := fs.SafePath(filepath.Join(dir, file))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Get the cached size in a parallel process so that if it is not cached we are not
+	// waiting an unnecessary amount of time on this call.
+	dirSize, err := fs.DiskUsage(false)
+
+	var size int64
+	// Walk over the archive and figure out just how large the final output would be from unarchiving it.
+	err = archiver.Walk(source, func(f archiver.File) error {
+		if atomic.AddInt64(&size, f.Size())+dirSize > fs.MaxDisk() {
+			return newFilesystemError(ErrCodeDiskSpace, nil)
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		if IsUnknownArchiveFormatError(err) {
+			return newFilesystemError(ErrCodeUnknownArchive, err)
+		}
+		return err
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+// DecompressFile will decompress a file in a given directory by using the
+// archiver tool to infer the file type and go from there. This will walk over
+// all of the files within the given archive and ensure that there is not a
+// zip-slip attack being attempted by validating that the final path is within
+// the server data directory.
+func (fs *Filesystem) DecompressFile(dir string, file string) error {
+	source, err := fs.SafePath(filepath.Join(dir, file))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	// Ensure that the source archive actually exists on the system.
+	if _, err := os.Stat(source); err != nil {
+		return errors.WithStack(err)
+	}
+
+	// Walk all of the files in the archiver file and write them to the disk. If any
+	// directory is encountered it will be skipped since we handle creating any missing
+	// directories automatically when writing files.
+	err = archiver.Walk(source, func(f archiver.File) error {
+		if f.IsDir() {
+			return nil
+		}
+		p := filepath.Join(dir, ExtractNameFromArchive(f))
+		// If it is ignored, just don't do anything with the file and skip over it.
+		if err := fs.IsIgnored(p); err != nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+		if err := fs.Writefile(p, f); err != nil {
+			return wrapError(err, source)
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		if IsUnknownArchiveFormatError(err) {
+			return newFilesystemError(ErrCodeUnknownArchive, err)
+		}
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ExtractNameFromArchive looks at an archive file to try and determine the name
+// for a given element in an archive. Because of... who knows why, each file type
+// uses different methods to determine the file name.
+//
+// If there is a archiver.File#Sys() value present we will try to use the name
+// present in there, otherwise falling back to archiver.File#Name() if all else
+// fails. Without this logic present, some archive types such as zip/tars/etc.
+// will write all of the files to the base directory, rather than the nested
+// directory that is expected.
+//
+// For files like ".rar" types, there is no f.Sys() value present, and the value
+// of archiver.File#Name() will be what you need.
+func ExtractNameFromArchive(f archiver.File) string {
+	sys := f.Sys()
+	// Some archive types won't have a value returned when you call f.Sys() on them,
+	// such as ".rar" archives for example. In those cases the only thing you can do
+	// is hope that "f.Name()" is actually correct for them.
+	if sys == nil {
+		return f.Name()
+	}
+	switch s := sys.(type) {
+	case *tar.Header:
+		return s.Name
+	case *gzip.Header:
+		return s.Name
+	case *zip.FileHeader:
+		return s.Name
+	default:
+		return f.Name()
+	}
+}

server/filesystem/compress_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+package filesystem
+
+import (
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+
+	. "github.com/franela/goblin"
+)
+
+// Given an archive named test.{ext}, with the following file structure:
+//	test/
+//	|──inside/
+//	|────finside.txt
+//	|──outside.txt
+// this test will ensure that it's being decompressed as expected
+func TestFilesystem_DecompressFile(t *testing.T) {
+	g := Goblin(t)
+	fs, rfs := NewFs()
+
+	g.Describe("Decompress", func() {
+
+		for _, ext := range []string{"zip", "rar", "tar", "tar.gz"} {
+			g.It("can decompress a "+ext, func() {
+				// copy the file to the new FS
+				c, err := ioutil.ReadFile("./testdata/test." + ext)
+				g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+				err = rfs.CreateServerFile("./test."+ext, c)
+				g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+
+				// decompress
+				err = fs.DecompressFile("/", "test."+ext)
+				g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+
+				// make sure everything is where it is supposed to be
+				_, err = rfs.StatServerFile("test/outside.txt")
+				g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+
+				st, err := rfs.StatServerFile("test/inside")
+				g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+				g.Assert(st.IsDir()).IsTrue()
+
+				_, err = rfs.StatServerFile("test/inside/finside.txt")
+				g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+				g.Assert(st.IsDir()).IsTrue()
+			})
+		}
+
+		g.AfterEach(func() {
+			rfs.reset()
+			atomic.StoreInt64(&fs.diskUsed, 0)
+			atomic.StoreInt64(&fs.diskLimit, 0)
+		})
+	})
+}

server/filesystem/disk_space.go

@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+package filesystem
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/karrick/godirwalk"
+)
+
+type SpaceCheckingOpts struct {
+	AllowStaleResponse bool
+}
+
+type usageLookupTime struct {
+	sync.RWMutex
+	value time.Time
+}
+
+// Update the last time that a disk space lookup was performed.
+func (ult *usageLookupTime) Set(t time.Time) {
+	ult.Lock()
+	ult.value = t
+	ult.Unlock()
+}
+
+// Get the last time that we performed a disk space usage lookup.
+func (ult *usageLookupTime) Get() time.Time {
+	ult.RLock()
+	defer ult.RUnlock()
+
+	return ult.value
+}
+
+// Returns the maximum amount of disk space that this Filesystem instance is allowed to use.
+func (fs *Filesystem) MaxDisk() int64 {
+	return atomic.LoadInt64(&fs.diskLimit)
+}
+
+// Sets the disk space limit for this Filesystem instance.
+func (fs *Filesystem) SetDiskLimit(i int64) {
+	atomic.SwapInt64(&fs.diskLimit, i)
+}
+
+// The same concept as HasSpaceAvailable however this will return an error if there is
+// no space, rather than a boolean value.
+func (fs *Filesystem) HasSpaceErr(allowStaleValue bool) error {
+	if !fs.HasSpaceAvailable(allowStaleValue) {
+		return newFilesystemError(ErrCodeDiskSpace, nil)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Determines if the directory a file is trying to be added to has enough space available
+// for the file to be written to.
+//
+// Because determining the amount of space being used by a server is a taxing operation we
+// will load it all up into a cache and pull from that as long as the key is not expired.
+//
+// This operation will potentially block unless allowStaleValue is set to true. See the
+// documentation on DiskUsage for how this affects the call.
+func (fs *Filesystem) HasSpaceAvailable(allowStaleValue bool) bool {
+	size, err := fs.DiskUsage(allowStaleValue)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.WithField("root", fs.root).WithField("error", err).Warn("failed to determine root fs directory size")
+	}
+
+	// If space is -1 or 0 just return true, means they're allowed unlimited.
+	//
+	// Technically we could skip disk space calculation because we don't need to check if the
+	// server exceeds it's limit but because this method caches the disk usage it would be best
+	// to calculate the disk usage and always return true.
+	if fs.MaxDisk() == 0 {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return size <= fs.MaxDisk()
+}
+
+// Returns the cached value for the amount of disk space used by the filesystem. Do not rely on this
+// function for critical logical checks. It should only be used in areas where the actual disk usage
+// does not need to be perfect, e.g. API responses for server resource usage.
+func (fs *Filesystem) CachedUsage() int64 {
+	return atomic.LoadInt64(&fs.diskUsed)
+}
+
+// Internal helper function to allow other parts of the codebase to check the total used disk space
+// as needed without overly taxing the system. This will prioritize the value from the cache to avoid
+// excessive IO usage. We will only walk the filesystem and determine the size of the directory if there
+// is no longer a cached value.
+//
+// If "allowStaleValue" is set to true, a stale value MAY be returned to the caller if there is an
+// expired cache value AND there is currently another lookup in progress. If there is no cached value but
+// no other lookup is in progress, a fresh disk space response will be returned to the caller.
+//
+// This is primarily to avoid a bunch of I/O operations from piling up on the server, especially on servers
+// with a large amount of files.
+func (fs *Filesystem) DiskUsage(allowStaleValue bool) (int64, error) {
+	// A disk check interval of 0 means this functionality is completely disabled.
+	if fs.diskCheckInterval == 0 {
+		return 0, nil
+	}
+
+	if !fs.lastLookupTime.Get().After(time.Now().Add(time.Second * fs.diskCheckInterval * -1)) {
+		// If we are now allowing a stale response go ahead  and perform the lookup and return the fresh
+		// value. This is a blocking operation to the calling process.
+		if !allowStaleValue {
+			return fs.updateCachedDiskUsage()
+		} else if !fs.lookupInProgress.Load() {
+			// Otherwise, if we allow a stale value and there isn't a valid item in the cache and we aren't
+			// currently performing a lookup, just do the disk usage calculation in the background.
+			go func(fs *Filesystem) {
+				if _, err := fs.updateCachedDiskUsage(); err != nil {
+					log.WithField("root", fs.root).WithField("error", err).Warn("failed to update fs disk usage from within routine")
+				}
+			}(fs)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Return the currently cached value back to the calling function.
+	return atomic.LoadInt64(&fs.diskUsed), nil
+}
+
+// Updates the currently used disk space for a server.
+func (fs *Filesystem) updateCachedDiskUsage() (int64, error) {
+	// Obtain an exclusive lock on this process so that we don't unintentionally run it at the same
+	// time as another running process. Once the lock is available it'll read from the cache for the
+	// second call rather than hitting the disk in parallel.
+	fs.mu.Lock()
+	defer fs.mu.Unlock()
+
+	// Signal that we're currently updating the disk size so that other calls to the disk checking
+	// functions can determine if they should queue up additional calls to this function. Ensure that
+	// we always set this back to "false" when this process is done executing.
+	fs.lookupInProgress.Store(true)
+	defer fs.lookupInProgress.Store(false)
+
+	// If there is no size its either because there is no data (in which case running this function
+	// will have effectively no impact), or there is nothing in the cache, in which case we need to
+	// grab the size of their data directory. This is a taxing operation, so we want to store it in
+	// the cache once we've gotten it.
+	size, err := fs.DirectorySize("/")
+
+	// Always cache the size, even if there is an error. We want to always return that value
+	// so that we don't cause an endless loop of determining the disk size if there is a temporary
+	// error encountered.
+	fs.lastLookupTime.Set(time.Now())
+
+	atomic.StoreInt64(&fs.diskUsed, size)
+
+	return size, err
+}
+
+// Determines the directory size of a given location by running parallel tasks to iterate
+// through all of the folders. Returns the size in bytes. This can be a fairly taxing operation
+// on locations with tons of files, so it is recommended that you cache the output.
+func (fs *Filesystem) DirectorySize(dir string) (int64, error) {
+	d, err := fs.SafePath(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	var size int64
+	var st syscall.Stat_t
+
+	err = godirwalk.Walk(d, &godirwalk.Options{
+		Unsorted: true,
+		Callback: func(p string, e *godirwalk.Dirent) error {
+			// If this is a symlink then resolve the final destination of it before trying to continue walking
+			// over its contents. If it resolves outside the server data directory just skip everything else for
+			// it. Otherwise, allow it to continue.
+			if e.IsSymlink() {
+				if _, err := fs.SafePath(p); err != nil {
+					if IsErrorCode(err, ErrCodePathResolution) {
+						return godirwalk.SkipThis
+					}
+
+					return err
+				}
+			}
+
+			if !e.IsDir() {
+				syscall.Lstat(p, &st)
+				atomic.AddInt64(&size, st.Size)
+			}
+
+			return nil
+		},
+	})
+
+	return size, errors.WrapIf(err, "server/filesystem: directorysize: failed to walk directory")
+}
+
+// Helper function to determine if a server has space available for a file of a given size.
+// If space is available, no error will be returned, otherwise an ErrNotEnoughSpace error
+// will be raised.
+func (fs *Filesystem) HasSpaceFor(size int64) error {
+	if fs.MaxDisk() == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	s, err := fs.DiskUsage(true)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if (s + size) > fs.MaxDisk() {
+		return newFilesystemError(ErrCodeDiskSpace, nil)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Updates the disk usage for the Filesystem instance.
+func (fs *Filesystem) addDisk(i int64) int64 {
+	size := atomic.LoadInt64(&fs.diskUsed)
+
+	// Sorry go gods. This is ugly but the best approach I can come up with for right
+	// now without completely re-evaluating the logic we use for determining disk space.
+	//
+	// Normally I would just be using the atomic load right below, but I'm not sure about
+	// the scenarios where it is 0 because nothing has run that would trigger a disk size
+	// calculation?
+	//
+	// Perhaps that isn't even a concern for the sake of this?
+	if !fs.isTest {
+		size, _ = fs.DiskUsage(true)
+	}
+
+	// If we're dropping below 0 somehow just cap it to 0.
+	if (size + i) < 0 {
+		return atomic.SwapInt64(&fs.diskUsed, 0)
+	}
+
+	return atomic.AddInt64(&fs.diskUsed, i)
+}

server/filesystem/errors.go

@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+package filesystem
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+)
+
+type ErrorCode string
+
+const (
+	ErrCodeIsDirectory    ErrorCode = "E_ISDIR"
+	ErrCodeDiskSpace      ErrorCode = "E_NODISK"
+	ErrCodeUnknownArchive ErrorCode = "E_UNKNFMT"
+	ErrCodePathResolution ErrorCode = "E_BADPATH"
+	ErrCodeDenylistFile   ErrorCode = "E_DENYLIST"
+	ErrCodeUnknownError   ErrorCode = "E_UNKNOWN"
+)
+
+type Error struct {
+	code ErrorCode
+	// Contains the underlying error leading to this. This value may or may not be
+	// present, it is entirely dependent on how this error was triggered.
+	err error
+	// This contains the value of the final destination that triggered this specific
+	// error event.
+	resolved string
+	// This value is generally only present on errors stemming from a path resolution
+	// error. For everything else you should be setting and reading the resolved path
+	// value which will be far more useful.
+	path string
+}
+
+// newFilesystemError returns a new error instance with a stack trace associated.
+func newFilesystemError(code ErrorCode, err error) error {
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.WithStackDepth(&Error{code: code, err: err}, 1)
+	}
+	return errors.WithStackDepth(&Error{code: code}, 1)
+}
+
+// Code returns the ErrorCode for this specific error instance.
+func (e *Error) Code() ErrorCode {
+	return e.code
+}
+
+// Returns a human-readable error string to identify the Error by.
+func (e *Error) Error() string {
+	switch e.code {
+	case ErrCodeIsDirectory:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("filesystem: cannot perform action: [%s] is a directory", e.resolved)
+	case ErrCodeDiskSpace:
+		return "filesystem: not enough disk space"
+	case ErrCodeUnknownArchive:
+		return "filesystem: unknown archive format"
+	case ErrCodeDenylistFile:
+		r := e.resolved
+		if r == "" {
+			r = "<empty>"
+		}
+		return fmt.Sprintf("filesystem: file access prohibited: [%s] is on the denylist", r)
+	case ErrCodePathResolution:
+		r := e.resolved
+		if r == "" {
+			r = "<empty>"
+		}
+		return fmt.Sprintf("filesystem: server path [%s] resolves to a location outside the server root: %s", e.path, r)
+	case ErrCodeUnknownError:
+		fallthrough
+	default:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("filesystem: an error occurred: %s", e.Unwrap())
+	}
+}
+
+// Unwrap returns the underlying cause of this filesystem error. In some causes
+// there may not be a cause present, in which case nil will be returned.
+func (e *Error) Unwrap() error {
+	return e.err
+}
+
+// Generates an error logger instance with some basic information.
+func (fs *Filesystem) error(err error) *log.Entry {
+	return log.WithField("subsystem", "filesystem").WithField("root", fs.root).WithField("error", err)
+}
+
+// Handle errors encountered when walking through directories.
+//
+// If there is a path resolution error just skip the item entirely. Only return this for a
+// directory, otherwise return nil. Returning this error for a file will stop the walking
+// for the remainder of the directory. This is assuming an os.FileInfo struct was even returned.
+func (fs *Filesystem) handleWalkerError(err error, f os.FileInfo) error {
+	if !IsErrorCode(err, ErrCodePathResolution) {
+		return err
+	}
+	if f != nil && f.IsDir() {
+		return filepath.SkipDir
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// IsFilesystemError checks if the given error is one of the Filesystem errors.
+func IsFilesystemError(err error) bool {
+	var fserr *Error
+	if err != nil && errors.As(err, &fserr) {
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// IsErrorCode checks if "err" is a filesystem Error type. If so, it will then
+// drop in and check that the error code is the same as the provided ErrorCode
+// passed in "code".
+func IsErrorCode(err error, code ErrorCode) bool {
+	var fserr *Error
+	if err != nil && errors.As(err, &fserr) {
+		return fserr.code == code
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// IsUnknownArchiveFormatError checks if the error is due to the archive being
+// in an unexpected file format.
+func IsUnknownArchiveFormatError(err error) bool {
+	if err != nil && strings.HasPrefix(err.Error(), "format ") {
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// NewBadPathResolution returns a new BadPathResolution error.
+func NewBadPathResolution(path string, resolved string) error {
+	return errors.WithStackDepth(&Error{code: ErrCodePathResolution, path: path, resolved: resolved}, 1)
+}
+
+// wrapError wraps the provided error as a Filesystem error and attaches the
+// provided resolved source to it. If the error is already a Filesystem error
+// no action is taken.
+func wrapError(err error, resolved string) error {
+	if err == nil || IsFilesystemError(err) {
+		return err
+	}
+	return errors.WithStackDepth(&Error{code: ErrCodeUnknownError, err: err, resolved: resolved}, 1)
+}

server/filesystem/errors_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+package filesystem
+
+import (
+	"io"
+	"testing"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	. "github.com/franela/goblin"
+)
+
+type stackTracer interface {
+	StackTrace() errors.StackTrace
+}
+
+func TestFilesystem_PathResolutionError(t *testing.T) {
+	g := Goblin(t)
+
+	g.Describe("NewFilesystemError", func() {
+		g.It("includes a stack trace for the error", func() {
+			err := newFilesystemError(ErrCodeUnknownError, nil)
+
+			_, ok := err.(stackTracer)
+			g.Assert(ok).IsTrue()
+		})
+
+		g.It("properly wraps the underlying error cause", func() {
+			underlying := io.EOF
+			err := newFilesystemError(ErrCodeUnknownError, underlying)
+
+			_, ok := err.(stackTracer)
+			g.Assert(ok).IsTrue()
+
+			_, ok = err.(*Error)
+			g.Assert(ok).IsFalse()
+
+			fserr, ok := errors.Unwrap(err).(*Error)
+			g.Assert(ok).IsTrue()
+			g.Assert(fserr.Unwrap()).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(fserr.Unwrap()).Equal(underlying)
+		})
+	})
+
+	g.Describe("NewBadPathResolutionError", func() {
+		g.It("is can detect itself as an error correctly", func() {
+			err := NewBadPathResolution("foo", "bar")
+			g.Assert(IsErrorCode(err, ErrCodePathResolution)).IsTrue()
+			g.Assert(err.Error()).Equal("filesystem: server path [foo] resolves to a location outside the server root: bar")
+			g.Assert(IsErrorCode(&Error{code: ErrCodeIsDirectory}, ErrCodePathResolution)).IsFalse()
+		})
+
+		g.It("returns <empty> if no destination path is provided", func() {
+			err := NewBadPathResolution("foo", "")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(err.Error()).Equal("filesystem: server path [foo] resolves to a location outside the server root: <empty>")
+		})
+	})
+}

server/filesystem/filesystem.go

@@ -0,0 +1,529 @@
+package filesystem
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sort"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype"
+	"github.com/karrick/godirwalk"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
+	ignore "github.com/sabhiram/go-gitignore"
+)
+
+type Filesystem struct {
+	mu                sync.RWMutex
+	lastLookupTime    *usageLookupTime
+	lookupInProgress  *system.AtomicBool
+	diskUsed          int64
+	diskCheckInterval time.Duration
+	denylist          *ignore.GitIgnore
+
+	// The maximum amount of disk space (in bytes) that this Filesystem instance can use.
+	diskLimit int64
+
+	// The root data directory path for this Filesystem instance.
+	root string
+
+	isTest bool
+}
+
+// New creates a new Filesystem instance for a given server.
+func New(root string, size int64, denylist []string) *Filesystem {
+	return &Filesystem{
+		root:              root,
+		diskLimit:         size,
+		diskCheckInterval: time.Duration(config.Get().System.DiskCheckInterval),
+		lastLookupTime:    &usageLookupTime{},
+		lookupInProgress:  system.NewAtomicBool(false),
+		denylist:          ignore.CompileIgnoreLines(denylist...),
+	}
+}
+
+// Path returns the root path for the Filesystem instance.
+func (fs *Filesystem) Path() string {
+	return fs.root
+}
+
+// File returns a reader for a file instance as well as the stat information.
+func (fs *Filesystem) File(p string) (*os.File, Stat, error) {
+	cleaned, err := fs.SafePath(p)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, Stat{}, err
+	}
+	st, err := fs.Stat(cleaned)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, Stat{}, err
+	}
+	if st.IsDir() {
+		return nil, Stat{}, newFilesystemError(ErrCodeIsDirectory, nil)
+	}
+	f, err := os.Open(cleaned)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, Stat{}, err
+	}
+	return f, st, nil
+}
+
+// Acts by creating the given file and path on the disk if it is not present already. If
+// it is present, the file is opened using the defaults which will truncate the contents.
+// The opened file is then returned to the caller.
+func (fs *Filesystem) Touch(p string, flag int) (*os.File, error) {
+	cleaned, err := fs.SafePath(p)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	f, err := os.OpenFile(cleaned, flag, 0644)
+	if err == nil {
+		return f, nil
+	}
+	// If the error is not because it doesn't exist then we just need to bail at this point.
+	if !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "server/filesystem: touch: failed to open file handle")
+	}
+	// Only create and chown the directory if it doesn't exist.
+	if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Dir(cleaned)); errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+		// Create the path leading up to the file we're trying to create, setting the final perms
+		// on it as we go.
+		if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(cleaned), 0755); err != nil {
+			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "server/filesystem: touch: failed to create directory tree")
+		}
+		if err := fs.Chown(filepath.Dir(cleaned)); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	o := &fileOpener{}
+	// Try to open the file now that we have created the pathing necessary for it, and then
+	// Chown that file so that the permissions don't mess with things.
+	f, err = o.open(cleaned, flag, 0644)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "server/filesystem: touch: failed to open file with wait")
+	}
+	_ = fs.Chown(cleaned)
+	return f, nil
+}
+
+// Reads a file on the system and returns it as a byte representation in a file
+// reader. This is not the most memory efficient usage since it will be reading the
+// entirety of the file into memory.
+func (fs *Filesystem) Readfile(p string, w io.Writer) error {
+	file, _, err := fs.File(p)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer file.Close()
+	_, err = bufio.NewReader(file).WriteTo(w)
+	return err
+}
+
+// Writefile writes a file to the system. If the file does not already exist one
+// will be created. This will also properly recalculate the disk space used by
+// the server when writing new files or modifying existing ones.
+func (fs *Filesystem) Writefile(p string, r io.Reader) error {
+	cleaned, err := fs.SafePath(p)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	var currentSize int64
+	// If the file does not exist on the system already go ahead and create the pathway
+	// to it and an empty file. We'll then write to it later on after this completes.
+	stat, err := os.Stat(cleaned)
+	if err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "server/filesystem: writefile: failed to stat file")
+	} else if err == nil {
+		if stat.IsDir() {
+			return errors.WithStack(&Error{code: ErrCodeIsDirectory, resolved: cleaned})
+		}
+		currentSize = stat.Size()
+	}
+
+	br := bufio.NewReader(r)
+	// Check that the new size we're writing to the disk can fit. If there is currently
+	// a file we'll subtract that current file size from the size of the buffer to determine
+	// the amount of new data we're writing (or amount we're removing if smaller).
+	if err := fs.HasSpaceFor(int64(br.Size()) - currentSize); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Touch the file and return the handle to it at this point. This will create the file,
+	// any necessary directories, and set the proper owner of the file.
+	file, err := fs.Touch(cleaned, os.O_RDWR|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer file.Close()
+
+	buf := make([]byte, 1024*4)
+	sz, err := io.CopyBuffer(file, r, buf)
+
+	// Adjust the disk usage to account for the old size and the new size of the file.
+	fs.addDisk(sz - currentSize)
+
+	return fs.Chown(cleaned)
+}
+
+// Creates a new directory (name) at a specified path (p) for the server.
+func (fs *Filesystem) CreateDirectory(name string, p string) error {
+	cleaned, err := fs.SafePath(path.Join(p, name))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return os.MkdirAll(cleaned, 0755)
+}
+
+// Moves (or renames) a file or directory.
+func (fs *Filesystem) Rename(from string, to string) error {
+	cleanedFrom, err := fs.SafePath(from)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	cleanedTo, err := fs.SafePath(to)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// If the target file or directory already exists the rename function will fail, so just
+	// bail out now.
+	if _, err := os.Stat(cleanedTo); err == nil {
+		return os.ErrExist
+	}
+
+	if cleanedTo == fs.Path() {
+		return errors.New("attempting to rename into an invalid directory space")
+	}
+
+	d := strings.TrimSuffix(cleanedTo, path.Base(cleanedTo))
+	// Ensure that the directory we're moving into exists correctly on the system. Only do this if
+	// we're not at the root directory level.
+	if d != fs.Path() {
+		if mkerr := os.MkdirAll(d, 0755); mkerr != nil {
+			return errors.WithMessage(mkerr, "failed to create directory structure for file rename")
+		}
+	}
+
+	return os.Rename(cleanedFrom, cleanedTo)
+}
+
+// Recursively iterates over a file or directory and sets the permissions on all of the
+// underlying files. Iterate over all of the files and directories. If it is a file just
+// go ahead and perform the chown operation. Otherwise dig deeper into the directory until
+// we've run out of directories to dig into.
+func (fs *Filesystem) Chown(path string) error {
+	cleaned, err := fs.SafePath(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if fs.isTest {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	uid := config.Get().System.User.Uid
+	gid := config.Get().System.User.Gid
+
+	// Start by just chowning the initial path that we received.
+	if err := os.Chown(cleaned, uid, gid); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "server/filesystem: chown: failed to chown path")
+	}
+
+	// If this is not a directory we can now return from the function, there is nothing
+	// left that we need to do.
+	if st, err := os.Stat(cleaned); err != nil || !st.IsDir() {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// If this was a directory, begin walking over its contents recursively and ensure that all
+	// of the subfiles and directories get their permissions updated as well.
+	err = godirwalk.Walk(cleaned, &godirwalk.Options{
+		Unsorted: true,
+		Callback: func(p string, e *godirwalk.Dirent) error {
+			// Do not attempt to chown a symlink. Go's os.Chown function will affect the symlink
+			// so if it points to a location outside the data directory the user would be able to
+			// (un)intentionally modify that files permissions.
+			if e.IsSymlink() {
+				if e.IsDir() {
+					return godirwalk.SkipThis
+				}
+
+				return nil
+			}
+
+			return os.Chown(p, uid, gid)
+		},
+	})
+
+	return errors.Wrap(err, "server/filesystem: chown: failed to chown during walk function")
+}
+
+func (fs *Filesystem) Chmod(path string, mode os.FileMode) error {
+	cleaned, err := fs.SafePath(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if fs.isTest {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if err := os.Chmod(cleaned, mode); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Begin looping up to 50 times to try and create a unique copy file name. This will take
+// an input of "file.txt" and generate "file copy.txt". If that name is already taken, it will
+// then try to write "file copy 2.txt" and so on, until reaching 50 loops. At that point we
+// won't waste anymore time, just use the current timestamp and make that copy.
+//
+// Could probably make this more efficient by checking if there are any files matching the copy
+// pattern, and trying to find the highest number and then incrementing it by one rather than
+// looping endlessly.
+func (fs *Filesystem) findCopySuffix(dir string, name string, extension string) (string, error) {
+	var i int
+	suffix := " copy"
+
+	for i = 0; i < 51; i++ {
+		if i > 0 {
+			suffix = " copy " + strconv.Itoa(i)
+		}
+
+		n := name + suffix + extension
+		// If we stat the file and it does not exist that means we're good to create the copy. If it
+		// does exist, we'll just continue to the next loop and try again.
+		if _, err := fs.Stat(path.Join(dir, n)); err != nil {
+			if !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+				return "", err
+			}
+
+			break
+		}
+
+		if i == 50 {
+			suffix = "copy." + time.Now().Format(time.RFC3339)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return name + suffix + extension, nil
+}
+
+// Copies a given file to the same location and appends a suffix to the file to indicate that
+// it has been copied.
+func (fs *Filesystem) Copy(p string) error {
+	cleaned, err := fs.SafePath(p)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	s, err := os.Stat(cleaned)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	} else if s.IsDir() || !s.Mode().IsRegular() {
+		// If this is a directory or not a regular file, just throw a not-exist error
+		// since anything calling this function should understand what that means.
+		return os.ErrNotExist
+	}
+
+	// Check that copying this file wouldn't put the server over its limit.
+	if err := fs.HasSpaceFor(s.Size()); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	base := filepath.Base(cleaned)
+	relative := strings.TrimSuffix(strings.TrimPrefix(cleaned, fs.Path()), base)
+	extension := filepath.Ext(base)
+	name := strings.TrimSuffix(base, extension)
+
+	// Ensure that ".tar" is also counted as apart of the file extension.
+	// There might be a better way to handle this for other double file extensions,
+	// but this is a good workaround for now.
+	if strings.HasSuffix(name, ".tar") {
+		extension = ".tar" + extension
+		name = strings.TrimSuffix(name, ".tar")
+	}
+
+	source, err := os.Open(cleaned)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer source.Close()
+
+	n, err := fs.findCopySuffix(relative, name, extension)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return fs.Writefile(path.Join(relative, n), source)
+}
+
+// TruncateRootDirectory removes _all_ files and directories from a server's
+// data directory and resets the used disk space to zero.
+func (fs *Filesystem) TruncateRootDirectory() error {
+	if err := os.RemoveAll(fs.Path()); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := os.Mkdir(fs.Path(), 0755); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	atomic.StoreInt64(&fs.diskUsed, 0)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Delete removes a file or folder from the system. Prevents the user from
+// accidentally (or maliciously) removing their root server data directory.
+func (fs *Filesystem) Delete(p string) error {
+	wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
+	// This is one of the few (only?) places in the codebase where we're explicitly not using
+	// the SafePath functionality when working with user provided input. If we did, you would
+	// not be able to delete a file that is a symlink pointing to a location outside of the data
+	// directory.
+	//
+	// We also want to avoid resolving a symlink that points _within_ the data directory and thus
+	// deleting the actual source file for the symlink rather than the symlink itself. For these
+	// purposes just resolve the actual file path using filepath.Join() and confirm that the path
+	// exists within the data directory.
+	resolved := fs.unsafeFilePath(p)
+	if !fs.unsafeIsInDataDirectory(resolved) {
+		return NewBadPathResolution(p, resolved)
+	}
+
+	// Block any whoopsies.
+	if resolved == fs.Path() {
+		return errors.New("cannot delete root server directory")
+	}
+
+	if st, err := os.Lstat(resolved); err != nil {
+		if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			fs.error(err).Warn("error while attempting to stat file before deletion")
+		}
+	} else {
+		if !st.IsDir() {
+			fs.addDisk(-st.Size())
+		} else {
+			wg.Add(1)
+			go func(wg *sync.WaitGroup, st os.FileInfo, resolved string) {
+				defer wg.Done()
+				if s, err := fs.DirectorySize(resolved); err == nil {
+					fs.addDisk(-s)
+				}
+			}(&wg, st, resolved)
+		}
+	}
+
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	return os.RemoveAll(resolved)
+}
+
+type fileOpener struct {
+	busy uint
+}
+
+// Attempts to open a given file up to "attempts" number of times, using a backoff. If the file
+// cannot be opened because of a "text file busy" error, we will attempt until the number of attempts
+// has been exhaused, at which point we will abort with an error.
+func (fo *fileOpener) open(path string, flags int, perm os.FileMode) (*os.File, error) {
+	for {
+		f, err := os.OpenFile(path, flags, perm)
+
+		// If there is an error because the text file is busy, go ahead and sleep for a few
+		// hundred milliseconds and then try again up to three times before just returning the
+		// error back to the caller.
+		//
+		// Based on code from: https://github.com/golang/go/issues/22220#issuecomment-336458122
+		if err != nil && fo.busy < 3 && strings.Contains(err.Error(), "text file busy") {
+			time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond << fo.busy)
+			fo.busy++
+			continue
+		}
+
+		return f, err
+	}
+}
+
+// ListDirectory lists the contents of a given directory and returns stat
+// information about each file and folder within it.
+func (fs *Filesystem) ListDirectory(p string) ([]Stat, error) {
+	cleaned, err := fs.SafePath(p)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	files, err := ioutil.ReadDir(cleaned)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+
+	// You must initialize the output of this directory as a non-nil value otherwise
+	// when it is marshaled into a JSON object you'll just get 'null' back, which will
+	// break the panel badly.
+	out := make([]Stat, len(files))
+
+	// Iterate over all of the files and directories returned and perform an async process
+	// to get the mime-type for them all.
+	for i, file := range files {
+		wg.Add(1)
+
+		go func(idx int, f os.FileInfo) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+
+			var m *mimetype.MIME
+			var d = "inode/directory"
+			if !f.IsDir() {
+				cleanedp := filepath.Join(cleaned, f.Name())
+				if f.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink != 0 {
+					cleanedp, _ = fs.SafePath(filepath.Join(cleaned, f.Name()))
+				}
+
+				if cleanedp != "" {
+					m, _ = mimetype.DetectFile(filepath.Join(cleaned, f.Name()))
+				} else {
+					// Just pass this for an unknown type because the file could not safely be resolved within
+					// the server data path.
+					d = "application/octet-stream"
+				}
+			}
+
+			st := Stat{FileInfo: f, Mimetype: d}
+			if m != nil {
+				st.Mimetype = m.String()
+			}
+			out[idx] = st
+		}(i, file)
+	}
+
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	// Sort the output alphabetically to begin with since we've run the output
+	// through an asynchronous process and the order is gonna be very random.
+	sort.SliceStable(out, func(i, j int) bool {
+		if out[i].Name() == out[j].Name() || out[i].Name() > out[j].Name() {
+			return true
+		}
+		return false
+	})
+
+	// Then, sort it so that directories are listed first in the output. Everything
+	// will continue to be alphabetized at this point.
+	sort.SliceStable(out, func(i, j int) bool {
+		return out[i].IsDir()
+	})
+
+	return out, nil
+}

server/filesystem/filesystem_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,575 @@
+package filesystem
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"errors"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"math/rand"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"unicode/utf8"
+
+	. "github.com/franela/goblin"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+)
+
+func NewFs() (*Filesystem, *rootFs) {
+	config.Set(&config.Configuration{
+		AuthenticationToken: "abc",
+		System: config.SystemConfiguration{
+			RootDirectory:     "/server",
+			DiskCheckInterval: 150,
+		},
+	})
+
+	tmpDir, err := ioutil.TempDir(os.TempDir(), "pterodactyl")
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	// defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+
+	rfs := rootFs{root: tmpDir}
+
+	rfs.reset()
+
+	fs := New(filepath.Join(tmpDir, "/server"), 0, []string{})
+	fs.isTest = true
+
+	return fs, &rfs
+}
+
+type rootFs struct {
+	root string
+}
+
+func (rfs *rootFs) CreateServerFile(p string, c []byte) error {
+	f, err := os.Create(filepath.Join(rfs.root, "/server", p))
+
+	if err == nil {
+		f.Write(c)
+		f.Close()
+	}
+
+	return err
+}
+
+func (rfs *rootFs) CreateServerFileFromString(p string, c string) error {
+	return rfs.CreateServerFile(p, []byte(c))
+}
+
+func (rfs *rootFs) StatServerFile(p string) (os.FileInfo, error) {
+	return os.Stat(filepath.Join(rfs.root, "/server", p))
+}
+
+func (rfs *rootFs) reset() {
+	if err := os.RemoveAll(filepath.Join(rfs.root, "/server")); err != nil {
+		if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := os.Mkdir(filepath.Join(rfs.root, "/server"), 0755); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFilesystem_Readfile(t *testing.T) {
+	g := Goblin(t)
+	fs, rfs := NewFs()
+
+	g.Describe("Readfile", func() {
+		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
+
+		g.It("opens a file if it exists on the system", func() {
+			err := rfs.CreateServerFileFromString("test.txt", "testing")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+
+			err = fs.Readfile("test.txt", buf)
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+			g.Assert(buf.String()).Equal("testing")
+		})
+
+		g.It("returns an error if the file does not exist", func() {
+			err := fs.Readfile("test.txt", buf)
+			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist)).IsTrue()
+		})
+
+		g.It("returns an error if the \"file\" is a directory", func() {
+			err := os.Mkdir(filepath.Join(rfs.root, "/server/test.txt"), 0755)
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+
+			err = fs.Readfile("test.txt", buf)
+			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(IsErrorCode(err, ErrCodeIsDirectory)).IsTrue()
+		})
+
+		g.It("cannot open a file outside the root directory", func() {
+			err := rfs.CreateServerFileFromString("/../test.txt", "testing")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+
+			err = fs.Readfile("/../test.txt", buf)
+			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(IsErrorCode(err, ErrCodePathResolution)).IsTrue()
+		})
+
+		g.AfterEach(func() {
+			buf.Truncate(0)
+			atomic.StoreInt64(&fs.diskUsed, 0)
+			rfs.reset()
+		})
+	})
+}
+
+func TestFilesystem_Writefile(t *testing.T) {
+	g := Goblin(t)
+	fs, rfs := NewFs()
+
+	g.Describe("Open and WriteFile", func() {
+		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
+
+		// Test that a file can be written to the disk and that the disk space used as a result
+		// is updated correctly in the end.
+		g.It("can create a new file", func() {
+			r := bytes.NewReader([]byte("test file content"))
+
+			g.Assert(atomic.LoadInt64(&fs.diskUsed)).Equal(int64(0))
+
+			err := fs.Writefile("test.txt", r)
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+
+			err = fs.Readfile("test.txt", buf)
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+			g.Assert(buf.String()).Equal("test file content")
+			g.Assert(atomic.LoadInt64(&fs.diskUsed)).Equal(r.Size())
+		})
+
+		g.It("can create a new file inside a nested directory with leading slash", func() {
+			r := bytes.NewReader([]byte("test file content"))
+
+			err := fs.Writefile("/some/nested/test.txt", r)
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+
+			err = fs.Readfile("/some/nested/test.txt", buf)
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+			g.Assert(buf.String()).Equal("test file content")
+		})
+
+		g.It("can create a new file inside a nested directory without a trailing slash", func() {
+			r := bytes.NewReader([]byte("test file content"))
+
+			err := fs.Writefile("some/../foo/bar/test.txt", r)
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+
+			err = fs.Readfile("foo/bar/test.txt", buf)
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+			g.Assert(buf.String()).Equal("test file content")
+		})
+
+		g.It("cannot create a file outside the root directory", func() {
+			r := bytes.NewReader([]byte("test file content"))
+
+			err := fs.Writefile("/some/../foo/../../test.txt", r)
+			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(IsErrorCode(err, ErrCodePathResolution)).IsTrue()
+		})
+
+		g.It("cannot write a file that exceeds the disk limits", func() {
+			atomic.StoreInt64(&fs.diskLimit, 1024)
+
+			b := make([]byte, 1025)
+			_, err := rand.Read(b)
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+			g.Assert(len(b)).Equal(1025)
+
+			r := bytes.NewReader(b)
+			err = fs.Writefile("test.txt", r)
+			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(IsErrorCode(err, ErrCodeDiskSpace)).IsTrue()
+		})
+
+		/*g.It("updates the total space used when a file is appended to", func() {
+			atomic.StoreInt64(&fs.diskUsed, 100)
+
+			b := make([]byte, 100)
+			_, _ = rand.Read(b)
+
+			r := bytes.NewReader(b)
+			err := fs.Writefile("test.txt", r)
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+			g.Assert(atomic.LoadInt64(&fs.diskUsed)).Equal(int64(200))
+
+			// If we write less data than already exists, we should expect the total
+			// disk used to be decremented.
+			b = make([]byte, 50)
+			_, _ = rand.Read(b)
+
+			r = bytes.NewReader(b)
+			err = fs.Writefile("test.txt", r)
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+			g.Assert(atomic.LoadInt64(&fs.diskUsed)).Equal(int64(150))
+		})*/
+
+		g.It("truncates the file when writing new contents", func() {
+			r := bytes.NewReader([]byte("original data"))
+			err := fs.Writefile("test.txt", r)
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+
+			r = bytes.NewReader([]byte("new data"))
+			err = fs.Writefile("test.txt", r)
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+
+			err = fs.Readfile("test.txt", buf)
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+			g.Assert(buf.String()).Equal("new data")
+		})
+
+		g.AfterEach(func() {
+			buf.Truncate(0)
+			rfs.reset()
+
+			atomic.StoreInt64(&fs.diskUsed, 0)
+			atomic.StoreInt64(&fs.diskLimit, 0)
+		})
+	})
+}
+
+func TestFilesystem_CreateDirectory(t *testing.T) {
+	g := Goblin(t)
+	fs, rfs := NewFs()
+
+	g.Describe("CreateDirectory", func() {
+		g.It("should create missing directories automatically", func() {
+			err := fs.CreateDirectory("test", "foo/bar/baz")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+
+			st, err := rfs.StatServerFile("foo/bar/baz/test")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+			g.Assert(st.IsDir()).IsTrue()
+			g.Assert(st.Name()).Equal("test")
+		})
+
+		g.It("should work with leading and trailing slashes", func() {
+			err := fs.CreateDirectory("test", "/foozie/barzie/bazzy/")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+
+			st, err := rfs.StatServerFile("foozie/barzie/bazzy/test")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+			g.Assert(st.IsDir()).IsTrue()
+			g.Assert(st.Name()).Equal("test")
+		})
+
+		g.It("should not allow the creation of directories outside the root", func() {
+			err := fs.CreateDirectory("test", "e/../../something")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(IsErrorCode(err, ErrCodePathResolution)).IsTrue()
+		})
+
+		g.It("should not increment the disk usage", func() {
+			err := fs.CreateDirectory("test", "/")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+			g.Assert(atomic.LoadInt64(&fs.diskUsed)).Equal(int64(0))
+		})
+
+		g.AfterEach(func() {
+			rfs.reset()
+		})
+	})
+}
+
+func TestFilesystem_Rename(t *testing.T) {
+	g := Goblin(t)
+	fs, rfs := NewFs()
+
+	g.Describe("Rename", func() {
+		g.BeforeEach(func() {
+			if err := rfs.CreateServerFileFromString("source.txt", "text content"); err != nil {
+				panic(err)
+			}
+		})
+
+		g.It("returns an error if the target already exists", func() {
+			err := rfs.CreateServerFileFromString("target.txt", "taget content")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+
+			err = fs.Rename("source.txt", "target.txt")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(errors.Is(err, os.ErrExist)).IsTrue()
+		})
+
+		g.It("returns an error if the final destination is the root directory", func() {
+			err := fs.Rename("source.txt", "/")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(errors.Is(err, os.ErrExist)).IsTrue()
+		})
+
+		g.It("returns an error if the source destination is the root directory", func() {
+			err := fs.Rename("source.txt", "/")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(errors.Is(err, os.ErrExist)).IsTrue()
+		})
+
+		g.It("does not allow renaming to a location outside the root", func() {
+			err := fs.Rename("source.txt", "../target.txt")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(IsErrorCode(err, ErrCodePathResolution)).IsTrue()
+		})
+
+		g.It("does not allow renaming from a location outside the root", func() {
+			err := rfs.CreateServerFileFromString("/../ext-source.txt", "taget content")
+
+			err = fs.Rename("/../ext-source.txt", "target.txt")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(IsErrorCode(err, ErrCodePathResolution)).IsTrue()
+		})
+
+		g.It("allows a file to be renamed", func() {
+			err := fs.Rename("source.txt", "target.txt")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+
+			_, err = rfs.StatServerFile("source.txt")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist)).IsTrue()
+
+			st, err := rfs.StatServerFile("target.txt")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+			g.Assert(st.Name()).Equal("target.txt")
+			g.Assert(st.Size()).IsNotZero()
+		})
+
+		g.It("allows a folder to be renamed", func() {
+			err := os.Mkdir(filepath.Join(rfs.root, "/server/source_dir"), 0755)
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+
+			err = fs.Rename("source_dir", "target_dir")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+
+			_, err = rfs.StatServerFile("source_dir")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist)).IsTrue()
+
+			st, err := rfs.StatServerFile("target_dir")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+			g.Assert(st.IsDir()).IsTrue()
+		})
+
+		g.It("returns an error if the source does not exist", func() {
+			err := fs.Rename("missing.txt", "target.txt")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist)).IsTrue()
+		})
+
+		g.It("creates directories if they are missing", func() {
+			err := fs.Rename("source.txt", "nested/folder/target.txt")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+
+			st, err := rfs.StatServerFile("nested/folder/target.txt")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+			g.Assert(st.Name()).Equal("target.txt")
+		})
+
+		g.AfterEach(func() {
+			rfs.reset()
+		})
+	})
+}
+
+func TestFilesystem_Copy(t *testing.T) {
+	g := Goblin(t)
+	fs, rfs := NewFs()
+
+	g.Describe("Copy", func() {
+		g.BeforeEach(func() {
+			if err := rfs.CreateServerFileFromString("source.txt", "text content"); err != nil {
+				panic(err)
+			}
+
+			atomic.StoreInt64(&fs.diskUsed, int64(utf8.RuneCountInString("test content")))
+		})
+
+		g.It("should return an error if the source does not exist", func() {
+			err := fs.Copy("foo.txt")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist)).IsTrue()
+		})
+
+		g.It("should return an error if the source is outside the root", func() {
+			err := rfs.CreateServerFileFromString("/../ext-source.txt", "text content")
+
+			err = fs.Copy("../ext-source.txt")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(IsErrorCode(err, ErrCodePathResolution)).IsTrue()
+		})
+
+		g.It("should return an error if the source directory is outside the root", func() {
+			err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(rfs.root, "/nested/in/dir"), 0755)
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+
+			err = rfs.CreateServerFileFromString("/../nested/in/dir/ext-source.txt", "external content")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+
+			err = fs.Copy("../nested/in/dir/ext-source.txt")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(IsErrorCode(err, ErrCodePathResolution)).IsTrue()
+
+			err = fs.Copy("nested/in/../../../nested/in/dir/ext-source.txt")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(IsErrorCode(err, ErrCodePathResolution)).IsTrue()
+		})
+
+		g.It("should return an error if the source is a directory", func() {
+			err := os.Mkdir(filepath.Join(rfs.root, "/server/dir"), 0755)
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+
+			err = fs.Copy("dir")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist)).IsTrue()
+		})
+
+		g.It("should return an error if there is not space to copy the file", func() {
+			atomic.StoreInt64(&fs.diskLimit, 2)
+
+			err := fs.Copy("source.txt")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(IsErrorCode(err, ErrCodeDiskSpace)).IsTrue()
+		})
+
+		g.It("should create a copy of the file and increment the disk used", func() {
+			err := fs.Copy("source.txt")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+
+			_, err = rfs.StatServerFile("source.txt")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+
+			_, err = rfs.StatServerFile("source copy.txt")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+		})
+
+		g.It("should create a copy of the file with a suffix if a copy already exists", func() {
+			err := fs.Copy("source.txt")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+
+			err = fs.Copy("source.txt")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+
+			r := []string{"source.txt", "source copy.txt", "source copy 1.txt"}
+
+			for _, name := range r {
+				_, err = rfs.StatServerFile(name)
+				g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+			}
+
+			g.Assert(atomic.LoadInt64(&fs.diskUsed)).Equal(int64(utf8.RuneCountInString("test content")) * 3)
+		})
+
+		g.It("should create a copy inside of a directory", func() {
+			err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(rfs.root, "/server/nested/in/dir"), 0755)
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+
+			err = rfs.CreateServerFileFromString("nested/in/dir/source.txt", "test content")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+
+			err = fs.Copy("nested/in/dir/source.txt")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+
+			_, err = rfs.StatServerFile("nested/in/dir/source.txt")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+
+			_, err = rfs.StatServerFile("nested/in/dir/source copy.txt")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+		})
+
+		g.AfterEach(func() {
+			rfs.reset()
+
+			atomic.StoreInt64(&fs.diskUsed, 0)
+			atomic.StoreInt64(&fs.diskLimit, 0)
+		})
+	})
+}
+
+func TestFilesystem_Delete(t *testing.T) {
+	g := Goblin(t)
+	fs, rfs := NewFs()
+
+	g.Describe("Delete", func() {
+		g.BeforeEach(func() {
+			if err := rfs.CreateServerFileFromString("source.txt", "test content"); err != nil {
+				panic(err)
+			}
+
+			atomic.StoreInt64(&fs.diskUsed, int64(utf8.RuneCountInString("test content")))
+		})
+
+		g.It("does not delete files outside the root directory", func() {
+			err := rfs.CreateServerFileFromString("/../ext-source.txt", "external content")
+
+			err = fs.Delete("../ext-source.txt")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(IsErrorCode(err, ErrCodePathResolution)).IsTrue()
+		})
+
+		g.It("does not allow the deletion of the root directory", func() {
+			err := fs.Delete("/")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(err.Error()).Equal("cannot delete root server directory")
+		})
+
+		g.It("does not return an error if the target does not exist", func() {
+			err := fs.Delete("missing.txt")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+
+			st, err := rfs.StatServerFile("source.txt")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+			g.Assert(st.Name()).Equal("source.txt")
+		})
+
+		g.It("deletes files and subtracts their size from the disk usage", func() {
+			err := fs.Delete("source.txt")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+
+			_, err = rfs.StatServerFile("source.txt")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist)).IsTrue()
+
+			g.Assert(atomic.LoadInt64(&fs.diskUsed)).Equal(int64(0))
+		})
+
+		g.It("deletes all items inside a directory if the directory is deleted", func() {
+			sources := []string{
+				"foo/source.txt",
+				"foo/bar/source.txt",
+				"foo/bar/baz/source.txt",
+			}
+
+			err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(rfs.root, "/server/foo/bar/baz"), 0755)
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+
+			for _, s := range sources {
+				err = rfs.CreateServerFileFromString(s, "test content")
+				g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+			}
+
+			atomic.StoreInt64(&fs.diskUsed, int64(utf8.RuneCountInString("test content")*3))
+
+			err = fs.Delete("foo")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+			g.Assert(atomic.LoadInt64(&fs.diskUsed)).Equal(int64(0))
+
+			for _, s := range sources {
+				_, err = rfs.StatServerFile(s)
+				g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+				g.Assert(errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist)).IsTrue()
+			}
+		})
+
+		g.AfterEach(func() {
+			rfs.reset()
+
+			atomic.StoreInt64(&fs.diskUsed, 0)
+			atomic.StoreInt64(&fs.diskLimit, 0)
+		})
+	})
+}

server/filesystem/path.go

@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+package filesystem
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
+)
+
+// Checks if the given file or path is in the server's file denylist. If so, an Error
+// is returned, otherwise nil is returned.
+func (fs *Filesystem) IsIgnored(paths ...string) error {
+	for _, p := range paths {
+		sp, err := fs.SafePath(p)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if fs.denylist.MatchesPath(sp) {
+			return errors.WithStack(&Error{code: ErrCodeDenylistFile, path: p, resolved: sp})
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Normalizes a directory being passed in to ensure the user is not able to escape
+// from their data directory. After normalization if the directory is still within their home
+// path it is returned. If they managed to "escape" an error will be returned.
+//
+// This logic is actually copied over from the SFTP server code. Ideally that eventually
+// either gets ported into this application, or is able to make use of this package.
+func (fs *Filesystem) SafePath(p string) (string, error) {
+	var nonExistentPathResolution string
+
+	// Start with a cleaned up path before checking the more complex bits.
+	r := fs.unsafeFilePath(p)
+
+	// At the same time, evaluate the symlink status and determine where this file or folder
+	// is truly pointing to.
+	ep, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(r)
+	if err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return "", errors.Wrap(err, "server/filesystem: failed to evaluate symlink")
+	} else if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		// The requested directory doesn't exist, so at this point we need to iterate up the
+		// path chain until we hit a directory that _does_ exist and can be validated.
+		parts := strings.Split(filepath.Dir(r), "/")
+
+		var try string
+		// Range over all of the path parts and form directory pathings from the end
+		// moving up until we have a valid resolution or we run out of paths to try.
+		for k := range parts {
+			try = strings.Join(parts[:(len(parts)-k)], "/")
+
+			if !fs.unsafeIsInDataDirectory(try) {
+				break
+			}
+
+			t, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(try)
+			if err == nil {
+				nonExistentPathResolution = t
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// If the new path doesn't start with their root directory there is clearly an escape
+	// attempt going on, and we should NOT resolve this path for them.
+	if nonExistentPathResolution != "" {
+		if !fs.unsafeIsInDataDirectory(nonExistentPathResolution) {
+			return "", NewBadPathResolution(p, nonExistentPathResolution)
+		}
+
+		// If the nonExistentPathResolution variable is not empty then the initial path requested
+		// did not exist and we looped through the pathway until we found a match. At this point
+		// we've confirmed the first matched pathway exists in the root server directory, so we
+		// can go ahead and just return the path that was requested initially.
+		return r, nil
+	}
+
+	// If the requested directory from EvalSymlinks begins with the server root directory go
+	// ahead and return it. If not we'll return an error which will block any further action
+	// on the file.
+	if fs.unsafeIsInDataDirectory(ep) {
+		return ep, nil
+	}
+
+	return "", NewBadPathResolution(p, r)
+}
+
+// Generate a path to the file by cleaning it up and appending the root server path to it. This
+// DOES NOT guarantee that the file resolves within the server data directory. You'll want to use
+// the fs.unsafeIsInDataDirectory(p) function to confirm.
+func (fs *Filesystem) unsafeFilePath(p string) string {
+	// Calling filepath.Clean on the joined directory will resolve it to the absolute path,
+	// removing any ../ type of resolution arguments, and leaving us with a direct path link.
+	//
+	// This will also trim the existing root path off the beginning of the path passed to
+	// the function since that can get a bit messy.
+	return filepath.Clean(filepath.Join(fs.Path(), strings.TrimPrefix(p, fs.Path())))
+}
+
+// Check that that path string starts with the server data directory path. This function DOES NOT
+// validate that the rest of the path does not end up resolving out of this directory, or that the
+// targeted file or folder is not a symlink doing the same thing.
+func (fs *Filesystem) unsafeIsInDataDirectory(p string) bool {
+	return strings.HasPrefix(strings.TrimSuffix(p, "/")+"/", strings.TrimSuffix(fs.Path(), "/")+"/")
+}
+
+// Executes the fs.SafePath function in parallel against an array of paths. If any of the calls
+// fails an error will be returned.
+func (fs *Filesystem) ParallelSafePath(paths []string) ([]string, error) {
+	var cleaned []string
+
+	// Simple locker function to avoid racy appends to the array of cleaned paths.
+	var m = new(sync.Mutex)
+	var push = func(c string) {
+		m.Lock()
+		cleaned = append(cleaned, c)
+		m.Unlock()
+	}
+
+	// Create an error group that we can use to run processes in parallel while retaining
+	// the ability to cancel the entire process immediately should any of it fail.
+	g, ctx := errgroup.WithContext(context.Background())
+
+	// Iterate over all of the paths and generate a cleaned path, if there is an error for any
+	// of the files, abort the process.
+	for _, p := range paths {
+		// Create copy so we can use it within the goroutine correctly.
+		pi := p
+
+		// Recursively call this function to continue digging through the directory tree within
+		// a separate goroutine. If the context is canceled abort this process.
+		g.Go(func() error {
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return ctx.Err()
+			default:
+				// If the callback returns true, go ahead and keep walking deeper. This allows
+				// us to programmatically continue deeper into directories, or stop digging
+				// if that pathway knows it needs nothing else.
+				if c, err := fs.SafePath(pi); err != nil {
+					return err
+				} else {
+					push(c)
+				}
+
+				return nil
+			}
+		})
+	}
+
+	// Block until all of the routines finish and have returned a value.
+	return cleaned, g.Wait()
+}

server/filesystem/path_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+package filesystem
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	. "github.com/franela/goblin"
+)
+
+func TestFilesystem_Path(t *testing.T) {
+	g := Goblin(t)
+	fs, rfs := NewFs()
+
+	g.Describe("Path", func() {
+		g.It("returns the root path for the instance", func() {
+			g.Assert(fs.Path()).Equal(filepath.Join(rfs.root, "/server"))
+		})
+	})
+}
+
+func TestFilesystem_SafePath(t *testing.T) {
+	g := Goblin(t)
+	fs, rfs := NewFs()
+	prefix := filepath.Join(rfs.root, "/server")
+
+	g.Describe("SafePath", func() {
+		g.It("returns a cleaned path to a given file", func() {
+			p, err := fs.SafePath("test.txt")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+			g.Assert(p).Equal(prefix + "/test.txt")
+
+			p, err = fs.SafePath("/test.txt")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+			g.Assert(p).Equal(prefix + "/test.txt")
+
+			p, err = fs.SafePath("./test.txt")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+			g.Assert(p).Equal(prefix + "/test.txt")
+
+			p, err = fs.SafePath("/foo/../test.txt")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+			g.Assert(p).Equal(prefix + "/test.txt")
+
+			p, err = fs.SafePath("/foo/bar")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+			g.Assert(p).Equal(prefix + "/foo/bar")
+		})
+
+		g.It("handles root directory access", func() {
+			p, err := fs.SafePath("/")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+			g.Assert(p).Equal(prefix)
+
+			p, err = fs.SafePath("")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+			g.Assert(p).Equal(prefix)
+		})
+
+		g.It("removes trailing slashes from paths", func() {
+			p, err := fs.SafePath("/foo/bar/")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+			g.Assert(p).Equal(prefix + "/foo/bar")
+		})
+
+		g.It("handles deeply nested directories that do not exist", func() {
+			p, err := fs.SafePath("/foo/bar/baz/quaz/../../ducks/testing.txt")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+			g.Assert(p).Equal(prefix + "/foo/bar/ducks/testing.txt")
+		})
+
+		g.It("blocks access to files outside the root directory", func() {
+			p, err := fs.SafePath("../test.txt")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(IsErrorCode(err, ErrCodePathResolution)).IsTrue()
+			g.Assert(p).Equal("")
+
+			p, err = fs.SafePath("/../test.txt")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(IsErrorCode(err, ErrCodePathResolution)).IsTrue()
+			g.Assert(p).Equal("")
+
+			p, err = fs.SafePath("./foo/../../test.txt")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(IsErrorCode(err, ErrCodePathResolution)).IsTrue()
+			g.Assert(p).Equal("")
+
+			p, err = fs.SafePath("..")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(IsErrorCode(err, ErrCodePathResolution)).IsTrue()
+			g.Assert(p).Equal("")
+		})
+	})
+}
+
+// We test against accessing files outside the root directory in the tests, however it
+// is still possible for someone to mess up and not properly use this safe path call. In
+// order to truly confirm this, we'll try to pass in a symlinked malicious file to all of
+// the calls and ensure they all fail with the same reason.
+func TestFilesystem_Blocks_Symlinks(t *testing.T) {
+	g := Goblin(t)
+	fs, rfs := NewFs()
+
+	if err := rfs.CreateServerFileFromString("/../malicious.txt", "external content"); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	if err := os.Mkdir(filepath.Join(rfs.root, "/malicious_dir"), 0777); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	if err := os.Symlink(filepath.Join(rfs.root, "malicious.txt"), filepath.Join(rfs.root, "/server/symlinked.txt")); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	if err := os.Symlink(filepath.Join(rfs.root, "/malicious_dir"), filepath.Join(rfs.root, "/server/external_dir")); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	g.Describe("Readfile", func() {
+		g.It("cannot read a file symlinked outside the root", func() {
+			b := bytes.Buffer{}
+
+			err := fs.Readfile("symlinked.txt", &b)
+			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(IsErrorCode(err, ErrCodePathResolution)).IsTrue()
+		})
+	})
+
+	g.Describe("Writefile", func() {
+		g.It("cannot write to a file symlinked outside the root", func() {
+			r := bytes.NewReader([]byte("testing"))
+
+			err := fs.Writefile("symlinked.txt", r)
+			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(IsErrorCode(err, ErrCodePathResolution)).IsTrue()
+		})
+
+		g.It("cannot write a file to a directory symlinked outside the root", func() {
+			r := bytes.NewReader([]byte("testing"))
+
+			err := fs.Writefile("external_dir/foo.txt", r)
+			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(IsErrorCode(err, ErrCodePathResolution)).IsTrue()
+		})
+	})
+
+	g.Describe("CreateDirectory", func() {
+		g.It("cannot create a directory outside the root", func() {
+			err := fs.CreateDirectory("my_dir", "external_dir")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(IsErrorCode(err, ErrCodePathResolution)).IsTrue()
+		})
+
+		g.It("cannot create a nested directory outside the root", func() {
+			err := fs.CreateDirectory("my/nested/dir", "external_dir/foo/bar")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(IsErrorCode(err, ErrCodePathResolution)).IsTrue()
+		})
+
+		g.It("cannot create a nested directory outside the root", func() {
+			err := fs.CreateDirectory("my/nested/dir", "external_dir/server")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(IsErrorCode(err, ErrCodePathResolution)).IsTrue()
+		})
+	})
+
+	g.Describe("Rename", func() {
+		g.It("cannot rename a file symlinked outside the directory root", func() {
+			err := fs.Rename("symlinked.txt", "foo.txt")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(IsErrorCode(err, ErrCodePathResolution)).IsTrue()
+		})
+
+		g.It("cannot rename a symlinked directory outside the root", func() {
+			err := fs.Rename("external_dir", "foo")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(IsErrorCode(err, ErrCodePathResolution)).IsTrue()
+		})
+
+		g.It("cannot rename a file to a location outside the directory root", func() {
+			rfs.CreateServerFileFromString("my_file.txt", "internal content")
+
+			err := fs.Rename("my_file.txt", "external_dir/my_file.txt")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(IsErrorCode(err, ErrCodePathResolution)).IsTrue()
+		})
+	})
+
+	g.Describe("Chown", func() {
+		g.It("cannot chown a file symlinked outside the directory root", func() {
+			err := fs.Chown("symlinked.txt")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(IsErrorCode(err, ErrCodePathResolution)).IsTrue()
+		})
+
+		g.It("cannot chown a directory symlinked outside the directory root", func() {
+			err := fs.Chown("external_dir")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(IsErrorCode(err, ErrCodePathResolution)).IsTrue()
+		})
+	})
+
+	g.Describe("Copy", func() {
+		g.It("cannot copy a file symlinked outside the directory root", func() {
+			err := fs.Copy("symlinked.txt")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(IsErrorCode(err, ErrCodePathResolution)).IsTrue()
+		})
+	})
+
+	g.Describe("Delete", func() {
+		g.It("deletes the symlinked file but leaves the source", func() {
+			err := fs.Delete("symlinked.txt")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+
+			_, err = os.Stat(filepath.Join(rfs.root, "malicious.txt"))
+			g.Assert(err).IsNil()
+
+			_, err = rfs.StatServerFile("symlinked.txt")
+			g.Assert(err).IsNotNil()
+			g.Assert(errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist)).IsTrue()
+		})
+	})
+
+	rfs.reset()
+}

server/filesystem/stat.go

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+package filesystem
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype"
+)
+
+type Stat struct {
+	os.FileInfo
+	Mimetype string
+}
+
+func (s *Stat) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+	return json.Marshal(struct {
+		Name      string `json:"name"`
+		Created   string `json:"created"`
+		Modified  string `json:"modified"`
+		Mode      string `json:"mode"`
+		ModeBits  string `json:"mode_bits"`
+		Size      int64  `json:"size"`
+		Directory bool   `json:"directory"`
+		File      bool   `json:"file"`
+		Symlink   bool   `json:"symlink"`
+		Mime      string `json:"mime"`
+	}{
+		Name:     s.Name(),
+		Created:  s.CTime().Format(time.RFC3339),
+		Modified: s.ModTime().Format(time.RFC3339),
+		Mode:     s.Mode().String(),
+		// Using `&os.ModePerm` on the file's mode will cause the mode to only have the permission values, and nothing else.
+		ModeBits:  strconv.FormatUint(uint64(s.Mode()&os.ModePerm), 8),
+		Size:      s.Size(),
+		Directory: s.IsDir(),
+		File:      !s.IsDir(),
+		Symlink:   s.Mode().Perm()&os.ModeSymlink != 0,
+		Mime:      s.Mimetype,
+	})
+}
+
+// Stat stats a file or folder and returns the base stat object from go along
+// with the MIME data that can be used for editing files.
+func (fs *Filesystem) Stat(p string) (Stat, error) {
+	cleaned, err := fs.SafePath(p)
+	if err != nil {
+		return Stat{}, err
+	}
+	return fs.unsafeStat(cleaned)
+}
+
+func (fs *Filesystem) unsafeStat(p string) (Stat, error) {
+	s, err := os.Stat(p)
+	if err != nil {
+		return Stat{}, err
+	}
+
+	var m *mimetype.MIME
+	if !s.IsDir() {
+		m, err = mimetype.DetectFile(p)
+		if err != nil {
+			return Stat{}, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	st := Stat{
+		FileInfo: s,
+		Mimetype: "inode/directory",
+	}
+	if m != nil {
+		st.Mimetype = m.String()
+	}
+
+	return st, nil
+}

server/filesystem/stat_darwin.go

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package filesystem
+
+import (
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// CTime returns the time that the file/folder was created.
+func (s *Stat) CTime() time.Time {
+	st := s.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t)
+
+	return time.Unix(st.Ctimespec.Sec, st.Ctimespec.Nsec)
+}

server/filesystem/stat_linux.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package server
+package filesystem
 
 import (
 	"syscall"
@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@ import (
 
 // Returns the time that the file/folder was created.
 func (s *Stat) CTime() time.Time {
-	st := s.Info.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t)
+	st := s.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t)
 
+	// Do not remove these "redundant" type-casts, they are required for 32-bit builds to work.
 	return time.Unix(int64(st.Ctim.Sec), int64(st.Ctim.Nsec))
 }

server/filesystem/stat_windows.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package server
+package filesystem
 
 import (
 	"time"
@@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ import (
 // However, I have no idea how to do this on windows, so we're skipping it
 // for right now.
 func (s *Stat) CTime() time.Time {
-	return s.Info.ModTime()
+	return s.ModTime()
 }