attempt to update vhd on-the-fly

This is not currently working correctly — when setting the limit to 0 all existing files are destroyed. When setting it back to a non-zero value the old files are returned from the allocated disk.

This at least starts getting the code pathways in place to handle it and introduces some additional lock safety on the VHD management code.

.github/FUNDING.yml

@@ -1,2 +1 @@
-github: [ DaneEveritt ]
+github: [ matthewpi ]
-custom: [ "https://paypal.me/PterodactylSoftware" ]

.github/workflows/build-test.yml

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         os: [ ubuntu-20.04 ]
-        go: [ '^1.17' ]
+        go: [ '1.18.7' ]
         goos: [ linux ]
         goarch: [ amd64, arm64 ]
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
@@ -58,7 +58,6 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           go build -v -trimpath -ldflags="-s -w -X ${SRC_PATH}/system.Version=dev-${GIT_COMMIT:0:7}" -o build/wings_${GOOS}_${GOARCH} wings.go
           go build -v -trimpath -ldflags="-X ${SRC_PATH}/system.Version=dev-${GIT_COMMIT:0:7}" -o build/wings_${GOOS}_${GOARCH}_debug wings.go
-          upx build/wings_${GOOS}_${{ matrix.goarch }}
           chmod +x build/*
       - name: Tests
         run: go test -race ./...

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v2
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v2
         with:
-          go-version: '^1.17'
+          go-version: '1.18.7'
       - name: Build
         env:
           REF: ${{ github.ref }}
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ jobs:
         run: go test ./...
       - name: Compress binary and make it executable
         run: |
-          upx build/wings_linux_amd64 && chmod +x build/wings_linux_amd64
+          chmod +x build/wings_linux_amd64
-          upx build/wings_linux_arm64 && chmod +x build/wings_linux_arm64
+          chmod +x build/wings_linux_arm64
       - name: Extract changelog
         env:
           REF: ${{ github.ref }}

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,17 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## v1.7.2
+### Fixed
+* The S3 backup driver now supports Cloudflare R2
+
+### Added
+* During a server transfer, there is a new "Archiving" status that outputs the progress of creating the server transfer archive.
+* Adds a configuration option to control the list of trusted proxies that can be used to determine the client IP address.
+* Adds a configuration option to control the Docker username space setting when Wings creates containers.
+
+### Changed
+* Releases are now built using `Go 1.18` — the minimum version required to build Wings is now `Go 1.18`.
+
 ## v1.7.1
 ### Fixed
 * YAML parser has been updated to fix some strange issues

Dockerfile

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # Stage 1 (Build)
-FROM golang:1.17-alpine AS builder
+FROM golang:1.18-alpine AS builder
 
 ARG VERSION
 RUN apk add --update --no-cache git make

Makefile

@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ build:
 	GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 go build -ldflags="-s -w" -gcflags "all=-trimpath=$(pwd)" -o build/wings_linux_amd64 -v wings.go
 	GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm64 go build -ldflags="-s -w" -gcflags "all=-trimpath=$(pwd)" -o build/wings_linux_arm64 -v wings.go
 
+race:
+	go build -ldflags="-X github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system.Version=$(GIT_HEAD)" -race
+
 debug:
 	go build -ldflags="-X github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system.Version=$(GIT_HEAD)"
 	sudo ./wings --debug --ignore-certificate-errors --config config.yml --pprof --pprof-block-rate 1
@@ -14,9 +17,6 @@ rmdebug:
 	go build -gcflags "all=-N -l" -ldflags="-X github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system.Version=$(GIT_HEAD)" -race
 	sudo dlv --listen=:2345 --headless=true --api-version=2 --accept-multiclient exec ./wings -- --debug --ignore-certificate-errors --config config.yml
 
-compress:
-	upx --brute build/wings_*
-
 cross-build: clean build compress
 
 clean:

README.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ dependencies, and allowing users to authenticate with the same credentials they
 
 ## Sponsors
 I would like to extend my sincere thanks to the following sponsors for helping find Pterodactyl's developement.
-[Interested in becoming a sponsor?](https://github.com/sponsors/DaneEveritt)
+[Interested in becoming a sponsor?](https://github.com/sponsors/matthewpi)
 
 | Company | About |
 | ------- | ----- |

cmd/migrate_vhd.go

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
+
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/vhd"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/loggers/cli"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/remote"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+type MigrateVHDCommand struct {
+	manager *server.Manager
+}
+
+func newMigrateVHDCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	return &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "migrate-vhd",
+		Short: "migrates existing data from a directory tree into virtual hard-disks",
+		PreRun: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+			log.SetLevel(log.DebugLevel)
+			log.SetHandler(cli.Default)
+		},
+		Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+			client := remote.NewFromConfig(config.Get())
+			manager, err := server.NewManager(cmd.Context(), client, true)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.WithField("error", err).Fatal("failed to create new server manager")
+			}
+			c := &MigrateVHDCommand{
+				manager: manager,
+			}
+			if err := c.Run(cmd.Context()); err != nil {
+				log.WithField("error", err).Fatal("failed to execute command")
+			}
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// Run executes the migration command.
+func (m *MigrateVHDCommand) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
+	if !vhd.Enabled() {
+		return errors.New("cannot migrate to vhd: the underlying driver must be set to \"vhd\"")
+	}
+	for _, s := range m.manager.All() {
+		s.Log().Debug("starting migration of server contents to virtual disk...")
+
+		v := vhd.New(s.DiskSpace(), vhd.DiskPath(s.ID()), s.Filesystem().Path())
+		s.Log().WithField("disk_image", v.Path()).Info("creating virtual disk for server")
+		if err := v.Allocate(ctx); err != nil {
+			return errors.WithStackIf(err)
+		}
+
+		s.Log().Info("creating virtual filesystem for server")
+		if err := v.MakeFilesystem(ctx); err != nil {
+			// If the filesystem already exists no worries, just move on with our
+			// day here.
+			if !errors.Is(err, vhd.ErrFilesystemExists) {
+				return errors.WithStack(err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		bak := strings.TrimSuffix(s.Filesystem().Path(), "/") + "_bak"
+		mounted, err := v.IsMounted(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		} else if !mounted {
+			s.Log().WithField("backup_dir", bak).Debug("virtual disk is not yet mounted, creating backup directory")
+			// Create a backup directory of the server files if one does not already exist
+			// at that location. If one does exists we'll just assume it is good to go and
+			// rely on it to provide the files we'll need.
+			if _, err := os.Lstat(bak); os.IsNotExist(err) {
+				if err := os.Rename(s.Filesystem().Path(), bak); err != nil {
+					return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to rename existing data directory for backup")
+				}
+			} else if err != nil {
+				return errors.WithStack(err)
+			}
+			if err := os.RemoveAll(s.Filesystem().Path()); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+				return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to remove base server files path")
+			}
+		} else {
+			s.Log().Warn("server appears to already have existing mount, not creating data backup")
+		}
+
+		// Attempt to mount the disk at the expected path now that we've created
+		// a backup of the server files.
+		if err := v.Mount(ctx); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, vhd.ErrFilesystemMounted) {
+			return errors.WithStackIf(err)
+		}
+
+		// Copy over the files from the backup for this server but only
+		// if we have a backup directory currently.
+		_, err = os.Lstat(bak)
+		if err != nil {
+			if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+				s.Log().WithField("error", err).Warn("failed to stat backup directory")
+			} else {
+				s.Log().Info("no backup data directory exists, not restoring files")
+			}
+		} else {
+			cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "cp", "-r", bak+"/.", s.Filesystem().Path())
+			if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+				return errors.Wrap(err, "migrate: failed to move old server files into new direcotry")
+			} else {
+				if err := os.RemoveAll(bak); err != nil {
+					s.Log().WithField("directory", bak).WithField("error", err).Warn("failed to remove backup directory")
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		s.Log().Info("updating server file ownership...")
+		if err := s.Filesystem().Chown("/"); err != nil {
+			s.Log().WithField("error", err).Warn("failed to update ownership of new server files")
+		}
+
+		s.Log().Info("finished migration to virtual disk...")
+	}
+	return nil
+}

cmd/root.go

@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@ import (
 	"crypto/tls"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/cron"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/database"
 	log2 "log"
 	"net/http"
 	_ "net/http/pprof"
@@ -18,6 +16,9 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/cron"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/database"
+
 	"github.com/NYTimes/logrotate"
 	"github.com/apex/log"
 	"github.com/apex/log/handlers/multi"
@@ -46,8 +47,16 @@ var (
 var rootCommand = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "wings",
 	Short: "Runs the API server allowing programmatic control of game servers for Pterodactyl Panel.",
-	PreRun: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+	PersistentPreRun: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 		initConfig()
+		if ok, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("ignore-certificate-errors"); ok {
+			log.Warn("running with --ignore-certificate-errors: TLS certificate host chains and name will not be verified")
+			http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport).TLSClientConfig = &tls.Config{
+				InsecureSkipVerify: true,
+			}
+		}
+	},
+	PreRun: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 		initLogging()
 		if tls, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("auto-tls"); tls {
 			if host, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("tls-hostname"); host == "" {
@@ -76,6 +85,7 @@ func Execute() {
 func init() {
 	rootCommand.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&configPath, "config", config.DefaultLocation, "set the location for the configuration file")
 	rootCommand.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&debug, "debug", false, "pass in order to run wings in debug mode")
+	rootCommand.PersistentFlags().Bool("ignore-certificate-errors", false, "ignore certificate verification errors when executing API calls")
 
 	// Flags specifically used when running the API.
 	rootCommand.Flags().Bool("pprof", false, "if the pprof profiler should be enabled. The profiler will bind to localhost:6060 by default")
@@ -83,11 +93,11 @@ func init() {
 	rootCommand.Flags().Int("pprof-port", 6060, "If provided with --pprof, the port it will run on")
 	rootCommand.Flags().Bool("auto-tls", false, "pass in order to have wings generate and manage its own SSL certificates using Let's Encrypt")
 	rootCommand.Flags().String("tls-hostname", "", "required with --auto-tls, the FQDN for the generated SSL certificate")
-	rootCommand.Flags().Bool("ignore-certificate-errors", false, "ignore certificate verification errors when executing API calls")
 
 	rootCommand.AddCommand(versionCommand)
 	rootCommand.AddCommand(configureCmd)
 	rootCommand.AddCommand(newDiagnosticsCommand())
+	rootCommand.AddCommand(newMigrateVHDCommand())
 }
 
 func rootCmdRun(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) {
@@ -95,13 +105,6 @@ func rootCmdRun(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) {
 	log.Debug("running in debug mode")
 	log.WithField("config_file", configPath).Info("loading configuration from file")
 
-	if ok, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("ignore-certificate-errors"); ok {
-		log.Warn("running with --ignore-certificate-errors: TLS certificate host chains and name will not be verified")
-		http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport).TLSClientConfig = &tls.Config{
-			InsecureSkipVerify: true,
-		}
-	}
-
 	if err := config.ConfigureTimezone(); err != nil {
 		log.WithField("error", err).Fatal("failed to detect system timezone or use supplied configuration value")
 	}
@@ -136,7 +139,7 @@ func rootCmdRun(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) {
 		log.WithField("error", err).Fatal("failed to initialize database")
 	}
 
-	manager, err := server.NewManager(cmd.Context(), pclient)
+	manager, err := server.NewManager(cmd.Context(), pclient, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.WithField("error", err).Fatal("failed to load server configurations")
 	}

config/config.go

@@ -91,6 +91,9 @@ type ApiConfiguration struct {
 
 	// The maximum size for files uploaded through the Panel in MB.
 	UploadLimit int64 `default:"100" json:"upload_limit" yaml:"upload_limit"`
+
+	// A list of IP address of proxies that may send a X-Forwarded-For header to set the true clients IP
+	TrustedProxies []string `json:"trusted_proxies" yaml:"trusted_proxies"`
 }
 
 // RemoteQueryConfiguration defines the configuration settings for remote requests
@@ -302,6 +305,11 @@ type Configuration struct {
 	// is only required by users running Wings without SSL certificates and using internal IP
 	// addresses in order to connect. Most users should NOT enable this setting.
 	AllowCORSPrivateNetwork bool `json:"allow_cors_private_network" yaml:"allow_cors_private_network"`
+
+	// Servers contains all of the settings that are used when configuring individual servers
+	// on the system. This is a global configuration for all server instances, not to be confused
+	// with the per-server configurations provided by the Panel API.
+	Servers Servers `json:"servers" yaml:"servers"`
 }
 
 // NewAtPath creates a new struct and set the path where it should be stored.

config/config_docker.go

@@ -78,6 +78,14 @@ type DockerConfiguration struct {
 	Overhead Overhead `json:"overhead" yaml:"overhead"`
 
 	UsePerformantInspect bool `default:"true" json:"use_performant_inspect" yaml:"use_performant_inspect"`
+
+	// Sets the user namespace mode for the container when user namespace remapping option is
+	// enabled.
+	//
+	// If the value is blank, the daemon's user namespace remapping configuration is used,
+	// if the value is "host", then the pterodactyl containers are started with user namespace
+	// remapping disabled
+	UsernsMode string `default:"" json:"userns_mode" yaml:"userns_mode"`
 }
 
 // RegistryConfiguration defines the authentication credentials for a given

config/config_servers.go

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package config
+
+type FSDriver string
+
+const (
+	FSDriverLocal FSDriver = "local"
+	FSDriverVHD   FSDriver = "vhd"
+)
+
+type Servers struct {
+	// Filesystem defines all of the filesystem specific settings used for servers.
+	Filesystem Filesystem `json:"filesystem" yaml:"filesystem"`
+}
+
+type Filesystem struct {
+	// Driver defines the underlying filesystem driver that is used when a server is
+	// created on the system. This currently supports either of the following drivers:
+	//
+	// local: the local driver is the default one used by Wings. This offloads all of the
+	//        disk limit enforcement to Wings itself. This has a performance impact but is
+	//        the most compatiable with all systems.
+	//   vhd: the vhd driver uses "virtual" disks on the host system to enforce disk limits
+	//        on the server. This is more performant since calculations do not need to be made
+	//        by Wings itself when enforcing limits. It also avoids vulnerabilities that exist
+	//        in the local driver which allow malicious processes to quickly create massive files
+	//        before Wings is able to detect and stop them from being written.
+	Driver FSDriver `default:"local" json:"driver" yaml:"driver"`
+}

environment/docker/api.go

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/docker/docker/client"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/errdefs"
 	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
+
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
 )
 

environment/docker/container.go

@@ -261,6 +261,7 @@ func (e *Environment) Create() error {
 			"fowner", "fsetid", "net_bind_service", "sys_chroot", "setfcap",
 		},
 		NetworkMode: networkMode,
+		UsernsMode:  container.UsernsMode(config.Get().Docker.UsernsMode),
 	}
 
 	if _, err := e.client.ContainerCreate(ctx, conf, hostConf, nil, nil, e.Id); err != nil {

environment/docker/environment.go

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/apex/log"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/client"
+
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/environment"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/events"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/remote"

events/events.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
+
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
 )
 

go.mod

@@ -1,129 +1,125 @@
 module github.com/pterodactyl/wings
 
-go 1.17
+go 1.18
 
 require (
 	emperror.dev/errors v0.8.1
-	github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2 v2.3.4
+	github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2 v2.3.6
 	github.com/Jeffail/gabs/v2 v2.6.1
 	github.com/NYTimes/logrotate v1.0.0
 	github.com/apex/log v1.9.0
 	github.com/asaskevich/govalidator v0.0.0-20210307081110-f21760c49a8d
 	github.com/beevik/etree v1.1.0
 	github.com/buger/jsonparser v1.1.1
-	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.1.2
+	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.1.3
 	github.com/cobaugh/osrelease v0.0.0-20181218015638-a93a0a55a249
-	github.com/creasty/defaults v1.5.2
+	github.com/creasty/defaults v1.6.0
-	github.com/docker/docker v20.10.14+incompatible
+	github.com/docker/docker v20.10.18+incompatible
 	github.com/docker/go-connections v0.4.0
 	github.com/fatih/color v1.13.0
 	github.com/franela/goblin v0.0.0-20200825194134-80c0062ed6cd
-	github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.0
+	github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.1
-	github.com/gammazero/workerpool v1.1.2
+	github.com/gammazero/workerpool v1.1.3
 	github.com/gbrlsnchs/jwt/v3 v3.0.1
-	github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.7.7
+	github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.8.1
+	github.com/glebarez/sqlite v1.4.8
+	github.com/go-co-op/gocron v1.17.0
+	github.com/goccy/go-json v0.9.11
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.3.0
 	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.5.0
 	github.com/iancoleman/strcase v0.2.0
-	github.com/icza/dyno v0.0.0-20210726202311-f1bafe5d9996
+	github.com/icza/dyno v0.0.0-20220812133438-f0b6f8a18845
-	github.com/juju/ratelimit v1.0.1
+	github.com/juju/ratelimit v1.0.2
-	github.com/karrick/godirwalk v1.16.1
+	github.com/karrick/godirwalk v1.17.0
+	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.15.11
 	github.com/klauspost/pgzip v1.2.5
 	github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.6
-	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.12
+	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.13
 	github.com/mholt/archiver/v3 v3.5.1
 	github.com/mitchellh/colorstring v0.0.0-20190213212951-d06e56a500db
 	github.com/patrickmn/go-cache v2.1.0+incompatible
-	github.com/pkg/sftp v1.13.4
+	github.com/pkg/sftp v1.13.5
 	github.com/sabhiram/go-gitignore v0.0.0-20210923224102-525f6e181f06
-	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.4.0
+	github.com/spf13/afero v1.9.2
-	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.5
+	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.5.0
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20220321153916-2c7772ba3064
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.0
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20210220032951-036812b2e83c
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20220926161630-eccd6366d1be
-	gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.66.4
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20220929204114-8fcdb60fdcc0
+	gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.67.0
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0
-)
-
-require (
-	github.com/glebarez/sqlite v1.4.6
-	github.com/go-co-op/gocron v1.15.0
-	github.com/goccy/go-json v0.9.6
-	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.15.1
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1
-	gorm.io/gorm v1.23.8
+	gorm.io/gorm v1.23.10
 )
 
-require golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220722155257-8c9f86f7a55f // indirect
-
 require (
 	github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20210617225240-d185dfc1b5a1 // indirect
-	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.5.2 // indirect
+	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.9.2 // indirect
+	github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.9.4 // indirect
 	github.com/andybalholm/brotli v1.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.1.2 // indirect
-	github.com/containerd/containerd v1.6.2 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/fifo v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/docker/distribution v2.8.1+incompatible // indirect
 	github.com/docker/go-metrics v0.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/docker/go-units v0.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/dsnet/compress v0.0.2-0.20210315054119-f66993602bf5 // indirect
-	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.5.1 // indirect
+	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.5.4 // indirect
-	github.com/gammazero/deque v0.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/gammazero/deque v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gin-contrib/sse v0.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/glebarez/go-sqlite v1.17.3 // indirect
+	github.com/glebarez/go-sqlite v1.19.1 // indirect
 	github.com/go-playground/locales v0.14.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-playground/universal-translator v0.18.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.10.1 // indirect
+	github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.11.1 // indirect
 	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.2 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.4 // indirect
-	github.com/gorilla/mux v1.7.4 // indirect
+	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5 // indirect
 	github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12 // indirect
 	github.com/kballard/go-shellquote v0.0.0-20180428030007-95032a82bc51 // indirect
 	github.com/kr/fs v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/leodido/go-urn v1.2.1 // indirect
-	github.com/magefile/mage v1.13.0 // indirect
+	github.com/magefile/mage v1.14.0 // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.14 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.16 // indirect
-	github.com/matttproud/golang_protobuf_extensions v1.0.2-0.20181231171920-c182affec369 // indirect
+	github.com/matttproud/golang_protobuf_extensions v1.0.2 // indirect
 	github.com/mgutz/ansi v0.0.0-20200706080929-d51e80ef957d // indirect
-	github.com/moby/term v0.0.0-20210619224110-3f7ff695adc6 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/term v0.0.0-20220808134915-39b0c02b01ae // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 // indirect
 	github.com/morikuni/aec v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/nwaples/rardecode v1.1.3 // indirect
 	github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.0.2 // indirect
+	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.1.0-rc2 // indirect
-	github.com/pierrec/lz4/v4 v4.1.14 // indirect
+	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.0.5 // indirect
+	github.com/pierrec/lz4/v4 v4.1.17 // indirect
 	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.12.1 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.13.0 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/common v0.32.1 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/common v0.37.0 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.7.3 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.8.0 // indirect
-	github.com/remyoudompheng/bigfft v0.0.0-20200410134404-eec4a21b6bb0 // indirect
+	github.com/remyoudompheng/bigfft v0.0.0-20220927061507-ef77025ab5aa // indirect
 	github.com/robfig/cron/v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.8.1 // indirect
+	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.0 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5 // indirect
 	github.com/ugorji/go/codec v1.2.7 // indirect
 	github.com/ulikunitz/xz v0.5.10 // indirect
 	github.com/xi2/xz v0.0.0-20171230120015-48954b6210f8 // indirect
-	go.uber.org/atomic v1.9.0 // indirect
+	go.uber.org/atomic v1.10.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.8.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20220225172249-27dd8689420f // indirect
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.6.0-dev.0.20220419223038-86c51ed26bb4 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20210927222741-03fcf44c2211 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20221004154528-8021a29435af // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.3.7 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220928140112-f11e5e49a4ec // indirect
-	golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20220224211638-0e9765cccd65 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20220919170432-7a66f970e087 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20200804184101-5ec99f83aff1 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.3.8 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20220324131243-acbaeb5b85eb // indirect
+	golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20220922220347-f3bd1da661af // indirect
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.45.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.1.12 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.28.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20220907171357-04be3eba64a2 // indirect
-	modernc.org/libc v1.16.17 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.28.1 // indirect
-	modernc.org/mathutil v1.4.1 // indirect
+	modernc.org/libc v1.20.0 // indirect
-	modernc.org/memory v1.1.1 // indirect
+	modernc.org/mathutil v1.5.0 // indirect
-	modernc.org/sqlite v1.17.3 // indirect
+	modernc.org/memory v1.4.0 // indirect
+	modernc.org/sqlite v1.19.1 // indirect
 )

installer/installer.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"github.com/asaskevich/govalidator"
+
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/remote"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
 )
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ func New(ctx context.Context, manager *server.Manager, details ServerDetails) (*
 
 	// Create a new server instance using the configuration we wrote to the disk
 	// so that everything gets instantiated correctly on the struct.
-	s, err := manager.InitServer(c)
+	s, err := manager.InitServer(ctx, c)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.WrapIf(err, "installer: could not init server instance")
 	}

internal/cron/activity_cron.go

@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@ package cron
 
 import (
 	"context"
+
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
+
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/database"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/models"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"

internal/cron/cron.go

@@ -2,13 +2,15 @@ package cron
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"time"
+
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	log2 "github.com/apex/log"
 	"github.com/go-co-op/gocron"
+
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
-	"time"
 )
 
 const ErrCronRunning = errors.Sentinel("cron: job already running")

internal/cron/sftp_cron.go

@@ -2,12 +2,14 @@ package cron
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"reflect"
+
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
+
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/database"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/models"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
-	"reflect"
 )
 
 type sftpCron struct {

internal/database/database.go

@@ -1,19 +1,23 @@
 package database
 
 import (
+	"path/filepath"
+	"time"
+
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"github.com/glebarez/sqlite"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+	"gorm.io/gorm/logger"
+
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/models"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
-	"gorm.io/gorm"
-	"gorm.io/gorm/logger"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"time"
 )
 
-var o system.AtomicBool
+var (
-var db *gorm.DB
+	o  system.AtomicBool
+	db *gorm.DB
+)
 
 // Initialize configures the local SQLite database for Wings and ensures that the models have
 // been fully migrated.

internal/models/activity.go

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 package models
 
 import (
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
-	"gorm.io/gorm"
 	"time"
+
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
 )
 
 type Event string

internal/models/models.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package models
 
 import (
 	"database/sql"
+
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
 )

internal/vhd/vhd.go

@@ -0,0 +1,330 @@
+package vhd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+	"github.com/spf13/afero"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+)
+
+var (
+	ErrInvalidDiskPathTarget = errors.Sentinel("vhd: disk path is a directory or symlink")
+	ErrMountPathNotDirectory = errors.Sentinel("vhd: mount point is not a directory")
+	ErrFilesystemMounted     = errors.Sentinel("vhd: filesystem is already mounted")
+	ErrFilesystemNotMounted  = errors.Sentinel("vhd: filesystem is not mounted")
+	ErrFilesystemExists      = errors.Sentinel("vhd: filesystem already exists on disk")
+)
+
+var useDdAllocation bool
+var setDdAllocator sync.Once
+
+// hasExitCode allows this code to test the response error to see if there is
+// an exit code available from the command call that can be used to determine if
+// something went wrong.
+type hasExitCode interface {
+	ExitCode() int
+}
+
+// Commander defines an interface that must be met for executing commands on the
+// underlying OS. By default the vhd package will use Go's exec.Cmd type for
+// execution. This interface allows stubbing out on tests, or potentially custom
+// setups down the line.
+type Commander interface {
+	Run() error
+	Output() ([]byte, error)
+	String() string
+}
+
+// CommanderProvider is a function that provides a struct meeting the Commander
+// interface requirements.
+type CommanderProvider func(ctx context.Context, name string, args ...string) Commander
+
+// CfgOption is a configuration option callback for the Disk.
+type CfgOption func(d *Disk) *Disk
+
+// Disk represents the underlying virtual disk for the instance.
+type Disk struct {
+	mu sync.RWMutex
+	// The total size of the disk allowed in bytes.
+	size int64
+	// The path where the disk image should be created.
+	diskPath string
+	// The point at which this disk should be made available on the system. This
+	// is where files can be read/written to.
+	mountAt   string
+	fs        afero.Fs
+	commander CommanderProvider
+}
+
+// DiskPath returns the underlying path that contains the virtual disk for the server
+// identified by its UUID.
+func DiskPath(uuid string) string {
+	return filepath.Join(config.Get().System.Data, ".vhd/", uuid+".img")
+}
+
+// Enabled returns true when VHD support is enabled on the instance.
+func Enabled() bool {
+	return config.Get().Servers.Filesystem.Driver == config.FSDriverVHD
+}
+
+// New returns a new Disk instance. The "size" parameter should be provided in
+// bytes of space allowed for the disk. An additional slice of option callbacks
+// can be provided to programatically swap out the underlying filesystem
+// implementation or the underlying command exection engine.
+func New(size int64, diskPath string, mountAt string, opts ...func(*Disk)) *Disk {
+	if diskPath == "" || mountAt == "" {
+		panic("vhd: cannot specify an empty disk or mount path")
+	}
+	d := Disk{
+		size:     size,
+		diskPath: diskPath,
+		mountAt:  mountAt,
+		fs:       afero.NewOsFs(),
+		commander: func(ctx context.Context, name string, args ...string) Commander {
+			return exec.CommandContext(ctx, name, args...)
+		},
+	}
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		opt(&d)
+	}
+	return &d
+}
+
+// WithFs allows for a different underlying filesystem to be provided to the
+// virtual disk manager.
+func WithFs(fs afero.Fs) func(*Disk) {
+	return func(d *Disk) {
+		d.fs = fs
+	}
+}
+
+// WithCommander allows a different Commander provider to be provided.
+func WithCommander(c CommanderProvider) func(*Disk) {
+	return func(d *Disk) {
+		d.commander = c
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *Disk) Path() string {
+	return d.diskPath
+}
+
+func (d *Disk) MountPath() string {
+	return d.mountAt
+}
+
+// Exists reports if the disk exists on the system yet or not. This only verifies
+// the presence of the disk image, not the validity of it. An error is returned
+// if the path exists but the destination is not a file or is a symlink.
+func (d *Disk) Exists() (bool, error) {
+	d.mu.RLock()
+	defer d.mu.RUnlock()
+	st, err := d.fs.Stat(d.diskPath)
+	if err != nil && os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return false, nil
+	} else if err != nil {
+		return false, errors.WithStack(err)
+	}
+	if !st.IsDir() && st.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink == 0 {
+		return true, nil
+	}
+	return false, errors.WithStack(ErrInvalidDiskPathTarget)
+}
+
+// IsMounted checks to see if the given disk is currently mounted.
+func (d *Disk) IsMounted(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
+	find := d.mountAt + " ext4"
+	cmd := d.commander(ctx, "grep", "-qs", find, "/proc/mounts")
+	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+		if v, ok := err.(hasExitCode); ok {
+			if v.ExitCode() == 1 {
+				return false, nil
+			}
+		}
+		return false, errors.Wrap(err, "vhd: failed to execute grep for mount existence")
+	}
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+// Mount attempts to mount the disk as configured. If it does not exist or the
+// mount command fails an error will be returned to the caller. This does not
+// attempt to create the disk if it is missing from the filesystem.
+//
+// Attempting to mount a disk which does not exist will result in an error being
+// returned to the caller. If the disk is already mounted an ErrFilesystemMounted
+// error is returned to the caller.
+func (d *Disk) Mount(ctx context.Context) error {
+	d.mu.Lock()
+	defer d.mu.Unlock()
+	return d.mount(ctx)
+}
+
+// Unmount attempts to unmount the disk from the system. If the disk is not
+// currently mounted this function is a no-op and ErrFilesystemNotMounted is
+// returned to the caller.
+func (d *Disk) Unmount(ctx context.Context) error {
+	d.mu.Lock()
+	defer d.mu.Unlock()
+	return d.unmount(ctx)
+}
+
+// Allocate executes the "fallocate" command on the disk. This will first unmount
+// the disk from the system before attempting to actually allocate the space. If
+// this disk already exists on the machine it will be resized accordingly.
+//
+// DANGER! This will unmount the disk from the machine while performing this
+// action, use caution when calling it during normal processes.
+func (d *Disk) Allocate(ctx context.Context) error {
+	d.mu.Lock()
+	defer d.mu.Unlock()
+	if exists, err := d.Exists(); exists {
+		// If the disk currently exists attempt to unmount the mount point before
+		// allocating space.
+		if err := d.Unmount(ctx); err != nil {
+			return errors.WithStackIf(err)
+		}
+	} else if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "vhd: failed to check for existence of root disk")
+	}
+	trim := path.Base(d.diskPath)
+	if err := d.fs.MkdirAll(strings.TrimSuffix(d.diskPath, trim), 0700); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "vhd: failed to create base vhd disk directory")
+	}
+	cmd := d.allocationCmd(ctx)
+	if _, err := cmd.Output(); err != nil {
+		msg := "vhd: failed to execute space allocation command"
+		if v, ok := err.(*exec.ExitError); ok {
+			stderr := strings.Trim(string(v.Stderr), ".\n")
+			if !useDdAllocation && strings.HasSuffix(stderr, "not supported") {
+				// Try again: fallocate is not supported on some filesystems so we'll fall
+				// back to making use of dd for subsequent operations.
+				setDdAllocator.Do(func() {
+					useDdAllocation = true
+				})
+				return d.Allocate(ctx)
+			}
+			msg = msg + ": " + stderr
+		}
+		return errors.Wrap(err, msg)
+	}
+	return errors.WithStack(d.fs.Chmod(d.diskPath, 0600))
+}
+
+// Resize will change the internal disk size limit and then allocate the new
+// space to the disk automatically.
+func (d *Disk) Resize(ctx context.Context, size int64) error {
+	atomic.StoreInt64(&d.size, size)
+	return d.Allocate(ctx)
+}
+
+// Destroy removes the underlying allocated disk image and unmounts the disk.
+func (d *Disk) Destroy(ctx context.Context) error {
+	d.mu.Lock()
+	defer d.mu.Unlock()
+	if err := d.unmount(ctx); err != nil {
+		return errors.WithStackIf(err)
+	}
+	return errors.WithStackIf(d.fs.RemoveAll(d.mountAt))
+}
+
+// MakeFilesystem will attempt to execute the "mkfs" command against the disk on
+// the machine. If the disk has already been created this command will return an
+// ErrFilesystemExists error to the caller. You should manually unmount the disk
+// if it shouldn't be mounted at this point.
+func (d *Disk) MakeFilesystem(ctx context.Context) error {
+	d.mu.Lock()
+	defer d.mu.Unlock()
+	// If no error is returned when mounting DO NOT execute this command as it will
+	// completely destroy the data stored at that location.
+	err := d.Mount(ctx)
+	if err == nil || errors.Is(err, ErrFilesystemMounted) {
+		// If it wasn't already mounted try to clean up at this point and unmount
+		// the disk. If this fails just ignore it for now.
+		if err != nil {
+			_ = d.Unmount(ctx)
+		}
+		return ErrFilesystemExists
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "can't find in /etc/fstab") && !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "exit status 32") {
+		return errors.WrapIf(err, "vhd: unexpected error from mount command")
+	}
+	// As long as we got an error back that was because we couldn't find thedisk
+	// in the /etc/fstab file we're good. Otherwise it means the disk probably exists
+	// or something else went wrong.
+	//
+	// Because this is a destructive command and non-tty based exection of it implies
+	// "-F" (force), we need to only run it when we can guarantee it doesn't already
+	// exist. No vague "maybe that error is expected" allowed here.
+	cmd := d.commander(ctx, "mkfs", "-t", "ext4", d.diskPath)
+	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "vhd: failed to make filesystem for disk")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (d *Disk) mount(ctx context.Context) error {
+	if isMounted, err := d.IsMounted(ctx); err != nil {
+		return errors.WithStackIf(err)
+	} else if isMounted {
+		return ErrFilesystemMounted
+	}
+
+	if st, err := d.fs.Stat(d.mountAt); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "vhd: failed to stat mount path")
+	} else if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		if err := d.fs.MkdirAll(d.mountAt, 0700); err != nil {
+			return errors.Wrap(err, "vhd: failed to create mount path")
+		}
+	} else if !st.IsDir() {
+		return errors.WithStack(ErrMountPathNotDirectory)
+	}
+
+	u := config.Get().System.User
+	if err := d.fs.Chown(d.mountAt, u.Uid, u.Gid); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "vhd: failed to chown mount point")
+	}
+
+	cmd := d.commander(ctx, "mount", "-t", "auto", "-o", "loop", d.diskPath, d.mountAt)
+	if _, err := cmd.Output(); err != nil {
+		msg := "vhd: failed to mount disk"
+		if v, ok := err.(*exec.ExitError); ok {
+			msg = msg + ": " + strings.Trim(string(v.Stderr), ".\n")
+		}
+		return errors.Wrap(err, msg)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (d *Disk) unmount(ctx context.Context) error {
+	cmd := d.commander(ctx, "umount", d.mountAt)
+	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+		v, ok := err.(hasExitCode)
+		if ok && v.ExitCode() == 32 {
+			return ErrFilesystemNotMounted
+		}
+		return errors.Wrap(err, "vhd: failed to execute unmount command for disk")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// allocationCmd returns the command to allocate the disk image. This will attempt to
+// use the fallocate command if available, otherwise it will fall back to dd if the
+// fallocate command has previously failed.
+//
+// We use 1024 as the multiplier for all of the disk space logic within the application.
+// Passing "K" (/1024) is the same as "KiB" for fallocate, but is different than "KB" (/1000).
+func (d *Disk) allocationCmd(ctx context.Context) Commander {
+	s := atomic.LoadInt64(&d.size) / 1024
+	if useDdAllocation {
+		return d.commander(ctx, "dd", "if=/dev/zero", fmt.Sprintf("of=%s", d.diskPath), fmt.Sprintf("bs=%dk", s), "count=1")
+	}
+	return d.commander(ctx, "fallocate", "-l", fmt.Sprintf("%dK", s), d.diskPath)
+}

internal/vhd/vhd_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,476 @@
+package vhd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+	"github.com/spf13/afero"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	config.Set(&config.Configuration{
+		AuthenticationToken: "token123",
+		System: config.SystemConfiguration{
+			User: struct {
+				Uid int
+				Gid int
+			}{Uid: 10, Gid: 10},
+		},
+	})
+}
+
+type mockCmd struct {
+	run    func() error
+	output func() ([]byte, error)
+	string func() string
+}
+
+func (m *mockCmd) Run() error {
+	if m.run != nil {
+		return m.run()
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *mockCmd) Output() ([]byte, error) {
+	if m.output != nil {
+		return m.output()
+	}
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func (m *mockCmd) String() string {
+	if m.string != nil {
+		return m.string()
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+var _ Commander = (*mockCmd)(nil)
+
+type mockedExitCode struct {
+	code int
+}
+
+func (m *mockedExitCode) ExitCode() int {
+	return m.code
+}
+
+func (m *mockedExitCode) Error() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("mocked exit code: code %d", m.code)
+}
+
+func newMockDisk(c CommanderProvider) *Disk {
+	commander := func(ctx context.Context, name string, args ...string) Commander {
+		return &mockCmd{}
+	}
+	w := commander
+	if c != nil {
+		w = c
+	}
+	return New(100 * 1024 * 1024, "/disk.img", "/mnt", WithFs(afero.NewMemMapFs()), WithCommander(w))
+}
+
+func Test_New(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("creates expected struct", func(t *testing.T) {
+		d := New(100 * 1024 * 1024, "/disk.img", "/mnt")
+		assert.NotNil(t, d)
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(100 * 1024 * 1024), d.size)
+		assert.Equal(t, "/disk.img", d.diskPath)
+		assert.Equal(t, "/mnt", d.mountAt)
+
+		// Ensure by default we get a commander interface returned and that it
+		// returns an *exec.Cmd.
+		o := d.commander(context.TODO(), "foo", "-bar")
+		assert.NotNil(t, o)
+		_, ok := o.(Commander)
+		assert.True(t, ok)
+		_, ok = o.(*exec.Cmd)
+		assert.True(t, ok)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("creates an instance with custom options", func(t *testing.T) {
+		fs := afero.NewMemMapFs()
+
+		cprov := struct {
+			Commander
+		}{}
+		c := func(ctx context.Context, name string, args ...string) Commander {
+			return &cprov
+		}
+
+		d := New(100, "/disk.img", "/mnt", WithFs(fs), WithCommander(c))
+		assert.NotNil(t, d)
+		assert.Same(t, fs, d.fs)
+		assert.Same(t, &cprov, d.commander(context.TODO(), ""))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("panics if either path is empty", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.Panics(t, func() {
+			_ = New(100, "", "/bar")
+		})
+
+		assert.Panics(t, func() {
+			_ = New(100, "/foo", "")
+		})
+	})
+}
+
+func TestDisk_Exists(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("it exists", func(t *testing.T) {
+		d := newMockDisk(nil)
+		f, err := d.fs.Create("/disk.img")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		_ = f.Close()
+
+		exists, err := d.Exists()
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, exists)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("it does not exist", func(t *testing.T) {
+		d := newMockDisk(nil)
+		exists, err := d.Exists()
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.False(t, exists)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("it reports errors", func(t *testing.T) {
+		d := newMockDisk(nil)
+		err := d.fs.Mkdir("/disk.img", 0600)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		exists, err := d.Exists()
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.False(t, exists)
+		assert.EqualError(t, err, ErrInvalidDiskPathTarget.Error())
+	})
+}
+
+func TestDisk_IsMounted(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("executes command and finds mounted disk", func(t *testing.T) {
+		is := assert.New(t)
+		var called bool
+
+		pctx := context.TODO()
+		var cmd CommanderProvider = func(ctx context.Context, name string, args ...string) Commander {
+			called = true
+			is.Same(pctx, ctx)
+			is.Equal("grep", name)
+			is.Len(args, 3)
+			is.Equal([]string{"-qs", "/mnt ext4", "/proc/mounts"}, args)
+
+			return &mockCmd{}
+		}
+
+		disk := newMockDisk(cmd)
+		mnt, err := disk.IsMounted(pctx)
+		is.NoError(err)
+		is.True(mnt)
+		is.True(called)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("handles exit code 1 gracefully", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var called bool
+		var cmd CommanderProvider = func(ctx context.Context, name string, args ...string) Commander {
+			called = true
+			return &mockCmd{
+				run: func() error {
+					return &mockedExitCode{code: 1}
+				},
+			}
+		}
+
+		disk := newMockDisk(cmd)
+		mnt, err := disk.IsMounted(context.TODO())
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.False(t, mnt)
+		assert.True(t, called)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("handles unexpected errors successfully", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var cmd CommanderProvider = func(ctx context.Context, name string, args ...string) Commander {
+			return &mockCmd{
+				run: func() error {
+					return &mockedExitCode{code: 3}
+				},
+			}
+		}
+
+		disk := newMockDisk(cmd)
+		mnt, err := disk.IsMounted(context.TODO())
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.False(t, mnt)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestDisk_Mount(t *testing.T) {
+	failedCmd := func(ctx context.Context, name string, args ...string) Commander {
+		return &mockCmd{run: func() error {
+			return &mockedExitCode{code: 1}
+		}}
+	}
+
+	t.Run("error is returned if mount point is not a directory", func(t *testing.T) {
+		disk := newMockDisk(failedCmd)
+		_, err := disk.fs.Create("/mnt")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		err = disk.Mount(context.TODO())
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.EqualError(t, err, ErrMountPathNotDirectory.Error())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("error is returned if mount point cannot be created", func(t *testing.T) {
+		disk := newMockDisk(failedCmd)
+		disk.fs = afero.NewReadOnlyFs(disk.fs)
+
+		err := disk.Mount(context.TODO())
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.EqualError(t, err, "vhd: failed to create mount path: operation not permitted")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("error is returned if already mounted", func(t *testing.T) {
+		disk := newMockDisk(nil)
+		err := disk.Mount(context.TODO())
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.EqualError(t, err, ErrFilesystemMounted.Error())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("error is returned if mount command fails", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var called bool
+		var cmd CommanderProvider = func(ctx context.Context, name string, args ...string) Commander {
+			return &mockCmd{
+				run: func() error {
+					return &mockedExitCode{code: 1}
+				},
+				output: func() ([]byte, error) {
+					called = true
+
+					assert.Equal(t, "mount", name)
+					assert.Equal(t, []string{"-t", "auto", "-o", "loop", "/disk.img", "/mnt"}, args)
+
+					return nil, &exec.ExitError{
+						ProcessState: &os.ProcessState{},
+						Stderr: []byte("foo bar.\n"),
+					}
+				},
+			}
+		}
+
+		disk := newMockDisk(cmd)
+		err := disk.Mount(context.TODO())
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.EqualError(t, err, "vhd: failed to mount disk: foo bar: exit status 0")
+		assert.True(t, called)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("disk can be mounted at existing path", func(t *testing.T) {
+		disk := newMockDisk(failedCmd)
+		require.NoError(t, disk.fs.Mkdir("/mnt", 0600))
+
+		err := disk.Mount(context.TODO())
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("disk can be mounted at non-existing path", func(t *testing.T) {
+		disk := newMockDisk(failedCmd)
+		err := disk.Mount(context.TODO())
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+		st, err := disk.fs.Stat("/mnt")
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, st.IsDir())
+	})
+}
+
+func TestDisk_Unmount(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("can unmount a disk", func(t *testing.T) {
+		is := assert.New(t)
+		pctx := context.TODO()
+
+		var called bool
+		var cmd CommanderProvider = func(ctx context.Context, name string, args ...string) Commander {
+			called = true
+
+			is.Same(pctx, ctx)
+			is.Equal("umount", name)
+			is.Equal([]string{"/mnt"}, args)
+
+			return &mockCmd{}
+		}
+
+		disk := newMockDisk(cmd)
+		err := disk.Unmount(pctx)
+		is.NoError(err)
+		is.True(called)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("handles exit code 32 correctly", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var cmd CommanderProvider = func(ctx context.Context, name string, args ...string) Commander {
+			return &mockCmd{
+				run: func() error {
+					return &mockedExitCode{code: 32}
+				},
+			}
+		}
+
+		disk := newMockDisk(cmd)
+		err := disk.Unmount(context.TODO())
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("non code 32 errors are returned as error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var cmd CommanderProvider = func(ctx context.Context, name string, args ...string) Commander {
+			return &mockCmd{
+				run: func() error {
+					return &mockedExitCode{code: 1}
+				},
+			}
+		}
+
+		disk := newMockDisk(cmd)
+		err := disk.Unmount(context.TODO())
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("errors without ExitCode function are returned", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var cmd CommanderProvider = func(ctx context.Context, name string, args ...string) Commander {
+			return &mockCmd{
+				run: func() error {
+					return errors.New("foo bar")
+				},
+			}
+		}
+
+		disk := newMockDisk(cmd)
+		err := disk.Unmount(context.TODO())
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestDisk_Allocate(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("disk is unmounted before allocating space", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var called bool
+		var cmd CommanderProvider = func(ctx context.Context, name string, args ...string) Commander {
+			return &mockCmd{
+				output: func() ([]byte, error) {
+					called = true
+					assert.Equal(t, "fallocate", name)
+					assert.Equal(t, []string{"-l", "102400K", "/disk.img"}, args)
+					return nil, nil
+				},
+			}
+		}
+
+		disk := newMockDisk(cmd)
+		err := disk.fs.Mkdir("/mnt", 0600)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		err = disk.Allocate(context.TODO())
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, called)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("disk space is allocated even when not exists", func(t *testing.T) {
+		disk := newMockDisk(nil)
+		err := disk.Allocate(context.TODO())
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("error is returned if command fails", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var cmd CommanderProvider = func(ctx context.Context, name string, args ...string) Commander {
+			return &mockCmd{
+				output: func() ([]byte, error) {
+					return nil, &exec.ExitError{
+						ProcessState: &os.ProcessState{},
+						Stderr: []byte("foo bar.\n"),
+					}
+				},
+			}
+		}
+
+		disk := newMockDisk(cmd)
+		_, err := disk.fs.Create("/disk.img")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		err = disk.Allocate(context.TODO())
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.EqualError(t, err, "vhd: failed to execute fallocate command: foo bar: exit status 0")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestDisk_MakeFilesystem(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("filesystem is created if not found in /etc/fstab", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var called bool
+		var cmd CommanderProvider = func(ctx context.Context, name string, args ...string) Commander {
+			return &mockCmd{
+				run: func() error {
+					// Expect the call from IsMounted here and just return what we need
+					// to indicate that nothing is currently mounted.
+					if name == "grep" {
+						return &mockedExitCode{code: 1}
+					}
+					called = true
+					assert.Equal(t, "mkfs", name)
+					assert.Equal(t, []string{"-t", "ext4", "/disk.img"}, args)
+					return nil
+				},
+				output: func() ([]byte, error) {
+					return nil, errors.New("error: can't find in /etc/fstab foo bar testing")
+				},
+			}
+		}
+
+		disk := newMockDisk(cmd)
+		err := disk.MakeFilesystem(context.TODO())
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, called)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("filesystem is created if error is returned from mount command", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var called bool
+		var cmd CommanderProvider = func(ctx context.Context, name string, args ...string) Commander {
+			return &mockCmd{
+				run: func() error {
+					// Expect the call from IsMounted here and just return what we need
+					// to indicate that nothing is currently mounted.
+					if name == "grep" {
+						return &mockedExitCode{code: 1}
+					}
+					called = true
+					assert.Equal(t, "mkfs", name)
+					assert.Equal(t, []string{"-t", "ext4", "/disk.img"}, args)
+					return nil
+				},
+				output: func() ([]byte, error) {
+					if name == "mount" {
+						return nil, &exec.ExitError{
+							Stderr: []byte("foo bar: exit status 32\n"),
+						}
+					}
+					return nil, nil
+				},
+			}
+		}
+
+		disk := newMockDisk(cmd)
+		err := disk.MakeFilesystem(context.TODO())
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, called)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("error is returned if currently mounted", func(t *testing.T) {
+		disk := newMockDisk(nil)
+		err := disk.MakeFilesystem(context.TODO())
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.EqualError(t, err, ErrFilesystemExists.Error())
+	})
+}

remote/http.go

@@ -4,18 +4,20 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/models"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/models"
+
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"github.com/apex/log"
 	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4"
 	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
 
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
 )
 
@@ -58,6 +60,18 @@ func New(base string, opts ...ClientOption) Client {
 	return &c
 }
 
+// NewFromConfig returns a new Client using the configuration passed through
+// by the caller.
+func NewFromConfig(cfg *config.Configuration, opts ...ClientOption) Client {
+	passOpts := []ClientOption{
+		WithCredentials(cfg.AuthenticationTokenId, cfg.AuthenticationToken),
+		WithHttpClient(&http.Client{
+			Timeout: time.Second * time.Duration(cfg.RemoteQuery.Timeout),
+		}),
+	}
+	return New(cfg.PanelLocation, append(passOpts, opts...)...)
+}
+
 // WithCredentials sets the credentials to use when making request to the remote
 // API endpoint.
 func WithCredentials(id, token string) ClientOption {

remote/servers.go

@@ -3,10 +3,11 @@ package remote
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/models"
 	"strconv"
 	"sync"
 
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/models"
+
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"github.com/apex/log"
 	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"

remote/types.go

@@ -2,11 +2,12 @@ package remote
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
-	"github.com/apex/log"
-	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
 	"regexp"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/apex/log"
+	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
+
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/parser"
 )
 
@@ -156,9 +157,15 @@ type BackupRemoteUploadResponse struct {
 	PartSize int64    `json:"part_size"`
 }
 
+type BackupPart struct {
+	ETag       string `json:"etag"`
+	PartNumber int    `json:"part_number"`
+}
+
 type BackupRequest struct {
 	Checksum     string       `json:"checksum"`
 	ChecksumType string       `json:"checksum_type"`
 	Size         int64        `json:"size"`
 	Successful   bool         `json:"successful"`
+	Parts        []BackupPart `json:"parts"`
 }

router/router.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/apex/log"
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/remote"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/middleware"
 	wserver "github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@ func Configure(m *wserver.Manager, client remote.Client) *gin.Engine {
 
 	router := gin.New()
 	router.Use(gin.Recovery())
+	router.SetTrustedProxies(config.Get().Api.TrustedProxies)
 	router.Use(middleware.AttachRequestID(), middleware.CaptureErrors(), middleware.SetAccessControlHeaders())
 	router.Use(middleware.AttachServerManager(m), middleware.AttachApiClient(client))
 	// @todo log this into a different file so you can setup IP blocking for abusive requests and such.

router/router_server.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"github.com/apex/log"
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/downloader"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/middleware"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/tokens"

router/router_server_files.go

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package router
 import (
 	"bufio"
 	"context"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/models"
 	"io"
 	"mime/multipart"
 	"net/http"
@@ -14,6 +13,8 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/models"
+
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
 
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
@@ -602,7 +603,7 @@ func postServerUploadFiles(c *gin.Context) {
 			NewServerError(err, s).Abort(c)
 			return
 		} else {
-			s.SaveActivity(s.NewRequestActivity(token.UserUuid, c.Request.RemoteAddr), server.ActivityFileUploaded, models.ActivityMeta{
+			s.SaveActivity(s.NewRequestActivity(token.UserUuid, c.ClientIP()), server.ActivityFileUploaded, models.ActivityMeta{
 				"file":      header.Filename,
 				"directory": filepath.Clean(directory),
 			})

router/router_server_ws.go

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ func getServerWebsocket(c *gin.Context) {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(c.Request.Context())
 	defer cancel()
 
-	handler, err := websocket.GetHandler(s, c.Writer, c.Request)
+	handler, err := websocket.GetHandler(s, c.Writer, c.Request, c)
 	if err != nil {
 		NewServerError(err, s).Abort(c)
 		return

router/router_transfer.go

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
-	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
@@ -30,19 +29,9 @@ import (
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/router/tokens"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/server/filesystem"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
 )
 
-// Number of ticks in the progress bar
+const progressWidth = 25
-const ticks = 25
-
-// 100% / number of ticks = percentage represented by each tick
-const tickPercentage = 100 / ticks
-
-type downloadProgress struct {
-	size     int64
-	progress int64
-}
 
 // Data passed over to initiate a server transfer.
 type serverTransferRequest struct {
@@ -95,7 +84,7 @@ func getServerArchive(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	// Compute sha1 checksum.
+	// Compute sha256 checksum.
 	h := sha256.New()
 	f, err := os.Open(archivePath)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -184,11 +173,35 @@ func postServerArchive(c *gin.Context) {
 			return
 		}
 
+		// Get the disk usage of the server (used to calculate the progress of the archive process)
+		rawSize, err := s.Filesystem().DiskUsage(true)
+		if err != nil {
+			sendTransferLog("Failed to get disk usage for server, aborting transfer..")
+			l.WithField("error", err).Error("failed to get disk usage for server")
+			return
+		}
+
 		// Create an archive of the entire server's data directory.
 		a := &filesystem.Archive{
 			BasePath: s.Filesystem().Path(),
+			Progress: filesystem.NewProgress(rawSize),
 		}
 
+		// Send the archive progress to the websocket every 3 seconds.
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(s.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		go func(ctx context.Context, p *filesystem.Progress, t *time.Ticker) {
+			defer t.Stop()
+			for {
+				select {
+				case <-ctx.Done():
+					return
+				case <-t.C:
+					sendTransferLog("Archiving " + p.Progress(progressWidth))
+				}
+			}
+		}(ctx, a.Progress, time.NewTicker(5*time.Second))
+
 		// Attempt to get an archive of the server.
 		if err := a.Create(getArchivePath(s.ID())); err != nil {
 			sendTransferLog("An error occurred while archiving the server: " + err.Error())
@@ -196,6 +209,12 @@ func postServerArchive(c *gin.Context) {
 			return
 		}
 
+		// Cancel the progress ticker.
+		cancel()
+
+		// Show 100% completion.
+		sendTransferLog("Archiving " + a.Progress.Progress(progressWidth))
+
 		sendTransferLog("Successfully created archive, attempting to notify panel..")
 		l.Info("successfully created server transfer archive, notifying panel..")
 
@@ -223,12 +242,6 @@ func postServerArchive(c *gin.Context) {
 	c.Status(http.StatusAccepted)
 }
 
-func (w *downloadProgress) Write(v []byte) (int, error) {
-	n := len(v)
-	atomic.AddInt64(&w.progress, int64(n))
-	return n, nil
-}
-
 // Log helper function to attach all errors and info output to a consistently formatted
 // log string for easier querying.
 func (str serverTransferRequest) log() *log.Entry {
@@ -321,7 +334,7 @@ func postTransfer(c *gin.Context) {
 	manager := middleware.ExtractManager(c)
 	u, err := uuid.Parse(data.ServerID)
 	if err != nil {
-		WithError(c, err)
+		_ = WithError(c, err)
 		return
 	}
 	// Force the server ID to be a valid UUID string at this point. If it is not an error
@@ -331,11 +344,12 @@ func postTransfer(c *gin.Context) {
 
 	data.log().Info("handling incoming server transfer request")
 	go func(data *serverTransferRequest) {
+		ctx := context.Background()
 		hasError := true
 
 		// Create a new server installer. This will only configure the environment and not
 		// run the installer scripts.
-		i, err := installer.New(context.Background(), manager, data.Server)
+		i, err := installer.New(ctx, manager, data.Server)
 		if err != nil {
 			_ = data.sendTransferStatus(manager.Client(), false)
 			data.log().WithField("error", err).Error("failed to validate received server data")
@@ -407,25 +421,22 @@ func postTransfer(c *gin.Context) {
 		sendTransferLog("Writing archive to disk...")
 		data.log().Info("writing transfer archive to disk...")
 
-		// Copy the file.
+		progress := filesystem.NewProgress(size)
-		progress := &downloadProgress{size: size}
+
-		ticker := time.NewTicker(3 * time.Second)
+		// Send the archive progress to the websocket every 3 seconds.
-		go func(progress *downloadProgress, t *time.Ticker) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-			for range ticker.C {
+		defer cancel()
-				// p = 100 (Downloaded)
+		go func(ctx context.Context, p *filesystem.Progress, t *time.Ticker) {
-				// size = 1000 (Content-Length)
+			defer t.Stop()
-				// p / size = 0.1
+			for {
-				// * 100 = 10% (Multiply by 100 to get a percentage of the download)
+				select {
-				// 10% / tickPercentage = (10% / (100 / 25)) (Divide by tick percentage to get the number of ticks)
+				case <-ctx.Done():
-				// 2.5 (Number of ticks as a float64)
+					return
-				// 2 (convert to an integer)
+				case <-t.C:
-				p := atomic.LoadInt64(&progress.progress)
+					sendTransferLog("Downloading " + p.Progress(progressWidth))
-				// We have to cast these numbers to float in order to get a float result from the division.
-				width := ((float64(p) / float64(size)) * 100) / tickPercentage
-				bar := strings.Repeat("=", int(width)) + strings.Repeat(" ", ticks-int(width))
-				sendTransferLog("Downloading [" + bar + "] " + system.FormatBytes(p) + " / " + system.FormatBytes(progress.size))
 				}
-		}(progress, ticker)
+			}
+		}(ctx, progress, time.NewTicker(5*time.Second))
 
 		var reader io.Reader
 		downloadLimit := float64(config.Get().System.Transfers.DownloadLimit) * 1024 * 1024
@@ -438,18 +449,16 @@ func postTransfer(c *gin.Context) {
 
 		buf := make([]byte, 1024*4)
 		if _, err := io.CopyBuffer(file, io.TeeReader(reader, progress), buf); err != nil {
-			ticker.Stop()
 			_ = file.Close()
 
 			sendTransferLog("Failed while writing archive file to disk: " + err.Error())
 			data.log().WithField("error", err).Error("failed to copy archive file to disk")
 			return
 		}
-		ticker.Stop()
+		cancel()
 
 		// Show 100% completion.
-		humanSize := system.FormatBytes(progress.size)
+		sendTransferLog("Downloading " + progress.Progress(progressWidth))
-		sendTransferLog("Downloading [" + strings.Repeat("=", ticks) + "] " + humanSize + " / " + humanSize)
 
 		if err := file.Close(); err != nil {
 			data.log().WithField("error", err).Error("unable to close archive file on local filesystem")

router/websocket/listeners.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
+
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/events"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
 

router/websocket/websocket.go

@@ -3,18 +3,21 @@ package websocket
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/models"
 	"net/http"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/models"
+
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"github.com/apex/log"
 	"github.com/gbrlsnchs/jwt/v3"
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
 	"github.com/gorilla/websocket"
+
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
 
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
@@ -79,7 +82,7 @@ func NewTokenPayload(token []byte) (*tokens.WebsocketPayload, error) {
 }
 
 // GetHandler returns a new websocket handler using the context provided.
-func GetHandler(s *server.Server, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) (*Handler, error) {
+func GetHandler(s *server.Server, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, c *gin.Context) (*Handler, error) {
 	upgrader := websocket.Upgrader{
 		// Ensure that the websocket request is originating from the Panel itself,
 		// and not some other location.
@@ -111,7 +114,7 @@ func GetHandler(s *server.Server, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) (*Hand
 		Connection: conn,
 		jwt:        nil,
 		server:     s,
-		ra:         s.NewRequestActivity("", r.RemoteAddr),
+		ra:         s.NewRequestActivity("", c.ClientIP()),
 		uuid:       u,
 	}, nil
 }

server/activity.go

@@ -2,10 +2,12 @@ package server
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"time"
+
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
+
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/database"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/models"
-	"time"
 )
 
 const ActivityPowerPrefix = "server:power."

server/backup/backup.go

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ type RestoreCallback func(file string, r io.Reader, mode fs.FileMode, atime, mti
 // noinspection GoNameStartsWithPackageName
 type BackupInterface interface {
 	// SetClient sets the API request client on the backup interface.
-	SetClient(c remote.Client)
+	SetClient(remote.Client)
 	// Identifier returns the UUID of this backup as tracked by the panel
 	// instance.
 	Identifier() string
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ type BackupInterface interface {
 	WithLogContext(map[string]interface{})
 	// Generate creates a backup in whatever the configured source for the
 	// specific implementation is.
-	Generate(ctx context.Context, basePath string, ignore string) (*ArchiveDetails, error)
+	Generate(context.Context, string, string) (*ArchiveDetails, error)
 	// Ignored returns the ignored files for this backup instance.
 	Ignored() string
 	// Checksum returns a SHA1 checksum for the generated backup.
@@ -53,13 +53,13 @@ type BackupInterface interface {
 	// to store it until it is moved to the final spot.
 	Path() string
 	// Details returns details about the archive.
-	Details(ctx context.Context) (*ArchiveDetails, error)
+	Details(context.Context, []remote.BackupPart) (*ArchiveDetails, error)
 	// Remove removes a backup file.
 	Remove() error
 	// Restore is called when a backup is ready to be restored to the disk from
 	// the given source. Not every backup implementation will support this nor
 	// will every implementation require a reader be provided.
-	Restore(ctx context.Context, reader io.Reader, callback RestoreCallback) error
+	Restore(context.Context, io.Reader, RestoreCallback) error
 }
 
 type Backup struct {
@@ -119,8 +119,8 @@ func (b *Backup) Checksum() ([]byte, error) {
 
 // Details returns both the checksum and size of the archive currently stored on
 // the disk to the caller.
-func (b *Backup) Details(ctx context.Context) (*ArchiveDetails, error) {
+func (b *Backup) Details(ctx context.Context, parts []remote.BackupPart) (*ArchiveDetails, error) {
-	ad := ArchiveDetails{ChecksumType: "sha1"}
+	ad := ArchiveDetails{ChecksumType: "sha1", Parts: parts}
 	g, ctx := errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
 
 	g.Go(func() error {
@@ -165,6 +165,7 @@ type ArchiveDetails struct {
 	Checksum     string              `json:"checksum"`
 	ChecksumType string              `json:"checksum_type"`
 	Size         int64               `json:"size"`
+	Parts        []remote.BackupPart `json:"parts"`
 }
 
 // ToRequest returns a request object.
@@ -174,5 +175,6 @@ func (ad *ArchiveDetails) ToRequest(successful bool) remote.BackupRequest {
 		ChecksumType: ad.ChecksumType,
 		Size:         ad.Size,
 		Successful:   successful,
+		Parts:        ad.Parts,
 	}
 }

server/backup/backup_local.go

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ func (b *LocalBackup) Generate(ctx context.Context, basePath, ignore string) (*A
 	}
 	b.log().Info("created backup successfully")
 
-	ad, err := b.Details(ctx)
+	ad, err := b.Details(ctx, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.WrapIf(err, "backup: failed to get archive details for local backup")
 	}

server/backup/backup_s3.go

@@ -71,10 +71,11 @@ func (s *S3Backup) Generate(ctx context.Context, basePath, ignore string) (*Arch
 	}
 	defer rc.Close()
 
-	if err := s.generateRemoteRequest(ctx, rc); err != nil {
+	parts, err := s.generateRemoteRequest(ctx, rc)
+	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	ad, err := s.Details(ctx)
+	ad, err := s.Details(ctx, parts)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.WrapIf(err, "backup: failed to get archive details after upload")
 	}
@@ -125,20 +126,20 @@ func (s *S3Backup) Restore(ctx context.Context, r io.Reader, callback RestoreCal
 }
 
 // Generates the remote S3 request and begins the upload.
-func (s *S3Backup) generateRemoteRequest(ctx context.Context, rc io.ReadCloser) error {
+func (s *S3Backup) generateRemoteRequest(ctx context.Context, rc io.ReadCloser) ([]remote.BackupPart, error) {
 	defer rc.Close()
 
 	s.log().Debug("attempting to get size of backup...")
 	size, err := s.Backup.Size()
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return nil, err
 	}
 	s.log().WithField("size", size).Debug("got size of backup")
 
 	s.log().Debug("attempting to get S3 upload urls from Panel...")
 	urls, err := s.client.GetBackupRemoteUploadURLs(context.Background(), s.Backup.Uuid, size)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return nil, err
 	}
 	s.log().Debug("got S3 upload urls from the Panel")
 	s.log().WithField("parts", len(urls.Parts)).Info("attempting to upload backup to s3 endpoint...")
@@ -156,22 +157,26 @@ func (s *S3Backup) generateRemoteRequest(ctx context.Context, rc io.ReadCloser)
 		}
 
 		// Attempt to upload the part.
-		if _, err := uploader.uploadPart(ctx, part, partSize); err != nil {
+		etag, err := uploader.uploadPart(ctx, part, partSize)
+		if err != nil {
 			s.log().WithField("part_id", i+1).WithError(err).Warn("failed to upload part")
-			return err
+			return nil, err
 		}
-
+		uploader.uploadedParts = append(uploader.uploadedParts, remote.BackupPart{
+			ETag:       etag,
+			PartNumber: i + 1,
+		})
 		s.log().WithField("part_id", i+1).Info("successfully uploaded backup part")
 	}
-
 	s.log().WithField("parts", len(urls.Parts)).Info("backup has been successfully uploaded")
 
-	return nil
+	return uploader.uploadedParts, nil
 }
 
 type s3FileUploader struct {
 	io.ReadCloser
 	client        *http.Client
+	uploadedParts []remote.BackupPart
 }
 
 // newS3FileUploader returns a new file uploader instance.

server/console.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/mitchellh/colorstring"
+
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
 )

server/filesystem/archive.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"github.com/apex/log"
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ import (
 	ignore "github.com/sabhiram/go-gitignore"
 
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
 )
 
 const memory = 4 * 1024
@@ -28,6 +30,62 @@ var pool = sync.Pool{
 	},
 }
 
+// Progress is used to track the progress of any I/O operation that are being
+// performed.
+type Progress struct {
+	// written is the total size of the files that have been written to the writer.
+	written int64
+	// Total is the total size of the archive in bytes.
+	total int64
+	// w .
+	w io.Writer
+}
+
+// NewProgress .
+func NewProgress(total int64) *Progress {
+	return &Progress{total: total}
+}
+
+// Written returns the total number of bytes written.
+// This function should be used when the progress is tracking data being written.
+func (p *Progress) Written() int64 {
+	return atomic.LoadInt64(&p.written)
+}
+
+// Total returns the total size in bytes.
+func (p *Progress) Total() int64 {
+	return atomic.LoadInt64(&p.total)
+}
+
+// Write totals the number of bytes that have been written to the writer.
+func (p *Progress) Write(v []byte) (int, error) {
+	n := len(v)
+	atomic.AddInt64(&p.written, int64(n))
+	if p.w != nil {
+		return p.w.Write(v)
+	}
+	return n, nil
+}
+
+// Progress returns a formatted progress string for the current progress.
+func (p *Progress) Progress(width int) string {
+	current := p.Written()
+	total := p.Total()
+
+	// v = 100 (Progress)
+	// size = 1000 (Content-Length)
+	// p / size = 0.1
+	// * 100 = 10% (Multiply by 100 to get a percentage of the download)
+	// 10% / tickPercentage = (10% / (100 / 25)) (Divide by tick percentage to get the number of ticks)
+	// 2.5 (Number of ticks as a float64)
+	// 2 (convert to an integer)
+
+	// We have to cast these numbers to float in order to get a float result from the division.
+	ticks := ((float64(current) / float64(total)) * 100) / (float64(100) / float64(width))
+	bar := strings.Repeat("=", int(ticks)) + strings.Repeat(" ", width-int(ticks))
+	return "[" + bar + "] " + system.FormatBytes(current) + " / " + system.FormatBytes(total)
+}
+
 type Archive struct {
 	// BasePath is the absolute path to create the archive from where Files and Ignore are
 	// relative to.
@@ -40,10 +98,13 @@ type Archive struct {
 	// Files specifies the files to archive, this takes priority over the Ignore option, if
 	// unspecified, all files in the BasePath will be archived unless Ignore is set.
 	Files []string
+
+	// Progress wraps the writer of the archive to pass through the progress tracker.
+	Progress *Progress
 }
 
-// Create creates an archive at dst with all of the files defined in the
+// Create creates an archive at dst with all the files defined in the
-// included files struct.
+// included Files array.
 func (a *Archive) Create(dst string) error {
 	f, err := os.OpenFile(dst, os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC, 0o600)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -62,26 +123,34 @@ func (a *Archive) Create(dst string) error {
 		writer = f
 	}
 
-	// The default compression level is BestSpeed
-	var cl = pgzip.BestSpeed
-
 	// Choose which compression level to use based on the compression_level configuration option
+	var compressionLevel int
 	switch config.Get().System.Backups.CompressionLevel {
 	case "none":
-		cl = pgzip.NoCompression
+		compressionLevel = pgzip.NoCompression
-	case "best_speed":
-		cl = pgzip.BestSpeed
 	case "best_compression":
-		cl = pgzip.BestCompression
+		compressionLevel = pgzip.BestCompression
+	case "best_speed":
+		fallthrough
+	default:
+		compressionLevel = pgzip.BestSpeed
 	}
 
 	// Create a new gzip writer around the file.
-	gw, _ := pgzip.NewWriterLevel(writer, cl)
+	gw, _ := pgzip.NewWriterLevel(writer, compressionLevel)
 	_ = gw.SetConcurrency(1<<20, 1)
 	defer gw.Close()
 
+	var pw io.Writer
+	if a.Progress != nil {
+		a.Progress.w = gw
+		pw = a.Progress
+	} else {
+		pw = gw
+	}
+
 	// Create a new tar writer around the gzip writer.
-	tw := tar.NewWriter(gw)
+	tw := tar.NewWriter(pw)
 	defer tw.Close()
 
 	// Configure godirwalk.
@@ -116,7 +185,7 @@ func (a *Archive) Create(dst string) error {
 // being generated.
 func (a *Archive) callback(tw *tar.Writer, opts ...func(path string, relative string) error) func(path string, de *godirwalk.Dirent) error {
 	return func(path string, de *godirwalk.Dirent) error {
-		// Skip directories because we walking them recursively.
+		// Skip directories because we are walking them recursively.
 		if de.IsDir() {
 			return nil
 		}

server/filesystem/compress.go

@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@ import (
 	"archive/zip"
 	"compress/gzip"
 	"fmt"
-	gzip2 "github.com/klauspost/compress/gzip"
-	zip2 "github.com/klauspost/compress/zip"
 	"os"
 	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
@@ -15,6 +13,9 @@ import (
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
+	gzip2 "github.com/klauspost/compress/gzip"
+	zip2 "github.com/klauspost/compress/zip"
+
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"github.com/mholt/archiver/v3"
 )

server/filesystem/disk_space.go

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package filesystem
 
 import (
+	"context"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/vhd"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"syscall"
@@ -35,18 +37,46 @@ func (ult *usageLookupTime) Get() time.Time {
 	return ult.value
 }
 
-// Returns the maximum amount of disk space that this Filesystem instance is allowed to use.
+// MaxDisk returns the maximum amount of disk space that this Filesystem
+// instance is allowed to use.
 func (fs *Filesystem) MaxDisk() int64 {
 	return atomic.LoadInt64(&fs.diskLimit)
 }
 
-// Sets the disk space limit for this Filesystem instance.
+// SetDiskLimit sets the disk space limit for this Filesystem instance. This
-func (fs *Filesystem) SetDiskLimit(i int64) {
+// logic will also handle mounting or unmounting a virtual disk if it is being
-	atomic.SwapInt64(&fs.diskLimit, i)
+// used currently.
+func (fs *Filesystem) SetDiskLimit(ctx context.Context, i int64) error {
+	// Do nothing if this method is called but the limit is not changing.
+	if atomic.LoadInt64(&fs.diskLimit) == i {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if vhd.Enabled() {
+		if i == 0 && fs.IsVirtual() {
+			fs.log().Debug("disk limit changed to 0, destroying virtual disk")
+			// Remove the VHD if it is mounted so that we're just storing files directly on the system
+			// since we cannot have a virtual disk with a space limit enforced like that.
+			if err := fs.vhd.Destroy(ctx); err != nil {
+				return errors.WithStackIf(err)
+			}
+			fs.vhd = nil
+		}
+		// If we're setting a disk size go ahead and mount the VHD if it isn't already mounted,
+		// and then allocate the new space to the disk.
+		if i > 0 {
+			fs.log().Debug("disk limit updated, allocating new space to virtual disk")
+			if err := fs.ConfigureDisk(ctx, i); err != nil {
+				return errors.WithStackIf(err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	fs.log().WithField("limit", i).Debug("disk limit updated")
+	atomic.StoreInt64(&fs.diskLimit, i)
+	return nil
 }
 
-// The same concept as HasSpaceAvailable however this will return an error if there is
+// HasSpaceErr is the same concept as HasSpaceAvailable however this will return
-// no space, rather than a boolean value.
+// an error if there is no space, rather than a boolean value.
 func (fs *Filesystem) HasSpaceErr(allowStaleValue bool) error {
 	if !fs.HasSpaceAvailable(allowStaleValue) {
 		return newFilesystemError(ErrCodeDiskSpace, nil)
@@ -54,67 +84,77 @@ func (fs *Filesystem) HasSpaceErr(allowStaleValue bool) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// Determines if the directory a file is trying to be added to has enough space available
+// HasSpaceAvailable determines if the directory a file is trying to be added to
-// for the file to be written to.
+// has enough space available for the file to be written to.
 //
-// Because determining the amount of space being used by a server is a taxing operation we
+// Because determining the amount of space being used by a server is a taxing
-// will load it all up into a cache and pull from that as long as the key is not expired.
+// operation we will load it all up into a cache and pull from that as long as
+// the key is not expired. This operation will potentially block unless
+// allowStaleValue is set to true. See the documentation on DiskUsage for how
+// this affects the call.
 //
-// This operation will potentially block unless allowStaleValue is set to true. See the
+// If the current size of the disk is larger than the maximum allowed size this
-// documentation on DiskUsage for how this affects the call.
+// function will return false, in all other cases it will return true. We do
+// not check the existence of a virtual disk at this point since this logic is
+// used to return friendly error messages to users, and also prevent us wasting
+// time on more taxing operations when we know the result will end up failing due
+// to space limits.
+//
+// If the servers disk limit is set to 0 it means there is no limit, however the
+// DiskUsage method is still called to keep the cache warm. This function will
+// always return true for a server with no limit set.
 func (fs *Filesystem) HasSpaceAvailable(allowStaleValue bool) bool {
 	size, err := fs.DiskUsage(allowStaleValue)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.WithField("root", fs.root).WithField("error", err).Warn("failed to determine root fs directory size")
+		fs.log().WithField("error", err).Warn("failed to determine root fs directory size")
+	}
+	return fs.MaxDisk() == 0 || size <= fs.MaxDisk()
 }
 
-	// If space is -1 or 0 just return true, means they're allowed unlimited.
+// CachedUsage returns the cached value for the amount of disk space used by the
-	//
+// filesystem. Do not rely on this function for critical logical checks. It
-	// Technically we could skip disk space calculation because we don't need to check if the
+// should only be used in areas where the actual disk usage does not need to be
-	// server exceeds its limit but because this method caches the disk usage it would be best
+// perfect, e.g. API responses for server resource usage.
-	// to calculate the disk usage and always return true.
-	if fs.MaxDisk() == 0 {
-		return true
-	}
-
-	return size <= fs.MaxDisk()
-}
-
-// Returns the cached value for the amount of disk space used by the filesystem. Do not rely on this
-// function for critical logical checks. It should only be used in areas where the actual disk usage
-// does not need to be perfect, e.g. API responses for server resource usage.
 func (fs *Filesystem) CachedUsage() int64 {
 	return atomic.LoadInt64(&fs.diskUsed)
 }
 
-// Internal helper function to allow other parts of the codebase to check the total used disk space
+// DiskUsage is an internal helper function to allow other parts of the codebase
-// as needed without overly taxing the system. This will prioritize the value from the cache to avoid
+// to check the total used disk space as needed without overly taxing the system.
-// excessive IO usage. We will only walk the filesystem and determine the size of the directory if there
+// This will prioritize the value from the cache to avoid excessive IO usage. We
+// will only walk the filesystem and determine the size of the directory if there
 // is no longer a cached value.
 //
-// If "allowStaleValue" is set to true, a stale value MAY be returned to the caller if there is an
+// If "allowStaleValue" is set to true, a stale value MAY be returned to the
-// expired cache value AND there is currently another lookup in progress. If there is no cached value but
+// caller if there is an expired cache value AND there is currently another
-// no other lookup is in progress, a fresh disk space response will be returned to the caller.
+// lookup in progress. If there is no cached value but no other lookup is in
+// progress, a fresh disk space response will be returned to the caller.
 //
-// This is primarily to avoid a bunch of I/O operations from piling up on the server, especially on servers
+// This is primarily to avoid a bunch of I/O operations from piling up on the
-// with a large amount of files.
+// server, especially on servers with a large amount of files.
 func (fs *Filesystem) DiskUsage(allowStaleValue bool) (int64, error) {
 	// A disk check interval of 0 means this functionality is completely disabled.
 	if fs.diskCheckInterval == 0 {
 		return 0, nil
 	}
 
-	if !fs.lastLookupTime.Get().After(time.Now().Add(time.Second * fs.diskCheckInterval * -1)) {
+	since := time.Now().Add(time.Second * fs.diskCheckInterval * -1)
+	// If the last lookup time was before our calculated limit we will re-execute this
+	// checking logic. If the lookup time was after the oldest possible timestamp we will
+	// continue returning the cached value.
+	if fs.lastLookupTime.Get().Before(since) {
 		// If we are now allowing a stale response go ahead  and perform the lookup and return the fresh
 		// value. This is a blocking operation to the calling process.
 		if !allowStaleValue {
 			return fs.updateCachedDiskUsage()
-		} else if !fs.lookupInProgress.Load() {
+		}
+
 		// Otherwise, if we allow a stale value and there isn't a valid item in the cache and we aren't
 		// currently performing a lookup, just do the disk usage calculation in the background.
+		if !fs.lookupInProgress.Load() {
 			go func(fs *Filesystem) {
 				if _, err := fs.updateCachedDiskUsage(); err != nil {
-					log.WithField("root", fs.root).WithField("error", err).Warn("failed to update fs disk usage from within routine")
+					fs.log().WithField("error", err).Warn("failed to update fs disk usage from within routine")
 				}
 			}(fs)
 		}
@@ -194,11 +234,14 @@ func (fs *Filesystem) DirectorySize(dir string) (int64, error) {
 	return size, errors.WrapIf(err, "server/filesystem: directorysize: failed to walk directory")
 }
 
-// Helper function to determine if a server has space available for a file of a given size.
+// HasSpaceFor is a function to determine if a server has space available for a
-// If space is available, no error will be returned, otherwise an ErrNotEnoughSpace error
+// file of a given size. If space is available, no error will be returned,
-// will be raised.
+// otherwise an ErrNotEnoughSpace error will be raised. If this filesystem is
+// configured as a virtual disk this function is a no-op as we will fall through
+// to the native implementation to throw back an error if there is not disk
+// space available.
 func (fs *Filesystem) HasSpaceFor(size int64) error {
-	if fs.MaxDisk() == 0 {
+	if fs.IsVirtual() || fs.MaxDisk() == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
 	s, err := fs.DiskUsage(true)
@@ -234,3 +277,7 @@ func (fs *Filesystem) addDisk(i int64) int64 {
 
 	return atomic.AddInt64(&fs.diskUsed, i)
 }
+
+func (fs *Filesystem) log() *log.Entry {
+	return log.WithField("server", fs.uuid).WithField("root", fs.root)
+}

server/filesystem/filesystem.go

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 	ignore "github.com/sabhiram/go-gitignore"
 
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/vhd"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
 )
 
@@ -30,19 +31,23 @@ type Filesystem struct {
 	diskUsed          int64
 	diskCheckInterval time.Duration
 	denylist          *ignore.GitIgnore
+	vhd               *vhd.Disk
 
 	// The maximum amount of disk space (in bytes) that this Filesystem instance can use.
 	diskLimit int64
 
 	// The root data directory path for this Filesystem instance.
 	root string
+	uuid string
 
 	isTest bool
 }
 
 // New creates a new Filesystem instance for a given server.
-func New(root string, size int64, denylist []string) *Filesystem {
+func New(uuid string, size int64, denylist []string) *Filesystem {
-	return &Filesystem{
+	root := filepath.Join(config.Get().System.Data, uuid)
+	fs := Filesystem{
+		uuid:              uuid,
 		root:              root,
 		diskLimit:         size,
 		diskCheckInterval: time.Duration(config.Get().System.DiskCheckInterval),
@@ -50,6 +55,15 @@ func New(root string, size int64, denylist []string) *Filesystem {
 		lookupInProgress:  system.NewAtomicBool(false),
 		denylist:          ignore.CompileIgnoreLines(denylist...),
 	}
+
+	// If VHD support is enabled but this server is configured with no disk size
+	// limit we cannot actually use a virtual disk. In that case fall back to using
+	// the default driver.
+	if vhd.Enabled() && size > 0 {
+		fs.vhd = vhd.New(size, vhd.DiskPath(uuid), fs.root)
+	}
+
+	return &fs
 }
 
 // Path returns the root path for the Filesystem instance.
@@ -77,9 +91,9 @@ func (fs *Filesystem) File(p string) (*os.File, Stat, error) {
 	return f, st, nil
 }
 
-// Acts by creating the given file and path on the disk if it is not present already. If
+// Touch acts by creating the given file and path on the disk if it is not present
-// it is present, the file is opened using the defaults which will truncate the contents.
+// already. If it is present, the file is opened using the defaults which will
-// The opened file is then returned to the caller.
+// truncate the contents. The opened file is then returned to the caller.
 func (fs *Filesystem) Touch(p string, flag int) (*os.File, error) {
 	cleaned, err := fs.SafePath(p)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -155,6 +169,12 @@ func (fs *Filesystem) Writefile(p string, r io.Reader) error {
 
 	buf := make([]byte, 1024*4)
 	sz, err := io.CopyBuffer(file, r, buf)
+	if err != nil {
+		if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "no space left on device") {
+			return newFilesystemError(ErrCodeDiskSpace, err)
+		}
+		return errors.WrapIf(err, "filesystem: failed to copy buffer for file write")
+	}
 
 	// Adjust the disk usage to account for the old size and the new size of the file.
 	fs.addDisk(sz - currentSize)
@@ -312,8 +332,9 @@ func (fs *Filesystem) findCopySuffix(dir string, name string, extension string)
 	return name + suffix + extension, nil
 }
 
-// Copies a given file to the same location and appends a suffix to the file to indicate that
+// Copy takes a given input file path and creates a copy of the file at the same
-// it has been copied.
+// location, appending a unique number to the end. For example, a copy of "test.txt"
+// would create "test 2.txt" as the copy, then "test 3.txt" and so on.
 func (fs *Filesystem) Copy(p string) error {
 	cleaned, err := fs.SafePath(p)
 	if err != nil {

server/filesystem/virtual.go

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package filesystem
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"emperror.dev/errors"
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/vhd"
+)
+
+// IsVirtual returns true if the filesystem is currently using a virtual disk.
+func (fs *Filesystem) IsVirtual() bool {
+	return fs.vhd != nil
+}
+
+// ConfigureDisk will attempt to create a new VHD if there is not one already
+// created for the filesystem. If there is this method will attempt to resize
+// the underlying data volume. Passing a size of 0 or less will panic.
+func (fs *Filesystem) ConfigureDisk(ctx context.Context, size int64) error {
+	if size <= 0 {
+		panic("filesystem: attempt to configure disk with empty size")
+	}
+	if fs.vhd == nil {
+		fs.vhd = vhd.New(size, vhd.DiskPath(fs.uuid), fs.root)
+		if err := fs.MountDisk(ctx); err != nil {
+			return errors.WithStackIf(err)
+		}
+	}
+	// Resize the disk now that it is for sure mounted and exists on the system.
+	if err := fs.vhd.Resize(ctx, size); err != nil {
+		return errors.WithStackIf(err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// MountDisk will attempt to mount the underlying virtual disk for the server.
+// If the disk is already mounted this is a no-op function.
+func (fs *Filesystem) MountDisk(ctx context.Context) error {
+	err := fs.vhd.Mount(ctx)
+	if errors.Is(err, vhd.ErrFilesystemMounted) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return errors.WrapIf(err, "filesystem: failed to mount VHD")
+}

server/install.go

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/mount"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/client"
+
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/environment"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/remote"
@@ -449,6 +450,7 @@ func (ip *InstallationProcess) Execute() (string, error) {
 		},
 		Privileged:  true,
 		NetworkMode: container.NetworkMode(config.Get().Docker.Network.Mode),
+		UsernsMode:  container.UsernsMode(config.Get().Docker.UsernsMode),
 	}
 
 	// Ensure the root directory for the server exists properly before attempting

server/listeners.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/apex/log"
+
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/events"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
 

server/manager.go

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
@@ -25,14 +24,16 @@ import (
 type Manager struct {
 	mu                    sync.RWMutex
 	client                remote.Client
+	skipVhdInitialization bool
 	servers               []*Server
 }
 
 // NewManager returns a new server manager instance. This will boot up all the
 // servers that are currently present on the filesystem and set them into the
 // manager.
-func NewManager(ctx context.Context, client remote.Client) (*Manager, error) {
+func NewManager(ctx context.Context, client remote.Client, skipVhdInit bool) (*Manager, error) {
 	m := NewEmptyManager(client)
+	m.skipVhdInitialization = skipVhdInit
 	if err := m.init(ctx); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -184,7 +185,7 @@ func (m *Manager) ReadStates() (map[string]string, error) {
 // InitServer initializes a server using a data byte array. This will be
 // marshaled into the given struct using a YAML marshaler. This will also
 // configure the given environment for a server.
-func (m *Manager) InitServer(data remote.ServerConfigurationResponse) (*Server, error) {
+func (m *Manager) InitServer(ctx context.Context, data remote.ServerConfigurationResponse) (*Server, error) {
 	s, err := New(m.client)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -196,7 +197,15 @@ func (m *Manager) InitServer(data remote.ServerConfigurationResponse) (*Server,
 		return nil, errors.WithStackIf(err)
 	}
 
-	s.fs = filesystem.New(filepath.Join(config.Get().System.Data, s.ID()), s.DiskSpace(), s.Config().Egg.FileDenylist)
+	s.fs = filesystem.New(s.ID(), s.DiskSpace(), s.Config().Egg.FileDenylist)
+	// If this is a virtual filesystem we need to go ahead and mount the disk
+	// so that everything is accessible.
+	if s.fs.IsVirtual() && !m.skipVhdInitialization {
+		log.WithField("server", s.ID()).Info("mounting virtual disk for server")
+		if err := s.fs.MountDisk(ctx); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
 
 	// Right now we only support a Docker based environment, so I'm going to hard code
 	// this logic in. When we're ready to support other environment we'll need to make
@@ -258,7 +267,7 @@ func (m *Manager) init(ctx context.Context) error {
 				log.WithField("server", data.Uuid).WithField("error", err).Error("failed to parse server configuration from API response, skipping...")
 				return
 			}
-			s, err := m.InitServer(d)
+			s, err := m.InitServer(ctx, d)
 			if err != nil {
 				log.WithField("server", data.Uuid).WithField("error", err).Error("failed to load server, skipping...")
 				return

server/power.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
+
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/environment"
 )

server/power_test.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 
 	. "github.com/franela/goblin"
+
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
 )
 

server/server.go

@@ -179,6 +179,8 @@ func (s *Server) Log() *log.Entry {
 //
 // This also means mass actions can be performed against servers on the Panel
 // and they will automatically sync with Wings when the server is started.
+//
+// TODO: accept a context value rather than using the server's context.
 func (s *Server) Sync() error {
 	cfg, err := s.client.GetServerConfiguration(s.Context(), s.ID())
 	if err != nil {
@@ -194,7 +196,9 @@ func (s *Server) Sync() error {
 
 	// Update the disk space limits for the server whenever the configuration for
 	// it changes.
-	s.fs.SetDiskLimit(s.DiskSpace())
+	if err := s.fs.SetDiskLimit(s.Context(), s.DiskSpace()); err != nil {
+		return errors.WrapIf(err, "server: failed to sync server configuration from API")
+	}
 
 	s.SyncWithEnvironment()
 

sftp/event.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package sftp
 import (
 	"emperror.dev/errors"
 	"github.com/apex/log"
+
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/database"
 	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/internal/models"
 )

system/const.go

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 package system
 
-var Version = "1.7.1"
+var Version = "develop"

wings.go

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 package main
 
 import (
-	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/cmd"
 	"math/rand"
 	"time"
+
+	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/cmd"
 )
 
 func main() {